EP1125283A1 - Procede de quantification des parametres d'un codeur de parole - Google Patents
Procede de quantification des parametres d'un codeur de paroleInfo
- Publication number
- EP1125283A1 EP1125283A1 EP99946281A EP99946281A EP1125283A1 EP 1125283 A1 EP1125283 A1 EP 1125283A1 EP 99946281 A EP99946281 A EP 99946281A EP 99946281 A EP99946281 A EP 99946281A EP 1125283 A1 EP1125283 A1 EP 1125283A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- filters
- transmitted
- parameters
- frame
- pitch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101100379142 Mus musculus Anxa1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/16—Vocoder architecture
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/04—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using predictive techniques
- G10L19/08—Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters
- G10L19/087—Determination or coding of the excitation function; Determination or coding of the long-term prediction parameters using mixed excitation models, e.g. MELP, MBE, split band LPC or HVXC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L2019/0001—Codebooks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
- G10L25/93—Discriminating between voiced and unvoiced parts of speech signals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a speech coding method. It applies in particular to the production of vocoders at very low speed, of the order of 1200 bits per second and implemented for example in satellite communications, internet telephony, static answering machines, voice pagers etc. ..
- the objective of these vocoders is to make it possible to reconstruct a signal which is as close as possible in the sense of the perception by the human ear of the original speech signal, using the lowest possible bit rate.
- vocoders use a fully parameterized model of the speech signal.
- the parameters used relate to voicing which describes the periodic nature of voiced sounds or the random nature of unvoiced sounds, the fundamental frequency of voiced sounds still known by the English term "PITCH", the time evolution of the energy as well as the spectral envelope of the signal to excite and configure the synthesis filters.
- the filtering is carried out by a digital filtering technique with linear prediction.
- These different parameters are estimated periodically on the speech signal, from one to several times per frame from 10 to 30 ms, depending on the parameters and the coders. They are developed at the level of an analysis device and are generally transmitted remotely towards a synthesis device.
- the field of low bit rate speech coding has long been dominated by a 2400 bit / s coder known as LPC 1 0. A description of this coder, as well as a lower bit variant can be found in the articles entitled:
- MELP The new federal standard at 2400 bits / s, published in the journal IEEE International ConfEstion on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Kunststoff, April 1 997, pp. 1,591 - 1,594.
- a first technique is that of the segmental vocoder, two variants of which are those described by MM. B. Mouy, P. de la Noue and G. Goudezeune already cited, and that described by MY Shoham entitled "Very low complexity interpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1 .2 to 2.4 K bps", published in IEEE International ConfInterpolative speech coding at 1
- a second technique is that used in phonetic vocoders, which combine the principles of recognition and synthesis.
- the activity in this field is rather at the basic research stage, the targeted speeds are generally much lower than 1200 bits / s (typically 50 to 200 bits / s) but the quality obtained is rather poor and there is often has no speaker recognition.
- a description of these types of vocoders can be found in the article by MM. J. Cernocky, G. Baudoin, G. Choliet, entitled: "Segmentai vododer - Going beyond the phonetic approch” published in IEE International ConfInterai vododer - Going beyond the phonetic approch” published in IEE International ConfInterference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Seattle, May 1 2 - 1 5 1 998, pp. 605 - 698.
- the subject of the invention is a method of coding and decoding speech for voice communications using a very low bit rate vocoder comprising an analysis part for coding and transmission of the parameters of the speech signal and a part synthesis for the reception and decoding of the transmitted parameters and the reconstruction of the speech signal by using linear prediction synthesis filters of the type consisting in analyzing the parameters, describing the pitch, voicing transition frequency, energy, and the spectral envelope of the speech signal, by cutting the speech signal into successive frames of determined length, characterized in that it consists in grouping the parameters over N consecutive frames to form a super-frame, in performing vector quantization of the frequencies of transition of voicing during each super-frame, by transmitting without degradation only the configuratio ns most frequent and by replacing the least frequent configurations by the closest configuration in terms of absolute error among the most frequent, to code the pitch by scalarly quantifying only one value for each superframe, to code energy by selecting only a reduced number of values by group
- FIG. 1 a mixed excitation model of a typical vocoder
- FIG. 2 a functional diagram of the "analysis" part of an HSX type vocoder used for implementing the invention.
- FIG. 3 a functional diagram of the synthesis part of a vocoder of HSX type used for the implementation of the invention.
- Figure 4 the main steps of the method according to the invention put in the form of a flowchart.
- FIG. 5 a table showing the distribution of the configurations of the voicing transition frequencies for three consecutive frames.
- FIG. 6 a vector quantization table of the voicing transition frequencies usable for implementing the invention.
- FIG. 7 a list in the form of a table of selection and interpolation diagrams implemented in the invention for the coding of the energy of the speech signal.
- FIG. 8 a list in the form of a table of selection and interpolation / extrapolation diagrams for the encoding of LPC filters with linear prediction.
- FIG. 9 a table of allocation of the bits necessary for the coding of a vocoder of HSX type at 1200 bits / s according to the invention.
- the method according to the invention uses a vocoder of the type known by the English abbreviation HSX of "Harmony Stochastic Excitation ", as the basis for the creation of a good quality vocoder at 1200 bits / s.
- the method according to the invention relates to the encoding of the parameters which makes it possible to reproduce at best with a minimum bit rate the entire complexity of the speech signal.
- an HSX vocoder is a linear prediction vocoder which uses in its synthesis part a simple mixed excitation model, in which a periodic pulse train excites low frequencies and a noise level excites high frequencies a synthetic LPC filter.
- FIG. 1 describes the principle of generation of the mixed excitation which comprises two filtering channels. The first channel 1 ⁇ is excited by a periodic pulse train performs low pass filtering and the second channel 1 2 excited by a stochastic noise signal performs high pass filtering. The cutoff or transition frequency fc of the filters of the two channels is the same and has a variable position over time. The filters of the two channels are complementary.
- a summator 2 adds the signals supplied by the two channels.
- a gain amplifier 3 g adjusts the gain of the first filtering channel so that the excitation signal obtained at the output of the summator 2 is flat spectrum.
- FIG. 2 A functional diagram of the vocoder analysis part is shown in Figure 2.
- the speech signal is first filtered by a high pass filter 4 and then segmented into 22.5 ms frames, comprising 1 80 samples taken at 8 KHz frequency.
- Two analyzes by linear prediction are performed in 5 on each of the frames.
- the semi-whitened signal obtained is filtered into four sub-bands.
- a robust pitch 8 tracker uses the first sub-band.
- the transition frequency fc between the low frequency band of the voiced sounds and the high frequency band of the sounds unvoiced is determined by the voicing rate measured at 9 in the four sub-bands.
- the energy is measured and coded in step 1 0 in a pitch-synchronous manner, 4 times per frame.
- the performance of the pitch tracker and the voicing analyzer 9 can be greatly improved when their decision is delayed by a frame, the resulting parameters, coefficients of synthesis filters, pitch, voicing, transition frequency and energy are coded with a delay frame.
- the excitation signal of the synthesis filter is formed in the manner already represented in FIG. 1 by the sum of a harmonic signal and a random signal whose the spectral envelopes are complementary.
- the harmonic component is obtained by passing a train of pulses to the pitch period in a precalculated bandpass filter 1 1.
- the random component is obtained from a generator 1 2 combining an inverse Fourier transform and a temporal overlap.
- the LPC synthesis filter 1 4 is interpolated 4 times per frame.
- the perceptual filter 1 5 coupled to the filter output 1 4 makes it possible to obtain a better reproduction of the nasal characteristics of the original speech signal.
- the automatic gain control device ensures that the pitch-synchronous energy of the output signal is equal to that which has been transmitted.
- the method according to the invention takes place in five main steps referenced from 1 7 to 21 in FIG. 4.
- the step 1 7 groups together the vocoder frames by N frames to form a super frame.
- a value of N equal to 3 can be chosen because it achieves a good compromise between the possible reduction of the bit rate and the delay introduced by the quantification process.
- it is compatible with current interleaving and error correcting coding techniques.
- the voicing transition frequency is coded in step 18 by vector quantization using only four frequency values, 0.750.2000 and 3625 HZ for example. Under these conditions, 6 bits at the rate of 2 bits per frame are sufficient to code each of the frequencies and transmit exactly the voicing configuration of the three frames of a super frame.
- certain voicing configurations are reproduced only very rarely, it can be considered that they are not necessarily characteristic of the evolution of the normal speech signal, since they do not seem to participate in intelligibility or in the quality of speech. speech restored. This is the case for example when a frame is completely voiced from 0 Hz to 3625 Hz and it is between two completely unvoiced frames.
- the table in FIG. 5 shows a distribution of voicing configuration over three successive frames, calculated on a database of 1 23 1 58 speech frames.
- the 32 least frequent configurations account for only 4% of all the frames, partially or totally voiced.
- the degradation obtained by replacing each of these configurations with the closest, in terms of absolute error, of the 32 most represented configurations is imperceptible. This shows that it is possible to save a bit by vectoring the voicing transition frequency over a super frame.
- a vector quantization of the voicing configurations is shown in the table referenced 22 in FIG. 6. Table 22 is organized so that the mean square error produced by an error on an address bit is minimal.
- the pitch coding is executed in step 1 9. It implements a 6-bit scalar quantizer, with a range of samples from 1 6 to 1 48, and a uniform quantization step on a logarithmic scale. A single value is transmitted for three consecutive frames. The calculation of the value to be quantified from the three pitch values and the procedure for recovering the three pitch values from the value quantified, differ according to the value of the voicing transition frequencies of the analysis. The process is as follows:
- the decoded pitch is fixed at an arbitrary value, ie, for example, 45 samples for each of the frames of the super frame.
- the quantized value is the value of pitch of the last frame of the current super frame which is then considered as a target value.
- the decoded value of the pitch for the third frame of the current superframe is the quantized target value, and the values of the pitch decoded for the first two frames of the current superframe are recovered by linear interpolation between the value transmitted for the previous superframe and the quantized target value.
- Pitch used (2) 1, 005 * Decoded Pitch (2)
- Pitch used (3) 1, 000 * Decoded Pitch (3)
- the advantage of performing a scalar quantization of the pitch values is that it limits the problem of propagation of errors on the binary train.
- the coding schemes 2 and 3 are close enough to each other to be insensitive to bad decoding of the voicing frequency.
- the energy is encoded in step 20. It takes place in the manner shown in the table referenced 23 in FIG. 7 using a vector quantization method of the type described in the article by RM Gray , entitled “Vector Quantization", published in the IEEE ASP Magazine, vol. 1, pp 4-29, April 1 984. Twelve energy values numbered from 0 to 1 1 are calculated for each super-frame by the analysis part and only six energy values among the twelve are transmitted. This leads to construct two vectors of three values by the analysis part. Each vector is quantized on six bits. Two bits are used to transmit the selection scheme number used. During the decoding in the synthesis part, the energy values which have not been quantified are recovered by interpolation.
- the coding of the coefficients modeling the envelope of the speech signal takes place by vector quantization in step 21.
- This coding makes it possible to determine the coefficients of the digital filters used in the synthesis part.
- Six LPC filters with 1 0 coefficients numbered from 0 to 5 are calculated at each superframe by the analysis part and only 3 filters among the 6 are transmitted.
- the six vectors are transformed into six vectors of 10 pairs of LSF spectral lines following for example the process described in the article by M F. ITAKURA, entitled "Line Spectrum Representation of Linear Predictive Coefficients" and published in the Journal Acoustique Sociaty America , vol.57, P.S35, 1 975.
- the spectral line pairs are encoded by a technique similar to that used for energy coding.
- the process consists in selecting three LPC filters, and in quantifying each of the vectors over 18 bits using for example an open loop predictive vector quantizer, with a prediction coefficient equal to 0.6, of type SPLIT -VQ relating to two sub-packets of 5 consecutive LSFs to which each is allocated 9 bits. Two bits are used to transmit the number of the selection scheme used.
- an LPC filter is not quantized, its value is estimated from that of the LPC filters quantized by linear interpolation for example, or by extrapolation by duplication for example of the previous LPC filter.
- a vector quantization process by packets could be constituted as described in the article by MM KK PALIWAL, BS.
- ATAL titled "Efficient Vector Quantization of LPC Parameters at 24 bits / frame" and published in IEEE transaction on Speech and Audio Processing, Vol.1, January 1 993.
- the allocation of the bits for the transmission of the LSF parameters, of the energy, of the pitch and of the voicing which results from the coding method implemented by the invention is represented in the table of FIG. 9 in the context of a 1200 bit / s vocoder in which the parameters are coded every 67.5 ms; 81 bits are available in each super frame to encode the signal parameters. These 81 bits break down into 54 LSF bits, 2 bits for decimating the LSF scheme, twice 6 bits for energy, 6 bits for pitch and 5 bits for voicing.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
- Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
- Devices For Executing Special Programs (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9812500 | 1998-10-06 | ||
FR9812500A FR2784218B1 (fr) | 1998-10-06 | 1998-10-06 | Procede de codage de la parole a bas debit |
PCT/FR1999/002348 WO2000021077A1 (fr) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-10-01 | Procede de quantification des parametres d'un codeur de parole |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1125283A1 true EP1125283A1 (fr) | 2001-08-22 |
EP1125283B1 EP1125283B1 (fr) | 2002-08-07 |
Family
ID=9531246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99946281A Expired - Lifetime EP1125283B1 (fr) | 1998-10-06 | 1999-10-01 | Procede de quantification des parametres d'un codeur de parole |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6687667B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1125283B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4558205B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20010075491A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE222016T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU768744B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2345373A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69902480T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2784218B1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL141911A0 (fr) |
MX (1) | MXPA01003150A (fr) |
TW (1) | TW463143B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000021077A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7315815B1 (en) * | 1999-09-22 | 2008-01-01 | Microsoft Corporation | LPC-harmonic vocoder with superframe structure |
FR2815457B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-18 | 2003-02-14 | Thomson Csf | Procede de codage de la prosodie pour un codeur de parole a tres bas debit |
KR100355033B1 (ko) * | 2000-12-30 | 2002-10-19 | 주식회사 실트로닉 테크놀로지 | 선형예측 분석을 이용한 워터마크 삽입/추출 장치 및 그방법 |
CA2388439A1 (fr) * | 2002-05-31 | 2003-11-30 | Voiceage Corporation | Methode et dispositif de dissimulation d'effacement de cadres dans des codecs de la parole a prevision lineaire |
US7668712B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2010-02-23 | Microsoft Corporation | Audio encoding and decoding with intra frames and adaptive forward error correction |
US8219391B2 (en) * | 2005-02-15 | 2012-07-10 | Raytheon Bbn Technologies Corp. | Speech analyzing system with speech codebook |
US7707034B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2010-04-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Audio codec post-filter |
US7177804B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2007-02-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Sub-band voice codec with multi-stage codebooks and redundant coding |
US7831421B2 (en) | 2005-05-31 | 2010-11-09 | Microsoft Corporation | Robust decoder |
CN101009096B (zh) * | 2006-12-15 | 2011-01-26 | 清华大学 | 子带清浊音模糊判决的方法 |
WO2008092473A1 (fr) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-08-07 | Telecom Italia S.P.A. | Procédé et système personnalisables de reconnaissance d'émotions |
KR101317269B1 (ko) | 2007-06-07 | 2013-10-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 정현파 오디오 코딩 방법 및 장치, 그리고 정현파 오디오디코딩 방법 및 장치 |
CA2972808C (fr) * | 2008-07-10 | 2018-12-18 | Voiceage Corporation | Quantification de filtre a codage predictif lineaire a reference multiple et dispositif et procede de quantification inverse |
GB2466201B (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2012-07-11 | Skype Ltd | Regeneration of wideband speech |
US9947340B2 (en) * | 2008-12-10 | 2018-04-17 | Skype | Regeneration of wideband speech |
GB0822537D0 (en) | 2008-12-10 | 2009-01-14 | Skype Ltd | Regeneration of wideband speech |
US9465836B2 (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2016-10-11 | Sap Se | Enhanced business object retrieval |
JP6201043B2 (ja) | 2013-06-21 | 2017-09-20 | フラウンホーファーゲゼルシャフト ツール フォルデルング デル アンゲヴァンテン フォルシユング エー.フアー. | エラー封じ込め中の切替音声符号化システムについての向上した信号フェードアウトのための装置及び方法 |
JP7130878B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-13 | 2022-09-05 | 華為技術有限公司 | 高分解能オーディオコーディング |
Family Cites Families (7)
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US5255339A (en) * | 1991-07-19 | 1993-10-19 | Motorola, Inc. | Low bit rate vocoder means and method |
US5774837A (en) * | 1995-09-13 | 1998-06-30 | Voxware, Inc. | Speech coding system and method using voicing probability determination |
DE69724819D1 (de) * | 1996-07-05 | 2003-10-16 | Univ Manchester | Sprachkodier- und dekodiersystem |
US6131084A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 2000-10-10 | Digital Voice Systems, Inc. | Dual subframe quantization of spectral magnitudes |
FR2774827B1 (fr) * | 1998-02-06 | 2000-04-14 | France Telecom | Procede de decodage d'un flux binaire representatif d'un signal audio |
US6094629A (en) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-07-25 | Lockheed Martin Corp. | Speech coding system and method including spectral quantizer |
FR2786908B1 (fr) * | 1998-12-04 | 2001-06-08 | Thomson Csf | Procede et dispositif pour le traitement des sons pour correction auditive des malentendants |
-
1998
- 1998-10-06 FR FR9812500A patent/FR2784218B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-10-01 AT AT99946281T patent/ATE222016T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-01 WO PCT/FR1999/002348 patent/WO2000021077A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-01 US US09/806,993 patent/US6687667B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-01 EP EP99946281A patent/EP1125283B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-01 DE DE69902480T patent/DE69902480T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-10-01 MX MXPA01003150A patent/MXPA01003150A/es not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-10-01 KR KR1020017004080A patent/KR20010075491A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-10-01 CA CA002345373A patent/CA2345373A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1999-10-01 JP JP2000575121A patent/JP4558205B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-10-01 IL IL14191199A patent/IL141911A0/xx unknown
- 1999-10-01 AU AU58702/99A patent/AU768744B2/en not_active Ceased
-
2000
- 2000-03-30 TW TW089105887A patent/TW463143B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0021077A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69902480D1 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
DE69902480T2 (de) | 2003-05-22 |
JP2002527778A (ja) | 2002-08-27 |
TW463143B (en) | 2001-11-11 |
JP4558205B2 (ja) | 2010-10-06 |
FR2784218A1 (fr) | 2000-04-07 |
ATE222016T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
MXPA01003150A (es) | 2002-07-02 |
AU768744B2 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
AU5870299A (en) | 2000-04-26 |
WO2000021077A1 (fr) | 2000-04-13 |
US6687667B1 (en) | 2004-02-03 |
FR2784218B1 (fr) | 2000-12-08 |
IL141911A0 (en) | 2002-03-10 |
KR20010075491A (ko) | 2001-08-09 |
EP1125283B1 (fr) | 2002-08-07 |
CA2345373A1 (fr) | 2000-04-13 |
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