EP1097984A2 - Process and plant for the cooling and cleaning of gasification gases - Google Patents

Process and plant for the cooling and cleaning of gasification gases Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1097984A2
EP1097984A2 EP00123621A EP00123621A EP1097984A2 EP 1097984 A2 EP1097984 A2 EP 1097984A2 EP 00123621 A EP00123621 A EP 00123621A EP 00123621 A EP00123621 A EP 00123621A EP 1097984 A2 EP1097984 A2 EP 1097984A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coolant
cooling
gas
venturi tube
gasification
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP00123621A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1097984A3 (en
Inventor
Dietmar Dr.-Ing. Degenkolb
Bernd Dipl.-Ing. Holle
Manfred Dr.-Ing. Schingnitz
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KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH
Noell KRC Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH
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KRC Umwelttechnik GmbH
Noell KRC Energie und Umwelttechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP1097984A2 publication Critical patent/EP1097984A2/en
Publication of EP1097984A3 publication Critical patent/EP1097984A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/04—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials
    • C10K1/06—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by cooling to condense non-gaseous materials combined with spraying with water

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the first Claim and an apparatus for performing the method.
  • the invention is applicable wherever there is a need for cooling and Cleaning of hot gasification gases, which are used in the gasification of combustion, Residual and waste materials arise.
  • Fuels such as coals of various degrees of carbonization, oils various volumes as well as gases such as natural gas, residues from the Industry such as synthesis residues, halogen-containing residues such as hydrocarbons containing chlorine or fuels, residues oil processing such as heavy oils and petroleum coke as well as waste materials Household and business such as halogen-containing plastics mixed with other waste.
  • the raw gas which is hot at temperatures between 1000 ° C and 1600 ° C, enters a cooling or quench system after the reaction chamber, where the gas is cooled and saturated by direct contact with water.
  • a group of technical solutions uses a tube which is cooled on the inside with a water film and which is immersed in a water bath, as described in DD-WP 145 860 and DE-OS 31 51 483.
  • This cooling principle is supplemented, among other things, by further cooling stages in the form of, for example, water atomization at the end of the dip tube.
  • a disadvantage of this principle is the high specific water consumption regardless of the performance of the reactor and the insufficient cooling and washing effect.
  • Spray quench systems have been used to overcome the disadvantages mentioned developed, in which the hot gasification gas as a free jet into one Free space occurs and the cooling is done by injecting water. Solutions of this type are described in DD 288 614 B3 and in DE 36 01 786 C2.
  • the invention is based, hot gasification gases, the task the gasification of fuels, residues and waste materials arise and with Temperatures of 1100 - 1600 ° C leave the gasification reactor through Contact with a coolant for a fall cooling (quenching) undergo and at the same time initiate a washing process.
  • the Cross-section of the Venturi tube depending on the amount of gas be regulated that always the optimal speed of the gas flow is set. Especially when extracting valuable materials from the Gasification gas such as hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid such as this is possible when using halogen-containing residues and waste materials Venturi quench system downstream of further washing stages and in the cycle get connected.
  • Figure 1 shows the arrangement of gasification reactor 2 and Venturi quencher 3.
  • the fuel, waste or residual material is fed together with oxygen via burner 1 to gasification chamber 2 and converted in a flame reaction to CO and H 2 -rich gasification gas.
  • the 1100-1600 ° C hot gasification gas passes from the gasification chamber 2 into the Venturi quencher 3, in the narrowest cross-section of which the hot gasification gas to be cooled and cleaned is accelerated to speeds between 50 and 100 m / s.
  • Coolant is supplied via the nozzle 7, which flows upward in the double jacket 4 of the venturi quench and thereby cools the metal wall.
  • the coolant enters the hot gas stream via supply openings 5, which can also be designed as nozzles, and is torn into small droplets, one of which form a large specific surface area and lead to extremely rapid cooling of the hot gasification gas.
  • Torn slag particles that are liquid at the high gas temperatures are also cooled, solidified and carried away with the gas stream. Solid particles such as soot or other unmelted constituents are wetted and separated from the cooled gas stream in the following separator 6 together with water droplets.
  • the separator 6 can be designed according to the prior art, for example as a centrifugal or lamella separator. Water is usually used as the cooling medium, which is circulated after an intermediate cleaning by dust separation.
  • hydrohalic acid can already be supplied as a coolant and detergent via the connector 7 and the feed openings 5 in order to obtain a sufficiently high acid concentration during the washing process which is running simultaneously in the Venturi quencher and subsequent stages .
  • Figure 2 shows a certain constructive embodiment of the inventive solution, in which the coolant supplied via the connector 7 for cooling the metal wall of the Venturi tube first directed downwards, deflected and the double jacket-like space 4 in the narrowest cross section of the Venturi tube 3 via the feed opening 5 hot gas stream coming from the gasification chamber 2 is given up.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show special solutions for the coolant supply 5. While in FIG. 3 the coolant is guided over a weir-like arrangement, it flows into the confuser of the venturi quencher 3 as a coolant film in FIG.
  • the solutions according to FIGS. 3 and 4 have in common that the coolant is fed in the confuser before the narrowest cross section of the venturi quencher 3. It is accelerated by the gas flow and torn into the smallest droplets in the narrowest cross section.
  • the film-like design of the coolant flow simultaneously causes additional cooling of the metal wall in the confusion area of the venturi quencher 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of an additional washing and cooling stage 8 downstream of the Venturi quencher 3. This arrangement is particularly advantageous if certain components such as hydrogen halides can be obtained from the raw gas stream for the extraction of hydrohalic acids.
  • the separator 6 is then connected to this additional washing and cooling stage 8.
  • FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of a controllable venturi quencher 3.
  • Rigid venturi quenchers 3 have the disadvantage that the velocities in the venturi quencher 3 also vary with the amount of raw gas fluctuating. If the gas velocity becomes too low, the coolant is broken up only insufficiently. Only larger coolant drops are formed, the surface of which is too small for the desired cooling and washing effect.
  • the remaining cross section can be regulated depending on the amount of raw gas, so that the desired speed can be set independently of the amount of raw gas.
  • the drive rod In order to prevent raw gas or coolant from escaping, the drive rod is guided through a sealing system 10. In order to keep the mechanical effort low, the quenched raw gas is discharged laterally.

Abstract

Cooling and cleaning of gasified crude gas produced by the gasification of fuel, residual material and waste material comprises accelerating the gas to be cooled and cleaned from the gasification chamber in a tapering pipe to speeds of 30-150, preferably 50-100 m/s, in which a coolant is added to the crude gas before or after the narrowest cross-section. An Independent claim is also included for a device for carrying out the process comprising a Venturi pipe (3) after the gasification chamber (2) as the pipe for accelerating the gas, the Venturi pipe having openings (5, 7) for the coolant at its narrowest point. Preferred Features: The speed of the gas stream is regulated over the cross-section of the pipe independent of the amount of gas. The coolant is water, acid or base.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des ersten Patentanspruches und eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Die Erfindung ist überall dort anwendbar, wo der Bedarf zur Kühlung und Reinigung von heißen Vergasungsgasen, die bei der Vergasung von Brenn-, Rest- und Abfallstoffen entstehen, besteht.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of the first Claim and an apparatus for performing the method. The invention is applicable wherever there is a need for cooling and Cleaning of hot gasification gases, which are used in the gasification of combustion, Residual and waste materials arise.

Unter Brenn-, Rest- und Abfallstoffen verstehen wir dabei konventionelle Brennstoffe wie Kohlen verschiedenen Inkohlungsgrades, Öle aus verschiedenen Aufkommen sowie Gase wie Erdgas, Reststoffe aus der Industrie wie beispielsweise Synthesereststoffe, halogenhaltige Reststoffe wie beispielsweise chlor- oder fuorhaltige Kohlenwasserstoffe, Rückstände der Erdölverarbeitung wie Schweröle und Petrolkoks sowie Abfallstoffe aus Haushalt und Gewerbe wie halogenhaltige Kunststoffe in Mischung mit weiteren Abfällen.We understand fuels, residues and waste materials to be conventional Fuels such as coals of various degrees of carbonization, oils various volumes as well as gases such as natural gas, residues from the Industry such as synthesis residues, halogen-containing residues such as hydrocarbons containing chlorine or fuels, residues oil processing such as heavy oils and petroleum coke as well as waste materials Household and business such as halogen-containing plastics mixed with other waste.

Für die Vergasung von Brenn-, Rest- und Abfallstoffen hat sich die Partialoxidation mit freiem Sauerstoff enthaltenden Vergasungsmittel nach dem Flugstromprinzip bewährt. Die Vergasung erfolgt unter höherem Druck bei Temperaturen zwischen 1000 °C bis 1600 °C. Bekannte Reaktoren zur Durchführung eines solchen Vergasungsprozesses bestehen aus einem oder mehreren nacheinander angeordneten Reaktionsräumen, in denen die zu vergasenden Brenn-, Rest- und Abfallstoffe im Flugstrom, in der Form einer Flammenreaktion zu einem CO- und H2-reichem Rohgas umgesetzt werden. Besteht der Einsatzstoff aus halogenhaltigem Material, sind gleichfalls höhere Konzentrationen an Halogenwasserstoffen im Rohgas. Das mit Temperaturen zwischen 1000 °C und 1600 °C heiße Rohgas tritt nach dem Reaktionsraum in ein Kühl- oder Quenchsystem ein, wo durch direkten Kontakt mit Wasser eine Kühlung und Aufsättigung des Gases erfolgt. Eine Gruppe von technischen Lösungen benutzt dazu ein innenseitig mit einem Wasserfilm gekühltes Rohr, das in ein Wasserbad eintaucht, wie in DD-WP 145 860 und DE ― OS 31 51 483 beschreiben. Dieses Kühlprinzip wird unter anderem ergänzt durch weitere Kühlstufen in Form von zum Beispiel einer Wasserverdüsung am Ende des Tauchrohres. Ein Nachteil dieses Prinzips ist der unabhängig von der Leistung des Reaktors hohe spezifische Wasserverbrauch und der ungenügende Kühl- und Wascheffekt.For the gasification of fuels, residues and waste materials, the partial oxidation with gasification agents containing free oxygen according to the entrained flow principle has proven itself. Gasification takes place under higher pressure at temperatures between 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C. Known reactors for carrying out such a gasification process consist of one or more reaction chambers arranged one after the other, in which the fuels, residues and waste materials to be gasified are converted in the entrained flow in the form of a flame reaction to a CO and H 2 -rich raw gas. If the feed consists of halogen-containing material, there are also higher concentrations of hydrogen halide in the raw gas. The raw gas, which is hot at temperatures between 1000 ° C and 1600 ° C, enters a cooling or quench system after the reaction chamber, where the gas is cooled and saturated by direct contact with water. For this purpose, a group of technical solutions uses a tube which is cooled on the inside with a water film and which is immersed in a water bath, as described in DD-WP 145 860 and DE-OS 31 51 483. This cooling principle is supplemented, among other things, by further cooling stages in the form of, for example, water atomization at the end of the dip tube. A disadvantage of this principle is the high specific water consumption regardless of the performance of the reactor and the insufficient cooling and washing effect.

Zur Überwindung der genannten Nachteile wurden Sprühquenchsysteme entwickelt, bei denen das heiße Vergasungsgas als Freistrahl in einen Freiraum eintritt und die Kühlung durch Eindüsen von Wasser geschieht. Lösungen dieser Art sind beschrieben in DD 288 614 B3 und in DE 36 01 786 C2.Spray quench systems have been used to overcome the disadvantages mentioned developed, in which the hot gasification gas as a free jet into one Free space occurs and the cooling is done by injecting water. Solutions of this type are described in DD 288 614 B3 and in DE 36 01 786 C2.

Der Nachteil dieser Lösungen besteht darin, dass relativ große Quenchräume benötigt werden und der Wascheffekt sich nur ungenügend vollzieht. Durch ungenügende Durchmischung des Gases und sogenannter Strähnenbildung entsteht im Quenchraum ein inhomogenes Temperaturfeld mit heißen und kalten Zonen, was zu unerwünschten Nachreaktionen wie Rußbildung und dem Entstehen toxischer Komponenten führen kann.The disadvantage of these solutions is that they are relatively large Quench rooms are needed and the washing effect is insufficient takes place. Due to insufficient mixing of the gas and so-called Streak formation creates an inhomogeneous temperature field in the quench chamber with hot and cold zones, leading to undesirable post-reactions such as Soot formation and the formation of toxic components can result.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, heiße Vergasungsgase, die bei der Vergasung von Brenn-, Rest- und Abfallstoffen entstehen und mit Temperaturen von 1100 ― 1600 °C den Vergasungsreaktor verlassen, durch Kontaktierung mit einem Kühlmittel einer Sturzkühlung (Quenchung) zu unterziehen und gleichzeitig einen Waschprozess einzuleiten.The invention is based, hot gasification gases, the task the gasification of fuels, residues and waste materials arise and with Temperatures of 1100 - 1600 ° C leave the gasification reactor through Contact with a coolant for a fall cooling (quenching) undergo and at the same time initiate a washing process.

Erfindungsgemäß wird das den Reaktionsraum verlassende 1100 ― 1600 °C heiße Vergasuntgsgas direkt in ein Rohr, beispielsweise ein Venturirohr, eingeleitet, dem gleichzeitig das Kühlmittel zugeführt wird. Durch die hohe Strömungsgeschwindigkeit im Venturirohr von 50 bis 100 m/s wird das eingespritzte oder anderweitig zugeführte Kühlmittel in feinste Tröpfchen aufgerissen, was zur Bildung sehr großer Oberflächen führt. Da sowohl die Geschwindigkeit der Abkühlung als auch die des Stoffaustausches bei der Waschung des Gases direkt von der gebildeten Oberfläche bestimmt werden, steigen Kühl- und Wascheffekt mit abnehmendem Tropfendurchmesser exponentiell an.According to the invention, the 1100 - 1600 ° C leaving the reaction space hot gasification gas directly into a pipe, for example a Venturi pipe, initiated, which is supplied with the coolant at the same time. Due to the high The flow velocity in the Venturi tube from 50 to 100 m / s will be injected or otherwise supplied coolant in fine droplets torn open, which leads to the formation of very large surfaces. Since both the The rate of cooling as well as that of mass exchange at the Washing of the gas is determined directly from the surface formed cooling and washing effects increase with decreasing Drop diameter exponentially.

Durch extrem schnelle Sturzkühlung (Quenchung) werden Nachreaktionen "eingefroren", so dass es nicht zur Bildung unerwünschter Komponenten kommen kann. Speziell bei der Vergasung halogenhaltiger Rest- und Abfallstoffe besteht die Möglichkeit, als Kühlmittel für die Sturzkühlung Halogenwasserstoffsäure zu benutzen, um auf diese Weise eine genügend hohe Konzentration dieser Wertstoffe zu erreichen.Due to extremely fast fall cooling (quenching), after-reactions become "frozen" so that it does not form unwanted components can come. Especially in the gasification of halogen-containing and Waste materials can be used as coolants for fall cooling Hydrohalic acid to use in this way a sufficient to achieve a high concentration of these valuable substances.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des ersten Patentanspruches gelöst und mit Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens. Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung wieder.This task is accomplished through a process with the characteristic Features of the first claim solved and with devices for Execution of the procedure. Subclaims give advantageous refinements of the invention.

Im Gegensatz zum starren Freiraum- oder Rohrquencher kann der Querschnitt des Venturirohres in Abhängigkeit von der Gasmenge so geregelt werden, dass immer die optimale Geschwindigkeit des Gasstromes eingestellt wird. Besonders bei der Gewinnung von Wertstoffen aus dem Vergasungsgas, wie beispielsweise Salzsäure oder Flusssäure, wie dies beim Einsatz halogenhaltiger Rest- und Abfallstoffe möglich ist, können dem Venturiquenchsystem weitere Waschstufen nachgeschaltet und im Kreislauf verbunden werden.In contrast to the rigid open space or pipe quencher, the Cross-section of the Venturi tube depending on the amount of gas be regulated that always the optimal speed of the gas flow is set. Especially when extracting valuable materials from the Gasification gas such as hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid such as this is possible when using halogen-containing residues and waste materials Venturi quench system downstream of further washing stages and in the cycle get connected.

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden an einem Ausführungsbeispiel mit 6 Figuren näher erläutert.
Die Figuren zeigen:

Fig. 1
Anordnung von Vergasungsreaktor und Venturiquencher,
Fig. 2
konstruktive Ausgestaltung des Venturiquenchers mit Düsen und Stutzen,
Fig. 3/4
weitere Lösungen zur Kühlmittelzuführung,
Fig. 5
Anordnung einer zusätzlichen Wasch- und Kühlstufe nach dem Venturiquencher,
Fig. 6
Ausführungsbeispiel für einen regelbaren Venturiquencher.
The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment with 6 figures.
The figures show:
Fig. 1
Arrangement of gasification reactor and venturi quencher,
Fig. 2
constructive design of the venturi quencher with nozzles and nozzles,
Fig. 3/4
further solutions for coolant supply,
Fig. 5
Arrangement of an additional washing and cooling stage after the Venturi quencher,
Fig. 6
Exemplary embodiment for a controllable Venturi quencher.

Die Figur 1 zeigt die Anordnung von Vergasungsreaktor 2 und Venturiquencher 3. Der Brenn-, Abfall- oder Reststoff wird gemeinsam mit Sauerstoff über Brenner 1 dem Vergasungsraum 2 zugeführt und in einer Flammenreaktion zu CO- und H2-reichem Vergasungsgas umgesetzt. Das 1100- 1600 °C heiße Vergasungsgas gelangt aus dem Vergasungsraum 2 in den Venturiquencher 3, in dessen engstem Querschnitt das zu kühlende und zu reinigende heiße Vergasungsgas auf Geschwindigkeiten zwischen 50 und 100 m/s beschleunigt wird. Über den Stutzen 7 wird Kühlmittel zugeführt, das im Doppelmantel 4 des Venturiquenchers nach oben strömt und dabei die Metallwandung kühlt Das Kühlmittel gelangt über Zuführungsöffnungen 5, die auch als Düsen ausgebildet sein können, in den heißen Gasstrom und wird in kleine Tröpfchen aufgerissen, die eine große spezifische Oberfläche bilden und zu einer extrem schnellen Abkühlung des heißen Vergasungsgases führen. Mitgerissene, bei den hohen Gastemperaturen flüssige Schlackepartikel werden gleichfalls gekühlt, verfestigt und mit dem Gasstrom weggeführt. Feste Partikel wie Ruß oder andere nicht geschmolzene Bestandteile werden benetzt und im nachfolgenden Abscheider 6 gemeinsam mit Wassertröpfchen aus dem gekühlten Gasstrom abgeschieden. Der Abscheider 6 kann nach dem Stand der Technik beispielsweise als Fliehkraft- oder Lamellenabscheider ausgebildet sein. Als kühlmedium wird gewöhnlich Wasser verwendet, das nach einer Zwischenreinigung durch Staubabscheidung im Kreislauf geführt wird. Gleichfalls werden Kondensate verwendet, die im nachgeschalteten technologischen Teil der weiteren Gaskühlung und -reinigung anfallen. Bei Einsatz halogenhaltiger Rest- und Abfallstoffe mit dem Ziel der Gewinnung von Halogenwasserstoffsäuren kann als Kühl- und Waschmittel über den Stutzen 7 und die Zuführungsöffnungen 5 bereits Halogenwasserstoffsäure zugeführt werden, um während des gleichzeitig ablaufenden Waschprozesses im Venturiquencher und nachgeschalteten Stufen eine genügend hohe Säurekonzentration zu erhalten. Figure 1 shows the arrangement of gasification reactor 2 and Venturi quencher 3. The fuel, waste or residual material is fed together with oxygen via burner 1 to gasification chamber 2 and converted in a flame reaction to CO and H 2 -rich gasification gas. The 1100-1600 ° C hot gasification gas passes from the gasification chamber 2 into the Venturi quencher 3, in the narrowest cross-section of which the hot gasification gas to be cooled and cleaned is accelerated to speeds between 50 and 100 m / s. Coolant is supplied via the nozzle 7, which flows upward in the double jacket 4 of the venturi quench and thereby cools the metal wall. The coolant enters the hot gas stream via supply openings 5, which can also be designed as nozzles, and is torn into small droplets, one of which form a large specific surface area and lead to extremely rapid cooling of the hot gasification gas. Torn slag particles that are liquid at the high gas temperatures are also cooled, solidified and carried away with the gas stream. Solid particles such as soot or other unmelted constituents are wetted and separated from the cooled gas stream in the following separator 6 together with water droplets. The separator 6 can be designed according to the prior art, for example as a centrifugal or lamella separator. Water is usually used as the cooling medium, which is circulated after an intermediate cleaning by dust separation. Likewise, condensates are used that occur in the downstream technological part of the further gas cooling and purification. When using halogen-containing residues and waste materials with the aim of extracting hydrohalic acids, hydrohalic acid can already be supplied as a coolant and detergent via the connector 7 and the feed openings 5 in order to obtain a sufficiently high acid concentration during the washing process which is running simultaneously in the Venturi quencher and subsequent stages .

Die Figur 2 zeigt eine bestimmte konstruktive Ausgestaltung der erfinderischen Lösung, bei der das über den Stutzen 7 zugeführte Kühlmittel zur Kühlung der Metallwandung des Venturirohres zunächst nach unten geleitet, umgelenkt und über den doppelmantelähnlichen Raum 4 im engsten Querschnitt des Venturirohres 3 über die Zuführungsöffnung 5 dem aus der Vergasungskammer 2 kommenden heißen Gasstrom aufgegeben wird. Figure 2 shows a certain constructive embodiment of the inventive solution, in which the coolant supplied via the connector 7 for cooling the metal wall of the Venturi tube first directed downwards, deflected and the double jacket-like space 4 in the narrowest cross section of the Venturi tube 3 via the feed opening 5 hot gas stream coming from the gasification chamber 2 is given up.

Die Figuren 3 und 4 zeigen besondere Lösungen der Kühlmittelzufuhr 5. Während in Figur 3 das Kühlmittel über eine wehrähnliche Anordnung geführt wird, fließt es in Figur 4 als Kühlmittelfilm in den Konfusor des Venturiquenchers 3 ein. Den Lösungen nach den Figuren 3 und 4 ist gemeinsam, dass das Kühlmittel vor dem engsten Querschnitt des Venturiquenchers 3 im Konfusor zugeführt wird. Es wird vom Gasstrom beschleunigt und im engsten Querschnitt zu feinste Tröpfchen aufgerissen. Die filmartige Ausbildung des Kühlmittelstromes bewirkt gleichzeitig eine zusätzliche Kühlung der Metallwandung im Konfusionsbereich des Venturiquenchers 3.FIGS. 3 and 4 show special solutions for the coolant supply 5. While in FIG. 3 the coolant is guided over a weir-like arrangement, it flows into the confuser of the venturi quencher 3 as a coolant film in FIG. The solutions according to FIGS. 3 and 4 have in common that the coolant is fed in the confuser before the narrowest cross section of the venturi quencher 3. It is accelerated by the gas flow and torn into the smallest droplets in the narrowest cross section. The film-like design of the coolant flow simultaneously causes additional cooling of the metal wall in the confusion area of the venturi quencher 3.

Die Figur 5 zeigt die Anordnung einer zusätzlichen Wasch- und Kühlstufe 8 hinter dem Venturiquencher 3. Diese Anordnung ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn bestimmte Komponenten wie Halogenwasserstoffe zur Gewinnung von Halogenwasserstoffsäuren aus dem Rohgasstrom zu gewinnen sind. Der Abscheider 6 ist dann dieser zusätzlichen Wasch- und Kühlstufe 8 nachgeschaltet. FIG. 5 shows the arrangement of an additional washing and cooling stage 8 downstream of the Venturi quencher 3. This arrangement is particularly advantageous if certain components such as hydrogen halides can be obtained from the raw gas stream for the extraction of hydrohalic acids. The separator 6 is then connected to this additional washing and cooling stage 8.

Die Figur 6 zeigt die Anordnung eines regelbaren Venturiquenchers 3. Starre Venturiquencher 3 haben den Nachteil, dass mit schwankender Rohgasmenge gleichfalls die Geschwindigkeiten im Venturiquencher 3 unterschiedlich hoch sind. Wird die Gasgeschwindigkeit zu niedrig, wird das Kühlmittel nur in ungenügender Weise zerteilt. Es bilden sich nur größere Kühlmitteltropfen, deren Oberfläche für den gewünschten Kühl- und Wascheffekt zu gering ist. Durch Anordnung eines verfahrbaren Kegels 9 lässt sich der verbleibende Querschnitt in Abhängigkeit von der Rohgasmenge regeln, so dass unabhängig von der Rohgasmenge die gewünschte Geschwindigkeit eingestellt werden kann. Um ein Austreten von Rohgas oder Kühlmittel zu verhindern, wird die Antriebsstange durch ein Abdichtungssystem 10 geführt. Um den mechanischen Aufwand gering zu halten, wird das gequenchte Rohgas seitlich abgeführt. FIG. 6 shows the arrangement of a controllable venturi quencher 3. Rigid venturi quenchers 3 have the disadvantage that the velocities in the venturi quencher 3 also vary with the amount of raw gas fluctuating. If the gas velocity becomes too low, the coolant is broken up only insufficiently. Only larger coolant drops are formed, the surface of which is too small for the desired cooling and washing effect. By arranging a movable cone 9, the remaining cross section can be regulated depending on the amount of raw gas, so that the desired speed can be set independently of the amount of raw gas. In order to prevent raw gas or coolant from escaping, the drive rod is guided through a sealing system 10. In order to keep the mechanical effort low, the quenched raw gas is discharged laterally.

Liste der verwendeten BezugszeichenList of the reference symbols used

11
Brennerburner
22nd
VergasungsraumGasification room
33rd
VenturirohrVenturi tube
44th
DoppelmantelDouble jacket
55
Zuführung des KühlmittelsCoolant supply
66
AbscheiderSeparator
77
StutzenSupport
88th
Wasch- und KühlstufeWashing and cooling stage
99
Verfahrbarer KegelMovable cone
1010th
AbdichtungssystemSealing system

Claims (14)

Verfahren zur Kühlung und Reinigung von Vergasungsrohgasen, die bei der Vergasung von Brenn-, Rest- und Abfallstoffen entstehen und bei Normal- und höheren Drucken und mit Temperaturen zwischen 1100- 1600 °C aus dem Vergasungsraum eines Flugstromvergasers in ein Kühl- oder Quenchsystem eintreten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zu kühlende und zu reinigende heiße Rohgas aus dem Vergasungsraum in einem sich verjüngenden Rohr auf Geschwindigkeiten zwischen 30 und 150 m/s, vorzugsweise zwischen 50 und 100 m/s beschleunigt wird, wobei dem heißen Rohgas vor oder nach dem engsten Querschnitt Kühlmittel zugeführt wird.Process for cooling and purifying raw gasification gases in the gasification of fuels, residues and waste materials arise and at normal and higher pressures and with temperatures between 1100 - 1600 ° C from the gasification chamber of an entrained flow gasifier in enter a cooling or quench system, characterized in that the hot raw gas to be cooled and cleaned from the Gasification room in a tapered tube Speeds between 30 and 150 m / s, preferably between 50 and 100 m / s is accelerated, the hot raw gas before or coolant is supplied after the narrowest cross section. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Geschwindigkeit des Gasstromes über den Querschnitt des Rohres unabhängig von der Gasmenge geregelt wird.A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the velocity of the gas flow across the cross section of the pipe is regulated regardless of the amount of gas. Verfahren nach den Ansprüchen 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Kühlmittel Wasser, Laugen oder Säuren zugeführt werden.Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that that water, alkalis or acids are added as coolants. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Rohgas nach dem Beschleunigungs- und Waschprozess einem zusätzlichen Wasch- und Kühlprozess mit einer anschließenden Abscheidung unterzogen wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that
the raw gas is subjected to an additional washing and cooling process with a subsequent separation after the acceleration and washing process. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
als Kühlmittel im Rohr die abgetrennte Flüssigkeit des Abscheiders oder der nachgeschalteten Wasch- und Kühlstufe zugeführt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that
the separated liquid of the separator or the downstream washing and cooling stage is supplied as a coolant in the pipe. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
nach dem Vergasungsraum (2) als Rohr zur Beschleunigung des Rohgases ein Venturirohr (3) angeordnet ist, welches an seiner engsten Stelle Zuführöffnungen (5, 7) für eine Kühlflüssigkeit aufweist.Device for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
a venturi tube (3) is arranged after the gasification chamber (2) as a tube for accelerating the raw gas and has supply openings (5, 7) for a cooling liquid at its narrowest point. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Venturirohr (3) ein Abscheider (6) angeordnet ist.Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that a separator (6) is arranged after the venturi tube (3). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Venturirohr (3) als Doppelmantel (4) ausgeführt ist und das Kühlmittel über den Doppelmantel (4) dem Venturirohr (3) zugeführt wird.Device according to one of claims 6 and 7,
characterized in that
the venturi tube (3) is designed as a double jacket (4) and the coolant is fed to the venturi tube (3) via the double jacket (4). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Zuführung (5) des Kühlmittels in das Venturirohr (3) über Düsen erfolgt.Device according to one of claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that
the coolant is fed (5) into the venturi tube (3) via nozzles. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Zuführung (5) des Kühlmittels über einen Überlauf erfolgt.Device for carrying out a method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
the coolant is supplied (5) via an overflow. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Zuführung (5) des Kühlmittels über durch einen mittels Spalt erzeugten Kühlmittelfilm erfolgt.Device for carrying out a method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that
the coolant is supplied (5) via a coolant film produced by means of a gap. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
dem Venturirohr (3) eine zusätzliche Wasch- und Kühlstufe (8) nachgeschaltet ist und das gekühlte und gewaschene Gas zum Abscheider (6) gelangt. Device according to one of claims 6 to 11,
characterized in that
The Venturi tube (3) is followed by an additional washing and cooling stage (8) and the cooled and washed gas reaches the separator (6). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Kühlmittel des Venturirohres (3) abgetrennte Flüssigkeit des Abscheiders (6) oder der nachgeschalteten Wasch- und Kühlstufe (8) über Rohrleitungen zugeführt wird.Device according to one of claims 6 to 12,
characterized in that
the coolant of the Venturi tube (3) separated liquid of the separator (6) or the downstream washing and cooling stage (8) is fed via pipes. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
der wirksame Querschnitt des Venturirohres (3) mittels verfahrbarem Kegel (9) im Venturirohr (3) eingestellt wird.Device according to one of claims 6 to 13,
characterized in that
the effective cross section of the venturi tube (3) is set by means of a movable cone (9) in the venturi tube (3).
EP00123621A 1999-11-02 2000-10-28 Process and plant for the cooling and cleaning of gasification gases Withdrawn EP1097984A3 (en)

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