EP1087114B1 - Method for controlling the regeneration of a particulate filter - Google Patents

Method for controlling the regeneration of a particulate filter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1087114B1
EP1087114B1 EP00119467A EP00119467A EP1087114B1 EP 1087114 B1 EP1087114 B1 EP 1087114B1 EP 00119467 A EP00119467 A EP 00119467A EP 00119467 A EP00119467 A EP 00119467A EP 1087114 B1 EP1087114 B1 EP 1087114B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
regeneration
particle filter
temperature
loading
exhaust
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP00119467A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1087114A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Lang
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F01N3/0293—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust injecting substances in exhaust stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/04—Methods of control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/0422—Methods of control or diagnosing measuring the elapsed time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
    • F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
    • F02D2200/08—Exhaust gas treatment apparatus parameters
    • F02D2200/0812—Particle filter loading
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling regeneration of a Particulate filter with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.
  • soot particles are formed under certain operating conditions, which are discharged with the exhaust gas. Unhindered emission of the soot particles is not only undesirable due to increased legal regulations, but can also lead to damage to exhaust gas cleaning devices integrated in an exhaust gas duct of the diesel engine. For example, the NO x storage catalytic converters can become clogged with increasing operating time as a result of an increasing deposition of soot particles. It is therefore known to arrange a particle filter in the exhaust gas passage, through which the exhaust gas flows and thereby retains soot particles.
  • Regeneration takes place through oxidation with the oxygen present in the exhaust gas, but at least one Regeneration temperature in the area of the particle filter must be reached. Is that Temperature below the regeneration temperature, it is known, for example through motor measures, a throttle valve regulation or with the help of a electrical heating resistor to force a temperature increase. Is conceivable but also to reduce the regeneration temperature by adding suitable additives, until the regeneration is complete.
  • a load value can be determined using suitable models of the particle filter is calculated.
  • models include parameters like one Speed of the diesel engine, the exhaust gas back pressure or the Exhaust gas temperature. If the loading value exceeds a predetermined limit value, then the regeneration is initiated. It is disadvantageous, however, that when determining the Load value according to the conventional methods a relatively high error in purchase must be taken and therefore the limit is set accordingly low. This means that the regeneration is carried out more frequently than is actually technically necessary is.
  • US-5,287,698 describes an exhaust gas purification device which has a particle filter, whereby the loading and finally the regeneration start of the filter by a variety determined by parameters and the burn rate is monitored.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method which Regeneration of the particle filter optimally adapts to the actual circumstances.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of a particle filter 10 in an exhaust duct 12 Diesel engine 14 of motor vehicles.
  • Exhaust side can Exhaust duct 12 can be assigned to several sensors, for example Temperature sensors 16, 18 or pressure sensors 20, 22. The determined in this way Sizes are input into an engine control unit 24.
  • the engine control unit 24 can, for example, an injection system 26, a throttle valve 28 in a known manner controlled in an intake manifold 30 or a throttle valve 32 in the exhaust duct 12 become.
  • FIG. 2 shows a flow diagram for a method that controls the regeneration of the Particulate filter 10 allowed.
  • Input parameters a load value BW, a travel time t, a travel distance s and a Frequency np of a pressure-dependent event can be recorded. These sizes will be briefly explained below.
  • the load value BW is a measure of the flow characteristic of the exhaust gas through the particle filter 10 and increases with increasing soot loading.
  • the load value BW can be calculated from a model that includes one Pressure difference before and after the particle filter 10 flows.
  • An exhaust back pressure p before the particle filter 10 can be detected directly via the pressure sensor 20.
  • the pressure of the Exhaust gas downstream of the particle filter 10 is, for example, via the pressure sensor 22 detectable.
  • quantities must are taken into account, such as one detectable by the temperature sensor 16 Exhaust gas temperature, as well as an air mass flow or a speed of the diesel engine 14.
  • Such models are known and should therefore be in the frame this description will not be explained in more detail.
  • the travel time t and the travel distance s are both measured from the point in time at which the last regeneration of the particle filter 10 was ended.
  • the integration of appropriate measuring devices in the motor vehicle and the transmission of the recorded data to the engine control unit 24 is known.
  • the fourth input variable is a variable dependent on the exhaust gas back pressure p, namely the frequency n p for the exhaust gas back pressure p to be exceeded via a peak pressure p max since the last regeneration of the particle filter 10. Again, this variable can either be detected directly via the pressure sensor 20 or via a known one Model can be calculated.
  • a step S1 the detected parameters flow into a map, the one Status code Z delivers.
  • the weighting of the individual factors can engine-specific.
  • the condition index is Z of all included parameters dependent.
  • step S2 If the status indicator Z exceeds a status indicator limit value GW 1 , there is a need for regeneration (step S2). In the opposite case, the query is terminated (step S3), and the method can be reinitiated if necessary.
  • the procedure shown is particularly advantageous because an unnecessarily frequent regeneration can be avoided. If, for example, the travel time t or the travel distance s has been very short since the last regeneration, the load value BW must already be very large in order to lead to an overall exceeding of the status indicator Z via the status indicator limit value GW 1 .
  • a temperature T in the area of the particle filter 10 is below a necessary regeneration temperature T reg . If this is the case, at least one measure for reaching the regeneration temperature T reg is taken (step S5).
  • measures include, for example, the addition of additives, electrical heating with a heating resistor (not shown here) in the area of the particle filter 10 or regulation of the throttle valve 28.
  • the necessary regeneration temperature T reg that can be detected, for example, by the temperature sensor 18 is reached at the particle filter 10 so that the regeneration can be carried out (step S6).
  • the regeneration parameters are maintained until the load value BW is below a load limit value GW 2 , for example 5 to 20% (step S7). Otherwise the regeneration is terminated in a step S8.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

From a family of characteristics or model, which cover the degree of particle deposition (BW) of the filter (10), the journey time (t) and/or the distance travelled (s) since the last regeneration, a condition factor (Z) is derived. If this factor exceeds a limiting value (GW1) this indicates that regeneration is necessary. A regeneration process is then performed until a lower limit (GW2) is reached

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Regeneration eines Partikelfilters mit den im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 genannten Merkmalen.The invention relates to a method for controlling regeneration of a Particulate filter with the features mentioned in the preamble of claim 1.

Während eines Verbrennungsvorgangs eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches in DieselBrennkraftmaschinen von Kraftfahrzeugen entstehen unter bestimmten Betriebsbedingungen Rußpartikel, die mit dem Abgas ausgetragen werden. Eine ungehinderte Emission der Rußpartikel ist nicht nur aufgrund gestiegener gesetzlicher Bestimmungen unerwünscht, sondern kann auch zur Schädigung von in einem Abgaskanal der Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine integrierten Abgasreinigungseinrichtungen führen. So können sich beispielsweise mit zunehmender Betriebsdauer infolge einer zunehmenden Ablagerung von Rußpartikeln die NOX-Speicherkatalysatoren zusetzen. Es ist daher bekannt, in dem Abgaskanal einen Partikelfilter anzuordnen, der von dem Abgas durchströmt wird und dabei Rußpartikel zurückhält.During a combustion process of an air-fuel mixture in diesel internal combustion engines of motor vehicles, soot particles are formed under certain operating conditions, which are discharged with the exhaust gas. Unhindered emission of the soot particles is not only undesirable due to increased legal regulations, but can also lead to damage to exhaust gas cleaning devices integrated in an exhaust gas duct of the diesel engine. For example, the NO x storage catalytic converters can become clogged with increasing operating time as a result of an increasing deposition of soot particles. It is therefore known to arrange a particle filter in the exhaust gas passage, through which the exhaust gas flows and thereby retains soot particles.

Um ein allmähliches Zusetzen des Partikelfilters zu verhindern, muß dieser in regelmäßigen Abständen regeneriert werden. Die Regeneration erfolgt durch Oxidation mit dem im Abgas vorhandenen Sauerstoff, wobei allerdings mindestens eine Regenerationstemperatur im Bereich des Partikelfilters erreicht werden muß. Liegt die Temperatur unterhalb der Regenerationstemperatur, so ist es bekannt, beispielsweise durch motorische Maßnahmen, eine Drosselklappenregulierung oder mit Hilfe eines elektrischen Heizwiderstandes eine Temperaturerhöhung zu erzwingen. Denkbar ist aber auch, durch Zugabe von geeigneten Additiven die Regenerationstemperatur herabzusetzen, bis die Regeneration abgeschlossen ist.In order to prevent a gradual clogging of the particle filter, it must be in be regenerated at regular intervals. Regeneration takes place through oxidation with the oxygen present in the exhaust gas, but at least one Regeneration temperature in the area of the particle filter must be reached. Is that Temperature below the regeneration temperature, it is known, for example through motor measures, a throttle valve regulation or with the help of a electrical heating resistor to force a temperature increase. Is conceivable but also to reduce the regeneration temperature by adding suitable additives, until the regeneration is complete.

Es ist ferner bekannt, eine Regenerationsnotwendigkeit derart festzulegen, daß im Turnus einer vorgegebenen Fahrzeit oder Fahrstrecke die Regeneration durchgeführt wird. Nachteilig hieran ist, daß ein tatsächlicher Beladungszustand des Partikelfilters unberücksichtigt bleibt und die jeweils gesetzte Fahrzeit oder Fahrstrecke aus Gründen der Sicherheit entsprechend niedrig gewählt wird. Damit kann es zu einer unnötigen Regeneration kommen. Neben dem im allgemeinen erhöhten Kraftstoffverbrauch müssen dann auch eine erhöhte Gefahr einer thermischen Schädigung der Abgasreinigungseinrichtung sowie Einflüsse auf das Fahrverhalten in Kauf genommen werden.It is also known to determine a need for regeneration in such a way that The regeneration is carried out at intervals of a given travel time or route becomes. The disadvantage of this is that the particle filter is actually loaded remains unconsidered and the set travel time or route for reasons security is chosen accordingly low. This can make it unnecessary Regeneration are coming. In addition to the generally increased fuel consumption then also have an increased risk of thermal damage to the Exhaust gas cleaning device and influences on driving behavior are accepted become.

Zur Abhilfe sind Verfahren bekannt, in denen über geeignete Modelle ein Beladungswert des Partikelfilters berechnet wird. Derartige Modelle umfassen dabei Parameter wie eine Drehzahl der Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, den Abgasgegendruck oder die Abgastemperatur. Überschreitet der Beladungswert einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert, so wird die Regeneration initiiert. Nachteilig ist allerdings, daß bei der Ermittlung des Beladungswertes nach den herkömmlichen Verfahren ein relativ hoher Fehler in Kauf genommen werden muß und daher der Grenzwert entsprechend niedrig angesetzt wird. Damit wird die Regeneration häufiger durchgeführt als eigentlich technisch notwendig ist. As a remedy, methods are known in which a load value can be determined using suitable models of the particle filter is calculated. Such models include parameters like one Speed of the diesel engine, the exhaust gas back pressure or the Exhaust gas temperature. If the loading value exceeds a predetermined limit value, then the regeneration is initiated. It is disadvantageous, however, that when determining the Load value according to the conventional methods a relatively high error in purchase must be taken and therefore the limit is set accordingly low. This means that the regeneration is carried out more frequently than is actually technically necessary is.

US-5,287,698 beschreibt eine Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung, die einen Partikelfilter aufweist, wobei die Beladung und schließlich der Regenerationsbeginn des Filters durch eine Vielzahl von Parametern bestimmt und die Abbrennrate überwacht wird.US-5,287,698 describes an exhaust gas purification device which has a particle filter, whereby the loading and finally the regeneration start of the filter by a variety determined by parameters and the burn rate is monitored.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur schaffen, das eine Regeneration des Partikelfilters optimaler an die tatsächlichen Begebenheiten anpaßt.The invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method which Regeneration of the particle filter optimally adapts to the actual circumstances.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den übrigen, in den Unteransprüchen genannten Merkmalen.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend in einem Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der zugehörigen Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Anordnung eines Partikelfilters in einem Abgaskanal einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine und
Figur 2
ein Flußdiagramm zur Steuerung einer Regeneration des Partikelfilters.
Further preferred embodiments of the invention result from the other features mentioned in the subclaims.
The invention is explained in more detail in an exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:
Figure 1
an arrangement of a particle filter in an exhaust duct of a diesel engine and
Figure 2
a flowchart for controlling a regeneration of the particle filter.

Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Anordnung eines Partikelfilters 10 in einem Abgaskanal 12 einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine 14 von Kraftfahrzeugen. Abgasseitig können dem Abgaskanal 12 mehrere Sensoren zugeordnet werden, wie beispielsweise Temperatursensoren 16, 18 oder Drucksensoren 20, 22. Die auf diese Weise ermittelten Größen finden Eingang in einem Motorsteuergerät 24. Über das Motorsteuergerät 24 kann in bekannter Weise beispielsweise ein Einspritzsystem 26, eine Drosselklappe 28 in einem Saugrohr 30 oder auch eine Drosselklappe 32 im Abgaskanal 12 gesteuert werden.FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of a particle filter 10 in an exhaust duct 12 Diesel engine 14 of motor vehicles. Exhaust side can Exhaust duct 12 can be assigned to several sensors, for example Temperature sensors 16, 18 or pressure sensors 20, 22. The determined in this way Sizes are input into an engine control unit 24. Via the engine control unit 24 can, for example, an injection system 26, a throttle valve 28 in a known manner controlled in an intake manifold 30 or a throttle valve 32 in the exhaust duct 12 become.

Während eines Verbrennungsvorganges eines Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches in der Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine 14 entstehen Rußpartikel, die in dem Partikelfilter 10 beim Durchströmen des Abgases zurückgehalten werden. Um ein Verstopfen des Partikelfilters 10 zu vermeiden, muß dieser regelmäßig regeneriert werden. Die Figur 2 zeigt ein Flußdiagramm für ein Verfahren, das eine Steuerung der Regeneration des Partikelfilters 10 erlaubt. Zunächst müssen gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel als Eingangsparameter ein Beladungswert BW, eine Fahrzeit t, eine Fahrstrecke s und eine Häufigkeit np eines druckabhängigen Ereignisses erfaßt werden. Diese Größen werden nachfolgend kurz erläutert.During a combustion process of an air-fuel mixture in the diesel engine 14 soot particles are formed, which in the particle filter 10 Flowing through the exhaust gas are retained. To clog the To avoid particle filter 10, it must be regenerated regularly. Figure 2 shows a flow diagram for a method that controls the regeneration of the Particulate filter 10 allowed. First, according to the embodiment as Input parameters a load value BW, a travel time t, a travel distance s and a Frequency np of a pressure-dependent event can be recorded. These sizes will be briefly explained below.

Der Beladungswert BW ist ein Maß für die Durchflußcharakteristik des Abgases durch den Partikelfilter 10 und erhöht sich mit zunehmender Rußbeladung. Der Beladungswert BW kann dabei aus einem Modell berechnet werden, in das unter anderem eine Druckdifferenz vor und hinter dem Partikelfilter 10 einfließt. Ein Abgasgegendruck p vor dem Partikelfilter 10 kann über den Drucksensor 20 direkt erfaßt werden. Der Druck des Abgases stromab des Partikelfilters 10 ist beispielsweise über den Drucksensor 22 erfaßbar. Weiterhin müssen zur Berücksichtigung einer Dynamik dieses Modells Größen berücksichtigt werden, wie eine über den Temperatursensor 16 erfaßbare Abgastemperatur, als auch ein Luftmassenstrom oder eine Drehzahl der Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine 14. Derartige Modelle sind bekannt und sollen daher im Rahmen dieser Beschreibung nicht näher erläutert werden.The load value BW is a measure of the flow characteristic of the exhaust gas through the particle filter 10 and increases with increasing soot loading. The load value BW can be calculated from a model that includes one Pressure difference before and after the particle filter 10 flows. An exhaust back pressure p before the particle filter 10 can be detected directly via the pressure sensor 20. The pressure of the Exhaust gas downstream of the particle filter 10 is, for example, via the pressure sensor 22 detectable. In addition, to take into account the dynamics of this model, quantities must are taken into account, such as one detectable by the temperature sensor 16 Exhaust gas temperature, as well as an air mass flow or a speed of the diesel engine 14. Such models are known and should therefore be in the frame this description will not be explained in more detail.

Die Fahrzeit t und die Fahrstrecke s werden beide ab dem Zeitpunkt gemessen, an dem die letzte Regeneration des Partikelfilters 10 beendet wurde. Die Integration entsprechender Meßeinrichtungen in dem Kraftfahrzeug und die Übermittlung der erfaßten Daten an das Motorsteuergerät 24 ist bekannt.
Als vierte Eingangsgröße dient eine vom Abgasgegendruck p abhängige Größe, nämlich die Häufigkeit np für ein Überschreiten des Abgasgegendruckes p über einen Spitzendruck pmax seit der letzten Regeneration des Partikelfilters 10. Wiederum kann diese Größe entweder direkt über den Drucksensor 20 erfaßt oder über ein bekanntes Modell berechnet werden.The travel time t and the travel distance s are both measured from the point in time at which the last regeneration of the particle filter 10 was ended. The integration of appropriate measuring devices in the motor vehicle and the transmission of the recorded data to the engine control unit 24 is known.
The fourth input variable is a variable dependent on the exhaust gas back pressure p, namely the frequency n p for the exhaust gas back pressure p to be exceeded via a peak pressure p max since the last regeneration of the particle filter 10. Again, this variable can either be detected directly via the pressure sensor 20 or via a known one Model can be calculated.

Die erfaßten Parameter fließen in einem Schritt S1 in ein Kennfeld ein, das eine Zustandskennzahl Z liefert. Die Gewichtung der einzelnen Faktoren kann dabei motorspezifisch angepaßt werden. Insgesamt ist die Zustandskennzahl Z von allen eingeflossenen Parametern abhängig.In a step S1, the detected parameters flow into a map, the one Status code Z delivers. The weighting of the individual factors can engine-specific. Overall, the condition index is Z of all included parameters dependent.

Überschreitet die Zustandskennzahl Z einen Zustand Kennzahl-Grenzwert GW1, so liegt eine Regenerationsnotwendigkeit vor (Schritt S2). Im gegenteiligen Fall erfolgt ein Abbruch der Abfrage (Schritt S3), und gegebenenfalls kann das Verfahren neu initiiert werden. Die gezeigte Vorgehensweise ist besonders deshalb vorteilhaft, weil eine unnötig häufige Regeneration vermieden werden kann. Ist beispielsweise die Fahrzeit t oder die Fahrstrecke s seit der letzten Regeneration noch sehr klein, so muß der Beladungswert BW bereits sehr groß sein, um insgesamt zu einem Überschreiten der Zustandskennzahl Z über den Zustand Kennzahl-Grenzwert GW1 zu führen.If the status indicator Z exceeds a status indicator limit value GW 1 , there is a need for regeneration (step S2). In the opposite case, the query is terminated (step S3), and the method can be reinitiated if necessary. The procedure shown is particularly advantageous because an unnecessarily frequent regeneration can be avoided. If, for example, the travel time t or the travel distance s has been very short since the last regeneration, the load value BW must already be very large in order to lead to an overall exceeding of the status indicator Z via the status indicator limit value GW 1 .

Bei bestehender Regenerationsnotwendigkeit wird nachfolgend in einem Schritt S4 ermittelt, ob eine Temperatur T im Bereich des Partikelfilters 10 unterhalb einer notwendigen Regenerationstemperatur Treg liegt. Ist dies der Fall, so wird zumindest eine Maßnahme zum Erreichen der Regenerationstemperatur Treg ergriffen (Schritt S5). Derartige Maßnahmen umfassen beispielsweise einen Zusatz von Additiven, ein elektrisches Aufheizen mit einem hier nicht dargestellten Heizwiderstand im Bereich des Partikelfilters 10 oder eine Regelung der Drosselklappe 28. Selbstverständlich kann auch durch Steuerung des Verbrennungsvorgangs des Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches über das Einspritzsystem 26 und die Drosselklappe 28 im Saugrohr 30 die Abgastemperatur erhöht werden. Wichtig ist lediglich, daß die beispielsweise über den Temperatursensor 18 erfaßbare notwendige Regenerationstemperatur Treg am Partikelfilter 10 erreicht wird, damit die Regeneration durchgeführt werden kann (Schritt S6).If there is a need for regeneration, it is subsequently determined in a step S4 whether a temperature T in the area of the particle filter 10 is below a necessary regeneration temperature T reg . If this is the case, at least one measure for reaching the regeneration temperature T reg is taken (step S5). Such measures include, for example, the addition of additives, electrical heating with a heating resistor (not shown here) in the area of the particle filter 10 or regulation of the throttle valve 28. Of course, by controlling the combustion process of the air-fuel mixture via the injection system 26 and the throttle valve 28 in the intake manifold 30, the exhaust gas temperature can be increased. It is only important that the necessary regeneration temperature T reg that can be detected, for example, by the temperature sensor 18 is reached at the particle filter 10 so that the regeneration can be carried out (step S6).

Die Regenerationsparameter werden so lange aufrechterhalten, bis der Beladungswert BW unterhalb eines Beladungs-Grenzwertes GW2, beispielsweise bei 5 bis 20%, liegt (Schritt S7). Andernfalls erfolgt in einem Schritt S8 ein Abbruch der Regeneration.The regeneration parameters are maintained until the load value BW is below a load limit value GW 2 , for example 5 to 20% (step S7). Otherwise the regeneration is terminated in a step S8.

Claims (4)

  1. Method for controlling a regeneration of a particle filter which is arranged in an exhaust pipe of a diesel internal-combustion engine, characterized in that
    (a) a state characteristic variable Z is determined using a characteristic diagram or model which includes a loading value BW for the particle filter (10) and a driving time t and/or driving distance s since the last regeneration,
    (b) there is a need for regeneration when the state characteristic variable Z exceeds a state characteristic variable limit value GW1, and the regeneration is carried out until the loading value BW for the particle filter (10) is below a loading limit value GW2,
    an exhaust-gas back-pressure p, in the form of a frequency np with which the exhaust-gas back-pressure p has exceeded a peak pressure pmax since the last regeneration of the particle filter (10), being taken into account in the model or characteristic diagram for determining the state characteristic variable Z.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that when there is a need for regeneration and when a temperature T in the region of the particle filter (10) is below a required regeneration temperature Treg, at least one measure is taken in order to reach the regeneration temperature Treg.
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the measures for reaching the regeneration temperature Treg comprise the addition of additives, electrical heating and engine measures.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the loading limit value GW2 for the loading value BW is ≤ 5 to 20%.
EP00119467A 1999-09-22 2000-09-15 Method for controlling the regeneration of a particulate filter Expired - Lifetime EP1087114B1 (en)

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DE19945372A DE19945372A1 (en) 1999-09-22 1999-09-22 Method for controlling regeneration of a particle filter
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