EP1103089B1 - Hermaphroditischer elektrischer verbinder - Google Patents

Hermaphroditischer elektrischer verbinder Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1103089B1
EP1103089B1 EP99936686A EP99936686A EP1103089B1 EP 1103089 B1 EP1103089 B1 EP 1103089B1 EP 99936686 A EP99936686 A EP 99936686A EP 99936686 A EP99936686 A EP 99936686A EP 1103089 B1 EP1103089 B1 EP 1103089B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connector
ring
pattern
operate
receive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99936686A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1103089A1 (de
Inventor
Jacques Bodin
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Sercel SAS
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Sercel SAS
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Publication of EP1103089A1 publication Critical patent/EP1103089A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/84—Hermaphroditic coupling devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46—Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/52—Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
    • H01R13/521—Sealing between contact members and housing, e.g. sealing insert
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/62—Means for facilitating engagement or disengagement of coupling parts or for holding them in engagement
    • H01R13/623—Casing or ring with helicoidal groove

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to connection devices intended to connect together wiring elements conducting energy and signals and / or devices for acquisition, transmission, processing or signal storage.
  • the invention relates to the connectors used in the field of geophysics for the constitution of sets on-site data acquisition and processing.
  • networks made up of sensors such as geophones or hydrophones, connected by cables to boxes intermediaries which each concentrate the sensor signals being their connected, said intermediate boxes themselves being connected by cables to a central processing unit (CPU) to which they transmit the signals that they have concentrated.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • Such networks commonly called “combs”, are used in terrestrial or maritime environment, and require the implementation of significant logistical resources (deployment of combs, towing in maritime environment, etc) and expensive.
  • current connectors generally include means mechanical attachment using threads. This makes manipulations hooking and unhooking relatively complex connectors, and exposes the connection to the risk of seizure in aggressive environments.
  • the object of the invention is to make it possible to produce a connection device using two symmetrical and hermaphroditic connectors, particularly simple handling.
  • a electrical connection device especially for building systems acquisition and processing of geophysical data, made up of the association two identical electrically hermaphrodite connectors and mechanically, each connector comprising on the one hand a body carrying a set of connection pins and secondly a ring surrounding the base of the body of the connector and able to be moved in rotation relative to said body, the connector ring with a raised pattern for attachment to the associated connector, characterized in that the body of each connector has two stages of relief pattern including a front stage of relief essentially complementary to the pattern of the ring to cooperate with the pattern the associated connector ring in a locked position of the device and a rear stage to cooperate with the pattern of the ring of the same connector in a retracted position of said ring.
  • the invention proposes taking electrical connection, especially for building systems acquisition and processing of geophysical data, said socket being intended to be carried by a case and to cooperate with one of the connectors of the devices according to the aspects mentioned above.
  • the invention provides a stopper for protection for attachment to a connector of a device or to a socket according to the aspects described above.
  • the body 10 comprises an essentially cylindrical part 100, having a longitudinal bore 101 the bottom of which is defined by a wall 105 of the body.
  • the cylindrical part 100 carries around one of its ends, which we will conventionally call “rear", a thread 102.
  • Two radially projecting lugs 103 and 104 formed integrally with the body 10 are diametrically opposite with respect to a section transverse of the body, on the outer surface thereof.
  • the front face 110 of the wall 105 comprises two cavities 111 and 112 which open towards the rear of the body on the bore 101, through the wall 105.
  • the face 110 also carries two projecting chimneys towards the front 113 and 114 coming from material, pierced respectively by bores 1130 and 1140 also passing through the wall 105, so that they also open backwards onto bore 101.
  • the cavities 111 and 112 are essentially cylindrical and extend along an axis generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body 10. These two cavities are arranged symmetrically on either side of a median longitudinal axis of the body.
  • chimneys 113 and 114 and their bores 1130 and 1140 also extend in substantially parallel directions to the longitudinal axis of the body 10, and the chimneys 113 and 114 are also arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis body median.
  • the line joining the centers of the two chimneys is substantially perpendicular to the line joining the centers of the two cavities 111 and 112 and the distance between the center of the chimneys is equal to the distance between the center of the cavities 111 and 112, so that the two cavities 111 and 112 and the two protruding chimneys 113 and 114 define the four vertices of a square which would be carried by the front face 110 of the wall 105.
  • the set of cavities and bores described above allows to engage from the rear a set of connectors (not shown on the Figures 1 and 2) in the bore 101, to accommodate in the cavities 111 and 112 two identical male connection pins and in bores 1130 and 1140 two identical female connection pins, each male pin being able to cooperate with a female pin identical to the pins of bores 1130 and 1140 and each female pin being likewise capable of cooperate with a male pin identical to the pins of the cavities 111 and 112.
  • the body 10 bears on its front part two identical flat parts 120 and 130, protruding radially outward and extended axially respectively the front by two identical projecting elements 140 and 150 in general form cylinder sectors.
  • the two parts 120 and 130 (the function of which will be explained later) are diametrically opposite on the circumference of the body 10, likewise as the two elements 140 and 150.
  • Each of the elements 140 and 150 covers on the circumference of the body 10 an angular sector slightly less than 90 °.
  • This element 150 has on its internal face a groove 151 delimited forwards and backwards by two recesses 1511 and 1512 respectively.
  • Figure 2 which shows a section of the groove 151 clearly shows that the recess before 1511 is inclined backwards with respect to the transverse direction, in approximation of the opening contour which coincides with the internal face of element 150.
  • a second recess 1513 is located behind the groove 151, and thus defines a shoulder 1514.
  • the recess 1513 and the shoulder 1514 result from manufacture of the embodiment shown and have no value functional.
  • the recesses 1511 and 1512 delimiting the groove 151 are not exactly perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of body 10, but define two helical ramps with respective pitch 4 mm and 3 mm, the two ramps being oriented in the direct direction. So throat 151 is delimited by two converging walls as well as the groove of the part 140. The function of this particular characteristic of the invention will be detailed later in the text.
  • body 10 was intended to receive a set of connectors whose four pins engage in cavities 111 and 112, and in bores 1130 and 1140.
  • a layer 160 of material elastomer is arranged so as to line the wall 105.
  • the body 10 described above is in the present embodiment molded in a plastic material to constitute a single piece monobloc, to which the elastomeric material of layer 160 is added.
  • This ring comprises a peripheral part 21, comprising a face essentially flat transverse 23 which will be called "before" by agreement.
  • Part 21, of variable thickness is crossed longitudinally right through through a cavity 22 made up of four bores 221, 222, 223 and 224, coaxial, juxtaposed axially and of diameters decreasing towards the front.
  • the diameter of the cavity 22 has a minimum value forward. This minimum value is chosen at least slightly greater than the diameter of the cylindrical part 100 of the body 10 so that the ring 20 can be slidably mounted around the part 100 of the body 10 described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • Two identical longitudinal grooves 24 and 25 are diametrically opposite on the interior walls of bores 223 and 224 at the front of the Ring.
  • the section of these grooves is chosen so as to receive sliding identical pins 103 and 104 to guide the ring 20 during of its mounting on the body 10.
  • the grooves extend over the entire the longitudinal extent of bores 223 and 224.
  • the diameter of bore 222 located immediately behind bore 223 is equal to the diameter of said bore 223, increased by twice the depth H of each groove.
  • the grooves 24 and 25 open out backwards on bore 223 by being flush with the internal wall thereof, and the ring 20 can slide longitudinally on the body 10 provided with these lugs 103 and 104.
  • Two identical elements 27 and 28 in general form of sector of cylinder extend forward from the face 23 of the ring.
  • the angular sectors covered by these two elements are substantially equal to those covered by elements 140 and 150 protrusions of the body 10, that is to say slightly less than 90 °.
  • element 28 identical to element 27.
  • This element 28 comprises a cylinder sector 280 extending longitudinally and carrying on its outer periphery a part 281 in a crown projecting radially outwards.
  • the projecting parts in crown 271 and 281 of elements 27 and 28 of a first connector are able to cooperate with the grooves of elements 140 and 150 carried by the body of a second connector aligned front face against front face with the first connector.
  • the faces 282 and 283, located respectively at the rear and at the front of the crown protruding element 281 define two ramps helical with respective pitches 4 mm and 3 mm to cooperate with the recesses corresponding to the references 1511 and 1512 of FIG. 2, respectively.
  • the projecting parts 29 extending longitudinally on the periphery of the ring and coming from materials are intended to facilitate the gripping and handling of the ring in rotation by an operator.
  • the projecting parts 29 can be replaced by recessed parts which perform the same function of facilitating gripping and handling of the ring.
  • Figure 5 shows a connector made by mounting a ring 20, identical to that of FIGS. 3 and 4, on a body 10, identical to that Figures 1 and 2.
  • a nut 30 is screwed onto the rear thread of the body 10 and constitutes a stop for the longitudinal translation of the ring towards the rear.
  • a flexible element of generally helical shape 40 is integral with the nut 30 ; it surrounds and protects a cable 5 which comprises four wires, two of which lead to female sockets housed in holes 1130 and 1140 (not shown in the figure) and the other two lead to the sockets corresponding males 1110 and 1120, housed in the cavities 111 and 112 respectively.
  • the ring 20 can be manipulated in rotation around the body 10, this rotation being limited by the coming in abutment of elements 27 and 28 on parts 120 and 130.
  • the angular sector covered by elements 27 and 28 is substantially equal to that covered by elements 140 and 150, i.e. slightly less than 90 °. This rotation therefore takes place over a little more than 90 °.
  • the rotation of the ring defines two end positions of the ring: a retracted position shown in FIG. 5, in which the elements 27 and 28 of the ring are aligned respectively with the elements 140 and 150 of the body, and a corresponding position as we go see it when the connector is locked, in which elements 27 and 28 are in abutment on parts 120 and 130 and are thus offset approximately 90 ° with respect to elements 140 and 150.
  • the translation of the ring along the longitudinal axis of the connector is as for it limited to a play defined towards the rear by the nut 30, and towards the front by parts 140 and 150.
  • This translational clearance is defined so as not to not hinder the rotation of the ring by excessive friction of the ring on the nut 30 or the parts 140 and 150.
  • the chimneys (corresponding to chimneys 113 and 114 of figure 1) of each connector enters the cavities (corresponding to the cavities 111 and 112 in Figure 1) of the other connector and the male pins and of the two connectors ensure the connection two by two of the four cable wires from each connector.
  • the device by rotating at least one of the rings by approximately 90 °, so as to engage the projecting part of the ring (corresponding to parts 271 and 281 of figure 3) in the grooves of the body of the other connector (corresponding to groove 151 in FIG. 1).
  • the grooves and the projecting parts have non-parallel edges, so that there is always a clearance between at least an edge of a groove and the adjacent edge of a projecting part engaged in the throat.
  • this game allows to evacuate during the engagement of the game protruding in the throat of ice deposits formed in the throat.
  • the device described above can be implemented in a emerged or submerged environment.
  • the sealing mat 160 which lines the bottom of central bore 101 of each connector body also provides the individual tightness of each connection pin, as the mat 160 insulates from the wire to which the pin is connected. It is thus possible to establish the connection and disconnection of the device according to the invention underwater.
  • the mat 160 completely isolates the cavity from the bore 101 of the front of the connector. So, when connecting the device, the water contained in the cavities 111 and 112 of a connector is forced out of the connector by engaging the chimneys of the other connector.
  • An advantageous aspect of the device described above is that it suffices to position a single ring of a pair of connectors in position locked to secure the connectors, the second ring can be left in the retracted position (in the case of multiple connections temporary for example). It is also possible to bring both homologous connector rings in the locked position, so that further increase the security of the connection.
  • the device described above constitutes a hermaphrodite bond as long mechanically than electrically, which allows two connectors to be connected identical. A natural use of these connectors is to connect two cables.
  • Such a connector is shown in Figure 6. It includes electrical connection means identical to those of the body of FIG. 1, in cavities 111 and 112 and in bores 1130 and 1140 of chimneys 113 and 114. It also has two projecting elements 140 ' and 150 ′, similar to elements 140 and 150 in FIG. 1.
  • This housing connector does not have a ring, only one ring being as we have seen sufficient to lock a connection.
  • This housing connector can thus be used with a connector such as shown in Figure 5, and allow to connect a cable to the housing in which the connector is embedded, the surface S located at the rear of the connector and directed forward flush with one side of the housing.
  • the housing connector can be provided with a ring similar to that of FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the parts 140 and 150 projecting towards the front of the connector are extended longitudinally by respective cheeks 140 "and 150" extending backwards to the level of the ring 20 when the latter is body mounted 10.
  • the cheeks 140 "and 150" include grooves 141 "to receive the projecting ribs 271 and 281 of the ring retracted position.
  • This arrangement is advantageously functionally because it protects the raised ribs of the retracted ring, and aesthetically because it offers an interesting aspect continuity from the point of style view.
  • a plug not shown on the figures and comprising a solid rear face, a body comprising two projecting parts similar to parts 140 and 150 of Figures 1 and 2, (and possibly a ring similar to that of Figures 3 and 4), to attachment to one of the connectors described above and its protection.

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  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
  • Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)

Claims (20)

  1. Elektrische Verbindungsvorrichtung, insbesondere um Erfassungs- und Verarbeitungssysteme für geophysikalische Daten aufzubauen durch elektrisches und mechanisches Zusammenfügen von zwei identischen, hermaphroditischen Verbindern (C), wobei jeder Verbinder einerseits ein Gehäuse (10) mit einer Gruppe von Verbindungsstiften (1110, 1120) und andererseits einen Ring (20) um den Sockel des Gehäuses des Verbinders umfasst, der durch Drehen in Bezug auf das Gehäuse verschoben werden kann, wobei der Ring des Verbinders ein erhabenes Muster (271, 281) für das Ankoppeln an den zugehörigen Verbinder aufweist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Gehäuse jedes Verbinders zwei Stufen mit erhabenem Muster aufweist, von denen eine vordere erhabene Stufe (151), die im wesentlichen komplementär zu dem Ringmuster ist, in einer verriegelten Position der Vorrichtung mit dem Ringmuster des zugehörigen Verbinders zusammenwirkt und eine hintere Stufe (120, 130) mit dem Ringmuster desselben Verbinders in einer abgezogenen Position des Rings zusammenwirkt.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Muster (141'') der hinteren Stufe des Gehäuses jedes Verbinders im wesentlichen komplementär zu dem Muster (271, 281) des Rings (20) ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Muster (151) der vorderen Stufe des Gehäuses jedes Verbinders über mehrere Elemente (140, 150) verteilt sind und über das Gehäuse hinaus vorspringen, wobei sie durch über den Umfang des Gehäuses gleichmäßig verteilte Zwischenräume getrennt sind.
  4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die vorspringenden Elemente (140, 150) paarweise vorhanden sind und einander auf dem Umfang des Gehäuses diametral gegenüberliegen.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Zwischenräume geeignet sind, vorspringende Elemente (140, 150) des zugehörigen Verbinders aufzunehmen.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,dass
    das Muster (271, 281) des Rings aus dem Vollen gearbeitet ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Muster des Gehäuses des Verbinders aus dem Vollen gearbeitet sind.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Muster des Rings aus zwei vorspringenden Abschnitten (271, 281) am Rand des Rings besteht, die jeweils die allgemeine Form eines ringförmigen Rippensektors haben, und
    die zwei Stufen des Musters des Gehäuses jeweils die allgemeine Form eines Rillensektors haben.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    jeder Verbinder Kammern (111, 112) jeweils zum Aufnehmen eines männlichen Verbindungsstiftes (1110, 1120) und Kammern (1130, 1140) jeweils zum Aufnehmen eines weiblichen Verbindungsstiftes aufweist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Kammern zum Aufnehmen eines männlichen Verbindungsstiftes und die Kammern zum Aufnehmen eines weiblichen Verbindungsstiftes die gleiche Anzahl haben und alternierend so verteilt sind, dass die Spitzen eines regelmäßigen Polygons auf einer Fläche des Verbinders gebildet werden.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    jeder Verbinder zwei Kammern jeweils für das Aufnehmen eines männlichen Verbindungsstiftes und zwei Kammern jeweils für das Aufnehmen eines weiblichen Verbindungsstiftes aufweist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    Einrichtungen (160) vorgesehen sind, um die Dichtigkeit der Verbindung sicherzustellen, wenn sich die Vorrichtung in der verriegelten Position befindet.
  13. Vorrichtung nach dem der vorangehenden Anspruch,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Dichtigkeitseinrichtungen eine Schicht Elastomer umfassen.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Muster der vorderen Stufe (151) des Gehäuses jedes Verbinders Bahnen (1511) aufweist, die entlang einer allgemein vom äußeren zum inneren Gehäuse radial verlaufenden Bahn zum hinteren Gehäuse geneigt sind und
    das Muster (271, 281), das im wesentlichen komplementär zum Ring des zugehörigen Verbinders ist, komplementäre Bahnen (283) aufweist, so dass die Annäherung bei longitudinalem Zug, der entlang der Achse der Vorrichtung ausgeübt wird und durch den die zwei Verbinder voneinander getrennt werden sollen, radial zum inneren Ring des Verbinders und des Gehäuses des zugehörigen Verbinders erfolgt.
  15. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Muster, die im wesentlichen komplementär zu dem Ring jedes Verbinders und der vorderen Stufe des Gehäuses des zugehörigen Verbinders sind, wenigstens ein schraubenförmiges Muster aufweisen, so dass bei Drehbewegung des Rings des Verbinders, um den Ring in eine verriegelte Position der Vorrichtung mit dem Gehäuse des Verbinders
    zu bringen, der Ring und das Gehäuse des zugehörigen Verbinders in einer im wesentlichen schraubenförmigen Bewegung zusammenwirken, was zu einem axialen Festklemmen des Rings und des Gehäuses des zugehörigen Verbinders führt.
  16. Vorrichtung nach dem vorangehenden Anspruch,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das schraubenförmige Muster des Rings jedes Verbinders jeweils nach vorne und nach hinten durch zwei erhabene Ränder (282, 283) begrenzt ist, deren verschiedenen Gänge dem Gang des hinteren und vorderen Randes (1512, 1511) des schraubenförmigen Musters des Gehäuses des zugehörigen Verbinders entsprechen.
  17. Elektrischer Verbindungsanschluss, insbesondere um Erfassungs- und Verarbeitungssystemen für geophysikalische Daten aufzubauen, wobei der Anschluss für den Einbau in einen Kasten dient und mit einem der Verbinder nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16 zusammenwirkt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    er mehrere vorspringende Elemente (140', 150') umfasst, die eine Stufe mit erhabenem Muster aufweisen, das im wesentlichen komplementär zu der vorderen Stufe (151) mit Muster des Verbinders ist, mit welcher er zusammenwirkt, und er einen Ring umfasst, der ein erhabenes Muster aufweist, das in Bezug auf das Gehäuse des Verbinders gedreht werden kann, mit welchem der Anschluss mit dem Muster der vorderen Stufe des Gehäuses des Verbinders zusammenwirkt.
  18. Schutzabdeckung für das Ankoppeln an einen Verbinder einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    sie mehrere vorspringende Elemente mit einer Stufe mit erhabenem Muster umfasst, das im wesentlichen komplementär zu der vorderen Stufe (151) mit Muster des Verbinders ist, mit welchem sie zusammenwirkt.
  19. Schutzabdeckung für das Ankoppeln an einen Anschluss nach Anspruch 17,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    sie eine Stufe mit erhabenem Muster umfasst, um mit dem Muster des Anschlusses zusammenzuwirken.
  20. Abdeckung nach Anspruch 18 oder 19,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    sie einen Ring mit einem erhabenem Muster umfasst, das mit dem Muster der vorderen Stufe des Gehäuses des Verbinders, mit welchem die Abdeckung zusammenwirken soll, oder mit dem Muster des Anschlusses, mit dem die Abdekkung zusammenwirken soll, zusammenwirkt.
EP99936686A 1998-08-06 1999-08-04 Hermaphroditischer elektrischer verbinder Expired - Lifetime EP1103089B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9810125 1998-08-06
FR9810125A FR2782197B1 (fr) 1998-08-06 1998-08-06 Dispositif hermaphrodite de connexion electrique
PCT/FR1999/001930 WO2000008724A1 (fr) 1998-08-06 1999-08-04 Dispositif hermaphrodite de connexion electrique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1103089A1 EP1103089A1 (de) 2001-05-30
EP1103089B1 true EP1103089B1 (de) 2002-10-30

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Country Link
US (1) US6447319B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1103089B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2339884C (de)
FR (1) FR2782197B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2000008724A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6447319B1 (en) 2002-09-10
CA2339884A1 (fr) 2000-02-17
FR2782197A1 (fr) 2000-02-11
EP1103089A1 (de) 2001-05-30
FR2782197B1 (fr) 2000-11-03
WO2000008724A1 (fr) 2000-02-17
CA2339884C (fr) 2008-11-04

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