EP1142096A1 - Ac/dc electric voltage converter - Google Patents

Ac/dc electric voltage converter

Info

Publication number
EP1142096A1
EP1142096A1 EP99959494A EP99959494A EP1142096A1 EP 1142096 A1 EP1142096 A1 EP 1142096A1 EP 99959494 A EP99959494 A EP 99959494A EP 99959494 A EP99959494 A EP 99959494A EP 1142096 A1 EP1142096 A1 EP 1142096A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
converter
bridge
switches
capacitor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99959494A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christophe Thomson-CSF P.I.Dépt.Brevets TAURAND
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Avionics SAS
Original Assignee
Thales Avionics SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thales Avionics SAS filed Critical Thales Avionics SAS
Publication of EP1142096A1 publication Critical patent/EP1142096A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an AC / DC voltage converter, and more particularly such a converter comprising a bridge rectifier assembly associated with a capacitor and followed by a DC / DC converter.
  • Such devices are well known and very widely used. They include a diode bridge supplied with alternating voltage on one of its diagonals, and a capacitor mounted on the other diagonal, rectified, in parallel on the input of the DC / DC converter. The capacitor is therefore located downstream of the rectifier bridge. The load is itself arranged downstream of the DC / DC converter. Converters of this type are very satisfactory, but have a number of drawbacks.
  • the capacitor placed upstream of the rectifier bridge no longer sees the discontinuities in the derivative of the voltage due to this rectifier bridge, and therefore consumes an alternating current, thus reducing the current distortion on the alternating network.
  • this arrangement of the capacitor would still be irreversible, since it would still be unable to absorb the currents injected by the charges.
  • the reversibility is restored by authorizing a return of energy to the network. It is thus possible to use a bidirectional DC / DC converter as output.
  • the converter according to the invention comprises means for measuring the input voltage, and means for controlling the switches as a function of this voltage.
  • the invention also relates to a method for rectifying an alternating voltage supplied by voltage generating means, characterized in that one places, in parallel on the generating means, a capacitor and a bridge of controlled switches, that said switches are controlled as a function of said alternating voltage, and that the voltage at the output of the bridge of switches controlled is regulated using a bidirectional DC / DC converter.
  • an MOS transistor bridge is used.
  • MOS transistors can be switched during the zero crossing of said alternating voltage.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical diagram of a voltage converter according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an equivalent diagram
  • FIG. 3a and 3b illustrate its operation as a function of the input voltage.
  • the capacitor 1 is arranged at the input of the rectifier bridge 2, in parallel on one of its diagonals.
  • the DC / DC converter 3 is arranged at the output of the rectifier bridge 2, in parallel on its other diagonal, that is to say the rectified diagonal.
  • the output voltage is the voltage V s at the output of the DC / DC converter 3, where the load can be connected.
  • the rectifier bridge 2 is composed of MOS transistors 6 whose gates 7 are connected to the outputs of the control electronics 4. This electronics receives the voltage V e at the input of the rectifier bridge 2, and measures this voltage.
  • FIG. 2 shows an equivalent diagram of the converter of FIG. 1, in which each MOS transistor has been replaced by a switch 8 controlled by the electronics 4, in parallel on a diode 9.
  • the electronics 4 control the switches 8, in fact the MOS transistors 6, so as to open or close them when the alternating voltage V e at the input of the rectifier bridge is canceled.
  • the electronics 4 control the switches 8, in fact the MOS transistors 6, so as to open or close them when the alternating voltage V e at the input of the rectifier bridge is canceled.
  • This voltage is then regulated to the desired value in the DC / DC converter 3.
  • the invention makes it possible to use bidirectional DC / DC converters as described in patent applications FR-A-2 729 516 and FR 97 16348 when we make the current absorbed by them proportional to their input voltage (which makes the sinusoidal current) and we put a large capacity connected to their output.
  • the bidirectionality of the rectifier then makes it possible to absorb both the high frequency negative currents (chopping period of the converters) generated by these converters as well as low frequency energy (that of the network) in the event of transfer from secondary to primary.
  • the invention therefore provides an AC / DC converter corrected for power factor, in which consequently the primary current is sinusoidal and in phase with the voltage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns an AC/DC electric voltage converter comprising a bridge rectifier assembly (2) associated with a capacitor (1) and followed by a DC/DC converter (3). The bridge consists of controlled switches (6), in particular MOS transistors, and the capacitor is arranged upstream of the bridge, in parallel on the alternating current supply. The MOS transistors can be switched when the alternating current supply is at crossover. The invention is applicable to the supply of non-resistive loads.

Description

CONVERTISSEUR DE TENSION ELECTRIQUE ALTERNATIF/CONTINU ALTERNATING / CONTINUOUS ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE CONVERTER
La présente invention concerne un convertisseur de tension électrique alternatif/continu, et plus particulièrement un tel convertisseur comprenant un montage redresseur en pont associé à un condensateur et suivi d'un convertisseur continu/continu.The present invention relates to an AC / DC voltage converter, and more particularly such a converter comprising a bridge rectifier assembly associated with a capacitor and followed by a DC / DC converter.
De tels dispositifs sont bien connus et très largement utilisés. Ils comprennent un pont de diodes alimenté en tension alternative sur une de ses diagonales, et un condensateur monté sur l'autre diagonale, redressée, en parallèle sur l'entrée du convertisseur continu/continu. Le condensateur se trouve donc en aval du pont redresseur. La charge est elle-même disposée en aval du convertisseur continu/continu. Les convertisseurs de ce type donnent très largement satisfaction mais présentent toutefois un certain nombre d'inconvénients.Such devices are well known and very widely used. They include a diode bridge supplied with alternating voltage on one of its diagonals, and a capacitor mounted on the other diagonal, rectified, in parallel on the input of the DC / DC converter. The capacitor is therefore located downstream of the rectifier bridge. The load is itself arranged downstream of the DC / DC converter. Converters of this type are very satisfactory, but have a number of drawbacks.
En premier lieu, ils peuvent être la cause de distorsions relativement importantes. En effet, des ruptures de pente se produisent aux passages d'une alternance à la suivante dans les courbes d'évolution dans le temps de la tension redressée. Il en résulte des appels de courant provoquant des pics de distorsion de courant.First, they can be the cause of relatively large distortions. Indeed, slope breaks occur at the passages from one alternation to the next in the curves of evolution over time of the rectified voltage. This results in current draws causing peaks of current distortion.
L'utilisation de ponts redresseurs à diodes avec des convertisseurs continu/continu bidirectionnels présente par ailleurs des risques d'emballement en cas de renvoi d'énergie du secondaire vers le primaire, le pont redresseur empêchant la bidirectionalité du courant. La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients. Plus particulièrement, l'invention vise à fournir un convertisseur qui fournisse un courant présentant un minimum de distorsion et qui puisse comporter tout type de convertisseur continu/continu disposé en aval. A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un convertisseur de tension électrique alternatif/continu comprenant un montage redresseur en pont associé à un condensateur et suivi d'un convertisseur continu/continu, caractérisé par le fait que ledit pont est formé d'interrupteurs commandés, notamment de transistors MOS, et que ledit condensateur est disposé en amont du pont, en parallèle sur l'alimentation alternative. Le condensateur placé en amont du pont redresseur ne voit plus les discontinuités de la dérivée de la tension dues à ce pont redresseur, et consomme donc un courant alternatif, réduisant ainsi la distorsion de courant sur le réseau alternatif. Toutefois, cette disposition du condensateur serait toujours irréversible, car il serait toujours incapable d'absorber les courants injectés par les charges. En remplaçant les diodes par des interrupteurs commandés, on restitue la réversibilité en autorisant un renvoi d'énergie sur le réseau. On peut ainsi utiliser en sortie un convertisseur continu/continu bidirectionnel.The use of diode rectifier bridges with bidirectional DC / DC converters also presents the risk of runaway in the event of energy being returned from the secondary to the primary, the rectifier bridge preventing bidirectionality of the current. The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks. More particularly, the invention aims to provide a converter which supplies a current having a minimum of distortion and which can comprise any type of DC / DC converter arranged downstream. To this end, the subject of the invention is an AC / DC voltage converter comprising a bridge rectifier assembly associated with a capacitor and followed by a DC / DC converter, characterized in that said bridge is formed of switches controlled, in particular from MOS transistors, and that said capacitor is arranged upstream of the bridge, in parallel on the AC supply. The capacitor placed upstream of the rectifier bridge no longer sees the discontinuities in the derivative of the voltage due to this rectifier bridge, and therefore consumes an alternating current, thus reducing the current distortion on the alternating network. However, this arrangement of the capacitor would still be irreversible, since it would still be unable to absorb the currents injected by the charges. By replacing the diodes with controlled switches, the reversibility is restored by authorizing a return of energy to the network. It is thus possible to use a bidirectional DC / DC converter as output.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, le convertisseur selon l'invention comprend des moyens pour mesurer la tension d'entrée, et des moyens pour commander les interrupteurs en fonction de cette tension.In a particular embodiment, the converter according to the invention comprises means for measuring the input voltage, and means for controlling the switches as a function of this voltage.
L'invention a également pour objet un procédé pour redresser une tension alternative fournie par des moyens générateurs de tension, caractérisé par le fait que l'on place, en parallèle sur les moyens générateurs, un condensateur et un pont d'interrupteurs commandés, que l'on commande lesdits interrupteurs en fonction de ladite tension alternative, et que l'on régule la tension en sortie du pont d'interrupteurs commandés à l'aide d'un convertisseur continu/continu bidirectionnel.The invention also relates to a method for rectifying an alternating voltage supplied by voltage generating means, characterized in that one places, in parallel on the generating means, a capacitor and a bridge of controlled switches, that said switches are controlled as a function of said alternating voltage, and that the voltage at the output of the bridge of switches controlled is regulated using a bidirectional DC / DC converter.
Dans un mode de mise en œuvre particulier, on utilise un pont de transistor MOS.In a particular embodiment, an MOS transistor bridge is used.
Plus particulièrement, on peut commuter lesdits transistors MOS lors du passage à zéro de ladite tension alternative. On décrira maintenant, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés dans lesquels :More particularly, said MOS transistors can be switched during the zero crossing of said alternating voltage. A particular embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of nonlimiting example, with reference to the appended schematic drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est un schéma électrique d'un convertisseur de tension selon l'invention ; - la figure 2 en est un schéma équivalent ; et- Figure 1 is an electrical diagram of a voltage converter according to the invention; - Figure 2 is an equivalent diagram; and
- les figures 3a et 3b illustrent son fonctionnement en fonction de la tension d'entrée.- Figures 3a and 3b illustrate its operation as a function of the input voltage.
On voit à la figure 1 un convertisseur alternatif/continu selon l'invention composé pour l'essentiel d'un condensateur 1 , d'un pont redresseur 2, d'un convertisseur continu/continu 3 et d'une électronique de commande 4. La tension alternative à redresser est appliquée au condensateur 1 par l'intermédiaire d'une bobine d'induction 5 en série.FIG. 1 shows an AC / DC converter according to the invention essentially composed of a capacitor 1, a rectifier bridge 2, a DC / DC converter 3 and an electronics of control 4. The alternating voltage to be rectified is applied to the capacitor 1 via an induction coil 5 in series.
Le condensateur 1 est disposé à l'entrée du pont redresseur 2, en parallèle sur une de ses diagonales. Le convertisseur continu/continu 3 est disposé à la sortie du pont redresseur 2, en parallèle sur son autre diagonale, c'est-à-dire la diagonale redressée. La tension de sortie est la tension Vs en sortie du convertisseur continu/continu 3, où la charge peut connectée.The capacitor 1 is arranged at the input of the rectifier bridge 2, in parallel on one of its diagonals. The DC / DC converter 3 is arranged at the output of the rectifier bridge 2, in parallel on its other diagonal, that is to say the rectified diagonal. The output voltage is the voltage V s at the output of the DC / DC converter 3, where the load can be connected.
Le pont redresseur 2 est composé de transistors MOS 6 dont les grilles 7 sont reliées aux sorties de l'électronique de commande 4. Cette électronique reçoit en entrée la tension Ve à l'entrée du pont redresseur 2, et mesure cette tension.The rectifier bridge 2 is composed of MOS transistors 6 whose gates 7 are connected to the outputs of the control electronics 4. This electronics receives the voltage V e at the input of the rectifier bridge 2, and measures this voltage.
On a représenté à la figure 2 un schéma équivalent du convertisseur de la figure 1 , dans lequel chaque transistor MOS a été remplacé par un interrupteur 8 commandé par l'électronique 4, en parallèle sur une diode 9.FIG. 2 shows an equivalent diagram of the converter of FIG. 1, in which each MOS transistor has been replaced by a switch 8 controlled by the electronics 4, in parallel on a diode 9.
L'électronique 4 commande les interrupteurs 8, en fait les transistors MOS 6, de manière à les ouvrir ou à les fermer lorsque la tension alternative Ve à l'entrée du pont redresseur s'annule. On obtient alors les deux schémas équivalents des figures 3a et 3b selon que l'alternance est positive ou négative.The electronics 4 control the switches 8, in fact the MOS transistors 6, so as to open or close them when the alternating voltage V e at the input of the rectifier bridge is canceled. We then obtain the two equivalent diagrams of Figures 3a and 3b depending on whether the alternation is positive or negative.
Les interrupteurs opposés sont alternativement ouverts et fermés, simultanément deux par deux, lorsque la tension change de sens à l'entrée du pont redresseur 2. On peut ainsi constater que la tension en sortie du pont est toujours de même signe.The opposite switches are alternately open and closed, simultaneously two by two, when the voltage changes direction at the input of the rectifier bridge 2. It can thus be seen that the voltage at the output of the bridge is always of the same sign.
Cette tension est ensuite est régulée à la valeur souhaitée dans le convertisseur continu/continu 3.This voltage is then regulated to the desired value in the DC / DC converter 3.
On comprend dans le schéma de la figure 2 que les interrupteurs ne font qu'assurer la conduction lorsque les diodes sont bloquées. Une charge non purement résistive peut entraîner au point 10 du schéma une montée de tension ayant tendance à réinjecter du courant dans le primaire. Des diodes seules se bloqueraient, alors que les interrupteurs selon l'invention permettent ce passage de courant vers le primaire.It is understood in the diagram of Figure 2 that the switches only provide conduction when the diodes are blocked. A non-purely resistive load can cause voltage rise in point 10 of the diagram, which tends to reinject current into the primary. Diodes alone would block, while the switches according to the invention allow this passage of current to the primary.
L'invention permet d'utiliser des convertisseurs DC/DC bidirectionnels tels que décrits dans les demandes de brevet FR-A-2 729 516 et FR 97 16348 lorsque l'on rend le courant absorbé par ceux-ci proportionnel à leur tension d'entrée (ce qui rend le courant sinusoïdal) et que l'on met une grosse capacité connectée sur leur sortie. La bidirectionalité du redresseur permet alors d'absorber à la fois les courants négatifs haute fréquence (période de découpage des convertisseurs) générés par ces convertisseurs ainsi qu'une énergie basse fréquence (celle du réseau) en cas de transfert du secondaire vers le primaire.The invention makes it possible to use bidirectional DC / DC converters as described in patent applications FR-A-2 729 516 and FR 97 16348 when we make the current absorbed by them proportional to their input voltage (which makes the sinusoidal current) and we put a large capacity connected to their output. The bidirectionality of the rectifier then makes it possible to absorb both the high frequency negative currents (chopping period of the converters) generated by these converters as well as low frequency energy (that of the network) in the event of transfer from secondary to primary.
L'invention fournit donc un convertisseur alternatif/continu corrigé en facteur de puissance, dans lequel par conséquent le courant primaire est sinusoïdal et en phase avec la tension.The invention therefore provides an AC / DC converter corrected for power factor, in which consequently the primary current is sinusoidal and in phase with the voltage.
D'autres type d'interrupteurs commandés que des transistors MOS pourraient être envisagés. Toutefois, ces derniers présentent l'avantage d'être faciles à commander, et surtout d'accepter du courant dans les deux sens. Other types of controlled switches than MOS transistors could be envisaged. However, the latter have the advantage of being easy to control, and above all of accepting current in both directions.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1- Convertisseur de tension, électrique alternatif/continu comprenant un montage redresseur en pont (2) associé à un condensateur (1) et suivi d'un convertisseur continu/continu (3), caractérisé par le fait que ledit pont est formé d'interrupteurs commandés (6), et que ledit condensateur est disposé en amont du pont, en parallèle sur l'alimentation alternative. 2- Convertisseur de tension selon la revendication 1 , comprenant des moyens (4) pour mesurer la tension d'entrée, et des moyens (4) pour commander les interrupteurs (6) en fonction de cette tension.1- Voltage / AC / DC converter comprising a bridge rectifier assembly (2) associated with a capacitor (1) and followed by a DC / DC converter (3), characterized in that said bridge is formed of controlled switches (6), and that said capacitor is arranged upstream of the bridge, in parallel on the AC supply. 2- Voltage converter according to claim 1, comprising means (4) for measuring the input voltage, and means (4) for controlling the switches (6) as a function of this voltage.
3- Convertisseur de tension selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel lesdits interrupteurs commandés (6) sont des transistors MOS.3- Voltage converter according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein said controlled switches (6) are MOS transistors.
4- Procédé pour redresser une tension alternative fournie par des moyens générateurs de tension, caractérisé par le fait que l'on place, en parallèle sur les moyens générateurs, un condensateur (1 ) et un pont (2) d'interrupteurs commandés, que l'on commande lesdits interrupteurs en fonction de ladite tension alternative, et que l'on régule la tension en sortie du pont d'interrupteurs commandés à l'aide d'un convertisseur continu/continu (3).4- Method for rectifying an AC voltage supplied by voltage generator means, characterized in that a capacitor (1) and a bridge (2) of controlled switches are placed in parallel on the generator means, that said switches are controlled as a function of said alternating voltage, and that the voltage at the output of the bridge of switches controlled is regulated using a DC / DC converter (3).
5- Procédé selon la revendication 4, dans lequel on commute lesdits transistors MOS lors du passage à zéro de ladite tension alternative. 5- The method of claim 4, wherein said MOS transistors are switched during the zero crossing of said AC voltage.
EP99959494A 1998-12-23 1999-12-17 Ac/dc electric voltage converter Withdrawn EP1142096A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9816350 1998-12-23
FR9816350A FR2787945B1 (en) 1998-12-23 1998-12-23 AC / CONTINUOUS ELECTRIC VOLTAGE CONVERTER
PCT/FR1999/003187 WO2000039913A1 (en) 1998-12-23 1999-12-17 Ac/dc electric voltage converter

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1142096A1 true EP1142096A1 (en) 2001-10-10

Family

ID=9534420

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99959494A Withdrawn EP1142096A1 (en) 1998-12-23 1999-12-17 Ac/dc electric voltage converter

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1142096A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2787945B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000039913A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1345310A1 (en) * 2002-03-12 2003-09-17 STMicroelectronics N.V. Transformerless ac/dc-converter

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4819147A (en) * 1985-01-30 1989-04-04 Maxim Integrated Products Integrated AC to DC power supply
US5367448A (en) * 1992-08-07 1994-11-22 Carroll Lawrence B Three phase AC to DC power converter

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0039913A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2787945B1 (en) 2001-03-16
WO2000039913A1 (en) 2000-07-06
FR2787945A1 (en) 2000-06-30

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