EP1127367A1 - High pressure sodium discharge lamp - Google Patents

High pressure sodium discharge lamp

Info

Publication number
EP1127367A1
EP1127367A1 EP99971579A EP99971579A EP1127367A1 EP 1127367 A1 EP1127367 A1 EP 1127367A1 EP 99971579 A EP99971579 A EP 99971579A EP 99971579 A EP99971579 A EP 99971579A EP 1127367 A1 EP1127367 A1 EP 1127367A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
sodium
radiation
amalgam
burner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP99971579A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1127367B1 (en
Inventor
Rudy E. A. Geens
Carlo J. M. Vlekken
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Flowil International Lighting Holding BV
Original Assignee
Flowil International Lighting Holding BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19851955A external-priority patent/DE19851955B4/en
Application filed by Flowil International Lighting Holding BV filed Critical Flowil International Lighting Holding BV
Publication of EP1127367A1 publication Critical patent/EP1127367A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1127367B1 publication Critical patent/EP1127367B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/22—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent vapour of an alkali metal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/825—High-pressure sodium lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure sodium lamp with a burner made of polycrystalline aluminum oxide (PCA), a filling of sodium and mercury, and xenon as the filling gas.
  • PCA polycrystalline aluminum oxide
  • High pressure sodium lamps of this type are known for their high luminous efficacy in the visible spectrum. This is due to the fact that the light emission of these lamps takes place in a spectral range which corresponds to the maximum of the eye sensitivity curve. Most commercially available high pressure sodium vapor (HPS) lamps are therefore optimized for maximum luminous flux.
  • HPS lamps have a long service life and very little drop in luminous flux.
  • HPS lamps particularly suitable for use in promoting plant growth, despite the fact that their spectrum is optimized for the human eye and not for the benefit or enhancement of the plant growth process.
  • a method is known from EP 0 364 014 for optimizing the blue part of the spectrum of an HPS lamp. This is known to be important to prevent plants from growing spindly and with small leaves. However, greenhouses already have a sufficient amount of blue light from the sun, even if it is cloudy in winter.
  • the European patent application mentioned describes an HPS lamp which is optimized with regard to photosynthesis in plants and discloses an optimal Na / Hg amalgam ratio and explains that the PCA burner must be made shorter and wider in order to make this lamp electrically compatible with existing ballasts. However, it has been found that when attempting to do so, the burner becomes so short that increased heat losses become apparent at the ends of the burner, and consequently the improvement in photosynthetic efficiency is lost. In addition, the short length of the burner in some lights designed for plant growth can lead to undesirable changes in the light distribution. This means that the known lamp described can only be used in conjunction with specially designed operating systems.
  • the object underlying the invention is seen in creating a high-pressure sodium lamp of the type mentioned, which is optimized with regard to the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants, interchangeable with existing lamps, and is compatible with existing ballasts and ignitors and lights, and finally also in Comparison with a conventional HPS lamp provides a gain in photosynthetic effect.
  • the xenon pressure is to be brought to a value which is as high as possible and yet which allows the lamp to be ignited properly by the igniters specified for the corresponding lamp type. In practice, these are usually superimposed ignitors that have a minimum peak voltage specified depending on the lamp power.
  • the discharge length of the lamp according to the invention should not deviate from the discharge length of the conventional HPS lamp of the same power by more than 25%. If you follow this, the optical compatibility with existing lights is ensured.
  • the wall load (lamp power divided by the wall surface of the burner between the electrodes) is optimized with conventional HPS lamps. The radiated power increases with higher loads, but to ensure a long service life, the wall load must be kept below a certain value. This value usually corresponds to a maximum burner temperature of 1200 ° C and is between 15 and 25 W / cm 2 depending on the nominal lamp power. In the lamp according to the present invention, the wall load may deviate by a maximum of 10% from the value of the corresponding conventional HPS lamp.
  • Dome distance of the two wings of the Na-D line of the radiation spectrum o o realized from about 130 A to about 200 A. These variables are selected to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of the lamp.
  • the photosynthetic efficiency is defined as in which
  • ⁇ ps K j Vp S ( ⁇ ) PJ3 ⁇ is the photosynthetically active radiation component expressed in phytolumens
  • Pia is the power distributed in the lamp.
  • Vps is the spectral active function given in FIG. 1 for photosynthesis in plants and
  • P ⁇ is the lamp spectrum.
  • the comparison is made with the lamp efficiency.
  • V is the spectral sensitivity level according to DIN 5031, part 2.
  • Fig. 4 shows the course of the optimal range for photosynthesis and general lighting applications in a Na high pressure lamp with 12 to 20 percent by weight Na in the amalgam as a function of the dome spacing of the two wings of the Na-D line.
  • the dependence of the photosynthesis efficiency on the amalgam composition and the mentioned dome spacing in the case of a 400W lamp was checked, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the data given in FIG. 2 were obtained by producing lamps with different amalgam compositions and measuring their photosynthetically active radiation components as a function of the dome spacing. The data was recorded during the start-up phase of the lamps using a reference ballast. From Fig. 2 it can be derived in a simple manner that there is a very clear relationship between the dome spacing and the photosynthesis efficiency for all amalgam compositions.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the photosynthesis efficiency (in phytolumens per watt), depending on the Na weight in the amalgam, reaches a maximum at values of the dome spacing of the two wings of the Na-D line between 130 and 200 A.
  • the measurement results are summarized in Table 1 below and in FIG. 4.
  • the table contains the numerical values of the photosynthesis efficiency and the light yield as a function of the Na weight fraction in the amalgam. These values are shown graphically in FIG. From Fig. 4 it can be clearly seen that for the same Na content of 12 to 20%, the range of the maximum efficiency of photosynthesis in comparison to the light yield is characterized by higher tip spacings of the Na-D line.
  • the desired tip distance of the Na-D line can be achieved in practice by increasing the cold spot temperature of the burner, either by changing the distance of the electrode tip from the end face of the burner or by attaching heat accumulation strips on the outside of the two burner ends. If the burner dimensions remain unchanged, this increases the lamp voltage. Make sure that the lamp voltage is low enough to ensure a sufficient lamp life. If the lamp lamp voltage value is too high, a correction to the desired value can be achieved even with a constant dome distance between the two wings of the Na-D line by reducing the length of the discharge arc and increasing the burner diameter / r in such a way that the burner's wall load per square centimeter remains constant. It is important to ensure that, as mentioned, the arc length is not changed by more than 25%.
  • the burner had the following dimensions: Inner burner length: 107 mm Inner burner diameter: 8.1 mm arc length: 84.6 mm Wall thickness: 0.75 mm
  • the amalgam composition was 16 percent by weight sodium.
  • the cold xenon pressure in the burner was 308 torr.
  • the cold spot temperature was set to a value of 17.0 mm at 120 V by adjusting the distance between the electrode tip and the face of the burner.
  • Table 2 below compares the measured characteristics of this lamp with those of a conventional HPS lamp with increased filling pressure.
  • conventional means a commercially available high pressure Na lamp for general lighting applications. Such a lamp corresponds to the SYLVANIA type SHP-TS 400W.
  • the lamp according to the invention described above as an example was tested in practice.
  • Four different types of cucumber were irradiated with lamps in a room that was sealed off from daylight, and were raised in accordance with the example given above.
  • the duration of radiation was sixteen hours a day and the duration of growth was one month.
  • the same cucumber plant varieties were grown under the same conditions during irradiation which came from conventional HPS lamps, as mentioned above, namely of the type SYLVANIA SHP-TS 400W.
  • the greater light output of the lamps according to the invention was compensated for by increasing the distance between the lamps and the plants in order to obtain the same photosynthetically active radiation intensity at the level of the plant growth or on the substrate as in the case of the conventional lamps.
  • Table 3 shows that the lamp achieved according to the invention
  • Irradiation significantly improves the growth of the cucumber plants, which results from the determined plant dimensions, plant weights and leaf sizes.

Abstract

The invention relates to a high pressure sodium discharge lamp. The boiler of said lamp is filled with sodium, mercury and xenon, with a weight percentage of sodium in the Na/Hg amalgam of about 12 % to about 20 %, with a xenon filling pressure in the cold state between about 180 torr and about 350 torr, with a distance to the dome of the two flanks of the Na-D line of the radiation spectrum of about 110 Å to about 200 Å. The percentage of radiation is about 14 % to about 18 % in the red spectral range at 635 nm to 750 nm. The percentage of radiation is about 7 % to 10 % in the blue spectral range at 380 nm to 500 nm. Said radiation percentages are provided to the radiation power in the spectral range of 380 nm to 780 nm. The inventive lamp promotes plant growth.

Description

HOCHDRUCKNATRIUMDAMPFLAMPE HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM LAMP
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hochdrucknatriumdampflampe mit einem Brenner aus polykristallinem Aluminiumoxid (PCA), einer Füllung aus Natrium und Quecksilber, sowie Xenon als Füllgas.The invention relates to a high-pressure sodium lamp with a burner made of polycrystalline aluminum oxide (PCA), a filling of sodium and mercury, and xenon as the filling gas.
Hochdrucknatriumdampflampen dieses Typs sind für ihre hohe Lichtausbeute im Bereich des sichtbaren Spektrums bekannt. Dies ist dadurch begründet, daß die Lichtemission dieser Lampen in einem Spektralbereich stattfindet, der dem Maximum der Augenempfindlichkeitskurve entspricht. Die meisten kommerziell verfügbaren Hochdrucknatriumdampf-(HPS-)Lampen sind deshalb bezüglich eines maximalen Lichtstroms optimiert.High pressure sodium lamps of this type are known for their high luminous efficacy in the visible spectrum. This is due to the fact that the light emission of these lamps takes place in a spectral range which corresponds to the maximum of the eye sensitivity curve. Most commercially available high pressure sodium vapor (HPS) lamps are therefore optimized for maximum luminous flux.
Ferner verfügen HPS-Lampen über eine lange Lebensdauer und über einen sehr geringen Lichtstromabfall.Furthermore, HPS lamps have a long service life and very little drop in luminous flux.
Die hohe Lichtausbeute und lange Lebensdauer machen HPS-Lampen ferner auch für die Anwendung zur Pflanzenwachstumsförderung besonders geeignet, trotz der Tatsache, daß ihr Spektrum für das menschliche Auge optimiert ist und nicht für die Begünstigung bzw. Verstärkung des Pflanzenwachstumsprozesses.The high luminous efficacy and long service life also make HPS lamps particularly suitable for use in promoting plant growth, despite the fact that their spectrum is optimized for the human eye and not for the benefit or enhancement of the plant growth process.
Aus der EP 0 364 014 ist ein Verfahren bekannt, den blauen Teil des Spektrums einer HPS-Lampe zu optimieren. Es ist bekannt, daß dies wichtig ist, um Pflanzen daran zu hindern, spindeldürr und mit kleinen Blättern zu wachsen. Nun ist es jedoch so, daß in Gewächshäusern bereits eine ausreichende Menge an blauem Licht der Sonne vorhanden ist, und zwar selbst dann, wenn es im Winter wolkig ist. Die erwähnte europäische Patentanmeldung beschreibt eine bezüglich der Photosynthese in Pflanzen optimierte HPS-Lampe und offenbart ein optimales Na/Hg-Amalgamverhältnis und erläutert, daß der PCA-Brenner kürzer und weiter gemacht werden muß, um diese Lampe mit vorhandenen Vorschaltgeräten elektrisch kompatibel zu machen. Es wurde jedoch festgestellt, daß bei dem Versuch, in diesem Sinne zu verfahren, der Brenner derart kurz wird, daß an den Brennerenden erhöhte Wärmeverluste offensichtlich werden und daß demzufolge die Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrades hinsichtlich der Photosynthese verloren geht. Darüber hinaus kann die geringe Länge des Brenners in einigen für das Pflanzenwachstum vorgesehenen Leuchten zu unerwünschten Änderungen in der Lichtverteilung führen. Dies bedeutet, daß die beschriebene, bekannte Lampe nur in Verbindung mit speziell ausgelegten Betriebssystemen anwendbar ist.A method is known from EP 0 364 014 for optimizing the blue part of the spectrum of an HPS lamp. This is known to be important to prevent plants from growing spindly and with small leaves. However, greenhouses already have a sufficient amount of blue light from the sun, even if it is cloudy in winter. The European patent application mentioned describes an HPS lamp which is optimized with regard to photosynthesis in plants and discloses an optimal Na / Hg amalgam ratio and explains that the PCA burner must be made shorter and wider in order to make this lamp electrically compatible with existing ballasts. However, it has been found that when attempting to do so, the burner becomes so short that increased heat losses become apparent at the ends of the burner, and consequently the improvement in photosynthetic efficiency is lost. In addition, the short length of the burner in some lights designed for plant growth can lead to undesirable changes in the light distribution. This means that the known lamp described can only be used in conjunction with specially designed operating systems.
Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird darin gesehen, eine Hochdrucknatriumdampflampe der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die bezüglich des Wirkungsgrades der Photosynthese in Pflanzen optimiert ist, mit vorhandenen Lampen austauschbar, sowie mit vorhandenen Vorschalt- und Zündgeräten und Leuchten kompatibel ist und schließlich auch noch im Vergleich mit einer herkömmlichen HPS-Lampe einen Gewinn an photosynthetischer Wirkung liefert.The object underlying the invention is seen in creating a high-pressure sodium lamp of the type mentioned, which is optimized with regard to the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants, interchangeable with existing lamps, and is compatible with existing ballasts and ignitors and lights, and finally also in Comparison with a conventional HPS lamp provides a gain in photosynthetic effect.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch eineThis object is achieved by a
Hochdrucknatriumdampflampe mit einem PCA-Brenner, einer Füllung ausHigh pressure sodium lamp with a PCA burner, a filling from
Natrium, Quecksilber und Xenon als Füllgas, mit einem Natriumgewichtsanteil im Na/Hg-Amalgam von etwa 12 % bis etwa 20 % und einem Xenonfülldruck im kalten Zustand zwischen etwa 180 Torr und etwaSodium, mercury and xenon as filling gas, with a sodium weight fraction in the Na / Hg amalgam of about 12% to about 20% and a xenon filling pressure in the cold state between about 180 torr and about
350 Torr, mit einem Kuppenabstand der beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie des o Strahlungsspektrums von etwa 130 bis etwa 200 A, sowie mit etwa 14 % bis etwa 18 % Strahlungsanteil im roten Wellenlängenbereich 635 nm bis 760 nm und mit etwa 7 % bis etwa 10 % Strahlungsanteil im blauen350 Torr, with a tip distance between the two wings of the Na-D line of the radiation spectrum of about 130 to about 200 A, and with about 14% to about 18% radiation in the red wavelength range 635 nm to 760 nm and with about 7% to about 10% radiation in the blue
Wellenlängenbereich 380 nm bis 500 nm jeweils der Strahlungsleistung im gesamten Wellenlängenbereich 380 nm bis 760 nm. Um die Wärmeverluste zu den Wänden des Brenners hin zu minimieren, wurde es als wirksam erkannt, den Brenner mit einem Xenondruck zu füllen, der so hoch wie möglich ist, ohne die einwandfreie Zündung der Lampen mit den dafür spezifizierten Zündgeräten zu gefährden. Dies führte zu einer etwa 10%igen Erhöhung der Lichtausbeute. Bei der Lampe nach der Erfindung soll der Xenondruck auf einen Wert gebracht werden, der so hoch wie möglich ist und es doch noch der Lampe erlaubt, von den für den entsprechenden Lampentyp spezifizierten Zündgeräten einwandfrei gezündet zu werden. In der Praxis sind dies gewöhnlich Überlagerungszündgeräte, die eine in Abhängigkeit von der Lampenleistung spezifizierte Mindest- Spitzenspannung aufweisen.Wavelength range 380 nm to 500 nm each of the radiation power in the entire wavelength range 380 nm to 760 nm. In order to minimize the heat losses to the walls of the burner, it was recognized to be effective to fill the burner with a xenon pressure that is as high as possible without endangering the proper ignition of the lamps with the igniters specified for them. This led to an approximately 10% increase in light output. In the lamp according to the invention, the xenon pressure is to be brought to a value which is as high as possible and yet which allows the lamp to be ignited properly by the igniters specified for the corresponding lamp type. In practice, these are usually superimposed ignitors that have a minimum peak voltage specified depending on the lamp power.
Ferner sollte die Entladungslänge der erfindungsgemäßen Lampe von der Entladungslänge der herkömmlichen HPS-Lampe gleicher Leistung um nicht mehr als 25 % abweichen. Richtet man sich danach, so ist die optische Kompatibilität mit vorhandenen Leuchten sichergestellt. Die Wandbelastung (Lampenleistung dividiert durch die Wandoberfläche des Brenners zwischen den Elektroden) ist bei herkömmlichen HPS-Lampen optimiert. Mit höherer Belastung vergrößert sich zwar die abgestrahlte Leistung, jedoch muß zur Sicherstellung einer langen Lebensdauer die Wandbelastung unter einem bestimmten Wert gehalten werden. Dieser Wert entspricht gewöhnlich einer maximalen Brennertemperatur von 1200°C und liegt zwischen 15 und 25 W/cm2 in Abhängigkeit von der Lampennennleistung. Bei der Lampe nach der vorliegenden Erfindung darf die Wandbelastung maximal 10 % von dem Wert der entsprechenden herkömmlichen HPS-Lampe abweichen.Furthermore, the discharge length of the lamp according to the invention should not deviate from the discharge length of the conventional HPS lamp of the same power by more than 25%. If you follow this, the optical compatibility with existing lights is ensured. The wall load (lamp power divided by the wall surface of the burner between the electrodes) is optimized with conventional HPS lamps. The radiated power increases with higher loads, but to ensure a long service life, the wall load must be kept below a certain value. This value usually corresponds to a maximum burner temperature of 1200 ° C and is between 15 and 25 W / cm 2 depending on the nominal lamp power. In the lamp according to the present invention, the wall load may deviate by a maximum of 10% from the value of the corresponding conventional HPS lamp.
Die beabsichtigte Erhöhung des Photosynthese-Wirkungsgrades wird sodann durch die Optimierung der Zusammensetzung des Na/Hg-Amalgams und desThe intended increase in photosynthesis efficiency is then achieved by optimizing the composition of the Na / Hg amalgam and the
Kuppenabstandes der beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie des Strahlungsspektrums o o von etwa 130 A bis etwa 200 A realisiert. Diese Variablen werden derart ausgewählt, daß der Photosynthese-Wirkungsgrad der Lampe optimiert wird.Dome distance of the two wings of the Na-D line of the radiation spectrum o o realized from about 130 A to about 200 A. These variables are selected to optimize the photosynthetic efficiency of the lamp.
Der Photosynthese- Wirkungsgrad wird definiert als wobeiThe photosynthetic efficiency is defined as in which
Φps = K j VpS(λ)PJ3λ der in Phytolumen ausgedrückte photosynthetisch wirksame Strahlunganteil, sowieΦps = K j Vp S (λ) PJ3λ is the photosynthetically active radiation component expressed in phytolumens, and
Pia die in der Lampe verteilte Leistung ist.Pia is the power distributed in the lamp.
K = 1088.4 Phyto-lm - W" 1 K = 1088.4 Phyto-lm - W "1
Vps ist die in Fig. 1 angegebene spektrale Wirkfunktion für die Photosynthese in Pflanzen undVps is the spectral active function given in FIG. 1 for photosynthesis in plants and
Pλ ist das Lampenspektrum.P λ is the lamp spectrum.
Es wird der Vergleich mit dem Lampenwirkungsgrad durchgeführt. DerThe comparison is made with the lamp efficiency. The
Lampenwirkungsgrad ist definiert als η = Φ/P , wobeiLamp efficiency is defined as η = Φ / P, where
Φ Km I Vx Pxδλ der in Lumen ausgedrückte Lichtstrom undΦ K m I Vx Pxδλ is the luminous flux expressed in lumens and
Km = 683 Im • W\ sowieK m = 683 Im • W \ as well
V der spektrale Empfindlichkeitgrad nach DIN 5031, Teil 2 ist.V is the spectral sensitivity level according to DIN 5031, part 2.
Es zeigt:It shows:
Fig. 1 die photosynthetische spektrale Empfindlichkeit in Abhängigkeit von der Wellenlänge;1 shows the photosynthetic spectral sensitivity as a function of the wavelength;
Fig. 2 den photosynthetischen Wirkungsgrad der Na-Hochdrucklampe in Abhängigkeit vom Kuppenabstand der beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie;2 shows the photosynthetic efficiency of the Na high pressure lamp as a function of the dome spacing of the two wings of the Na D line;
Fig 3 die Lichtausbeute der Na-D-Hochdrucklampe in Abhängigkeit vom Kuppenabstand der beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie;3 shows the light yield of the Na-D high-pressure lamp as a function of the dome spacing of the two wings of the Na-D line;
Fig. 4 den Verlauf des für Photosynthese und allgemeine Beleuchtungsanwendungen optimalen Bereichs bei einer Na-Hochdrucklampe mit 12 bis 20 Gewichtsprozenten Na im Amalgam in Abhägigkeit vom Kuppenabstand der beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie. Es wurde die Abhängigkeit des Photosynthese-Wirkungsgrades von der Amalgamzusammensetzung und des erwähnten Kuppenabstandes im Falle einer 400W-Lampe geprüft, wie in Fig. 2 gezeigt. Die in Fig. 2 angegebenen Daten wurden durch die Herstellung von Lampen mit unterschiedlichen Amalgam- Zusammensetzungen und Messung ihrer photosynthetisch wirksamen Strahlungsanteile als Funktion des Kuppenabstandes erhalten. Die Daten wurden während der Anlaufphase der Lampen mittels eines Referenzvorschaltgeräts aufgenommen. Aus Fig. 2 läßt sich auf einfache Weise ableiten, daß es für sämtliche Amalgamzusammensetzungen eine ganz klare Beziehung zwischen dem Kuppenabstand und dem Photosynthese-Wirkungsgrad gibt..Fig. 4 shows the course of the optimal range for photosynthesis and general lighting applications in a Na high pressure lamp with 12 to 20 percent by weight Na in the amalgam as a function of the dome spacing of the two wings of the Na-D line. The dependence of the photosynthesis efficiency on the amalgam composition and the mentioned dome spacing in the case of a 400W lamp was checked, as shown in FIG. 2. The data given in FIG. 2 were obtained by producing lamps with different amalgam compositions and measuring their photosynthetically active radiation components as a function of the dome spacing. The data was recorded during the start-up phase of the lamps using a reference ballast. From Fig. 2 it can be derived in a simple manner that there is a very clear relationship between the dome spacing and the photosynthesis efficiency for all amalgam compositions.
Fig. 2 zeigt, daß der Photosynthese-Wirkungsgrad (in Phytolumen pro Watt), abhängig vom Na-Gewicht im Amalgam, bei Werten des Kuppenabstandes der o beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie zwischen 130 und 200 A ein Maximum erreicht.Fig. 2 shows that the photosynthesis efficiency (in phytolumens per watt), depending on the Na weight in the amalgam, reaches a maximum at values of the dome spacing of the two wings of the Na-D line between 130 and 200 A.
Dabei verschiebt sich das Maximum mit steigendem Na-Gehalt zu höherenThe maximum shifts with increasing Na content to higher
Werten des Kuppenabstandes. Aus Fig. 2 läßt sich für jede Zusammensetzung des Natriumamalgams ein Bereich für den maximalen Wirkungsgrad derValues of the tip distance. 2 shows a range for the maximum efficiency of the for each composition of sodium amalgam
Photosynthese erkennen.Recognize photosynthesis.
In Fig. 3 ist die Lichtausbeute (in Lumen pro Watt) für verschiedene Natriumgewichte als Funktion des Kuppenabstandes der beiden Flügel der Na- D-Linie aufgetragen. Auch hier erkennt man für jeden Na-Anteil ein Maximum der Lichtausbeute, das allerdings eine geringere Abhängigkeit vom Na- Anteil zeigt als der Photosynthese-Wirkungsgrad.3 shows the luminous efficacy (in lumens per watt) for various sodium weights as a function of the dome spacing of the two wings of the Na D line. Here too, a maximum of the luminous efficacy can be seen for each Na component, which, however, shows less dependence on the Na component than the photosynthesis efficiency.
Die Meßergebnisse sind in der untenstehenden Tabelle 1 und in Fig. 4 zusammengefaßt. Die Tabelle enthält die numerischen Werte des Photosynthese- Wirkungsgrades und der Lichtausbeute in Abhängigkeit vom Na-Gewichtsanteil im Amalgam. In Fig. 4 sind diese Werte graphisch dargesellt. Aus Fig. 4 kann man klar erkennen, daß für den gleichen Na-Gehalt von 12 bis 20 % der Bereich des maximalen Wirkungsgrades der Photosynthese im Vergleich zur Lichtausbeute durch höhere Kuppenabstände der Na-D-Linie gekennzeichnet ist.The measurement results are summarized in Table 1 below and in FIG. 4. The table contains the numerical values of the photosynthesis efficiency and the light yield as a function of the Na weight fraction in the amalgam. These values are shown graphically in FIG. From Fig. 4 it can be clearly seen that for the same Na content of 12 to 20%, the range of the maximum efficiency of photosynthesis in comparison to the light yield is characterized by higher tip spacings of the Na-D line.
Der gewünschte Kuppenabstand der Na-D-Linie kann in der Praxis durch Erhöhung der Cold Spot Temperatur des Brenners erreicht werden, entweder durch Veränderung des Abstandes der Elektrodenspitze von der Stirnfläche des Brenners oder durch Anbringung von Wärmestaubändern an der Außenseite der beiden Brennerenden. Bei unveränderten Brennerabmessungen wird dadurch die Lampenbrennspannung erhöht. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, daß die Lampenbrennspannung niedrig genug ist, um eine ausreichende Lebensdauer der Lampe zu gewährleisten. Falls der Wert der Lampenbrennspannung zu hoch sein sollte, läßt sich eine Korrektur auf den gewünschten Wert auch bei konstantem Kuppenabstand der beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie dadurch erreichen, daß die Länge des Entladungsbogens reduziert und der Brennerdurchmesse/r derart erhöht wird, daß die Wandbelastung des Brenners pro Quadratzentimeter konstant bleibt. Dabei ist darauf zu achten, daß, wie erwähnt, die Bogenlänge um nicht mehr als 25% verändert wird.The desired tip distance of the Na-D line can be achieved in practice by increasing the cold spot temperature of the burner, either by changing the distance of the electrode tip from the end face of the burner or by attaching heat accumulation strips on the outside of the two burner ends. If the burner dimensions remain unchanged, this increases the lamp voltage. Make sure that the lamp voltage is low enough to ensure a sufficient lamp life. If the lamp lamp voltage value is too high, a correction to the desired value can be achieved even with a constant dome distance between the two wings of the Na-D line by reducing the length of the discharge arc and increasing the burner diameter / r in such a way that the burner's wall load per square centimeter remains constant. It is important to ensure that, as mentioned, the arc length is not changed by more than 25%.
Tabelle 1Table 1
Es wurde für den Fall einer 400W-Lampe ein Beispiel ausgeführt. Der Brenner hatte dabei die folgenden Abmessungen: Innere Brennerlänge: 107 mm Innerer Brennerdurchmesser: 8, 1 mm Bogenlänge: 84,6 mm Wandstärke: 0,75 mmAn example was given for the case of a 400W lamp. The burner had the following dimensions: Inner burner length: 107 mm Inner burner diameter: 8.1 mm arc length: 84.6 mm Wall thickness: 0.75 mm
Die Amalgam-Zusammensetzung wies 16 Gewichtsprozente Natrium auf. Der kalte Xenondruck im Brenner betrug 308 Torr. Die Cold Spot Temperatur wurde durch die Einstellung des Abstandes zwischen Elektrodenspitze und der Brennerstirnfläche auf einen Wert von 17,0 mm auf 120 V gesetzt.The amalgam composition was 16 percent by weight sodium. The cold xenon pressure in the burner was 308 torr. The cold spot temperature was set to a value of 17.0 mm at 120 V by adjusting the distance between the electrode tip and the face of the burner.
In der nachfolgenden Tabelle 2 werden die gemessenen Charakteristika dieser Lampe mit denen einer herkömmlichen HPS-Lampe mit erhöhtem Fülldruck verglichen. Mit dem Begriff „herkömmlich" ist eine kommerziell verfügbare Na-Hochdrucklampe für allgemeine Beleuchtungsanwendungen gemeint. Eine solche Lampe entspricht dem SYLVANIA Typ SHP-TS 400W.Table 2 below compares the measured characteristics of this lamp with those of a conventional HPS lamp with increased filling pressure. The term "conventional" means a commercially available high pressure Na lamp for general lighting applications. Such a lamp corresponds to the SYLVANIA type SHP-TS 400W.
Tabelle 2Table 2
Vergleich Lampenbeispiel nach der Erfindung - Herkömmliche HPS- Lampe mit erhöhtem FülldruckComparison of lamp example according to the invention - conventional HPS lamp with increased filling pressure
Die oben als Beispiel beschriebene Lampe nach der Erfindung wurde in der Praxis getestet. Dabei wurden vier verschiedene Gurkensorten in einem gegenüber dem Tageslicht abgedichteten Raum mit Lampen bestrahlt und aufgezogen, die dem oben gegebenen Beispiel entsprachen. Die Bestrahlungsdauer betrug dabei täglich sechzehn Stunden und die Dauer des Wachstums einen Monat. Zum Vergleich wurden die gleichen Gurkenpflanzensorten unter den gleichen Bedingungen bei einer Bestrahlung aufgezogen, die von herkömmlichen HPS-Lampen herrührte, wie sie oben bereits genannt wurden, nämlich vom Typ SYLVANIA SHP-TS 400W. Die größere Lichtabgabe der Lampen nach der Erfindung wurde dabei durch Vergrößerung des Abstandes zwischen den Lampen und den Pflanzen kompensiert, um auf dem Level des Pflanzenwuchses bzw. am Substrat die gleiche photosynthetisch wirksame Strahlungsintensität zu erhalten wie im Falle der herkömmlichen Lampen. The lamp according to the invention described above as an example was tested in practice. Four different types of cucumber were irradiated with lamps in a room that was sealed off from daylight, and were raised in accordance with the example given above. The duration of radiation was sixteen hours a day and the duration of growth was one month. For comparison, the same cucumber plant varieties were grown under the same conditions during irradiation which came from conventional HPS lamps, as mentioned above, namely of the type SYLVANIA SHP-TS 400W. The greater light output of the lamps according to the invention was compensated for by increasing the distance between the lamps and the plants in order to obtain the same photosynthetically active radiation intensity at the level of the plant growth or on the substrate as in the case of the conventional lamps.
In der nachfolgenden Tabelle 3 werden die Versuchsergebnisse aufgeführt, die sich bei dieser Aufzucht der Gurkenpflanzen ergeben haben. AusTable 3 below shows the test results which have resulted from this cultivation of the cucumber plants. Out
Tabelle 3 wird deutlich, daß die mit den Lampen nach der Erfindung erzielteTable 3 shows that the lamp achieved according to the invention
Bestrahlung das Wachstum der Gurkenpflanzen signifikant verbessert, was sich aus den ermittelten Pflanzenabmessungen, Pflanzengewichten und Blattgrößen ergibt.Irradiation significantly improves the growth of the cucumber plants, which results from the determined plant dimensions, plant weights and leaf sizes.
Tabelle 3Table 3
Von jeder der vier genannten Gurkensorten wurden jeweils 18 Stück von den erfindungsgemäßen Lampen und 22 Stück von den herkömmlichen Lampen bestrahlt. 18 of each of the four cucumber types mentioned were irradiated by the lamps according to the invention and 22 by the conventional lamps.
Es versteht sich, daß die von ganzen Zahlen abweichenden Blattzahl- und Gewichtsangaben, die somit Dezimalbrüche darstellen, infolge Durchschnittsbildung zustandegekommen sind. Die Durchschnittsgewichte wurden jeweils am Ende des Wuchsmonats ohne Wurzeln ermittelt. Ein Gurkenansatz ist zu diesem frühen Zeitpunkt noch nicht zu erwarten. It goes without saying that the number of sheets and weights differing from whole numbers, which thus represent decimal fractions, have come about as a result of averaging. The average weights were determined at the end of the growing month without roots. A cucumber setting is not expected at this early stage.

Claims

A N S P R U C H E EXPECTATIONS
1.1.
Hochdrucknatriumdampflampe mit einer Füllung aus Natrium, Quecksilber und Xenon in einem Brenner mit einem Natriumgewichtsanteil im Na/Hg-Amalgam von etwa 12 % bis etwa 20 %, mit einem Xenonfülldruck im kalten Zustand zwischen etwa 180 Torr und etwa 350 Torr, mit einem Kuppenabstand der beiden Flügel der Na-D-Linie des Strahlungsspektrums von etwa 1 10 Ä bis etwa 200 Ä, sowie mit etwa 14 % bis etwa 18 % Strahlungsanteil im roten Wellenlängenbereich 635 nm bis 750 nm und mit etwa 7 % bis etwa 10 % Strahlungsanteil im blauen Wellenlängenbereich 380 nm bis 500 nm jeweils der Strahlungsleistung im Wellenlängenbereich 380 nm bis 780 nm zur Pflanzenwachstumsförderung.High pressure sodium vapor lamp with a filling of sodium, mercury and xenon in a burner with a sodium weight fraction in the Na / Hg amalgam of about 12% to about 20%, with a cold xenon filling pressure between about 180 torr and about 350 torr, with a dome spacing of both wings of the Na-D line of the radiation spectrum from about 110 Å to about 200 Å, as well as with about 14% to about 18% radiation component in the red wavelength range 635 nm to 750 nm and with about 7% to about 10% radiation component in the blue Wavelength range 380 nm to 500 nm each of the radiation power in the wavelength range 380 nm to 780 nm for promoting plant growth.
2.Second
Hochdrucknatriumdampflampe nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Natriumgewichtsanteil im Amalgam zwischen 14 % und 1 8 % und der Kuppenabstand zwischen 120 Ä und 190 Ä beträgt.High-pressure sodium vapor lamp according to Claim 1, characterized in that the proportion by weight of sodium in the amalgam is between 14% and 1 8% and the dome spacing is between 120 Å and 190 Å.
3.Third
Hochdrucknatriumdampflampe nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Natriumgewichtsanteil im Amalgam 16 % und der Kuppenabstand zwischen 130 Ä und 180 Ä beträgt. High-pressure sodium vapor lamp according to Claim 2, characterized in that the sodium weight fraction in the amalgam is 16% and the dome spacing is between 130 Å and 180 Å.
EP99971579A 1998-11-02 1999-10-29 High pressure sodium discharge lamp Expired - Lifetime EP1127367B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19850345 1998-11-02
DE19850345 1998-11-02
DE19851955 1998-11-11
DE19851955A DE19851955B4 (en) 1998-11-02 1998-11-11 High-pressure sodium vapor lamp
PCT/EP1999/008205 WO2000026940A1 (en) 1998-11-02 1999-10-29 High pressure sodium discharge lamp

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EP1127367A1 true EP1127367A1 (en) 2001-08-29
EP1127367B1 EP1127367B1 (en) 2003-09-17

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AT (1) ATE250280T1 (en)
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KR100635575B1 (en) * 2004-11-17 2006-10-17 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 full color OLED and fabricating method of the same
KR100742372B1 (en) * 2005-11-29 2007-07-24 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 fabrication method of Organic light-emitting device
ES2289957B1 (en) * 2007-02-07 2008-12-01 Universidad Complutense De Madrid LIGHTING SOURCE WITH REDUCED ISSUANCE OF SHORT WAVE LENGTHS FOR EYE PROTECTION.
CN102129951B (en) * 2011-01-20 2012-11-07 宁波纯亮杀菌设备有限公司 Pulsed lamp

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL177058C (en) * 1977-04-15 1985-07-16 Philips Nv HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM VAPOR DISCHARGE LAMP.
US4342938A (en) * 1980-03-31 1982-08-03 General Electric Company Universal burning ceramic lamp
US4567396A (en) * 1982-11-26 1986-01-28 General Electric Company Increased efficacy high pressure sodium lamp yielded by increased wall temperature operation
NL8802229A (en) * 1988-09-12 1990-04-02 Philips Nv METHOD FOR PLANT RADIATION.
NL8802228A (en) * 1988-09-12 1990-04-02 Philips Nv HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM DISCHARGE LAMP.
US5150017A (en) * 1991-06-27 1992-09-22 Gte Products Corporation High pressure sodium discharge lamp
GB9408386D0 (en) * 1994-04-28 1994-06-22 Flowil Int Lighting Discharge lamp for enhancing photosynthesis

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Title
See references of WO0026940A1 *

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AU769234B2 (en) 2004-01-22
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US6515418B1 (en) 2003-02-04
WO2000026940A1 (en) 2000-05-11
DK1127367T3 (en) 2003-12-15
HU223278B1 (en) 2004-04-28
EP1127367B1 (en) 2003-09-17
HUP0105047A2 (en) 2002-04-29
HUP0105047A3 (en) 2002-05-28

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