EP1129647A1 - Beheiztes oder gekühltes Polster - Google Patents

Beheiztes oder gekühltes Polster Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1129647A1
EP1129647A1 EP00301606A EP00301606A EP1129647A1 EP 1129647 A1 EP1129647 A1 EP 1129647A1 EP 00301606 A EP00301606 A EP 00301606A EP 00301606 A EP00301606 A EP 00301606A EP 1129647 A1 EP1129647 A1 EP 1129647A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
plenum
heat pump
cushion
pad
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00301606A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1129647B1 (de
Inventor
Steve Feher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP20000301606 priority Critical patent/EP1129647B1/de
Publication of EP1129647A1 publication Critical patent/EP1129647A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1129647B1 publication Critical patent/EP1129647B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
    • A47C7/62—Accessories for chairs
    • A47C7/72—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like
    • A47C7/74—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like for ventilation, heating or cooling
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C21/00—Attachments for beds, e.g. sheet holders, bed-cover holders; Ventilating, cooling or heating means in connection with bedsteads or mattresses
    • A47C21/04—Devices for ventilating, cooling or heating
    • A47C21/048—Devices for ventilating, cooling or heating for heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47C—CHAIRS; SOFAS; BEDS
    • A47C7/00—Parts, details, or accessories of chairs or stools
    • A47C7/62—Accessories for chairs
    • A47C7/72—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like
    • A47C7/74—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like for ventilation, heating or cooling
    • A47C7/748—Adaptations for incorporating lamps, radio sets, bars, telephones, ventilation, heating or cooling arrangements or the like for ventilation, heating or cooling for heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cushion, such as for use as a mattress or seat and backrest, for example, which presents an outer surface of selectively variable temperature and apparatus therefor including a heat pump for reducing cushion temperature operating on a Stirling cycle.
  • a cushion such as a seat and backrest in an automotive vehicle, for example, be capable of being selectively cooled or heated for the comfort of someone sitting or resting against the cushion.
  • a cushion such as a seat and backrest in an automotive vehicle
  • the seat and backrest construction includes a plenum for receiving temperature conditioned air, which construction is formed alternatively from either metal wire spring coils or relatively rigid plastic tubes with sidewall openings.
  • the seat construction must readily allow conditioned air to pass throughout the plenum not close off air flow to a significant extent from the weight of an individual sitting or leaning on the seating, and at the same time be comfortable.
  • automotive seat manufacturer's consider it undesirable that internal supports (e.g., spring coils) should produce a visible surface impression and in that way destroy design esthetics. It has been found in this regard to be self defeating to merely increase the thickness of a comfort layer located over wire springs or rigid plastic tubes since this reduces heat transference and thus overall operational efficiency.
  • internal supports e.g., spring coils
  • the term “cushion” will refer to a seat, a backrest or mattress-like item that has its temperature conditioned in accordance with and by use of the apparatus described.
  • a “seat”, “backrest” or “mattress pad” is specifically referred to, those terms will be used.
  • filaments of a strong and flexible synthetic resin material are used to form a plurality of loosely woven tubes held between a pair of similarly woven sheaths made from the same material.
  • a flexible porous and air permeable pad is provided which will be sufficiently rigid to resist closing off of the tubular chambers by someone leaning, sitting or lying on them and, in that way, enable conditioned air to pass along the tubular portions and outwardly through the woven walls to condition the surrounding area of the so-formed plenum within the cushion.
  • the tubes are constructed of woven plastic filaments, the filaments are not secured to one another at crossover points, but instead the filaments are free to slide across one another which results in more comfort to a user.
  • the cushion pad has air impermeable bottom and lateral sides while a loose woven textile top cover provides air permeability.
  • a layer of foam of low to medium density and of open cell variety is inserted between the textile covering and the cushion plenum structure described in the immediately preceding paragraphs.
  • the foam layer must be so constructed as to provide good air and vapor permeability.
  • a conditioned air inlet duct is affixed to the cushion rear edge and is formed to transmit the air along a predetermined number of separate channels into the cushion. Where a pair of cushions (e.g., seat and backrest) are to be provided with conditioned air, the duct provides separate multi-channel air streams to each cushion.
  • a cushion constructed of the referenced air permeable woven tubes can be sized to served as a mattress or pad to be placed over a conventional mattress of similar dimensions.
  • a heat pump preferably including a Stirling cycle conditioner is utilized for selectively reducing the temperature of pressurized air moved along a flexible hose to the cushion inlet duct.
  • a Stirling cycle conditioner can be shown to be 5-6 times more efficient than a thermoelectric cooling device, and less expensive to manufacture. Also, for a given amount of heat pumped, a Stirling pump is smaller than a corresponding thermoelectric unit and approximately the same in weight per unit heat pumped.
  • the Stirling heat pump preferably is a sealed free-piston unit including a pair of helical coil springs coaxial with a balancing mass for reducing undesirable vibration.
  • a ceramic or resistive PTC heater mounted to the conditioner warms the air during heating mode with the cooling parts of the conditioner maintained inoperative.
  • the heater has a heat exchanger constructed of pins or posts promoting more universally directed heat transference with the ambient air.
  • Condensate that collects on the cooling conditioner is allowed to follow a gravity path into a receiving trap, and then along a conduit to fall onto a felt pad.
  • An electrical heater evaporates the condensate from the felt into the ambient air.
  • FIG. 1 the invention is shown and described in connection with a pair of cushions 10 and 12 which are manufactured in accordance with the principles of the invention and are particularly adaptable for use in an automotive vehicle where the cushion 10 comprises a seat and the cushion 12 is a backrest. Construction of the two cushions 10 and 12 is identical, therefore, only the construction of cushion 10 will be given in detail.
  • cushion 10 is seen to include an outer lower layer 14 covering the cushion bottom, two lateral sides and rear side which can be made of any of a number of different materials with the primary physical characteristic being that it is impermeable to the passage of air and moisture therethrough.
  • An internal portion 16 to be more particularly described later forms a plenum for receiving temperature conditioned air and at the same time providing comfort and possessing necessary rigidity to prevent closing off all or any portion of the plenum during use.
  • the foam layer provides additional comfort to the user.
  • a woven textile cover or layer 20 which is sufficiently open-weave as to permit air and vapor to pass readily therethrough.
  • the seat cushion forms a plenum which in a way to be described receives pressurized conditioned air that exits through the permeable portions of the cushion not covered by the body of the user for warming or cooling, as the case may be.
  • the cushion 10 includes the impermeable layer 14 which covers the bottom surface and lateral sides of the cushion except for the front side. Similarly, there is outermost top textile layer 20, and an underlying foam pad 19.
  • the plenum interior between the foam pad 19 and the impermeable layer 14 is substantially filled with a tubular pad 32 including a plurality of tubular elements 34 extending parallel to each other and generally parallel to the foam pad 19 with the axial directions of each of the tubular elements extending from a rear side surface to the front side surface of the cushion for a purpose to be described.
  • the tubular elements are woven from resilient plastic filaments 36 and are arranged in edge contacting relationship forming a generally planar sheet of tubes.
  • the individual tubular elements are unitarily secured together by first and second open-weave layers 38 and 40 which can be constructed of the filaments 36 and are positioned on opposite sides of the tubular element plane and interwoven therewith.
  • first and second open-weave layers 38 and 40 which can be constructed of the filaments 36 and are positioned on opposite sides of the tubular element plane and interwoven therewith.
  • the tubular pad 32 just described provides not only a flexible and relatively soft layer upon which an individual can sit or lean against, but also one which will not have its tubular passages closed off during use. Moreover, the woven filament construction does not "mark" the top layer 20 giving an external appearance of the underlying coils.
  • a suitable material from which a tubular pad 32 can be made is manufactured by Tetko, Inc., Briarcliff Manor, New York and sold under the trade designation "Tubular Fabric”.
  • FIG. 3 shows an air inlet duct 42 for use in conducting and distributing temperature conditioned air to both a seat and backrest cushions 10 and 12 from a single heat pump 44, the latter to be described in detail later.
  • the duct is broken into four separate channels 46, 48, 49 and 50 for distribution into both the seat and the backrest at correspondingly different points measured across the width of the respective cushions.
  • the duct has a separation wall 52 such that the multiple channel delivery for the back rest is separate from the multiple channel delivery to the seat cushion (FIG. 1).
  • a flexible multiple channel conduit 53 has one end 54 which interconnects with the heat pump 44 for receiving a supply of conditioned air and an opposite end provided with a fitting 55 for releasably connecting with the duct 42.
  • the duct 42 has each of its channels provided with an individual supply of conditioned air.
  • the conditioned air inlet duct 42 is so arranged with respect to the cushions that an external entrance fitting 56, to which the flexible conduit fitting 55 for conducting conditioned air is connected, is located adjacent a lateral side of the cushion. This enables interconnection to the heat pump via the flexible hose in a manner that does not interfere with positioning of the seat and has been found highly convenient in use. Also, many of the present day automotive vehicles have a strip of cloth sewn into the bightline between the backrest and the seatrest and the asymmetrical positioning of the air inlet duct fitting reduces the possibility of interference on installation in that case.
  • the conditioned air flow is pressurized from the heat pump 44 along the flexible conduit hose to the air inlet duct 42 where it is separated by the intervening wall 52 into two substantially equal parts for transmission and distribution to the seatrest and backrest cushions. Finally, the conditioned air is broken into four substantially equal portions for each of the cushions and distributed along the cushion to the forward end in the case of the seat, and upwardly in the case of the backrest.
  • construction as described permits ready transfer of the conditioned air via convection through the cushion to play in relatively even and very small air streams onto an individual using the cushions.
  • thermoelectric device e.g., Peltier
  • the Stirling cycle heat pump 44 produces a "cold" end 58 while at the same time exiting air containing waste heat at a second or "hot” end 60 (FIG. 4).
  • the cold end 58 of the heat pump is seen to be enclosed by a plenum 61 also surrounding main heat exchanger fins 62 secured to the outermost surface of the cold end 58 in a good heat conducting relationship (e.g., brazing).
  • a main blower 64 consisting of a fan driven by an electric motor is affixed to the outer end of plenum 61 and pulls air away from the heat exchanger fins 62 which have been cooled by the heat pump and pressurizes the air for delivery via the flexible hose 66 to the cushions.
  • an auxiliary fan (not shown) is located within a further plenum in surrounding relationship to the "hot end" 60 of the heat pump. The purpose of the auxiliary fan is to remove waste heat that accumulates at the hot end and direct it externally of the heat pump (arrows, FIG. 4).
  • a ceramic or resistive heater 70 of the positive temperature coefficient category be located on the cold end 58 of the heat pump internally of the heat exchanger plenum 61.
  • a sufficient amount of electric current e.g., 100-150 watts
  • the main blower 64 then receiving heat from the heater 70 passes the heated air along the flexible hose 66 into the cushions along the same path as when used in the cooling mode.
  • FIG. 5 shows in sectional view the major parts of a Stirling device 44 useful in practicing the present invention.
  • the device includes a housing 72 enclosing a hermetically sealed chamber 74 filled with gas within which all of the moving parts are located.
  • a free piston 76 is resiliently mounted to the housing by spring 77 for movement toward and away from an internal orifice 78.
  • a magnet 80 and coil 82 surround the piston for driving the same on electric energization via leads 84 and 86.
  • a displacer 88 resiliently mounted by a spring 90 for restricted gas pressure induced movement toward and away from the orifice 78.
  • the coil 82 is electrically pulsed to produce reciprocal movement of the piston 76 which, in turn, moves pressurized gas through the orifice 78 to drive the displacer into the expansion space 92.
  • the piston is returned by spring 77 and the displacer is similarly returned by spring 90.
  • a condensation elimination means 94 (FIGS. 6 and 9) having a condensate trap 96 which includes an aluminum plate 98 onto a major surface of which a felt pad 100 is secured.
  • a ceramic or resistive heater 102 (preferably of the positive temperature coefficient variety which reduces the possibility of overheating) is located on the upper surface of the aluminum plate and interconnected with a suitable electric power source (not shown).
  • a drain means 108 (alternatively, a felt wick) interconnected with the interior of the loop or trap also feeds along a gravity path to empty the condensate directly onto the felt pad 100. In operation, condensate obtained by the trap and fed along the drain means to moisten the felt pad is then evaporated by the heater 102 so as to return the condensate to the ambient air.
  • the cushion 110 is constructed identically to the prior described cushion construction shown in detail in FIG. 2 in having a tubular pad 112, an overlying foam pad 114 with permeable upper layer 116, and impermeable outer layer sides and bottom 118, optionally, the foam pad 114 may be eliminated entirely.
  • the cushion 110 may be used as a separate and individual mattress or preferably as a pad that is placed on a conventional mattress 120 as shown in FIG. 10. More particularly, in this embodiment the cushion 110 is centrally located on a textile covering 122 such as a fitted sheet, for example, and fixedly secured in this position by layer 124 which is sewn or otherwise affixed to the covering 122. In the region of the cushion which would be opposite the feet of someone lying on it, the cushion is enclosed by a further layer 125 of material which would reduce the cooling effect in that area.
  • the cushion assembly is secured onto the mattress by use of an elastic band, sewing or other conventional securing means. Such a cushion is believed to be especially advantageous for medical use with bedridden patients. Conditioned air is provided to cushion 110 from a Stirling heat pump (not shown) via a suitable conduit in the same manner as in the previously described embodiments (FIG. 8).
  • FIG. 12 there is shown in sectional view an alternative version of Stirling cycle heat pump 130 having a vibration and noise retarding means 132.
  • a Stirling cycle heat pump including a free-acting piston is accompanied by a certain amount of vibration and noise which desirably is kept to a minimum where, as in the present invention, the heat pump is to be located within an automotive vehicle closely adjacent say, the front seat.
  • a cylindrical mass 134 having first and second axial extensions 136 and 138, respectively, held within first and second helical springs 140 and 142 is mounted within the heat pump outer housing 44, such that the extensions 136 and 138 are coaxial with the heat pump piston (not shown) path of movement.
  • vibratory movement and noise induced by operation of the pump piston is damped by counter inertial action of the mass 134.
  • FIG. 13 shows a modification of the "cold" end of the heat pump 44 to include a set of pinlike fins 146 serving to act as a further heat exchanger which has been found to be especially advantageous in improving efficiency of operation during heating by the PTC ceramic/resistor 70.
  • the pinlike shape is believed superior to normal flat fin shapes of conventional heat exchangers in more efficiently accommodating pressurized air moving therepast.

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  • Chair Legs, Seat Parts, And Backrests (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
EP20000301606 2000-02-29 2000-02-29 Beheiztes oder gekühltes Polster Expired - Lifetime EP1129647B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20000301606 EP1129647B1 (de) 2000-02-29 2000-02-29 Beheiztes oder gekühltes Polster

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20000301606 EP1129647B1 (de) 2000-02-29 2000-02-29 Beheiztes oder gekühltes Polster

Publications (2)

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EP1129647A1 true EP1129647A1 (de) 2001-09-05
EP1129647B1 EP1129647B1 (de) 2012-10-24

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EP20000301606 Expired - Lifetime EP1129647B1 (de) 2000-02-29 2000-02-29 Beheiztes oder gekühltes Polster

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014121273A2 (en) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-07 The Regents Of The University Of California Heated and cooled chair apparatus
CN110638248A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-01-03 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 一种自动陪伴床
WO2022051851A1 (en) * 2020-09-10 2022-03-17 Thuja Innovations Inc. Thermal comfort wheelchair backrest

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3903303A1 (de) * 1989-02-04 1990-08-09 Wilfried Wunderatzke Sitz, insbesondere fahrzeugsitz
US5002336A (en) 1989-10-18 1991-03-26 Steve Feher Selectively cooled or heated seat and backrest construction
US5524439A (en) * 1993-11-22 1996-06-11 Amerigon, Inc. Variable temperature seat climate control system
EP0811340A2 (de) 1996-06-03 1997-12-10 STRÄHLE & HESS GmbH Polstermaterial
DE19835887A1 (de) * 1998-08-07 1999-06-24 Torsten Gross Lüftung für Sitz- und Liegeflächen

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3903303A1 (de) * 1989-02-04 1990-08-09 Wilfried Wunderatzke Sitz, insbesondere fahrzeugsitz
US5002336A (en) 1989-10-18 1991-03-26 Steve Feher Selectively cooled or heated seat and backrest construction
US5524439A (en) * 1993-11-22 1996-06-11 Amerigon, Inc. Variable temperature seat climate control system
EP0811340A2 (de) 1996-06-03 1997-12-10 STRÄHLE & HESS GmbH Polstermaterial
DE19835887A1 (de) * 1998-08-07 1999-06-24 Torsten Gross Lüftung für Sitz- und Liegeflächen

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014121273A2 (en) * 2013-02-04 2014-08-07 The Regents Of The University Of California Heated and cooled chair apparatus
WO2014121273A3 (en) * 2013-02-04 2015-01-15 The Regents Of The University Of California Heated and cooled chair apparatus
US9155398B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2015-10-13 The Regents Of The University Of California Heated and cooled chair apparatus
US9833077B2 (en) 2013-02-04 2017-12-05 The Regents Of The University Of California Heated and cooled chair apparatus
CN110638248A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2020-01-03 中国人民解放军陆军军医大学第一附属医院 一种自动陪伴床
WO2022051851A1 (en) * 2020-09-10 2022-03-17 Thuja Innovations Inc. Thermal comfort wheelchair backrest

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1129647B1 (de) 2012-10-24

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