EP1084827A2 - Electrode positive pour l'impression par coagulation - Google Patents

Electrode positive pour l'impression par coagulation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1084827A2
EP1084827A2 EP00120005A EP00120005A EP1084827A2 EP 1084827 A2 EP1084827 A2 EP 1084827A2 EP 00120005 A EP00120005 A EP 00120005A EP 00120005 A EP00120005 A EP 00120005A EP 1084827 A2 EP1084827 A2 EP 1084827A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
positive electrode
colored
substrate
ink
electrode active
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00120005A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1084827A3 (fr
Inventor
Adrien Castegnier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd
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Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd filed Critical Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd
Publication of EP1084827A2 publication Critical patent/EP1084827A2/fr
Publication of EP1084827A3 publication Critical patent/EP1084827A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/105—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by electrocoagulation, by electro-adhesion or by electro-releasing of material, e.g. a liquid from a gel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni

Definitions

  • the present invention pertains to improvements in the field of electrocoagulation printing. More particularly, the invention relates to an improved anode for use in an electrocoagulation printing method and apparatus.
  • US Patent N° 4,895,629 of January 23, 1990 has disclosed a high-speed electrocoagulation printing method and apparatus in which use is made of a positive electrode in the form of a revolving cylinder having a passivated surface onto which dots of colored, coagulated ink representative of an image are produced. These dots of colored, coagulated ink are thereafter contacted with a substrate such as paper to cause transfer of the colored, coagulated ink onto the substrate and thereby imprint the substrate with the image.
  • the positive electrode is coated with a dispersion containing an olefinic substance and a metal oxide prior to electrical energization of the negative electrodes in order to weaken the adherence of the dots of coagulated ink to the positive electrode and also to prevent an uncontrolled corrosion of the positive electrode.
  • gas generated as a result of electrolysis upon energizing the negative electrodes is consumed by reaction with the olefinic substance so that there is no gas accumulation between the negative and positive electrodes.
  • the electrocoagulation printing ink which is injected into the gap defined between the positive and negative electrodes consists essentially of a liquid colloidal dispersion containing an electrolytically coagulable polymer, a dispersing medium, a soluble electrolyte and a coloring agent.
  • the coloring agent used is a pigment
  • a dispersing agent is added for uniformly dispersing the pigment into the ink.
  • any remaining non-coagulated ink is removed from the surface of the positive electrode, for example, by scraping the surface with a soft rubber squeegee, so as to fully uncover the colored, coagulated ink which is thereafter transferred onto the substrate.
  • the surface of the positive electrode is thereafter cleaned by means of a plurality of rotating brushes and a cleaning liquid to remove any residual coagulated ink adhered to the surface of the positive electrode.
  • the negative and positive electrodes, the positive electrode coating device, ink injector, rubber squeegee and positive electrode cleaning device are arranged to define a printing unit and several printing units each using a coloring agent of different color are disposed in tandem relation to produce several differently colored images of coagulated ink which are transferred at respective transfer stations onto the substrate in superimposed relation to provide the desired polychromic image.
  • the printing units can be arranged around a single roller adapted to bring the substrate into contact with the dots of colored, coagulated ink produced by each printing unit, and the substrate which is in the form of a continuous web is partially wrapped around the roller and passed through the respective transfer stations for being imprinted with the differently colored images in superimposed relation.
  • the positive electrode which is used for electrocoagulation printing must be made of an electrolytically inert metal capable of releasing trivalent ions so that upon electrical energization of the negative electrodes, dissolution of the passive oxide film on such an electrode generates trivalent ions which then initiate coagulation of the ink.
  • electrolytically inert metals include stainless steels, aluminium and tin.
  • Stainless steels are preferred due to their low cost and availability. These are iron alloys containing a minimum of approximately 11 wt.% chromium. This amount of chromium prevents the formation of rust in unpolluted atmospheres. Their corrosion resistance is provided by the aforesaid passive oxide film which is self-healing in a wide variety of environments.
  • the stainless steels hitherto used consisted of 12 to 20 wt.% Cr, 3 to 10 wt.% Ni, 0.5 to 2.5 wt.% Mo and 0.03 to 0.09 wt.% C, with the balance consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • Such alloys give satisfactory results in respect of electrocoagulation, the inventor has observed that they do not have a hardness sufficient to withstand the harsh conditions encountered during cleaning of the positive electrode, resulting in abrasion and pitting of such an electrode. It is therefore necessary to regrind the surface of the electrode after every forty hours of printing. This, of course, requires shutdown of the printing apparatus and removal of the electrode.
  • a positive electrode for an electrocoagulation printing made of an iron alloy consisting essentially of:
  • Such a positive electrode can be thoroughly cleaned without undergoing abrasion and/or pitting during cleaning.
  • the alloy composition does not adversely affect passivation.
  • an improved electrocoagulation printing method comprising the steps of:
  • the present invention also provides, in a further aspect thereof, an improved multicolor electrocoagulation printing method comprising the steps of:
  • an improved electrocoagulation printing apparatus comprising:
  • the means for forming the dots of colored, coagulated ink and the means for bringing a substrate into contact with the dots of colored, coagulated ink are arranged to define a printing unit, and there are several printing units positioned at predetermined locations along the path and each using a coloring agent of different colored for producing several differently colored images of coagulated ink which are transferred at respective transfer stations onto the substrate in superimposed relation to provide a polychromic image.
  • the positive electrode is a cylindrical electrode having a central longitudinal axis and rotating at substantially constant speed about the longitudinal axis, and the printing stages are arranged around the positive cylindrical electrode.
  • an improved electrocoagulation printing apparatus comprising:
  • the positive electrode is a cylindrical electrode having a central longitudinal axis and the means for moving the positive electrode active surface includes means for rotating the positive cylindrical electrode about the longitudinal axis, the printing units being arranged around the positive cylindrical electrode.
  • a positive electrode according to this invention is made of an iron alloy consisting essentially of:
  • the inventor has found quite unexpectedly that a stainless steel anode with the above alloy composition is sufficiently hard so that it can be thoroughly cleaned without undergoing abrasion and/or pitting during cleaning and that such an alloy composition does not adversely affect passivation.
  • the stainless steel must have a chromium content of at least 20 wt.% since, when the chromium content is lower than 20 wt.%, the passive oxide film does not have sufficiently rapid self-healing properties and there is a release of undesirable Fe +2 ions.
  • a chromium content ranging between 20 and 30 wt.% is preferred.
  • the stainless steel must also have a nickel content within the range of 5 to 15 wt.% since, when the nickel content is higher than 15 wt.%, the anode cannot be thoroughly cleaned so that a residual film of ink containing non-coagulated ink is left on the surface of the anode, leading to the formation of undesirable background on the printed image.
  • the nickel content is lower than 5 wt.%, the steel is not sufficiently ductile and corrosion-resistant.
  • a carbon content within the range of 0.1 to 0.3 wt.% is essential since, when the carbon content is higher than 0.3 wt.%, passivation is adversely affected and, when the carbon content is lower than 0.1 wt.%, the steel is not sufficiently hard.
  • Manganese is an alloying agent added for providing depassivation initiation sites, whereas silicon is an alloying agent added for increasing the resistance to chloride corrosion.
  • Use is preferably made of an iron alloy consisting essentially of 25 to 28 wt.% Cr, 8 to 11 wt.% Ni, 1 to 2 wt.% Si, 0.9 to 1.5 wt.% Mn and 0.1 to 0.2 wt.% C, the balance consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • a particularly preferred iron alloy consists essentially of 26.4 wt.% Cr, 9.7 wt.% Ni, 1.08 wt.% Si, 0.95 wt.% Mn and 0.12 wt.% C, the balance consisting of iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • Such an alloy has a Brinell hardness of about 225.
  • An electrocoagulation printing method using the positive electrode according to the invention comprises the steps of:
  • FIG. 1 there is illustrated an embodiment of an electrocoagulation printing apparatus having the positive electrode according to the present invention for carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • This apparatus 1 comprises a positive electrode 3 made of an improved stainless steel, a plurality of negative electrodes 5 having a diameter of 50 ⁇ m and spaced from the positive electrode 3 by a constant predetermined gap, a coating unit 7 for coating the positive electrode surface with a coating agent to form micro-droplets thereof on the positive electrode surface, an ink discharge unit 9 for supplying electrocoagulation printing ink to the positive electrode 3, a removing unit 11 using a soft polyurethane squeegee for removing non-coagulated ink from the positive electrode surface, a transferring unit 13 using a pressure roller formed of polyurethane for transferring the dots of coagulated ink onto the substrate from the positive electrode surface, and a cleaning unit 15 for cleaning the positive electrode surface by jetting a cleaning liquid thereagainst.
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged schematic illustration of a printing unit of an electrocoagulation printing apparatus
  • the positive electrode used can be in the form of a moving endless belt as described in US Patent No. 4,661,222, or in the form of a revolving cylinder as described in US Patent Nos. 4,895,629 and 5,538,601.
  • use can preferably made of a cylindrical electrode having a central longitudinal axis and rotating at substantially constant speed about the longitudinal axis, and the printing stages or units are arranged around the positive cylindrical electrode as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the positive electrode active surface and the ink are maintained at a temperature of about 35-60°C, preferably about 40°C, to increase the viscosity of the coagulated ink in step (b) so that the dots of colored, coagulated ink remain coherent during their transfer in step (c), thereby enhancing transfer of the colored, coagulated ink onto the substrate or belt.
  • the positive electrode active surface can be heated at the desired temperature and the ink applied on the heated electrode surface to cause a transfer of heat therefrom to the ink.
  • step (b) of the above electrocoagulation printing method is carried out by:
  • Suitable electrolytically inert metals from which the negative electrodes can be made are stainless steel, platinum, chromium, nickel and aluminium.
  • the gap that is defined between the positive and negative electrodes can range from about 50 ⁇ m to about 100 ⁇ m, the smaller the electrode gap the sharper are the dots of coagulated ink produced.
  • the negative electrodes are the preferably spaced from one another by a distance of about 75 ⁇ m.
  • suitable oily substances which may be used to coat the surface of the positive electrode in step (b) (ii) include unsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, oleic acid and palmitoleic acid and unsaturated vegetable oils such as corn oil, linseed oil, olive oil, peanut oil, soybean oil and sunflower oil. Oleic acid is particularly preferred.
  • the micro-droplets of oily substance formed on the surface of the positive electrode active surface generally have a size ranging from about 1 to about 5 ⁇ m.
  • the oily substances are preferably applied onto the distribution roller 71 by disposing an applicator roller 73 parallel to the distribution roller 71, and rotating the applicator roller 73 and the distribution roller 71 in register while feeding the oily substances by using a feeding device 77.
  • the micro-droplets are advantageously transferred from the distribution roller 71 to the positive electrode 3 by disposing a transfer roller 75 parallel to the distribution roller 71 and in contact engagement therewith, positioning the transfer roller 75 in pressure contact engagement with the positive electrode 3, and rotating the transfer roller 75 and the positive electrode 3 in register for transferring the micro-droplets from the distribution roller 71 to the transfer roller 75 and thereafter transferring the micro-droplets from the transfer roller 75 to the positive electrode 3.
  • the oil-coated positive active surface is preferably polished to increase the adherence of the micro-droplets onto the positive electrode active surface, prior to step (b) (iii).
  • a rotating brush 8 provided with a plurality of radially extending bristles 81 made of horsehair and having extremities contacting the surface of the positive electrode 3. The friction caused by the bristles 81 contacting the surface upon rotation of the brush has been found to increase the adherence of the micro-droplets onto the positive electrode active surface.
  • step (b) (iii) of the above electrocoagulation printing method is advantageously carried out by continuously discharging the ink onto the positive electrode active surface from a fluid discharge means 9 disposed adjacent the electrode gap 6 at a predetermined height relative to the positive electrode and allowing the ink to flow downwardly along the positive electrode active surface, the ink being thus carried by the positive electrode upon rotation thereof to the electrode gap 6 to fill same.
  • excess ink flowing downwardly off the positive electrode active surface is collected and the collected ink is recirculated back to the fluid discharge means.
  • An electrocoagulation printing ink contains at least electrolytically coagulable polymer, a dispersing medium, a soluble electrolyte and a coloring agent.
  • the electrolytically coagulable polymer generally used is a linear polymer of high molecular weight, that is, one having a weight average molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 1,000,000, preferably between 100,000 and 600,000.
  • suitable polymers include natural polymers such as albumin, gelatin, casein and agar, and synthetic polymers such as polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • a particularly preferred polymer is an anionic copolymer of acrylamide and acrylic acid having a weight average molecular weight of about 250,000 and sold by Cyanamid Inc. under the trade mark ACCOSTRENGTH 86. Water is preferably used as the medium for dispersing the polymer to provide the desired colloidal dispersion.
  • Preferred electrolytes include alkali metal halides and alkaline earth metal halides, such as lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride and calcium chloride. Potassium chloride is particularly preferred.
  • the coloring agent can be a dye or a pigment. Examples of suitable dyes which may be used to color the ink are the water soluble dyes available from HOECHST such a Duasyn Acid Black for coloring in black and Duasyn Acid Blue for coloring in cyan, or those available from RIEDEL-DEHAEN such as Anti-Halo Dye Blue T. Pina for coloring in cyan, Anti-Halo Dye AC Magenta Extra V01 Pina for coloring in magenta and Anti-Halo Dye Oxonol Yellow N.
  • Pina for coloring in yellow.
  • a pigment which are available from CABOT CORP. such as Carbon Black Monarch® 120 for coloring in black, or those available from HOECHST such as Hostaperm Blue B2G or B3G for coloring in cyan, Permanent Rubine F6B or L6B for coloring in magenta and Permanent Yellow DGR or DHG for coloring in yellow.
  • a dispersing agent can be added for uniformly dispersing the pigment into the ink. Examples of suitable dispersing agents include the anionic dispersing agent sold by Boehme Filatex Canada Inc. under the trade mark CLOSPERSE 25000.
  • any remaining non-coagulated ink is removed from the positive electrode active surface in step (b) (v), for example, by scraping the surface with a soft rubber squeegee 11, so as to fully uncover the colored, coagulated ink.
  • the non-coagulated ink thus removed is collected and recirculated back to the aforesaid fluid discharge means.
  • the optical density of the dots of colored, coagulated ink may be varied by varying the voltage and/or pulse duration of the pulse-modulated signals applied to the negative electrodes.
  • step (c) is preferably carried out by providing at each transfer position a pressure roller 13 extending parallel to the positive cylindrical electrode 3 and pressed thereagainst to form a nip 14 and permit the pressure roller 13 to be driven by the positive electrode 3 upon rotation thereof, and passing the substrate S through the nip 14.
  • the pressure roller is provided with a peripheral covering of a synthetic rubber material such as a polyurethane having a Shore A hardness of about 95. A polyurethane covering with such a hardness has been found to further improve transfer of the coagulated ink from the positive electrode surface onto the substrate.
  • the pressure exerted between the positive electrode and the pressure roller preferably ranges from about 50 to about 100 kg/cm 2 .
  • the positive electrode active surface is generally cleaned to remove therefrom any remaining coagulated ink.
  • the positive electrode 3 is rotatable in a predetermined direction and any remaining coagulated ink is removed from the positive electrode active surface by providing an elongated rotatable brush 151 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the positive electrode, the brush being provided with a plurality of radially extending bristles 152 made of horsehair and having extremities contacting the positive electrode active surface, rotating the brush in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the positive electrode so as to cause the bristles to frictionally engage the positive electrode active surface, and directing jets of cleaning liquid produced by high pressure injectors 153 under pressure against the positive electrode active surface, from either side of the brush 151.
  • the positive electrode active surface and the ink are preferably maintained at a desired temperature by heating the cleaning liquid to thereby heat the positive electrode active surface upon contacting same and applying the ink on the heated electrode surface to cause a transfer of heat therefrom to the ink.
  • steps (b) and (c) of the above electrocoagulation printing method are repeated several times to define a corresponding number of printing stages arranged at predetermined locations along the aforesaid path and each using a coloring agent of different color, and to thereby produce several differently colored images of coagulated ink which are transferred at the respective transfer positions onto the substrate in superimposed relation to provide a polychromic image.
  • steps (a), (b) and (c) it is also possible to repeat several times steps (a), (b) and (c) to define a corresponding number of printing stages arranged in tandem relation and each using a coloring agent of different color, and to thereby produce several differently colored images of coagulated ink which are transferred at respective transfer positions onto the substrate in superimposed relation to provide a polychromic image, the substrate being in the form of a continuous web which is passed through the respective transfer positions for being imprinted with the colored images at the printing stages.
  • the printing stages defined by repeating several times steps (a), (b) and (c) can be arranged around a single roller adapted to bring the substrate into contact with the dots of colored, coagulated ink of each printing stage and the substrate which is in the form of a continuous web is partially wrapped around the roller and passed through the respective transfer positions for being imprinted with the colored images at the printing stages.
  • steps (a), (b) and (c) can be arranged around a single roller adapted to bring the substrate into contact with the dots of colored, coagulated ink of each printing stage and the substrate which is in the form of a continuous web is partially wrapped around the roller and passed through the respective transfer positions for being imprinted with the colored images at the printing stages.
  • an endless non-extensible belt moving at substantially the same speed as the positive electrode active surface and having on one side thereof a ink retaining surface adapted to releasably retain dots of electrocoagulated ink to cause transfer of the differently colored images at the respective transfer positions onto the ink retaining surface of such a belt in superimposed relation to provide a polychromic image, and thereafter bring the substrate into contact with the ink retaining surface of the belt to cause transfer of the polychromic image from the ink retaining surface onto the substrate and to thereby imprint the substrate with the polychromic image.
  • a belt comprising a plastic material having a porous coating of silica.
  • a multicolor electrocoagulation printing method using the positive electrode according to the invention comprises the steps of:
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a multicolor electrocoagulation printing apparatus for carrying out the method of the present invention.
  • This apparatus 2 comprises a central positive electrode 3 made of an improved stainless steel in the form of a revolving cylinder and four identical printing units 20 (20A, 20B, 20C, 20D) arranged around the positive cylindrical electrode 3, wherein the first printing unit 20A is adopted to print in yellow color, the second printing unit 20B in magenta color, the third printing unit 20C in cyan color and the forth printing unit 20D in black color, respectively.
  • the provision of two pairs of diametrically opposed pressure rollers arranged around the positive cylindrical electrode 3 prevents such an electrode from flexing since the forces exerted by the pressure rollers of each pair cancel each other out.
  • An endless non-extensible belt 17 moving at substantially the same speed as the positive electrode 3 has on one side thereof a coagulated ink retaining surface 171 and is brought into contact with the positive electrode surface 3 by the pressure rollers 131 to cause transfer of the dots of coagulated ink from the positive electrode surface onto the coagulated ink retaining surface 171.
  • the electrocoagulation printing ink contains water as the dispersing medium and the dots of differently colored, coagulated ink representative of the polychromic image are moistened between the aforementioned steps (d) and (e) so that the polychromic image is substantially completely transferred onto the substrate in step (e).
  • a moistening unit 19 comprising a plurality of spray nozzles 191.
  • the substrate S is in the form of a continuous web and step (e) is carried out by providing a support roller 135 and a pressure roller (not shown) extending parallel to the support roller 135 and pressed thereagainst to form a nip through which the belt 17 is passed, the support roller 135 and pressure roller being driven by the belt 17 upon movement thereof, and guiding the web S by a pair of guide rollers 137 so as to pass through the nip between the pressure roller and the porous surface of the belt for imprinting the web S with the polychromic image 200.
  • the belt with the porous surface thereof imprinted with the polychromic image is guided so as to travel along a path extending in a plane intersecting the longitudinal axis of the positive electrode at right angles, thereby exposing the porous surface to permit contacting thereof by the web.
  • the belt is preferably guided so as to travel along a horizontal path with the porous surface facing downwardly, the support roller and pressure roller having rotation axes disposed in a plane extending perpendicular to the horizontal path.
  • the porous surface of the belt is generally cleaned to remove therefrom any remaining coagulated ink.
  • any remaining coagulated ink is removed from the porous surface 171 of the belt 17 by providing at least one elongated rotatable brush 211 disposed on the one side of the belt and at least one support roller 213 extending parallel to the brush and disposed on the opposite side of the belt, the brush 211 and support roller 213 having rotation axes disposed in a plane extending perpendicular to the belt 17, the brush being provided with a plurality of radially extending bristles 212 made of horsehair and having extremities contacting the porous surface, rotating the brush in a direction opposite to the direction of movement of the belt so as to cause the bristles to frictionally engage the porous surface while supporting the belt with the support roller, directing jets of cleaning liquid under pressure against the porous surface 171 by using at least one high pressure injector 215 from either side of the brush, and removing the cleaning liquid with any dislo

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
EP00120005A 1999-09-14 2000-09-14 Electrode positive pour l'impression par coagulation Withdrawn EP1084827A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA 2282128 CA2282128C (fr) 1999-09-14 1999-09-14 Anode d'acier inoxydable pour impression par electrocoagulation
CA2282128 1999-09-14

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EP1084827A2 true EP1084827A2 (fr) 2001-03-21
EP1084827A3 EP1084827A3 (fr) 2001-03-28

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EP (1) EP1084827A3 (fr)
CA (1) CA2282128C (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110772718A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-02-11 哈尔滨海鸿基业科技发展有限公司 一种电晕式放电治疗仪

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB297045A (en) * 1927-06-09 1928-09-10 Electro Metallurg Co Wrought articles of iron-chromium-nickel alloy
CA2214300A1 (fr) * 1997-08-29 1999-02-28 Elcorsy Technology Inc. Methode et appareil d'impression polychrome par electrocoagulation

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB297045A (en) * 1927-06-09 1928-09-10 Electro Metallurg Co Wrought articles of iron-chromium-nickel alloy
CA2214300A1 (fr) * 1997-08-29 1999-02-28 Elcorsy Technology Inc. Methode et appareil d'impression polychrome par electrocoagulation

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110772718A (zh) * 2019-12-09 2020-02-11 哈尔滨海鸿基业科技发展有限公司 一种电晕式放电治疗仪

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CA2282128A1 (fr) 2001-03-14
CA2282128C (fr) 2004-03-02
EP1084827A3 (fr) 2001-03-28

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