EP1104005A1 - Gas discharge lamp having an oxide emitter electrode - Google Patents
Gas discharge lamp having an oxide emitter electrode Download PDFInfo
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- EP1104005A1 EP1104005A1 EP00204015A EP00204015A EP1104005A1 EP 1104005 A1 EP1104005 A1 EP 1104005A1 EP 00204015 A EP00204015 A EP 00204015A EP 00204015 A EP00204015 A EP 00204015A EP 1104005 A1 EP1104005 A1 EP 1104005A1
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- Prior art keywords
- metal
- gas discharge
- electrode
- oxide
- discharge lamp
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0675—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
- H01J61/0677—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode characterised by the electron emissive material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0675—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0735—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
- H01J61/02—Details
- H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
- H01J61/06—Main electrodes
- H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
- H01J61/0735—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
- H01J61/0737—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode characterised by the electron emissive material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas discharge lamp, in particular a low-pressure gas discharge lamp, equipped with an electrode that has a support made of an electrode metal and an electrode coating made of an electron-emissive material Metal powder and at least one alkaline earth oxide, selected from the group calcium oxide, Strontium oxide and barium oxide.
- the generation of light in a gas discharge lamp is based on the ionization and the resulting one electrical discharge of the atoms of the filling gas of the lamp when an electrical Electricity flows through the lamp. Electrons become from the electrodes of the lamp emitted, which is accelerated so strongly by the electric field between the electrodes, that when they collide with the gas atoms, they can excite and ionize them. When the gas atoms return to their basic state and when recombining Electrons and ions become a more or less large part of the potential energy in Radiation converted.
- the amount of electrons that can be emitted by the electrodes depends on the work function of the electrodes for electrons. Tungsten in the Usually used as an electrode metal itself has a relatively high work function. Therefore, the electrode metal is usually coated with a material the main task of which is the electron-emitting properties of the electrode metal to improve. Characteristic of the electron-emitting coating materials of electrodes in gas discharge lamps is that they contain an alkaline earth metal, either in the form of alkaline earth metal oxide or one containing alkaline earth metal Starting compound (precursor) for the alkaline earth metal oxide.
- Low-pressure gas discharge lamps of a conventional type are therefore usually with electrodes equipped with tungsten wires with an electron-emitting coating, contains the oxides of the alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium and barium.
- a tungsten wire is used, for example, with the Carbonates of the alkaline earth metals coated in a binder preparation. While pumping and baking the lamp, the carbonates at temperatures of about 1000 ° C converted into the oxides. After this burning of the electrode, it delivers already a noticeable emission current, which is not yet stable, however. It still follows an activation process. This activation process turns the originally non-conductive Ion lattice of alkaline earth oxides is transformed into an electronic semiconductor by Donor-type impurities are incorporated into the crystal lattice of the oxides. These imperfections consist essentially of elemental alkaline earth metal, e.g. B. calcium, strontium or barium.
- elemental alkaline earth metal e.g. B. calcium, strontium or barium.
- the electron emission of such electrodes is based on this impurity mechanism.
- the purpose of the activation process is to provide a sufficient amount of to create excess, elementary alkaline earth metal, through which the oxides in the electron-emitting coating with a prescribed heating output the maximum Can deliver emission current.
- the electrode coating namely, continually loses alkaline earth metal during the life of the lamp, partly because the electrode coating evaporates slowly, partly due to the ion current is sputtered in the lamp.
- the elemental alkaline earth metal is produced by reducing the alkaline earth oxide on the tungsten wire always supplied again during operation of the lamp. This subsequent delivery comes to a standstill, however, when the tungsten wire passes through a high-resistance interface (interface) made of tungsten oxide, alkaline earth silicate or alkaline earth tungstate is passivated.
- the electron-emitting substance in addition to alkaline earth carbonate and zirconium oxide 3 to 15% by weight of a reducing agent Contains metal powder with a high melting point, the reducing Metal powder from at least one metal from tantalum, niobium, tungsten and molybdenum existing group is selected, and the electron-emitting substance so is distributed that they cover the entire winding core of the coil down to the two end turns the multiple filament fills out of filament.
- the metal powders made of tantalum, niobium, tungsten or molybdenum are also surrounded - just like the electrode carrier wire - over time with a passivating interface from tungsten oxide, alkaline earth silicate or alkaline earth tungstate, or from the corresponding Niobium, tantalum or molybdenum compounds.
- the object is achieved by a gas discharge lamp equipped with an electrode, a carrier made of an electrode metal and a first electrode coating Made of an electron-emitting material that is a metal powder preparation from a powder of a reducing metal, selected from the group aluminum, Silicon, titanium, zircon, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys, with a powder coating with a precious metal selected from the group rhenium, Cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium and platinum and their alloys, and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide selected from the group calcium oxide, Strontium oxide and barium oxide.
- a metal powder preparation from a powder of a reducing metal selected from the group aluminum, Silicon, titanium, zircon, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys
- a powder coating with a precious metal selected from the group rhenium, Cobalt, nickel, ruthenium,
- Gas discharge lamps with such electrodes last for a long period of time uniform electron emission because of the powder coating of the metal powder with a noble metal, a reaction of the alkaline earth oxide with the reducing Metal during the activation phase in the process of manufacturing the gas discharge lamp avoided.
- the reducing diffuses only during operation of the gas discharge lamp Metal through the powder coating from a precious metal and reduces the alkaline earth oxide to elemental alkaline earth metal.
- Exhaustion of the electron emission is avoided and ensures that during sufficient alkaline earth metal is released throughout the operation of the lamp.
- the Emission current is uniform and uniform and the life of the gas discharge lamp extended.
- the electrodes in these gas discharge lamps are also resistant to poisoning.
- the reject rate in production is low because these electrodes are easily reproducible have it made.
- the gas discharge lamp is between the carrier and the first electrode coating a second electrode coating from a Precious metal selected from the group rhenium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, Rhodium, iridium, platinum.
- a gas discharge lamp has a shortened one Ignition phase, the electrode contained a low work function and a improved electrical conductivity.
- the metal powder preparation consists of a powder made of a tungsten-iridium alloy with a powder coating made of iridium.
- the electron-emitting material additionally contains zirconium oxide contains.
- the metal powder preparation has one average grain size d of 2.0 ⁇ m ⁇ d ⁇ 3.0 ⁇ m.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically the generation of light in a fluorescent lamp.
- Gas discharge lamps can be divided into low-pressure lamps and high-pressure lamps become. They differ in the type of discharge stabilization.
- Fig. 1 shows a low-pressure discharge lamp with mercury filling, e.g. a fluorescent lamp.
- a gas discharge lamp consists of a glass tube 1 in rod, ring or U shape.
- the electrodes 2 are located at the ends of the tube Two-pin base 3.
- the inside of the glass tube is provided with a fluorescent layer 4, whose chemical composition is the spectrum of light or its color certainly.
- the glass tube contains a small amount Mercury or mercury vapor, which stimulates to glow under operating conditions, the Hg resonance line at a wavelength of 253.7 nm in the ultraviolet range emitted.
- the UV radiation emitted excites the phosphors in the phosphor layer to emit light in the visible area 5.
- the lamp further comprises means for igniting and for operating such.
- a gas discharge lamp contains an electron-emitting electrode, which is a carrier made of an electrode metal and a first electrode coating made of an electron-emitting Material includes.
- the carrier made of an electrode metal usually consists of tungsten or one Tungsten alloy, optionally with a molybdenum core, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and their alloys. It can also be made of nickel, platinum, silicon, magnesium, aluminum or their alloys exist.
- the carrier can be used as a wire, spiral, spiral, as corrugated wire, Pipe, ring, plate or ribbon can be shaped. He is usually directly through the Current flow heated.
- a coating of a noble metal can be on the carrier made of an electrode metal selected from the group rhenium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, Iridium, platinum. It preferably consists of an iridium 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m thick or rhenium layer.
- the raw mass for the electron-emitting material is applied to this carrier.
- the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals calcium, Strontium and barium ground and if necessary with each other and with zirconium metal powder mixed.
- the weight ratio of calcium carbonate is typically: Strontium carbonate: barium carbonate: zirconium equals 25.2: 31.5: 40.3: 3 a metal powder of the metals from the group aluminum, silicon, titanium, zircon, hafnium, Tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys with a metal from the Group of rhenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium and platinum with a powder coating from a precious metal such as rhenium, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, Iridium or platinum.
- a metal powder with an average grain size is preferred from 2-3 pm with a 0.1 to 0.2 ⁇ m thick powder coating.
- CVD processes such as fluid bed CVD can be used as powder coating processes become. This coated metal powder is added to the raw mass.
- the raw mass can also be mixed with a binder. It is then through Brushing, dipping, cataphoretic deposition or spraying are applied to the carrier.
- the coated electrodes are melted into the lamp ends.
- the electrodes are formed while the lamp is being evacuated and filled.
- the electrode wire is heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C to 1200 ° C by direct current passage.
- the alkaline earth carbonates are converted to the alkaline earth oxides with the release of CO and CO 2 and then form a porous sintered body.
- the activation takes place, the purpose of which is to supply excess elemental alkaline earth metal embedded in the oxides.
- the excess alkaline earth metal is created by the reduction of alkaline earth metal oxide.
- the alkaline earth oxide is reduced by the released CO or the carrier metal.
- there is a current activation that achieves the required free alkaline earth metal through electrolytic processes at high temperatures.
- the fully formed electron-emissive material can preferably be 2 to 20 percent by weight contain a metal powder preparation.
- the zirconium oxide content can be between Zero and 10 wt .-% lie.
- a triple-wound tungsten wire is coated with rhenium with a layer thickness of 1 ⁇ m coated.
- Tungsten powder is used for the electron-emitting coating an average grain size of 3 ⁇ m in the fluid bed CVD process with a rhenium layer coated with a layer thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m.
- Triple carbonate consisting of Calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate and barium carbonate in a weight ratio of 1: 1.25 : 1.6 is coated with 3% by weight of zirconium metal powder and 10% by weight of the rhenium Tungsten powder and a binder preparation made of nitrocellulose and butyl acetate mixed.
- the rhenium-coated tungsten wire is made with this emission mass coated, then inserted into a lamp bulb and heated to 1000 ° C. At the When the electrode is heated, the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals change into their oxides and the zirconium metal powder into zirconium oxide. This burn-in process can still connect an activation by means of reduction activation or current activation.
- a lamp has a short ignition phase and the emitter electrode has a low work function of 1.42 eV and a conductivity improved by a factor of 2.
- a triple coiled tungsten wire is coated with rhenium with a layer thickness of 1 ⁇ m.
- tungsten powder with an average grain size of 3 ⁇ m is coated with a rhenium layer with a layer thickness of 0.1 ⁇ m in the fluid bed CVD process.
- Triple carbonate consisting of calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate and barium carbonate in a weight ratio of 1: 1.25: 1.6 is mixed with 3% by weight of zirconium metal powder and 10% by weight of the rhenium-coated tungsten powder and a binder preparation made of nitrocellulose and butyl acetate.
- the rhenium-coated tungsten wire is coated with this emission mass, then inserted into a lamp bulb and heated to 1000 ° C.
- the electrode is heated, the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals convert into their oxides and the zirconium metal powder into zirconium oxide.
- the emitter electrode has a low work function of 1.42 eV and a conductivity improved by a factor of 2.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gasentladungslampe, insbesondere eine Niederdruckgasentladungslampe, ausgerüstet mit einer Elektrode, die einen Träger aus einem Elektrodenmetall und eine Elektrodenbeschichtung aus einem elektronenemittierenden Material, das ein Metallpulver und mindestens ein Erdalkalioxid, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Calciumoxid, Strontiumoxid und Bariumoxid, enthält, umfaßt.The invention relates to a gas discharge lamp, in particular a low-pressure gas discharge lamp, equipped with an electrode that has a support made of an electrode metal and an electrode coating made of an electron-emissive material Metal powder and at least one alkaline earth oxide, selected from the group calcium oxide, Strontium oxide and barium oxide.
Die Lichterzeugung in einer Gasentladungslampe beruht auf der Ionisation und der resultierenden elektrischen Entladung der Atome des Füllgases der Lampe, wenn ein elektrischer Strom die Lampe durchfließt. Von den Elektroden der Lampe werden Elektronen emittiert, die durch das elektrische Feld zwischen den Elektroden so stark beschleunigt, dass sie beim Zusammenstoß mit den Gasatomen diese anregen und ionisieren können. Bei der Rückkehr der Gasatome in ihren Grundzustand sowie bei der Rekombination von Elektronen und Ionen wird ein mehr oder weniger großer Teil der potentiellen Energie in Strahlung umgewandelt.The generation of light in a gas discharge lamp is based on the ionization and the resulting one electrical discharge of the atoms of the filling gas of the lamp when an electrical Electricity flows through the lamp. Electrons become from the electrodes of the lamp emitted, which is accelerated so strongly by the electric field between the electrodes, that when they collide with the gas atoms, they can excite and ionize them. When the gas atoms return to their basic state and when recombining Electrons and ions become a more or less large part of the potential energy in Radiation converted.
Die Menge der Elektronen, die von den Elektroden emittiert werden können, hängt von der Austrittsarbeit (work function) der Elektroden für Elektronen ab. Wolfram, das in der Regel als Elektrodenmetall verwendet wird, hat selbst eine relativ hohe Austrittsarbeit. Deshalb wird das Elektrodenmetall üblicherweise noch mit einem Material beschichtet, dessen Hauptaufgabe es ist, die elektronenemittierenden Eigenschaften des Elektrodenmetalls zu verbessern. Charakteristisch für die elektronenemittierenden Beschichtungsmaterialien von Elektroden in Gasentladungslampen ist es, dass sie ein Erdalkalimetall enthalten, entweder in der Form des Erdalkalimetalloxids oder einer erdalkalimetallhaltigen Ausgangsverbindung (precursor) für das Erdalkalimetalloxid.The amount of electrons that can be emitted by the electrodes depends on the work function of the electrodes for electrons. Tungsten in the Usually used as an electrode metal itself has a relatively high work function. Therefore, the electrode metal is usually coated with a material the main task of which is the electron-emitting properties of the electrode metal to improve. Characteristic of the electron-emitting coating materials of electrodes in gas discharge lamps is that they contain an alkaline earth metal, either in the form of alkaline earth metal oxide or one containing alkaline earth metal Starting compound (precursor) for the alkaline earth metal oxide.
Niederdruckgasentladungslampen konventioneller Art sind somit in der Regel mit Elektroden ausgestattet, die aus Wolframdrähten mit einer elektronenemittierenden Beschichtung, die Oxide der Erdalkalimetalle Calcium, Strontium und Barium enthält, bestehen. Low-pressure gas discharge lamps of a conventional type are therefore usually with electrodes equipped with tungsten wires with an electron-emitting coating, contains the oxides of the alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium and barium.
Um eine solche Elektrode herzustellen, wird ein Wolframdraht beispielsweise mit den Carbonaten der Erdalkalimetalle in einer Bindemittelzubereitung beschichtet. Während des Auspumpens und Ausheizens der Lampe werden die Carbonate bei Temperaturen von etwa 1000°C in die Oxide umgewandelt. Nach diesem Abbrennen der Elektrode liefert sie bereits einen merklichen Emissionsstrom, der allerdings noch nicht stabil ist. Es folgt noch ein Aktivierungsprozess. Durch diesen Aktivierungsprozess wird das ursprünglich nichtleitende Ionengitter der Erdalkalioxide in einen elektronischen Halbleiter verwandelt, indem Störstellen vom Donator-Typ in das Kristallgitter der Oxide eingebaut werden. Diese Störstellen bestehen im wesentlichen aus elementarem Erdalkalimetall, z. B. Calcium, Strontium oder Barium. Die Elektronenemission derartiger Elektroden basiert auf diesem Störstellenmechanismus. Der Aktivierungsprozess hat den Zweck, eine genügende Menge von überschüssigem, elementarem Erdalkalimetall zu schaffen, durch das die Oxide in der elektronenemittierenden Beschichtung bei einer vorgeschriebenen Heizleistung den maximalen Emissionsstrom liefern können.To produce such an electrode, a tungsten wire is used, for example, with the Carbonates of the alkaline earth metals coated in a binder preparation. While pumping and baking the lamp, the carbonates at temperatures of about 1000 ° C converted into the oxides. After this burning of the electrode, it delivers already a noticeable emission current, which is not yet stable, however. It still follows an activation process. This activation process turns the originally non-conductive Ion lattice of alkaline earth oxides is transformed into an electronic semiconductor by Donor-type impurities are incorporated into the crystal lattice of the oxides. These imperfections consist essentially of elemental alkaline earth metal, e.g. B. calcium, strontium or barium. The electron emission of such electrodes is based on this impurity mechanism. The purpose of the activation process is to provide a sufficient amount of to create excess, elementary alkaline earth metal, through which the oxides in the electron-emitting coating with a prescribed heating output the maximum Can deliver emission current.
Wichtig für die Funktion dieser Elektroden und die Lebensdauer der Lampe ist es, dass immer wieder erneut elementares Erdalkalimetall zur Verfügung steht. Die Elektrodenbeschichtung verliert nämlich während der Lebensdauer der Lampe ständig Erdalkalimetall, weil die Elektrodenbeschichtung insgesamt teils langsam verdampft, teils durch den Ionenstrom in der Lampe abgesputtert wird.It is important for the function of these electrodes and the life of the lamp that elemental alkaline earth metal is always available. The electrode coating namely, continually loses alkaline earth metal during the life of the lamp, partly because the electrode coating evaporates slowly, partly due to the ion current is sputtered in the lamp.
Das elementare Erdalkalimetall wird durch Reduktion des Erdalkalioxids am Wolframdraht während des Betriebs der Lampe zunächst immer wieder nachgeliefert. Diese Nachlieferung kommt jedoch zum Stillstand, wenn der Wolframdraht mit der Zeit durch eine hochohmige Trennschicht (interface) aus Wolframoxid, Erdalkalisilikat oder Erdalkaliwolframat passiviert wird.The elemental alkaline earth metal is produced by reducing the alkaline earth oxide on the tungsten wire always supplied again during operation of the lamp. This subsequent delivery comes to a standstill, however, when the tungsten wire passes through a high-resistance interface (interface) made of tungsten oxide, alkaline earth silicate or alkaline earth tungstate is passivated.
Um in einer Leuchtstofflampe die Reduktion von Bariumoxid zu elementarem Barium zu verbessern, ist es aus DE 44 15 748 bereits bekannt, dass die elektronenemittierende Substanz neben Erdalkalimischcarbonat und Zirkonoxid weiterhin 3 bis 15 Gew.-% eines reduzierenden Metallpulvers mit einem hohen Schmelzpunkt enthält, wobei das reduzierende Metallpulver aus wenigstens einem Metall der aus Tantal, Niob, Wolfram und Molybdän bestehenden Gruppe ausgewählt ist, und die elektronenemittierende Substanz so verteilt ist, dass sie den gesamten Wicklungskern der Wendel bis hin zu den beiden Abschlusswindungen der Mehrfachwendel aus Glühdraht ausfüllt.To reduce the reduction of barium oxide to elemental barium in a fluorescent lamp improve, it is already known from DE 44 15 748 that the electron-emitting substance in addition to alkaline earth carbonate and zirconium oxide, 3 to 15% by weight of a reducing agent Contains metal powder with a high melting point, the reducing Metal powder from at least one metal from tantalum, niobium, tungsten and molybdenum existing group is selected, and the electron-emitting substance so is distributed that they cover the entire winding core of the coil down to the two end turns the multiple filament fills out of filament.
Die Metallpulver aus Tantal, Niob, Wolfram oder Molybdän umgeben sich aber auch - eben so wie der Elektrodenträgerdraht - mit der Zeit mit einer passivierenden Trennschicht aus Wolframoxid, Erdalkalisilikat oder Erdalkaliwolframat, bzw. aus den entsprechenden Niob-, Tantal- oder Molybdänverbindungen.The metal powders made of tantalum, niobium, tungsten or molybdenum are also surrounded - just like the electrode carrier wire - over time with a passivating interface from tungsten oxide, alkaline earth silicate or alkaline earth tungstate, or from the corresponding Niobium, tantalum or molybdenum compounds.
Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Gasentladungslampe, die eine verlängerte Lebensdauer und einen verbesserten Emissionsstrom hat, zu schaffen.It is the object of the present invention to provide a gas discharge lamp which is an extended one Lifetime and an improved emission current has to create.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe gelöst durch eine Gasentladungslampe ausgerüstet mit einer Elektrode, die einen Träger aus einem Elektrodenmetall und eine erste Elektrodenbeschichtung aus einem elektronenemittierenden Material, das eine Metallpulverzubereitung aus einem Pulver eines reduzierenden Metalls, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Aluminium, Silicium, Titan, Zirkon, Hafnium, Tantal, Molybdän, Wolfram und deren Legierungen, mit einer Pulverbeschichtung mit einem Edelmetall ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Rhenium, Kobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Palladium, Rhodium, Iridium und Platin und deren Legierungen, und mindestens ein Erdalkalimetalloxid, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Calciumoxid, Strontiumoxid und Bariumoxid, umfaßt.According to the invention, the object is achieved by a gas discharge lamp equipped with an electrode, a carrier made of an electrode metal and a first electrode coating Made of an electron-emitting material that is a metal powder preparation from a powder of a reducing metal, selected from the group aluminum, Silicon, titanium, zircon, hafnium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys, with a powder coating with a precious metal selected from the group rhenium, Cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium and platinum and their alloys, and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide selected from the group calcium oxide, Strontium oxide and barium oxide.
Gasentladungslampen mit derartigen Elektroden haben über eine langen Zeitraum hin eine gleichmäßige Elektronenemission, weil durch die Pulverbeschichtung des Metallpulvers mit einem Edelmetall wird eine Reaktion des Erdalkalioxids mit dem reduzierenden Metall während der Aktivierungsphase beim Herstellungsprozeß der Gasentladungslampe vermieden. Erst während des Betriebs der Gasentladungslampe diffundiert das reduzierende Metall durch die Pulverbeschichtung aus einem Edelmetall und reduziert das Erdalkalioxid zu elementarem Erdalkalimetall. Durch die kontinuierliche Erdalkali-Nachführung wird eine Erschöpfung der Elektronenemission vermieden und gewährleistet, dass während des ganzen Betriebes der Lampe ausreichend metallisches Erdalkali freigesetzt wird. Der Emissionsstrom ist einheitlich und gleichförmig und die Lebensdauer der Gasentladungslampe verlängert. Gas discharge lamps with such electrodes last for a long period of time uniform electron emission because of the powder coating of the metal powder with a noble metal, a reaction of the alkaline earth oxide with the reducing Metal during the activation phase in the process of manufacturing the gas discharge lamp avoided. The reducing diffuses only during operation of the gas discharge lamp Metal through the powder coating from a precious metal and reduces the alkaline earth oxide to elemental alkaline earth metal. Through the continuous alkaline earth tracking Exhaustion of the electron emission is avoided and ensures that during sufficient alkaline earth metal is released throughout the operation of the lamp. The Emission current is uniform and uniform and the life of the gas discharge lamp extended.
Die Elektroden in diesen Gasentladungslampen sind auch widerstandsfähig gegen Vergiftung. Die Ausschußrate in der Fertigung ist gering, da sich diese Elektroden leicht reproduzierbar herstellen lassen.The electrodes in these gas discharge lamps are also resistant to poisoning. The reject rate in production is low because these electrodes are easily reproducible have it made.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Gasentladungslampe ist zwischen dem Träger und der ersten Elektrodenbeschichtung eine zweite Elektrodenbeschichtung aus einem Edelmetall ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Rhenium, Kobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Palladium, Rhodium, Iridium, Platin, angeordnet. Eine derartige Gasentladungslampe hat eine verkürzte Zündphase, die darin enthaltene Elektrode eine niedrige Austrittsarbeit und eine verbesserte elektrische Leitfähigkeit.According to a preferred embodiment of the gas discharge lamp is between the carrier and the first electrode coating a second electrode coating from a Precious metal selected from the group rhenium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, Rhodium, iridium, platinum. Such a gas discharge lamp has a shortened one Ignition phase, the electrode contained a low work function and a improved electrical conductivity.
Es kann bevorzugt sein, dass die Metallpulverzubereitung aus einem Pulver aus einer Wolfram-Iridium-Legierung mit einer Pulverbeschichtung aus Iridium besteht.It may be preferred that the metal powder preparation consists of a powder made of a tungsten-iridium alloy with a powder coating made of iridium.
Es kann auch bevorzugt sein, dass das elektronenemittierende Material zusätzlich Zirkonoxid enthält.It may also be preferred that the electron-emitting material additionally contains zirconium oxide contains.
Nach einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform hat die Metallpulverzubereitung eine mittlere Korngröße d von 2.0 µm ≤ d ≤ 3.0 um.According to another preferred embodiment, the metal powder preparation has one average grain size d of 2.0 µm ≤ d ≤ 3.0 µm.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand einer Figur und zweier Ausführungsbeispiele weiter erläutert.The invention is illustrated below with the aid of a figure and two exemplary embodiments explained further.
Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch die Lichterzeugung in einer Leuchtstofflampe.Fig. 1 shows schematically the generation of light in a fluorescent lamp.
Gasentladungslampen können in Niederdrucklampen und in Hochdrucklampen eingeteilt
werden. Unterscheiden tun sie sich in der Art der Stabilisierung der Entladung. Fig. 1 zeigt
beispielhaft eine Niederdruck-Entladungslampe mit Quecksilberfüllung, d.h. eine Leuchtstofflampe.
Eine solche Gasentladungslampe besteht aus einem Glasrohr 1 in Stab-, Ring
oder U-Form. An den Enden des Rohrs befinden sich die Elektroden 2. Als Anschluß dienen
Zweistiftsockel 3. Die Innenseite des Glasrohrs ist mit einer Leuchtstoffschicht 4 versehen,
deren chemische Zusammensetzung das Spektrum des Lichts bzw. dessen Farbton
bestimmt. Das Glasrohr enthält neben einer Edelgasfüllung aus Argon eine geringe Menge
Quecksilber bzw. Quecksilberdampf, der unter Betriebsbedingungen zum Leuchten angeregt,
die Hg-Resonanzlinie bei einer Wellenlänge von 253,7 nm im Ultraviolettbereich
emittiert. Die ausgesendete UV-Strahlung regt die Leuchtstoffe in der Leuchtstoffschicht
zur Emission von Licht im sichtbaren Bereich 5 an.Gas discharge lamps can be divided into low-pressure lamps and high-pressure lamps
become. They differ in the type of discharge stabilization. Fig. 1 shows
a low-pressure discharge lamp with mercury filling, e.g. a fluorescent lamp.
Such a gas discharge lamp consists of a glass tube 1 in rod, ring
or U shape. The
Die Lampe umfaßt weiterhin Mittel zum Zünden und zum Betreiben, z. B. eine Drosselspule und einen Starter.The lamp further comprises means for igniting and for operating such. B. a choke coil and a starter.
Eine Gasentladungslampe enthält eine elektronenemittierende Elektrode, die einen Träger aus einem Elektrodenmetall und eine erste Elektrodenbeschichtung aus einem elektronenemittierenden Material umfaßt.A gas discharge lamp contains an electron-emitting electrode, which is a carrier made of an electrode metal and a first electrode coating made of an electron-emitting Material includes.
Der Träger aus einem Elektrodenmetall besteht üblicherweise aus Wolfram oder einer Wolframlegierung, gegebenenfalls mit einer Molybdänseele, Molybdän, Niob, Tantal und deren Legierungen. Er kann auch aus Nickel, Platin, Silicium, Magnesium, Aluminium oder deren Legierungen bestehen. Der Träger kann als Draht, Wendel, Spirale, als Welldraht, Rohr, Ring, Platte oder Band geformt sein. Er wird üblicherweise direkt durch den Stromfluß geheizt.The carrier made of an electrode metal usually consists of tungsten or one Tungsten alloy, optionally with a molybdenum core, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum and their alloys. It can also be made of nickel, platinum, silicon, magnesium, aluminum or their alloys exist. The carrier can be used as a wire, spiral, spiral, as corrugated wire, Pipe, ring, plate or ribbon can be shaped. He is usually directly through the Current flow heated.
Auf dem Träger aus einem Elektrodenmetall kann eine Beschichtung aus einem Edelmetall ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Rhenium, Kobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Palladium, Rhodium, Iridium, Platin, angeordnet sein. Bevorzugt besteht sie aus einer 0.1 bis 2 µm dicken Iridium- oder Rheniumschicht.A coating of a noble metal can be on the carrier made of an electrode metal selected from the group rhenium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, Iridium, platinum. It preferably consists of an iridium 0.1 to 2 μm thick or rhenium layer.
Auf diesen Träger wird die Rohmasse für das elektronenemittierende Material aufgebracht. Zur Herstellung der Rohmasse werden die Carbonate der Erdalkalimetalle Calcium, Strontium und Barium gemahlen und gegebenenfalls miteinander und mit Zirkonmetallpulver gemischt. Typischerweise beträgt das Gewichtsverhältnis von Calciumcarbonat : Strontiumcarbonat : Bariumcarbonat : Zirkon gleich 25,2 : 31,5 : 40,3 : 3. Weiterhin wird ein Metallpulver der Metalle aus der Gruppe Aluminium, Silicium, Titan, Zirkon, Hafnium, Tantal, Molybdän, Wolfram und deren Legierungen mit einem Metall aus der Gruppe Rhenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Iridium und Platin mit einer Pulverbeschichtung aus einem Edelmetall wie Rhenium, Nickel, Kobalt, Ruthenium, Palladium, Rhodium, Iridium oder Platin versehen. Bevorzugt wird ein Metallpulver mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 2-3 pm mit einer 0.1 bis 0.2 µm dicken Pulverbeschichtung verwendet.The raw mass for the electron-emitting material is applied to this carrier. The carbonates of the alkaline earth metals calcium, Strontium and barium ground and if necessary with each other and with zirconium metal powder mixed. The weight ratio of calcium carbonate is typically: Strontium carbonate: barium carbonate: zirconium equals 25.2: 31.5: 40.3: 3 a metal powder of the metals from the group aluminum, silicon, titanium, zircon, hafnium, Tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten and their alloys with a metal from the Group of rhenium, rhodium, palladium, iridium and platinum with a powder coating from a precious metal such as rhenium, nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, Iridium or platinum. A metal powder with an average grain size is preferred from 2-3 pm with a 0.1 to 0.2 µm thick powder coating.
Als Pulverbeschichtungsverfahren können CVD-Verfahren wie Fluid-Bed-CVD eingesetzt werden. Dieses beschichtete Metallpulver wird der Rohmasse beigefügt.CVD processes such as fluid bed CVD can be used as powder coating processes become. This coated metal powder is added to the raw mass.
Die Rohmasse kann noch mit einem Bindemittel gemischt werden. Sie wird dann durch Pinseln, Tauchen, kataphoretische Abscheidung oder Sprühen auf den Träger aufgebracht.The raw mass can also be mixed with a binder. It is then through Brushing, dipping, cataphoretic deposition or spraying are applied to the carrier.
Die beschichteten Elektroden werden in die Lampenenden ein geschmolzen. Während des Evakuierens und Füllens der Lampe werden die Elektroden formiert. Der Elektrodendraht wird durch direkten Stromdurchgang auf eine Temperatur von 1000°C bis 1200°C erhitzt. Bei dieser Temperatur werden die Erdalkalicarbonate zu den Erdalkalioxiden unter Freisetzung von CO und CO2 umgesetzt und bilden dann einen porösen Sinterkörper. Nach diesem "Abbrennen" der Elektroden erfolgt die Aktivierung, die den Zweck hat, überschüssiges, in die Oxide eingelagertes, elementares Erdalkalimetall zu liefern. Das überschüssige Erdalkalimetall entsteht durch Reduktion von Erdalkalimetalloxid. Bei der eigentlichen Reduktionsaktivierung wird das Erdalkalioxid durch das freigesetzte CO oder das Trägermetall reduziert. Hinzu kommt eine Stromaktivierung, die das erforderliche freien Erdalkalimetall durch elektrolytische Vorgänge bei hohen Temperaturen erreicht.The coated electrodes are melted into the lamp ends. The electrodes are formed while the lamp is being evacuated and filled. The electrode wire is heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C to 1200 ° C by direct current passage. At this temperature, the alkaline earth carbonates are converted to the alkaline earth oxides with the release of CO and CO 2 and then form a porous sintered body. After this "burning off" of the electrodes, the activation takes place, the purpose of which is to supply excess elemental alkaline earth metal embedded in the oxides. The excess alkaline earth metal is created by the reduction of alkaline earth metal oxide. During the actual activation of the reduction, the alkaline earth oxide is reduced by the released CO or the carrier metal. In addition, there is a current activation that achieves the required free alkaline earth metal through electrolytic processes at high temperatures.
Das fertig formierte elektronenemittierende Material kann bevorzugt 2 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent einer Metallpulverzubereitung enthalten. Der Zirkonoxidgehalt kann zwischen Null und 10 Gew.-% liegen.The fully formed electron-emissive material can preferably be 2 to 20 percent by weight contain a metal powder preparation. The zirconium oxide content can be between Zero and 10 wt .-% lie.
Ein dreifach gewendelter Wolframdraht wird mit Rhenium mit einer Schichtdicke von 1 µm beschichtet. Für die elektronenemittierende Beschichtung wird Wolframpulver mit einer mittleren Korngröße von 3µm im Fluid-Bed-CVD-Verfahren mit einer Rheniumschicht mit einer Schichtdicke von 0.1 µm überzogen. Tripelcarbonat bestehend aus Calciumcarbonat, Strontiumcarbonat und Bariumcarbonat im Gewichtsverhältnis 1 : 1.25 : 1.6 wird mit 3 Gew.-% Zirkonmetallpulver und 10 Gew.-% des mit Rhenium beschichteten Wolframpulvers und einer Bindemittelzubereitung aus Nitrocellulose und Butylacetat gemischt. Der mit Rhenium beschichtete Wolframdraht wird mit dieser Emissionsmasse bestrichen, dann in einen Lampenkolben eingesetzt und auf 1000°C erhitzt. Beim Ausheizen der Elektrode wandeln sich die Carbonate der Erdalkalimetalle in deren Oxide und das Zirkonmetallpulver in Zirkonoxid um. Diesem Einbrennprozess kann sich noch eine Aktivierung mittels Reduktionsaktivierung oder Stromaktivierung anschließen. Eine derartige Lampe hat eine kurze Zündphase, die Emitterelektrode eine niedrige Austrittsarbeit von 1.42 eV und eine um den Faktor 2 verbesserte Leitfähigkeit.A triple-wound tungsten wire is coated with rhenium with a layer thickness of 1 µm coated. Tungsten powder is used for the electron-emitting coating an average grain size of 3 µm in the fluid bed CVD process with a rhenium layer coated with a layer thickness of 0.1 µm. Triple carbonate consisting of Calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate and barium carbonate in a weight ratio of 1: 1.25 : 1.6 is coated with 3% by weight of zirconium metal powder and 10% by weight of the rhenium Tungsten powder and a binder preparation made of nitrocellulose and butyl acetate mixed. The rhenium-coated tungsten wire is made with this emission mass coated, then inserted into a lamp bulb and heated to 1000 ° C. At the When the electrode is heated, the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals change into their oxides and the zirconium metal powder into zirconium oxide. This burn-in process can still connect an activation by means of reduction activation or current activation. Such a lamp has a short ignition phase and the emitter electrode has a low work function of 1.42 eV and a conductivity improved by a factor of 2.
Ein dreifach gewendelter Wolframdraht wird mit Rhenium mit einer Schichtdicke von 1
µm beschichtet. Für die elektronenemittierende Beschichtung wird Wolframpulver mit
einer mittleren Korngröße von 3µm im Fluid-Bed-CVD-Verfahren mit einer Rheniumschicht
mit einer Schichtdicke von 0.1 µm überzogen. Tripelcarbonat bestehend aus Calciumcarbonat,
Strontiumcarbonat und Bariumcarbonat im Gewichtsverhältnis 1 : 1.25 :
1.6 wird mit 3 Gew.-% Zirkonmetallpulver und 10 Gew.-% des mit Rhenium beschichteten
Wolframpulvers und einer Bindemittelzubereitung aus Nitrocellulose und Butylacetat
gemischt. Der mit Rhenium beschichtete Wolframdraht wird mit dieser Emissionsmasse
bestrichen, dann in einen Lampenkolben eingesetzt und auf 1000°C erhitzt. Beim
Ausheizen der Elektrode wandeln sich die Carbonate der Erdalkalimetalle in deren Oxide
und das Zirkonmetallpulver in Zirkonoxid um.
Eine derartige Lampe hat eine kurze Zündphase, die Emitterelektrode eine niedrige Austrittsarbeit
von 1.42 eV und eine um den Faktor 2 verbesserte Leitfähigkeit.A triple coiled tungsten wire is coated with rhenium with a layer thickness of 1 µm. For the electron-emitting coating, tungsten powder with an average grain size of 3 µm is coated with a rhenium layer with a layer thickness of 0.1 µm in the fluid bed CVD process. Triple carbonate consisting of calcium carbonate, strontium carbonate and barium carbonate in a weight ratio of 1: 1.25: 1.6 is mixed with 3% by weight of zirconium metal powder and 10% by weight of the rhenium-coated tungsten powder and a binder preparation made of nitrocellulose and butyl acetate. The rhenium-coated tungsten wire is coated with this emission mass, then inserted into a lamp bulb and heated to 1000 ° C. When the electrode is heated, the carbonates of the alkaline earth metals convert into their oxides and the zirconium metal powder into zirconium oxide.
Such a lamp has a short ignition phase, the emitter electrode has a low work function of 1.42 eV and a conductivity improved by a factor of 2.
Obwohl die Erfindung anhand eines Leuchtstofflampe beschrieben wurde, ist ihre Verwendung nicht auf diesen Typ der Gasentladungslampen beschränkt, sondern kann beispielsweise auch für andere Niederdruckgasentladungslampen verwendet werden.Although the invention has been described using a fluorescent lamp, its use is is not limited to this type of gas discharge lamp, but can, for example can also be used for other low-pressure gas discharge lamps.
Claims (5)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass zwischen dem Träger und der ersten Elektrodenbeschichtung eine zweite Elektrodenbeschichtung aus einem Edelmetall ausgewählt aus der Gruppe Rhenium, Kobalt, Nickel, Ruthenium, Palladium, Rhodium, Iridium, Platin, angeordnet ist.Gas discharge lamp according to claim 1,
characterized by
that a second electrode coating made of a noble metal selected from the group consisting of rhenium, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, palladium, rhodium, iridium and platinum is arranged between the carrier and the first electrode coating.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass die Metallpulverzubereitung aus einem Pulver aus einer Wolfram-Iridium-Legierung und einer Pulverbeschichtung aus Iridium besteht.Gas discharge lamp according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the metal powder preparation consists of a powder made of a tungsten-iridium alloy and a powder coating made of iridium.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
die Metallpulverzubereitung eine mittlere Korngröße d von 2.0 µm ≤ d ≤ 3.0 µm hat. Gas discharge lamp according to claim 1,
characterized by
the metal powder preparation has an average grain size d of 2.0 µm ≤ d ≤ 3.0 µm.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
dass das elektronenemittierende Material zusätzlich Zirkonoxid enthält.Gas discharge lamp according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the electron-emitting material additionally contains zirconium oxide.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19956322 | 1999-11-23 | ||
| DE19956322A DE19956322A1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 1999-11-23 | Gas discharge lamp with an oxide emitter electrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1104005A1 true EP1104005A1 (en) | 2001-05-30 |
| EP1104005B1 EP1104005B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
Family
ID=7930034
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00204015A Expired - Lifetime EP1104005B1 (en) | 1999-11-23 | 2000-11-14 | Gas discharge lamp having an oxide emitter electrode |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6674240B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1104005B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001155679A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19956322A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10242241A1 (en) * | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-25 | Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh | Low pressure discharge lamp comprises a gas discharge vessel containing a noble gas filling, electrodes and devices for producing and maintaining a low pressure gas discharge, and an electron emitter substance |
| CN101297452A (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2008-10-29 | 力特保险丝有限公司 | Gas-filled surge arrester, activating compound, ignition stripes and method therefore |
| US7633226B2 (en) * | 2005-11-30 | 2009-12-15 | General Electric Company | Electrode materials for electric lamps and methods of manufacture thereof |
| JP2008060056A (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2008-03-13 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Electrode for cold-cathode fluorescent lamp |
| CN101681789A (en) * | 2007-05-10 | 2010-03-24 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | Gas discharge lamp with a gas filling comprising chalcogen |
| DE102013215056A1 (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-19 | Osram Gmbh | Low-pressure discharge lamp with discharge vessel and electrode |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5574052A (en) * | 1978-11-29 | 1980-06-04 | Toshiba Corp | Gas discharge lamp |
| DE4415748A1 (en) * | 1994-05-04 | 1995-11-09 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Electrode for use in phosphor tubes |
| EP0845797A2 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-06-03 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electron tube cathode |
| WO1999049495A1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-09-30 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Discharge tube for light source |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0738423B1 (en) * | 1994-11-08 | 1999-01-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Low-pressure discharge lamp |
| US5847498A (en) * | 1994-12-23 | 1998-12-08 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Multiple layer composite electrodes for discharge lamps |
-
1999
- 1999-11-23 DE DE19956322A patent/DE19956322A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-11-14 EP EP00204015A patent/EP1104005B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-14 DE DE50013884T patent/DE50013884D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-20 US US09/716,875 patent/US6674240B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-22 JP JP2000355169A patent/JP2001155679A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5574052A (en) * | 1978-11-29 | 1980-06-04 | Toshiba Corp | Gas discharge lamp |
| DE4415748A1 (en) * | 1994-05-04 | 1995-11-09 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Electrode for use in phosphor tubes |
| EP0845797A2 (en) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-06-03 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Electron tube cathode |
| WO1999049495A1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-09-30 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Discharge tube for light source |
| AU2956899A (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 1999-10-18 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Discharge tube for light source |
| EP1067580A1 (en) * | 1998-03-20 | 2001-01-10 | Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. | Discharge tube for light source |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 004, no. 117 (E - 022) 20 August 1980 (1980-08-20) * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2001155679A (en) | 2001-06-08 |
| DE19956322A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 |
| EP1104005B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
| US6674240B1 (en) | 2004-01-06 |
| DE50013884D1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
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