EP1130320A1 - Control system for boilers - Google Patents

Control system for boilers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1130320A1
EP1130320A1 EP00200749A EP00200749A EP1130320A1 EP 1130320 A1 EP1130320 A1 EP 1130320A1 EP 00200749 A EP00200749 A EP 00200749A EP 00200749 A EP00200749 A EP 00200749A EP 1130320 A1 EP1130320 A1 EP 1130320A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
control
fan
value
boilers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00200749A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1130320B1 (en
Inventor
Giorgio Ing. Pastorino
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Riello SpA
Original Assignee
Iaber SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Iaber SpA filed Critical Iaber SpA
Priority to AT00200749T priority Critical patent/ATE350625T1/en
Priority to ES00200749T priority patent/ES2277584T3/en
Priority to DE60032725T priority patent/DE60032725T2/en
Priority to EP00200749A priority patent/EP1130320B1/en
Priority to CNB011109785A priority patent/CN1185442C/en
Publication of EP1130320A1 publication Critical patent/EP1130320A1/en
Priority to HK03104773.2A priority patent/HK1053350B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1130320B1 publication Critical patent/EP1130320B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/26—Details
    • F23N5/265—Details using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
    • F23N1/10—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water and with air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/20—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays
    • F23N5/203—Systems for controlling combustion with a time programme acting through electrical means, e.g. using time-delay relays using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/12—Burner simulation or checking
    • F23N2227/16—Checking components, e.g. electronic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/02—Ventilators in stacks
    • F23N2233/04—Ventilators in stacks with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/12—Fuel valves
    • F23N2235/16—Fuel valves variable flow or proportional valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements

Definitions

  • the system for the combined adjustment of air and gas for the control of the combustion and for an optimum efficiency at variable thermal loads in gas-fired boilers can be used on a wide range of boilers, thanks to some simplifications compared with the systems previously adopted.
  • the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1.
  • the fan speed is calculated in order to achieve the required capacity.
  • the fan speed is controlled by means of an adjustment system PID B to assure the steadiness of the required speed using as feedback signal the vacuum existing in the combustion chamber sensed by the analogue pressure switch P.A.D..
  • control originates the current value to be sent to the modulator so that a constant and optimum air-gas ratio is achieved. This assures the combustion with emission values within the required limits while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load.
  • thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety.
  • the burner as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system.
  • Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat then places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
  • Fig. 2 also shows the block A.C.F. that checks the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
  • Fig. 3 shows the functional diagram of such system.
  • T represents the value for sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1.
  • T (SS) represents the value of the water temperature detected by sensor S1.
  • error e(T) is applied to a control system PID represented by blocks Kp e(T), Ki Int[e(T)], Kd d[e(T)]e A2 in order to obtain the value V(H) representing the value of the required vacuum in the combustion chamber of the thermal load.
  • This value is compared in the sum block A4 with the feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. corresponding to the value of vacuum actually created by the fan.
  • the feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. is also used as input of the block T generating I(mod), the modulator current value, according to a predetermined curve correlating Vc(mod) to I(mod) in order to maintain the ratio air (produced by the fan at a speed VF) and gas (produced by the modulator with a current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions.
  • the current of value I(mod) applied to the modulator of the gas valve produces the actual pressure P (gas) in the combustion chamber.
  • the burner thermostat (THERM BURN) turns on and provides to switch-off the burner thus bringing the boiler to safety shutdown
  • the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1.
  • the fan speed is calculated in order to obtain a steady air-gas ratio and to assure the combustion with emission values within the required limits, while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load
  • the fan Upon demand of heat, the fan is started at the maximum speed in order to assure the connection of the differential pressure switch and, therefore, to check the correct operation of the fan/flue-gas-exhausting system.
  • the underpression in the combustion chamber is constantly monitored. If the vacuum value decreases under a pre-determined limit, the pressure switch P.D. gives no longer its consent and, therefore, the boiler is turned off.
  • thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety.
  • the burner as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system
  • Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat, therefore, places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
  • Fig. 5 also shows the block A.C.F. that check the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
  • Fig. 6 shows the functional diagram of such system.
  • T(PTS) represents the value of sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1.
  • T(SS) represents the water temperature value detected by sensor S1.
  • the Value V(Fan) is also used as input of the block T that produces I(Mod), the modulator current value, according to a pre-determined curve correlating V(Fan) to I(mod) in order to maintain the air-gas ratio produced by the modulator with current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions.
  • the current value I(mod) applied to the gas valve modulator produces the actual pressure P(gas) in the combustion chamber.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Flow Control (AREA)

Abstract

The system for the combined adjustment of air and gas, for the control of combustion and for an optimum efficiency at variable thermal loads in gas-fired boilers, can be used on a wide range of boilers.
At the starting of the boiler, a control and adaptation cycle of the fan system, air sensor and flue-gas exhaust is carried out; if these tests give satisfactory results, the machine is started.
The system offers two different types of control: simplified and complete.

Description

  • The system for the combined adjustment of air and gas for the control of the combustion and for an optimum efficiency at variable thermal loads in gas-fired boilers can be used on a wide range of boilers, thanks to some simplifications compared with the systems previously adopted.
    • 1. Description a) Complete Control
  • The main components of this control (fig. 1) are the following:
    • Sensor for detection of water temperature S1 (40).
    • Potentiometer for setting the required temperature P1 (PTS sanitary temperature, PTR ambient heating).
    • Fan (FAN)(36) whose speed is controlled by the mP-based control boar
    • Differential analogue pressure switch (P.A.D.)(39) for the control of the vacuum in the combustion chamber.
    • Gas modulator (MOD.)(41) controlled by the mP-based control board.
    • Safety thermostat placed on the burner.
  • At the starting of the boiler, a control and adaptation cycle of the fan system, air sensor and flue-gas exhaust is carried out.
    The operations performed are the following:
    • The signal value generated by P.A.D. is checked. Such signal shall not exceed a fixed value. This operation assures that there is no upwind or a possible failure in the sensor/electronic system.
    • In case the above check is satisfactory, the fan is started. The P.A.D. signal shall be greater than the above value plus a pre-determined constant in order to assure the correct presence of vacuum in combustion chambers and the adaptation of the fan speed to the flue-gas exhausting system.
    • Should this check also give satisfactory results, the burner is start
    • During the operation, the underpression in the combustion chamber is constantly monitored. If the vacuum value decreases under a pre-determined limit, the burner is turned off.
  • According to the plan in fig. 2, the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1. As a function of the difference between these values, the fan speed is calculated in order to achieve the required capacity. The fan speed is controlled by means of an adjustment system PID B to assure the steadiness of the required speed using as feedback signal the vacuum existing in the combustion chamber sensed by the analogue pressure switch P.A.D..
  • As a function of this vacuum the control originates the current value to be sent to the modulator so that a constant and optimum air-gas ratio is achieved. This assures the combustion with emission values within the required limits while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load.
  • The addition of a thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety. Actually the burner, as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system.
  • Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat then places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
  • Fig. 2 also shows the block A.C.F. that checks the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
  • Fig. 3 shows the functional diagram of such system.
  • In this diagram T (PTS) represents the value for sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1. T (SS) represents the value of the water temperature detected by sensor S1. These values are compared in the sum block A1 and the result, error e(T), is applied to a control system PID represented by blocks Kp e(T), Ki Int[e(T)], Kd d[e(T)]e A2 in order to obtain the value V(H) representing the value of the required vacuum in the combustion chamber of the thermal load.
  • This value is compared in the sum block A4 with the feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. corresponding to the value of vacuum actually created by the fan. The result, error e(H), is applied to a control system PID, represented by blocks Kp e(H), Ki Int[e(T)], Kd d[e(T)]dt and to block V(F)=f[e(H)] in order to obtain VF, representing the required fan speed needed by the fan to produce the required vacuum in the combustion chamber.
  • The feedback value Vc(H) originated by P.A.D. is also used as input of the block T generating I(mod), the modulator current value, according to a predetermined curve correlating Vc(mod) to I(mod) in order to maintain the ratio air (produced by the fan at a speed VF) and gas (produced by the modulator with a current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions. The current of value I(mod) applied to the modulator of the gas valve produces the actual pressure P (gas) in the combustion chamber.
  • In case of burner overheating due to bad combustion with out-of-standard emissions, the burner thermostat (THERM BURN) turns on and provides to switch-off the burner thus bringing the boiler to safety shutdown
    • b) Simplified control
  • The main components of this control, as represented in fig. 4, are:
    • Sensor for detection of water temperature S1 (40).
    • Potentiometer for setting the required temperature P1 (PTS sanitary temperature, PTR ambient heating).
    • Fan (FAN)(36) whose speed is controlled by the mP-based control board
    • Minimum differential pressure switch (P.D.)(39) for the control of the vacuum in the combustion chamber.
    • Gas modulator (MOD.)(41) controlled by the mP-based control board.
    • Safety thermostat placed on the burner.
  • According to the plan of Fig. 5, the required temperature is selected by means of a potentiometer P1 and is compared in the circuit PID A with the temperature detected by sensor S1. As a function of the difference between these values, the fan speed is calculated in order to obtain a steady air-gas ratio and to assure the combustion with emission values within the required limits, while maintaining an optimum efficiency at any thermal load
  • At every starting of the boiler, a control cycle of the fan system, air sensor and flue-gas exhaust is carried out.
  • The value of the signal generated by P.D. is checked. Such signal shall not give its consent in the absence of fan operation; as a consequence there is no upwind or a possible failure in the pressure switch/electronic system.
  • Upon demand of heat, the fan is started at the maximum speed in order to assure the connection of the differential pressure switch and, therefore, to check the correct operation of the fan/flue-gas-exhausting system.
  • During the operation, the underpression in the combustion chamber is constantly monitored. If the vacuum value decreases under a pre-determined limit, the pressure switch P.D. gives no longer its consent and, therefore, the boiler is turned off.
  • The addition of a thermostat on the burner assures that the boiler is always operating within the required emission limits and in full safety. Actually the burner, as a function of its temperature, can stop the flame in case of an abnormal temperature rise due to a failure on the air or gas control system
  • Such thermostat is placed electrically in series to the already existing limit thermostat. An intervention of this thermostat, therefore, places the boiler in a status of involatile shutdown.
  • Fig. 5 also shows the block A.C.F. that check the presence of the flame and assures the safety functions by acting on the gas valve operating devices.
  • Fig. 6 shows the functional diagram of such system.
  • In this diagram T(PTS) represents the value of sanitary (or ambient heating) temperature required and determined by potentiometer P1. T(SS) represents the water temperature value detected by sensor S1. These values are compared in the sum block Al and the result, error e(T), is applied to a control system PID in order to obtain the value V(FAN) representing the value of the fan speed as a function of the demand of the thermal load.
  • This value (V(Fan)) applied to the fan (block V(F)=f[e(H)]) produces the actual speed VF.
  • The Value V(Fan) is also used as input of the block T that produces I(Mod), the modulator current value, according to a pre-determined curve correlating V(Fan) to I(mod) in order to maintain the air-gas ratio produced by the modulator with current I(mod) and to grant an optimum combustion while maintaining a steady thermal efficiency by varying loading conditions. The current value I(mod) applied to the gas valve modulator produces the actual pressure P(gas) in the combustion chamber.

Claims (6)

  1. It offers two different types of control: complete and simplified.
  2. It gives the opportunity to be applied to a wide range of boilers.
  3. It provides a greater constructive simplicity compared with the pre-existing systems for the adjustment of the air or gas stream.
  4. It provides a continuous monitoring cycle of vacuum in the combustion chamber.
  5. It provides the automatic shutdown of the burner when vacuum decreases under a pre-determined limit.
  6. The system operates in full safety conditions since it starts only after three cycles of different checks.
EP00200749A 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 Control system for boilers Expired - Lifetime EP1130320B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT00200749T ATE350625T1 (en) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 CONTROL SYSTEM FOR BOILER
ES00200749T ES2277584T3 (en) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 REGULATION SYSTEM FOR BOILERS.
DE60032725T DE60032725T2 (en) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 Control system for boiler
EP00200749A EP1130320B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 Control system for boilers
CNB011109785A CN1185442C (en) 2000-03-03 2001-03-05 Air-gas regulating system of boiler
HK03104773.2A HK1053350B (en) 2000-03-03 2003-07-04 A system for the adjustment of air and gas in boilers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP00200749A EP1130320B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 Control system for boilers

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1130320A1 true EP1130320A1 (en) 2001-09-05
EP1130320B1 EP1130320B1 (en) 2007-01-03

Family

ID=8171139

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00200749A Expired - Lifetime EP1130320B1 (en) 2000-03-03 2000-03-03 Control system for boilers

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1130320B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1185442C (en)
AT (1) ATE350625T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60032725T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2277584T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1053350B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1351019A3 (en) * 2002-04-02 2005-03-16 Siemens Building Technologies AG Process to check the operation of the regulation system of heating burner

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1332152C (en) * 2003-04-11 2007-08-15 株式会社庆东纳碧安 Air proportional boiler using air pressure sensor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0359315A (en) * 1989-07-28 1991-03-14 Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd Safety control device of combustion apparatus
NL9200825A (en) * 1992-05-08 1993-12-01 Fasto Nefit Bv Fan controller
EP0781966A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1997-07-02 Gastar Co., Ltd. Combustion equipment for judging abnormality or life
EP0909922A1 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-04-21 IABER S.p.A. Combined gas-air control system for controlling combustion in gas fired boilers

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0359315A (en) * 1989-07-28 1991-03-14 Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd Safety control device of combustion apparatus
NL9200825A (en) * 1992-05-08 1993-12-01 Fasto Nefit Bv Fan controller
EP0781966A1 (en) * 1994-08-31 1997-07-02 Gastar Co., Ltd. Combustion equipment for judging abnormality or life
EP0909922A1 (en) * 1997-10-17 1999-04-21 IABER S.p.A. Combined gas-air control system for controlling combustion in gas fired boilers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 212 (M - 1118) 30 May 1991 (1991-05-30) *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1351019A3 (en) * 2002-04-02 2005-03-16 Siemens Building Technologies AG Process to check the operation of the regulation system of heating burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HK1053350B (en) 2005-07-08
DE60032725T2 (en) 2007-10-04
EP1130320B1 (en) 2007-01-03
HK1053350A1 (en) 2003-10-17
DE60032725D1 (en) 2007-02-15
ES2277584T3 (en) 2007-07-16
ATE350625T1 (en) 2007-01-15
CN1185442C (en) 2005-01-19
CN1389680A (en) 2003-01-08

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