EP1136214B1 - Mould for the production of ceramic mouldings - Google Patents
Mould for the production of ceramic mouldings Download PDFInfo
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- EP1136214B1 EP1136214B1 EP01105875A EP01105875A EP1136214B1 EP 1136214 B1 EP1136214 B1 EP 1136214B1 EP 01105875 A EP01105875 A EP 01105875A EP 01105875 A EP01105875 A EP 01105875A EP 1136214 B1 EP1136214 B1 EP 1136214B1
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- sintered metal
- press surface
- porosity
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- mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/34—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials
- B28B7/344—Moulds, cores, or mandrels of special material, e.g. destructible materials from absorbent or liquid- or gas-permeable materials, e.g. plaster moulds in general
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mold for the production of moldings from ceramic material, in particular bricks or roof tiles according to the preamble of claim 1.
- a mold is e.g. from US-A-4 531 705.
- Molds of this type are widely known and in use. In the manufacture of clay tiles, they also serve to shape and squeeze the moisture contained in the raw material, usually water. The exiting in the course of the pressing water must be dissipated through the parting line of the mold or the forming press surface is at least partially designed so that the water can flow through the mold through.
- press molds have prevailed whose pressing surfaces are made of gypsum.
- These plaster molds combine the ability to absorb and forward the water emerging during the pressing process from the ceramic material, with a good detachment behavior of the moldings from the pressing surface.
- a major disadvantage of these plaster molds is that they are subject to heavy wear due to the immanent material weakness of the plaster and therefore have only a short life.
- press molds for roof tiles made of chrome-nickel steel have been proposed, in which the water is released through the parting line. Although this allows the service life of the molds increase significantly, but these are much more expensive than plaster molds due to the more complex production.
- Object of the present invention is to propose a mold of the type described, which results in a long service life and can be prepared in a simple process with a predeterminable porosity.
- the sintered metal not only supportive function in the mold, but is shaping and serves at the same time for transporting the water emerging from the raw material during the pressing process through the shaping surface itself.
- Sintered metal can be produced in a targeted manner with an open-pored porosity and a permeability to liquids and gases which can be precisely predicted. Binders which are necessary for the shaping and production of the above-mentioned ceramic molds (DE 197 44 682 A1) and which impair the control of the porosity of the molds are not required.
- the pressing surface can therefore be variously adapted to the pressing process, such as the closing speed of the mold, the moisture content of the raw material, at the displacement or flow rate in the mold during compression of the Batzens and the different intensity of the liquid outlet from different sections of the molding. So it is conceivable from the outset to adapt the porosity and the transmittance of the sintered metal to the respective molding process by z. B. in expected large amounts of liquid due to a corresponding size of the shaped body, the porosity and / or the transmittance of the sintered metal can be set larger. This reduces the load on the pressing surface and extends the service life.
- the portions of the molded article which are voluminous and therefore contain a correspondingly larger amount of liquid, associated with areas of the pressing surface with greater transmissivity and / or greater porosity.
- the controllability of the porosity of the sintered metal makes it possible to adjust the porosity of portions of the pressing surface differently, thereby taking into account the different accumulation of water.
- a fine-pored surface can be selected in places with particularly high flow rate of the Batzens, whereby these sites receive a higher wear resistance.
- the pore size is expediently increased, whereby the water absorption capacity is increased. This results in better dimensional accuracy and surface quality in these areas of the molding.
- the areas where a large flow rate of the raw material is expected in the pressing operation are in the portion of the bead or the cover fold, while larger amounts of water leak in the area of the pleating during the pressing operation in the unit time. Accordingly, in a press mold according to the invention for the production of Falzdachziegeln the porosity of the sintered metal of the pressing surface is set.
- the ability of the mold for further transport of the liquid absorbed during the pressing process is favorably influenced.
- the porosity or the permeability for flowing media can increase or decrease continuously or stepwise. Overall, therefore, due to the proper control of the water attack over the entire pressing process, cracks in critical areas, e.g. in the tiling of roof tiles, be avoided. Also, the pressing becomes less sensitive to noise, e.g. in case of failure of the suction pump to suck the water, and thus increases the reliability.
- the sintered metal mold is much easier and less expensive to produce than the mold of SiC ceramic described above. Because the shaping can be carried out in a sintering process at significantly lower temperatures compared to a ceramic fire and there are less dying phenomena than to expect ceramic.
- Another advantage of the use of sintered metal is that compared to gypsum and ceramic material to the metals own toughness and thus lower risk of breakage. This is especially true when sintered metals with specifically high toughness and breaking strength are selected.
- According to press molds according to the invention achieve higher compression pressures and thus achieve water-poor blanks in addition to a higher compression and the consequent improved pressing of the liquid.
- a value of at least 25% and for the transmittance (flowability) in the range of 50 to 500 10 -7 m 2 can be regarded as useful as porosity.
- the transmittance of the pressing surface is determined essentially by the amount of negative pressure applied to the back of the die. However, it can also be influenced to some extent by making the sintered metal hydrophilic by means of an appropriate treatment.
- the hydrophilic behavior should be present at least over a certain depth starting from the pressing surface, in order to be able to thereby hold the porosity finer and thereby make the surface of the ceramic body to be shaped smooth. Subsequent to this area, an increase in the pore size, the porosity and / or the transmission capacity of the sintered metal can provide for an increased transportability.
- a partially existing lipophilic property of the sintered metal can also be used to selectively control the passability of the pressing surface in sections.
- the hydrophilic or lipophilic character of the sintered metal surface can be achieved by organic or inorganic coatings. Such coatings are known.
- a sintered metal is preferably bronze into consideration, however, in principle, the preparation of other metallic powders, eg. B. chrome-nickel steel conceivable.
- the material for the pressing surface of the mold for the latter are all possibilities of construction and function as before.
- cavities may be provided in which the discharged liquid collects and can be removed.
- the pressing surface may be further pressurized with compressed air or water pressure from the rear side by appropriate means to thereby promote the detachment of the molded body from the pressing surface, and the sintered metal also readily provides the electrical conductivity enabling the generation of an electric shock to prevent sticking of the ceramic material to the pressing surface.
- the mold with means which, in addition to the application of compressed air or water for the purpose of detachment promote the corresponding medium from the back of the pressing surface ago by the sintered metal to thereby clean the pores of the pressing surface and of flushing clogging particles of the ceramic material.
- the pressing surface forming part of the mold as a hollow body of sintered metal and to support this hollow body by a support structure.
- the sintered metal mold according to the invention may be constructed in one piece or from several individual parts. It is easy because of the ease of workability of the sintered metal to avoid even with a multi-part mold marks through the joints of the parts on the molding.
- a part of a press mold according to the invention for the production of a Falzdachziegels is shown schematically, here specifically a portion of the pressing surface for forming the roof tile base.
- the depth of the pressing surface is divided into three depth ranges 1, 2 and 3, in which the porosity of the mold is chosen differently.
- surface regions 4 and 5 are provided on the molding surface facing pressing surface 6, which in turn have a different porosity in the near-depth depth region 1.
- the porosity, ie the Pore size is divided into five stages a, b, c, d and e and decreases from the pore size a, coarse, gradual on the pore size e, fine, from.
- the central depth region 2 has an average porosity throughout and also the depth region 3 facing away from the molding surface has a continuously constant porosity, but from the coarse step a.
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Preßform zur Herstellung von Formlingen aus keramischem Material, insbesondere von Ziegeln oder Dachziegeln entsprechend dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Eine solche Preßform ist z.B. aus des US-A-4 531 705 bekannt.The invention relates to a mold for the production of moldings from ceramic material, in particular bricks or roof tiles according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a mold is e.g. from US-A-4 531 705.
Preßformen dieser Art sind vielfach bekannt und im Einsatz. Bei der Herstellung von Tondachziegeln dienen sie zugleich zur Formgebung und zum Auspressen der im Rohmaterial enthaltenen Feuchtigkeit, in der Regel Wasser. Das im Zuge des Preßvorgangs austretende Wasser muß über die Trennfuge der Preßform abgeführt werden oder die formgebende Preßfläche ist zumindest bereichsweise so gestaltet, daß das Wasser durch die Preßform hindurch abfließen kann.Molds of this type are widely known and in use. In the manufacture of clay tiles, they also serve to shape and squeeze the moisture contained in the raw material, usually water. The exiting in the course of the pressing water must be dissipated through the parting line of the mold or the forming press surface is at least partially designed so that the water can flow through the mold through.
Hierzu haben sich Preßformen durchgesetzt, deren Preßflächen aus Gips bestehen. Diese Gipsformen verbinden die Fähigkeit, das beim Preßvorgang aus dem Keramikmaterial austretende Wasser aufzunehmen und weiterzuleiten, mit einem guten Ablöseverhalten der Formlinge von der Preßfläche. Ein wesentlicher Nachteil dieser Gipsformen besteht darin, daß sie aufgrund der dem Gips immanenten Materialschwäche einem starken Verschleiß unterliegen und deshalb nur eine geringe Standzeit haben. Um diesbezüglich Abhilfe zu schaffen, sind auch schon Preßformen für Dachziegel aus Chrom-Nickel-Stahl vorgeschlagen worden, bei denen das Wasser über die Trennfuge freigesetzt wird. Damit läßt sich zwar die Standzeit der Preßformen erheblich steigern, jedoch sind diese aufgrund der aufwendigeren Herstellung wesentlich teurer als Gipsformen. Weiterhin sind auch Preßformen bekannt, deren formgebende Flächen aus offenporigem Siliziumkarbid (SiC) bestehen (DE 197 44 862 A1) und das Wasser durch die Preßform hindurch ableiten können. Auch diese Preßformen sind jedoch aufwendig in der Herstellung und daher teuer. Überdies ist die Möglichkeit ihrer Anpassung an Art und Feuchtegehalt des Rohmaterials der Formlinge beschränkt.For this purpose, press molds have prevailed whose pressing surfaces are made of gypsum. These plaster molds combine the ability to absorb and forward the water emerging during the pressing process from the ceramic material, with a good detachment behavior of the moldings from the pressing surface. A major disadvantage of these plaster molds is that they are subject to heavy wear due to the immanent material weakness of the plaster and therefore have only a short life. To remedy this situation, are Also press molds for roof tiles made of chrome-nickel steel have been proposed, in which the water is released through the parting line. Although this allows the service life of the molds increase significantly, but these are much more expensive than plaster molds due to the more complex production. Furthermore, press molds are known, the shaping surfaces of open-pore silicon carbide (SiC) exist (DE 197 44 862 A1) and can derive the water through the die through. However, these molds are expensive to manufacture and therefore expensive. Moreover, the possibility of their adaptation to the type and moisture content of the raw material of the moldings is limited.
Die Wahl eines Sintermetalls zur Ausbildung einer von einer elastischen Materialbahn abgedeckten formbestimmenden Preßfläche an einer Preßform zur Herstellung von Formlingen aus keramischem Material ist an sich bereits bekannt (DE-OS 24 28 652). Hierbei dient die aus Sintermetall bestehende Preßfläche aber nur zur Abstützung einer undurchlässigen elastischen Materialbahn, welche mit dem zu formenden Keramikmaterial in Kontakt gelangt, und zur Erzeugung bzw. Aufrechterhaltung eines Vakuums zwischen der Preßfläche und der elastischen Materialbahn. An die Aufnahme und den Abtransport der aus dem keramischen Rohmaterial austretenden Flüssigkeit ist nicht gedacht. Daher muß die Ausbildung der Preßform aus Sintermetall auch auf eine Preßformhälfte beschränkt bleiben.The choice of a sintered metal to form a covered by an elastic material web shape-determining pressing surface on a mold for the production of moldings of ceramic material is already known per se (DE-OS 24 28 652). Here, however, the sintered metal pressing surface serves only to support an impermeable elastic material web, which comes into contact with the ceramic material to be molded, and for generating or maintaining a vacuum between the pressing surface and the elastic material web. The absorption and removal of the liquid emerging from the ceramic raw material is not intended. Therefore, the formation of the sintered metal mold must be limited to a Preßformhälfte.
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Preßform der beschriebenen Art vorzuschlagen, die eine hohe Standzeit ergibt und in einem einfachen Verfahren mit einer vorbestimmbaren Porosität hergestellt werden kann.Object of the present invention is to propose a mold of the type described, which results in a long service life and can be prepared in a simple process with a predeterminable porosity.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anpruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen dargestellt.This object is solved by the features of Anpruchs 1. Further embodiments are shown in the subclaims.
Erfindungsgemäß hat das Sintermetall nicht nur Stützfunktion in der Preßform, sondern ist formgebend und dient zugleich zum Abtransport des beim Preßvorgang aus dem Rohmaterial austretenden Wassers durch die formgebende Fläche selbst. Sintermetall läßt sich gezielt mit einer offenporigen Porosität und einer Durchlaßfähigkeit für Flüssigkeiten und Gase herstellen, die genau vorherbestimmbar sind. Bindemittel, die zur Formgebung und Herstellung der oben genannten Preßformen aus Keramikmaterial (DE 197 44 682 A1) erforderlich sind und die Steuerung der Porosität der Preßformen beeinträchtigen, sind nicht erforderlich. Die Preßfläche läßt sich daher vielfältig an den Preßvorgang, z.B. die Schließgeschwindigkeit der Preßform, an den Feuchtegehalt des Rohmaterials, an dessen Verschiebe- oder Fließgeschwindigkeit in der Preßform beim Zusammenpressen des Batzens und an die unterschiedliche Intensität des Flüssigkeitsaustritts aus verschiedenen Abschnitten des Formlings anpassen. So ist es denkbar, von vornherein die Porosität und das Durchlaßvermögen des Sintermetalls an den jeweiligen Formprozeß anzupassen, indem z. B. bei zu erwartenden großen Flüssigkeitsmengen aufgrund einer entsprechenden Größe des Formkörpers die Porosität und/oder das Durchlaßvermögen des Sintermetalls größer eingestellt werden. Dadurch wird die Belastung der Preßfläche verringert und die Standzeit verlängert.According to the invention, the sintered metal not only supportive function in the mold, but is shaping and serves at the same time for transporting the water emerging from the raw material during the pressing process through the shaping surface itself. Sintered metal can be produced in a targeted manner with an open-pored porosity and a permeability to liquids and gases which can be precisely predicted. Binders which are necessary for the shaping and production of the above-mentioned ceramic molds (DE 197 44 682 A1) and which impair the control of the porosity of the molds are not required. The pressing surface can therefore be variously adapted to the pressing process, such as the closing speed of the mold, the moisture content of the raw material, at the displacement or flow rate in the mold during compression of the Batzens and the different intensity of the liquid outlet from different sections of the molding. So it is conceivable from the outset to adapt the porosity and the transmittance of the sintered metal to the respective molding process by z. B. in expected large amounts of liquid due to a corresponding size of the shaped body, the porosity and / or the transmittance of the sintered metal can be set larger. This reduces the load on the pressing surface and extends the service life.
So wird den Abschnitten des herzustellenden Formlings, die voluminöser sind und daher eine entsprechend größere Flüssigkeitsmenge enthalten, Bereiche der Preßfläche mit größerem Durchlaßvermögen und/oder größerer Porosität zugeordnet. Die Steuerbarkeit der Porosität des Sintermetalls erlaubt es, die Porosität von Teilbereichen der Preßfläche unterschiedlich einzustellen, um dadurch dem unterschiedlichen Anfall an Wasser Rechnung zu tragen. So kann an Stellen mit besonders hoher Fließgeschwindigkeit des Batzens eine feinporige Oberfläche gewählt werden, wodurch diese Stellen eine höhere Verschleißfestigkeit erhalten. An anderen Stellen, an denen es zu Wasseransammlungen während des Preßvorgangs kommen kann, ist zweckmäßigerweise die Porengröße erhöht, wodurch die Wasseraufnahmefähigkeit gesteigert wird. Das ergibt in diesen Bereichen eine bessere Formtreue und Oberflächengüte des Formlings. Bei Falzdachziegeln liegen die Bereiche, an denen eine große Fließgeschwindigkeit des Rohmaterials beim Preßvorgang zu erwarten ist, in dem Abschnitt des Wulstes bzw. des Deckfalzes, während im Bereich der Verfalzung beim Preßvorgang in der Zeiteinheit größere Wassermengen austreten. Dem entsprechend ist bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Preßform zur Herstellung von Falzdachziegeln die Porosität des Sintermetalls der Preßfläche eingestellt.Thus, the portions of the molded article, which are voluminous and therefore contain a correspondingly larger amount of liquid, associated with areas of the pressing surface with greater transmissivity and / or greater porosity. The controllability of the porosity of the sintered metal makes it possible to adjust the porosity of portions of the pressing surface differently, thereby taking into account the different accumulation of water. Thus, a fine-pored surface can be selected in places with particularly high flow rate of the Batzens, whereby these sites receive a higher wear resistance. At other locations where accumulation of water may occur during the pressing operation, the pore size is expediently increased, whereby the water absorption capacity is increased. This results in better dimensional accuracy and surface quality in these areas of the molding. In folded roof tiles, the areas where a large flow rate of the raw material is expected in the pressing operation are in the portion of the bead or the cover fold, while larger amounts of water leak in the area of the pleating during the pressing operation in the unit time. Accordingly, in a press mold according to the invention for the production of Falzdachziegeln the porosity of the sintered metal of the pressing surface is set.
Es ist erfindungsgemäß möglich, die Porosität und das Durchlaßvermögen des Sintermetalls über die Tiefe des die Preßfläche bildenden Preßformkörpers zu variieren, ausgehend von der Preßfläche z. B. zunehmen zu lassen. Dadurch wird die Fähigkeit der Preßform zur Weiterbeförderung der im Zuge des Preßvorgangs aufgenommenen Flüssigkeit günstig beeinflußt. Die Porosität bzw. das Durchlaßvermögen für strömende Medien kann dabei kontinuierlich oder stufenweise zu- bzw. abnehmen. Insgesamt können somit durch die einwandfreie Beherrschung des Wasseranfalls über den ganzen Preßvorgang hinweg Anrisse in kritischen Bereichen, z.B. in der Verfalzung von Dachziegeln, vermieden werden. Auch wird der Preßvorgang unempfindlicher gegen Störungen, z.B. bei einem Ausfall der Saugpumpe zum Absaugen des Wassers, und damit die Betriebssicherheit erhöht.It is according to the invention possible to vary the porosity and the transmission capability of the sintered metal over the depth of the pressing surface forming molding body, starting from the pressing surface z. B. increase. As a result, the ability of the mold for further transport of the liquid absorbed during the pressing process is favorably influenced. The porosity or the permeability for flowing media can increase or decrease continuously or stepwise. Overall, therefore, due to the proper control of the water attack over the entire pressing process, cracks in critical areas, e.g. in the tiling of roof tiles, be avoided. Also, the pressing becomes less sensitive to noise, e.g. in case of failure of the suction pump to suck the water, and thus increases the reliability.
Allen Herstellungsparametern gemeinsam ist die Erzeugung einer definierten Mikrooberfläche auf dem gepreßten Rohling.Common to all production parameters is the generation of a defined micro-surface on the pressed blank.
Die Sintermetall-Preßform ist deutlich einfacher und mit geringerem Aufwand herzustellen als die eingangs beschriebene Preßform aus SiC-Keramik. Denn die Formgebung kann in einem Sintervorgang bei merklich niedrigeren Temperaturen im Vergleich zu einem Keramikbrand durchgeführt werden und es sind geringere Schwinderscheinungen als bei Keramik zu erwarten. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Verwendung von Sintermetall besteht darin, daß gegenüber Gips und keramischem Material eine den Metallen eigene Zähigkeit und damit geringere Bruchgefahr besteht. Das gilt insbesondere, wenn Sintermetalle mit gezielt sehr hoher Zähigkeit und Bruchfestigkeit ausgewählt werden. Somit lassen sich mit erfindungsgemäßen Preßformen höhere Preßdrücke erreichen und folglich neben einer höheren Verdichtung und dem dadurch bedingten verbesserten Auspressen der Flüssigkeit wasserärmere Rohlinge erzielen.The sintered metal mold is much easier and less expensive to produce than the mold of SiC ceramic described above. Because the shaping can be carried out in a sintering process at significantly lower temperatures compared to a ceramic fire and there are less dying phenomena than to expect ceramic. Another advantage of the use of sintered metal is that compared to gypsum and ceramic material to the metals own toughness and thus lower risk of breakage. This is especially true when sintered metals with specifically high toughness and breaking strength are selected. Thus can be with According to press molds according to the invention achieve higher compression pressures and thus achieve water-poor blanks in addition to a higher compression and the consequent improved pressing of the liquid.
In der Regel wird als Porosität ein Wert von mindestens 25% und für das Durchlaßvermögen (Durchströmbarkeit) im Bereich von 50 bis 500 10-7 m2 als brauchbar angesehen werden können.As a rule, a value of at least 25% and for the transmittance (flowability) in the range of 50 to 500 10 -7 m 2 can be regarded as useful as porosity.
Das Durchlaßvermögen der Preßfläche wird im wesentlichen durch das Ausmaß eines auf der Rückseite der Preßform angelegten Unterdrucks bestimmt. Es kann aber zu einem Teil auch dadurch beeinflußt werden, daß durch eine entsprechende Behandlung das Sintermetall hydrophil gemacht wird. Das hydrophile Verhalten sollte zumindest über eine gewisse Tiefe ausgehend von der Preßfläche vorliegen, um hierdurch die Porosität feiner halten zu können und dadurch die Oberfläche des zu formenden Keramikkörpers glatt erscheinen zu lassen. Anschließend an diesen Bereich kann durch eine Steigerung der Porengröße, der Porosität und/oder des Durchlaßvermögens des Sintermetalls für eine gesteigerte Transportfähigkeit gesorgt sein. Auch eine abschnittsweise vorhandene lipophile Eigenschaft des Sintermetalls kann dazu herangezogen werden, die Durchlaßfähigkeit der Preßfläche gezielt abschnittsweise zu steuern. Der hydrophile bzw, lipophile Charakter der Sintermetalloberfläche kann durch organische oder anorganische Überzüge erzielt werden. Solche Überzüge sind bekannt.The transmittance of the pressing surface is determined essentially by the amount of negative pressure applied to the back of the die. However, it can also be influenced to some extent by making the sintered metal hydrophilic by means of an appropriate treatment. The hydrophilic behavior should be present at least over a certain depth starting from the pressing surface, in order to be able to thereby hold the porosity finer and thereby make the surface of the ceramic body to be shaped smooth. Subsequent to this area, an increase in the pore size, the porosity and / or the transmission capacity of the sintered metal can provide for an increased transportability. A partially existing lipophilic property of the sintered metal can also be used to selectively control the passability of the pressing surface in sections. The hydrophilic or lipophilic character of the sintered metal surface can be achieved by organic or inorganic coatings. Such coatings are known.
Weiterhin kann auch daran gedacht werden, zur Beeinflussung des Ablöseverhaltens des Formlings bei der Entformung die Sintermetall-Oberfläche zu hydrophobieren. Auch hierfür stehen bekannte Hydrophobiermittel zur Verfügung, z.B. Silikonverbindungen.Furthermore, it can also be thought to hydrophobize the sintered metal surface to influence the release behavior of the molding during demolding. Again, known water repellents are available, e.g. Silicone compounds.
Als Sintermetall kommt bevorzugt Bronze in Betracht, jedoch ist grundsätzlich die Herstellung auch aus anderen metallischen Pulvern, z. B. Chrom-Nickel-Stahl denkbar.As a sintered metal is preferably bronze into consideration, however, in principle, the preparation of other metallic powders, eg. B. chrome-nickel steel conceivable.
Abgesehen von der erfindungsgemäßen Bestimmung des Werkstoffes für die Preßfläche der Preßform bestehen für letztere alle Möglichkeiten des Aufbaus und der Funktion wie bisher. So können unter der Preßfläche Hohlräume vorgesehen sein, in denen sich die abgeführte Flüssigkeit sammelt und abtransportiert werden kann. Die Preßfläche kann weiterhin von der Rückseite her durch entsprechende Einrichtungen mit Druckluft oder Wasserdruck beaufschlagt werden, um dadurch das Ablösen des geformten Körpers von der Preßfläche zu fördern, und das Sintermetall liefert auch ohne weiteres die elektrische Leitfähigkeit, die die Erzeugung eines Elektroschocks ermöglicht, um ein Ankleben des Keramikmaterials an der Preßfläche zu verhindern. Weiterhin ist es auch möglich, die Preßform mit Einrichtungen zu verbinden, die zusätzlich zu der Beaufschlagung mittels Druckluft oder Wasser zum Zweck der Ablösung das entsprechende Medium von der Rückseite der Preßfläche her durch das Sintermetall fördern, um die Poren der Preßfläche dadurch zu reinigen und von zusetzenden Teilchen des Keramikmaterials freizuspülen. Schließlich ist es auch zweckmäßig, den die Preßfläche bildenden Teil der Preßform als Hohlkörper aus Sintermetall zu gestalten und diesen Hohlkörper durch eine Tragkonstruktion zu unterstützen.Apart from the determination according to the invention of the material for the pressing surface of the mold for the latter are all possibilities of construction and function as before. Thus, under the pressing surface cavities may be provided in which the discharged liquid collects and can be removed. The pressing surface may be further pressurized with compressed air or water pressure from the rear side by appropriate means to thereby promote the detachment of the molded body from the pressing surface, and the sintered metal also readily provides the electrical conductivity enabling the generation of an electric shock to prevent sticking of the ceramic material to the pressing surface. Furthermore, it is also possible to connect the mold with means which, in addition to the application of compressed air or water for the purpose of detachment promote the corresponding medium from the back of the pressing surface ago by the sintered metal to thereby clean the pores of the pressing surface and of flushing clogging particles of the ceramic material. Finally, it is also expedient to make the pressing surface forming part of the mold as a hollow body of sintered metal and to support this hollow body by a support structure.
Die erfindungsgemäße Preßform aus Sintermetall kann einteilig oder aus mehreren Einzelteilen aufgebaut sein. Dabei ist es aufgrund der leichten Bearbeitbarkeit des Sintermetalls einfach, auch bei einer mehrteiligen Preßform Markierungen durch die Stoßstellen der Teile an dem Formling zu vermeiden.The sintered metal mold according to the invention may be constructed in one piece or from several individual parts. It is easy because of the ease of workability of the sintered metal to avoid even with a multi-part mold marks through the joints of the parts on the molding.
In der beigefügten Zeichnung ist schematisch ein Teil einer erfindungsgemäßen Preßform zur Herstellung eines Falzdachziegels gezeigt, hier konkret ein Abschnitt der Preßfläche zur Ausbildung der Dachziegelunterseite. Die Tiefe der Preßfläche ist unterteilt in drei Tiefenbereiche 1, 2 und 3, in denen die Porosität der Preßform unterschiedlich gewählt ist. Weiterhin sind Oberflächenbereiche 4 und 5 auf der dem Formling zugewendeten Preßfläche 6 vorgesehen, die wiederum in dem oberflächennahen Tiefenbereich 1 eine unterschiedliche Porosität haben. Die Porosität, d.h. die Porengröße, ist in fünf Stufen a,b,c,d und e eingeteilt und sinkt von der Porengröße a, grob, stufenweise auf die Porengröße e, fein, ab. Aus der Eintragung dieser Porositätsstufen ist erkennbar, daß im Bereich des den Wulst des Dachziegels formenden Flächenabschnitts 4 die Porosität sehr fein gewählt ist, während in dem Abschnitt 5, durch den eine Falzrippe geformt wird, die Porosität grob und daher sehr aufnahmefähig ist. Der mittlere Tiefenbereich 2 hat durchgehend eine mittlere Porosität und ebenso weist der von der Formfläche abgewandte Tiefenbereich 3 eine durchgehend gleichbleibende Porosität, jedoch von der Grobstufe a auf.In the accompanying drawing, a part of a press mold according to the invention for the production of a Falzdachziegels is shown schematically, here specifically a portion of the pressing surface for forming the roof tile base. The depth of the pressing surface is divided into three depth ranges 1, 2 and 3, in which the porosity of the mold is chosen differently. Furthermore,
Claims (12)
- Mould for the production of mouldings made of ceramic material, in particular of tiles or roof tiles, of which the press surface determining the shape and coming in direct contact with the ceramic material is made of an open-pored sintered metal,
characterised in thata) the porosity and/or the permeability of the sintered metal can change over the depth of the sintered metal body forming the press surface
and/orb) the press surface exhibits areas of different porosity and/or different permeability capacity. - Mould according to Claim 1, characterised in that the porosity of the sintered metal amounts to 25 to 50%.
- Mould according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the permeability of the press surface is 50 to 500 10-7 m2.
- Mould according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that the porosity and/or permeability increases over the depth of the sintered metal body forming the press surface.
- Mould according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the sintered metal is hydrophilically treated at least in the area of the press surface.
- Mould according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the sintered metal is lipophilically or hydrophobically treated at least in the area of the press surface.
- Mould according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the press surface is formed by a sintered metal layer, of which the surface facing away from the press surface is connected to at least one space for the removal of the flowing medium emerging from the ceramic material during the moulding process.
- Mould according to Claim 7, characterised in that the press surface is formed by a hollow body made of sintered metal.
- Mould according to Claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the space serving for removal is designed at the same time for the supply of compressed air or water under pressure for the purpose of releasing the moulds from the press surface.
- Mould according to one of the foregoing claims, characterised in that areas of the press surface with greater porosity and/or greater permeability capacity are allocated to the sections of greater volume of the moulding which is to be formed.
- Mould according to one of Claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the sintered metal is a metal of high toughness and breaking strength.
- Mould according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterised in that a defined micro-surface of the mould which is to be produced is attained by the selection of an appropriate porosity of the mould surface.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10012196A DE10012196A1 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2000-03-13 | Press mold for the production of moldings from ceramic material |
| DE10012196 | 2000-03-13 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1136214A2 EP1136214A2 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
| EP1136214A3 EP1136214A3 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| EP1136214B1 true EP1136214B1 (en) | 2006-04-12 |
Family
ID=7634554
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01105875A Expired - Lifetime EP1136214B1 (en) | 2000-03-13 | 2001-03-09 | Mould for the production of ceramic mouldings |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1136214B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE322965T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10012196A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005007909A1 (en) * | 2005-02-08 | 2006-08-10 | Rennebeck, Klaus, Dr. | Manufacturing device for molded ceramic parts has at least one part of the mold made so that fluid can enter and leave through several apertures |
| FR2901783B1 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2008-09-26 | Lifco Ind Sarl | MOLD, PARTICULARLY GLASS MOLD, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A MOLD |
| DE102011106218B3 (en) | 2011-06-07 | 2012-10-04 | Etex Holding GmbH | A clay roof tile mold and method of making a mold for making clay roof tiles by wet pressing |
| AT518323B1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2018-03-15 | Wienerberger Ag | Mold for roof tiles |
| DE102020004788A1 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2022-01-27 | Hochschule Mittweida (Fh) | Mold for pressing moldings for the production of artificial stones from ceramic material |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE864674C (en) * | 1951-11-22 | 1953-01-26 | Johannes Dr Knappstein | Compression mold |
| DE1808391A1 (en) * | 1968-11-12 | 1970-05-27 | Dr Guenther Will | Porous cast articles from acrylic and other polymers |
| JPS6046213A (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1985-03-13 | Takeo Nakagawa | Mold for vacuum molding and manufacture thereof |
| FR2674172B1 (en) * | 1991-03-21 | 1993-06-18 | Ind Regionale Batiment | PRESSING MOLD FOR PRODUCING ARTICLES OBTAINED FROM A MOLDABLE MATERIAL IN THE FORM OF WET PULP. |
| DE19857187A1 (en) * | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-15 | Willi Roth | Mold for making porcelain or ceramic article for home, restaurant, hotel, electrical and laboratory use by throwing, spraying or slip casting consists of finely porous, sintered or foamed ceramic or glass material |
-
2000
- 2000-03-13 DE DE10012196A patent/DE10012196A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-03-09 EP EP01105875A patent/EP1136214B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-09 DE DE50109472T patent/DE50109472D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-03-09 AT AT01105875T patent/ATE322965T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1136214A3 (en) | 2003-05-07 |
| DE50109472D1 (en) | 2006-05-24 |
| ATE322965T1 (en) | 2006-04-15 |
| EP1136214A2 (en) | 2001-09-26 |
| DE10012196A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
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