EP1124897A1

EP1124897A1 - Rubber composition

Info

Publication number: EP1124897A1
Application number: EP99971825A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Lambertus Adrianus Van Der Groep; Johan Stefaan Piet Billiet
Original assignee: Bennet Intellectual BV
Current assignee: Bennet Intellectual BV
Priority date: 1998-11-06
Filing date: 1999-11-08
Publication date: 2001-08-22
Also published as: CA2350719A1; WO2000027915A1; AU1190200A

Abstract

The invention is directed to a rubber composition comprising: an amount of 5 to 70 parts by weight of vulcanised, ground rubber scrap; an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight of a combination of at least one EPDM rubber and at least one EVA copolymer, the EPDM rubber and the EVA copolymer having undergone a partial condensation reaction with an ethylene copolymer having short chain branching; an amount of 20 to 95 parts by weight of virgin rubber.

Description

Title: Rubber composition

The invention is in the field of recycling used vulcanised_t natural and synthetic rubber, more in particular in the field of recycling vulcanised, ground tire rubber, profiles, production waste and post consumer waste, to produce polymer blends having useful properties.

In the recycling of used car tires, the re-use of the rubber part of the tires has always posed substantial problems. As the tire rubber scrap is vulcanised, regular processing methods, like those used for recycling thermoplastic polymers, cannot be used. The rubber scrap is substantially inert. Incineration and landfill are still the major methods for disposal of old tires and recycling is limited.

In a review article on the re-use of ground rubber tire scrap (GRT) in Scheirs, J. ; Polymer Recycling-Science, Technology and Applications; John Wiley & Sons; Chichester, 1998; pag. 411-457, it has been indicated that filler applications are still the main use of GRT. Re-use in virgin material is still possible only to extends below about 10 wt.%, as the GRT acts as filler only.

In the past some experiments have been done with reuse of vulcanised, ground rubber scrap from tires, by blending them with polyolefins, using compatibility enhancers, such as functionalized olefin polymers. In US patent specification 5,157,082 various compatibility enhancers have been disclosed. However, this method has only limited use because of the expense of the specific additives. Further, the properties of the final material are still not sufficient to gain wide market acceptance. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for systems, wherein vulcanised, ground rubber scrap can be used in such a way that useful rubber compositions are obtained; more in particular in useful blends with the same material as the origin of the rubber. Further, there is a need for the use of this rubber scrap in said compositions, which compositions may have a wide variety of physical and mechanical properties such as useful hardness, values, ozone resistance, and the ability to process the material on conventional rubber processing equipment. More in particular there is a need for re-use of ground rubber scrap in applications, wherein the scrap replaces virgin rubber, while maintaining the properties of the original virgin rubber. In this respect the term 'virgin rubber' is intended to indicate rubber that has not yet undergone a vulcanisation or other crosslinking treatment. The term 'rubber' is used in the conventional sense of a polymeric substance having a glass transition temperature well below -35°C, as defined in ASTM D3418. The present invention is accordingly directed to a rubber composition comprising an amount of 5 to 70 parts by weight of vulcanised, ground rubber scrap, an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight of a combination of at least one EPDM rubber and at least one EVA copolymer, the EPDM rubber and the EVA copolymer having undergone a partial condensation reaction with an ethylene copolymer having short chain branching an amount of 20 to 95 parts by weight of virgin rubber .

Surprisingly, it has been found that such a rubber composition, comprising on the one hand ground rubber scrap and on the other hand the reaction product of EPDM and EVA provides a superior quality rubber composition having properties that may range from thermoplastic rubbers to vulcanisable rubbers.

According to a first embodiment such a rubber composition comprises 10 - 40 parts by weight of vulcanised, ground rubber scrap, 15 - 45 wt . % of the condensation product of EPDM rubber and EVA copolymer and 20 to 75 parts by weight of virgin rubber. According to another embodiment the rubber composition comprises additionally an amount of from 1 to 20 parts by weight of oil, preferably a paraffinic oil.

When preparing the rubber composition according to the invention it is preferred to react EPDM, EVA, ethylene copolymer and (optional) other components together to give the reaction product, which is then blended with the rubber scrap, the virgin rubber and optional further components.

It is to be noted that the method of making a reaction product from EPDM, EVA and other polymers have been described in various patent publications, such as US patent numbers 4,877,827, 5,001,195, 4,997,880 and 5,017,659. In the invention the product prepared according to these patents may be used, or products having minor modifications thereof. The contents of the said US patent specifications are incorporated herein by way of reference .

In the composition of the present invention at least one EPDM rubber should be present . This rubber is based on ethylene, propylene and at least one diene monomer, such as those conventionally used. Examples are dicyclopentadiene, hexadiene, ethylidene-norbornene and the like. It is preferred to use an EPDM that has a Mooney viscosity ML (1+4) at 125°C between 8 and 60.

With respect to the EVA component, the copolymer of ethylene and vinylacetate, it is to be noted that the same comments apply. According to a preferred embodiment at least one ethylene vinylacetate copolymer having a vinylacetate content of between 25 and 40 wt . % is used. In accordance with another preferred embodiment a combination of at least 2 EVA copolymers is being used, one having a vinylacetate content between 25 and 40 wt . % , whereas the other one has a vinylacetate content between 10 and 20 wt . % . The relative amounts of the two products are preferably between 1 : 2 to 2 :1.

As has been indicated previously the invention requires that part of the EPDM and part of the EVA have undergone a chemical reaction. In the preparation, the reaction conditions disclosed in the cited US patents can be used.

According to the invention the condensation product has undergone a reaction with an ethylene polymer having short chain branching. This polymer is suitably a linear low density polyethylene, based on ethylene and at least one C₄ to C₈ copolymer. The amount of the copolymer ranges between 5 and 40 wt . % calculated on the weight of EPDM, EVA and the copolymer together. In the present invention it is possible to use vulcanised, ground rubber scrap, such as ground tire rubber (GTR) , which forms the largest amount of the rubber to be recycled. However, it is also possible to use other vulcanised natural or synthetic rubbers in the present invention such as vulcanised SBR, vulcanised blends of natural rubber and SBR, and vulcanised EPDM, BAN, butyl, chlorobutyl or chloroprene rubber. Before use in the present invention the vulcanised rubber is comminuted, preferably grinded, preferably under cryogenic conditions until a particle size preferably between 0.05 and 1.0 mm, preferably between 0.05 and 0.5 mm has been obtained. It is to be noted that GTR usually does not contain substantial amounts of fibres or steel from the tires.

It is to be noted that the amounts of the condensation product and the grinded rubber scrap are related. Preferably the amount of scrap is at most 5 time the amount of the condensation product, taking into account the particle size of the scrap, finer particles requiring higher amounts of condensation product . Further a preferred component of the polymer composition according to the invention is an oil component, such as a paraffinic oil. This oil is preferably a regular paraffinic oil that is used for extending rubbers.

The product of the invention further contains an amount of virgin rubber, preferably of the same or comparable type as the scrap. Virgin rubbers suitable are both natural and synthetic rubbers, or blends of two or more types of rubber. As synthetic rubbers one may use nitril rubber, SBR, EPDM rubber, butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, chlorinates polyethylene (CPE) , neoprene rubber, polyisoprene, and the like.

The composition can be processed into conventional rubber compositions, having the same properties as those based on virgin rubbers, using the same or comparable recipes as those valid for virgin materials. In this respect it is to be noted that the recipes can be used as such, just replacing the virgin material by the combination of the scrap and the condensation product . The amounts of rubber that may be replaced vary in dependence of the type of final product. For thermoplastic rubber compositions this may be up to 70 wt . % of the total composition, whereas for vulcanisable materials this may be up to 40 wt . % .

Depending on the required properties the recipe may be changed, such as the type of vulcanisation (or not) , amount of oil, fillers and the like. The rubber composition according to the invention can be used as such, as a thermoplastic elastomer. By careful selection of the rubber, which is usually applied in an amount of 20 to 40 wt . % based on the final blend, it is possible to prepare a whole range of products from (re) vulcanisable rubbers to thermoplastic elastomers having a very high hardness value of up to 50 Shore D. Those products may be used in the conventional manner just as the regular virgin products would be used. This means that the rubbers may for example be filled with carbon and other conventional components. It is also possible to vulcanise the rubber composition of the invention.

The invention is now elucidated on the basis of the following examples. Example

A blend was prepared from 50 wt . % grinded tire scrap, based on a vulcanised blend of NBR and SBR, 10 wt . % oil (OBI 10) and 40 wt . % of the reaction product of 47.5 wt . % of an EVA copolymer having 28 wt . % vinylacetate, 47.5 wt . % EPDM and 5 wt . % of LLDPE, as described in Example 5 of US patent specification No. 4,877,827.

This blend was mixed in a Banbury mixer at a temperature of 180°C and granulated. The resulting material was tested and the results were as follows:

Hardness (ISO 7619) 57

Hardness (168h at 70°C) 51 Tensile strength (ISO 37) 2.9 MPa

Tensile strength (168h at 70°C) 3.0 MPa

Elongation at break (ISO 37) 400%

Elongation at break (168h at 70°C) 360%

Ozone resistance (ISO 1431-1) 480 h, 200 pphm, 40°c, 50% elong. no effect

Liquid resistance (ISO 1817) 0% [v/v]

Example 2

Various compounds were prepared, based on EPDM rubber scrap and virgin EPDM, with various additives as enumerated in Table 1. The amounts given in table 1 are based in wt . % . The results of various tests, showing the importance of adding the reaction product to obtain good properties, have been included in the tables 2-4. TABLE 1

Compound l a l b l c

Virgin EPDM 10 20 35

Grinded EPDM scrap from profiles; 200-300 micron 50 55 55

Reaction product 30 15

Paraffinic oil 10 10 10

100 100 100

Compound II a M b

Virgin EPDM 42 32

Grinded EPDM scrap from automotive profiles; < 400 micron 8.3

Reaction product 1.7

Paraffinic oil 21 21

Carbon black 33 33

Mixture vulcanization compounds 4 4

100 100

Compound Ili a* III b* lli c*

Virgin EPDM 100 80 76

Grinded EPDM scrap from profiles; 300-350 micron 20 20

Reaction product 4

*Ratio's of the components are based on the total rubber content of the mixture; the mixture is oil-filled and vulcanized

TABLE 2

Compound l a l b l c

Hardness Shore A 74 69 67

Hardness after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C Shore A 69 74 68

Hardness after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C; Change Shore A -5 + 5 + 1

Tensile strength MPa 4.2 3.8 2.7

Tensile strength after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C MPa 4.3 3.9 2.8

Tensile strength after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C; Change % + 2,4 + 2,6 + 2,0

Modulus 100% MPa 1.9 1.4 Modulus 200% MPa 2.5 2.0 Modulus 300% MPa 3.2 2.5

Elongation at break % 360 411 318

Elongation at break after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C % 335 408

Elongation at break after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C; Change % - 7 - 0,7

Tear strength N/mm 32 13 8.7

Rebounce % 46 41

Abrasion mm³ 264 198 259

Compression set, 22 hr at 21 °C % 35 36 Compression set, 22 hr at 23 °C % 32 Compression set, 22 hr at 50 °C % 76 Compression set, 22 hr at 70 °C % 97 59 97 Compression set, 22 hr at 100 °C % 106

Ozone resistance after 480 hr at 40 °C, 200 pphm, 50% elongation No cracks

TABLE 3

Compound II a li b

Hardness Shore A 67 59

Hardness after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C Shore A 68 62

Hardness after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C; Change Shore A + 1 + 3

Tensile strength MPa 14.7 11.4

Modulus 100% MPa 3.7 1.8 Modulus 200% MPa 8.2 4.1 Modulus 300% MPa 13.1 6.4

Elongation at break % 331 529

Tear strength N/mm 16 12.2 Rebounce % 48 47

Compression set, 22 hr at 100 °C % 4.3 12

TABLE 4

Compound Ili a 1K b lli c

Hardness Shore A 72 61

Hardness after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C Shore A 75 72 61

Hardness after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C; Change Shore A + 3 + 4 0

Mooney ML(1 + 4) 100 °C 50.2 46.2 52.5

Tensile strength MPa 10.0 9.3 10.6

Tensile strength after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C MPa 10.8 5.1 11.1

Hardness after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C; Change % + 8 -45 + 4.7

Modulus 100% MPa 3.5 3.1 1.9 Modulus 200% MPa 6.8 7.2 3.4 Modulus 300% MPa 9.4 9.1 4.8

Elongation at break % 337 308 631

Elongation at break after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C % 336 289 656

Elongation at break after thermal aging, 168 hr at 70 °C; Change % -0,3 -6,2 + 4,0

Tear strength N/mm 7.1 5.8 15.7

Rebounce % 35 39 40

Abrasion mm³ 217 208 198

Compression set, 22 hr at 21 °C % 21.7 13.5 Compression set, 70 hr at 21 °C % 16.7 Compression set, 22 hr at 70 °C % 18.5 15.8 Compression set, 24 hr at 70 °C % 16.2

Claims

1. Rubber composition comprising an amount of 5 to 70 parts by weight of vulcanised, ground rubber scrap, an amount of 1 to 30 parts by weight of a combination of at least one EPDM rubber and at least one EVA copolymer, the EPDM rubber and the EVA copolymer having undergone a partial condensation reaction with an ethylene copolymer having short chain branching an amount of 20 to 95 parts by weight of virgin rubber .

2. Rubber composition according to claim 1 or 2 , further comprising, 1 - 20 wt . % of paraffinic or aromatic oil, preferably parraffinic oil.

3. Rubber composition according to claim 1 or 2 , comprising

10 - 40 parts by weight of vulcanised, ground rubber scrap, 15 - 45 wt.% of the condensation product of EPDM rubber and EVA copolymer, and

20 to 75 parts by weight of virgin rubber.

4. Rubber composition according to claim 1-3, wherein the vulcanised, ground rubber scrap is tire rubber scrap, profile scrap, grinded post consumer waste or post production waste .

5. Rubber composition according to claim 1-4, wherein the ethylene copolymer having short chain branching is linear low density polyethylene, preferably based on C₄, C₆ and/or C₈ copolymers of ethylene.

6. Rubber composition according to claim 1-5, wherein the amount of ethylene copolymer having short chain branching is between 5 and 20 wt.% of the weight of the condensation product .

7. Rubber composition according to claim 1-6, wherein the ground rubber scrap has a particle size of between 0.05 and 1.0 mm, preferably between 0.05 and 0.5 mm.

8. Rubber composition according to claim 1-7, wherein additionally conventional rubber additives are present, including fillers and vulcanisation additives.

9. Use of the rubber composition according to claim 1-8 as virgin rubber composition.