EP1074969A2 - Ultrasonic transducer - Google Patents

Ultrasonic transducer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1074969A2
EP1074969A2 EP00115908A EP00115908A EP1074969A2 EP 1074969 A2 EP1074969 A2 EP 1074969A2 EP 00115908 A EP00115908 A EP 00115908A EP 00115908 A EP00115908 A EP 00115908A EP 1074969 A2 EP1074969 A2 EP 1074969A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
transmitter
receiver
test head
ultrasonic test
head according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00115908A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1074969A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Rathgeb
Georg Schirner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IntelligeNDT Systems and Services GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
IntelligeNDT Systems and Services GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, IntelligeNDT Systems and Services GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1074969A2 publication Critical patent/EP1074969A2/en
Publication of EP1074969A3 publication Critical patent/EP1074969A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/004—Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an ultrasonic test head with a Transmitter, a receiver and a coupling level.
  • Ultrasonic probes are used, for example, to test metal components used, which are connected to evaluation units are.
  • Such an ultrasonic test head has a transmitter, which radiates ultrasonic signals into a component. These signals are there, e.g. on cracks, reflected and get to a receiver that is also part of the ultrasonic probe is. From the insonification angle and the running time The signals can be the location of a crack or another Errors in the component can be determined.
  • the invention has for its object an ultrasonic test head to indicate that with only one sweep of the Surface of a component Defect, especially cracks, in the Component over the entire usual wall thickness of the component allowed to recognize.
  • the object is achieved in that the Transmitter, which is a group radiator, and the receiver through a damping layer spaced in a plane parallel to Coupling plane with each other an angle of maximum 5 ° form.
  • An angle between 1 ° and 5 ° is particularly suitable.
  • the angle of incidence can be varied with the group radiator become. Due to the angle, the transmitter and receiver can form together, then in connection with the group radiator a relatively large test depth can be achieved in the component. Errors, in particular cracks, can be examined in the Component can be recognized to a depth of approx. 50 mm.
  • the components that are being examined e.g. pipes in a nuclear power plant
  • the invention advantageously the entire wall with only one Inspection process to be examined.
  • the group radiator is, for example, a composite vibrator, who is known as such. With that the additional Advantage achieved that you can test with a relatively short Ultrasound pulse gets along and still a wide ultrasound spectrum covers.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio is at Use of such a vibrator advantageously larger than with a conventional ultrasonic transmitter. So you get special reliable results.
  • the transmitter is a transmitter for longitudinal waves. This achieves the advantage that especially in the upper ones Layers of the component facing the ultrasonic probe are particularly good test results can be achieved.
  • a transmitter can also be used that Transverse waves or both longitudinal waves as well Transversal waves sent.
  • the receiver is, for example, a piezo oscillator. He can but also a transducer made of composite material. Possibly there may be a group radiator receiver.
  • the combination of such a receiver with one of the for the ultrasonic test head according to the invention particularly suitable
  • the transmitter enables a particularly reliable test of a Component, the same location of the component only once needs to be examined. Nevertheless, the component is up tested to a depth of approx. 50 mm.
  • the damping layer between transmitter and receiver exists for example made of soundproof material. You get thereby particularly good test results, because the transmitter and recipients cannot interfere with each other.
  • a particularly suitable material for the damping layer is cork.
  • the transmitter and receiver are on separate coupling bodies arranged.
  • the coupling bodies are e.g. made of plexiglass. Due to the lack of acoustic separation layers the advantage is achieved between the coupling bodies that Interference with the test process can be largely avoided.
  • the ultrasound emitted by the transmitter can be the reflected Ultrasound, which the receiver picks up, does not to disturb.
  • the ultrasonic test head in particular the advantage achieved that a component with only a one-time Painting over each surface section up to a depth of approx. 50 mm quickly and reliably for errors, especially for cracks.
  • the ultrasonic test head according to the invention consists according to the figure 1 from a group radiator that works as transmitter 1, a piezo oscillator, which works as receiver 2, and off a damping layer 3, e.g. is made of cork, and is wedge-shaped.
  • the shape of the damping layer 3 is chosen so that the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 with each other form an angle ⁇ of maximum 5 °.
  • the angle ⁇ between transmitter 1 and receiver 2 is not zero.
  • An angle between 1 ° and 5 ° is advantageously chosen.
  • the group radiator usually consists of a large number of spotlights 1a.
  • FIG. 2 shows the same ultrasonic test head as in FIG. 1, however from the side and coupled to a component to be tested 4, for example a component in a nuclear power plant can be.
  • the transmitter 1 is through a damping layer 3 spaced from the receiver 2.
  • two separate coupling bodies 5, 6 are present, which together define a coupling level 7.
  • this coupling plane 7 corresponds to the flat surface of the testing component 4.
  • the coupling body 5 is only for the Transmitter 1 determines and stands beyond transmitter 1 and above the component 4 to be tested not with the coupling body 6 in connection, which is intended only for the receiver 2. It consequently, the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 cannot mutually be disturbed via the coupling body 5, 6.
  • the coupling body 5, 6 consist for example of plexiglass.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

The test head includes a transmitter which is an antenna array (1) and a receiver (2). The transmitter and receiver are separated from each other by an attenuating layer (3), and form an angle of no more than 5 degrees. The antenna array may be a composite resonator. The transmitter may be for longitudinal waves. The receiver may be a piezo oscillator, a composite material resonator or an antenna array receiver.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ultraschallprüfkopf mit einem Sender, einem Empfänger und einer Ankoppelebene.The invention relates to an ultrasonic test head with a Transmitter, a receiver and a coupling level.

Zur Prüfung von Bauteilen aus Metall werden z.B Ultraschallprüfköpfe eingesetzt, die mit Auswerteeinheiten verbunden sind. Ein solcher Ultraschallprüfkopf weist einen Sender auf, der Ultraschallsignale in ein Bauteil einstrahlt. Diese Signale werden dort, z.B. an Rissen, reflektiert und gelangen zu einem Empfänger, der ebenfalls Bestandteil des Ultraschallprüfkopfes ist. Aus dem Einschallwinkel und der Laufzeit der Signale können der Ort eines Risses oder eines anderen Fehlers im Bauteil ermittelt werden.Ultrasonic probes are used, for example, to test metal components used, which are connected to evaluation units are. Such an ultrasonic test head has a transmitter, which radiates ultrasonic signals into a component. These signals are there, e.g. on cracks, reflected and get to a receiver that is also part of the ultrasonic probe is. From the insonification angle and the running time The signals can be the location of a crack or another Errors in the component can be determined.

Um eine umfassende Überprüfung eines Bauteiles, das beispielsweise Bestandteil eines Kernkraftwerkes sein kann, zu erzielen, mussten bisher für unterschiedliche Fehlerarten verschiedenartige Ultraschallprüfköpfe nacheinander eingesetzt werden. Trotzdem konnte aber ein Fehler in der Nähe der Oberfläche des Bauteiles bisher nicht zufriedenstellend erkannt werden. Eine gute Überprüfung des Bauteiles über die gesamte Dicke war ebenfalls nur eingeschränkt möglich. Sowohl das Auswechseln der Prüfköpfe als auch das mehrmalige Überstreichen der gleichen Stelle an einem Bauteil benötigte sehr viel Zeit für die Prüfung.For a comprehensive inspection of a component, for example Can be part of a nuclear power plant previously had to achieve for different types of errors Different types of ultrasonic probes are used one after the other become. Nevertheless, a mistake near the The surface of the component has so far not been satisfactorily recognized become. A good check of the component over the entire thickness was also only possible to a limited extent. Either the replacement of the test heads as well as repeated painting the same place on a component needed a lot plenty of time for the exam.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Ultraschallprüfkopf anzugeben, der mit nur einmaligem Überstreichen der Oberfläche eines Bauteiles Fehler, insbesondere Risse, im Bauteil über die gesamte übliche Wanddicke des Bauteiles zu erkennen gestattet. The invention has for its object an ultrasonic test head to indicate that with only one sweep of the Surface of a component Defect, especially cracks, in the Component over the entire usual wall thickness of the component allowed to recognize.

Die Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass der Sender, der ein Gruppenstrahler ist, und der Empfänger durch eine Dämpfungsschicht beabstandet in einer Ebene parallel zur Ankoppelebene miteinander einen Winkel von maximal ca. 5° bilden.The object is achieved in that the Transmitter, which is a group radiator, and the receiver through a damping layer spaced in a plane parallel to Coupling plane with each other an angle of maximum 5 ° form.

Besonders geeignet ist ein Winkel zwischen 1° und 5°.An angle between 1 ° and 5 ° is particularly suitable.

Mit dem Gruppenstrahler kann der Einschallwinkel variiert werden. Bedingt durch den Winkel, den Sender und Empfänger miteinander bilden, kann dann in Verbindung mit dem Gruppenstrahler eine relativ große Prüftiefe im Bauteil erzielt werden. Es können Fehler, insbesondere Risse, im untersuchten Bauteil bis zu einer Tiefe von ca. 50 mm erkannt werden.The angle of incidence can be varied with the group radiator become. Due to the angle, the transmitter and receiver can form together, then in connection with the group radiator a relatively large test depth can be achieved in the component. Errors, in particular cracks, can be examined in the Component can be recognized to a depth of approx. 50 mm.

Da die Bauteile, die untersucht werden, z.B Rohrleitungen in einem Kernkraftwerk, in der Regel Wände haben, die nicht dicker als 50 mm sind, kann mit dem Ultraschallprüfkopf nach der Erfindung vorteilhafterweise die gesamte Wand mit nur einem Prüfvorgang untersucht werden.Since the components that are being examined, e.g. pipes in a nuclear power plant, usually have walls that are not thicker than 50 mm can be checked with the ultrasonic probe the invention advantageously the entire wall with only one Inspection process to be examined.

Der Gruppenstrahler ist beispielsweise ein Compositeschwinger, der als solcher bekannt ist. Damit wird der zusätzliche Vorteil erzielt, dass man zur Prüfung mit einem relativ kurzen Ultraschallimpuls auskommt und trotzdem ein breites Ultraschallspektrum abdeckt. Der Signal-Rausch-Abstand ist bei Verwendung eines solchen Schwingers vorteilhafterweise größer als bei einem üblichen Ultraschallsender. Man erhält also besonders zuverlässige Ergebnisse.The group radiator is, for example, a composite vibrator, who is known as such. With that the additional Advantage achieved that you can test with a relatively short Ultrasound pulse gets along and still a wide ultrasound spectrum covers. The signal-to-noise ratio is at Use of such a vibrator advantageously larger than with a conventional ultrasonic transmitter. So you get special reliable results.

Beispielsweise ist der Sender ein Sender für Longitudinalwellen. Damit wird der Vorteil erzielt, dass gerade in den oberen Schichten des Bauteiles, die dem Ultraschallprüfkopf zugewandt sind, besonders gute Prüfergebnisse erzielt werden. For example, the transmitter is a transmitter for longitudinal waves. This achieves the advantage that especially in the upper ones Layers of the component facing the ultrasonic probe are particularly good test results can be achieved.

Es kann jedoch auch ein Sender eingesetzt werden, der Transversalwellen oder sowohl Longitudinalwellen als auch Transversalwellen absendet.However, a transmitter can also be used that Transverse waves or both longitudinal waves as well Transversal waves sent.

Der Empfänger ist beispielsweise ein Piezoschwinger. Er kann aber auch ein Schwinger aus Compositematerial sein. Gegebenenfalls kann ein Gruppenstrahlerempfänger vorhanden sein. Die Kombination eines solchen Empfängers mit einem der für den Ultraschallprüfkopf nach der Erfindung besonders geeigneten Sender ermöglicht eine besonders zuverlässige Prüfung eines Bauteiles, wobei dieselbe Stelle des Bauteiles nur einmal untersucht zu werden braucht. Trotzdem wird das Bauteil bis zu einer Tiefe von ca. 50 mm geprüft.The receiver is, for example, a piezo oscillator. He can but also a transducer made of composite material. Possibly there may be a group radiator receiver. The combination of such a receiver with one of the for the ultrasonic test head according to the invention particularly suitable The transmitter enables a particularly reliable test of a Component, the same location of the component only once needs to be examined. Nevertheless, the component is up tested to a depth of approx. 50 mm.

Die Dämpfungsschicht zwischen Sender und Empfänger besteht beispielsweise aus schallundurchlässigem Material. Man erzielt dadurch besonders gute Prüfergebnisse, da sich Sender und Empfänger nicht gegenseitig stören können.The damping layer between transmitter and receiver exists for example made of soundproof material. You get thereby particularly good test results, because the transmitter and recipients cannot interfere with each other.

Ein besonders geeignetes Material für die Dämpfungsschicht ist Kork.A particularly suitable material for the damping layer is cork.

Beispielsweise sind Sender und Empfänger auf getrennten Ankoppelkörpern angeordnet. Die Ankoppelkörper bestehen z.B. aus Plexiglas. Durch das Fehlen akustischer Trennschichten zwischen den Ankoppelkörpern wird der Vorteil erzielt, dass Störeinflüsse auf den Prüfvorgang weitgehend vermieden werden. Der Ultraschall, der vom Sender ausgeht, kann den reflektierten Ultraschall, den der Empfänger aufnimmt, nicht stören.For example, the transmitter and receiver are on separate coupling bodies arranged. The coupling bodies are e.g. made of plexiglass. Due to the lack of acoustic separation layers the advantage is achieved between the coupling bodies that Interference with the test process can be largely avoided. The ultrasound emitted by the transmitter can be the reflected Ultrasound, which the receiver picks up, does not to disturb.

Mit dem Ultraschallprüfkopf nach der Erfindung wird insbesondere der Vorteil erzielt, dass ein Bauteil mit nur einem einmaligen Überstreichen jedes Oberflächenabschnittes bis in eine Tiefe von ca. 50 mm schnell und zuverlässig auf Fehler, insbesondere auf Risse, geprüft werden kann. With the ultrasonic test head according to the invention, in particular the advantage achieved that a component with only a one-time Painting over each surface section up to a depth of approx. 50 mm quickly and reliably for errors, especially for cracks.

Der Ultraschallprüfkopf nach der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert:

  • FIG 1 zeigt den Ultraschallprüfkopf nach der Erfindung in Draufsicht.
  • FIG 2 zeigt den gleichen Ultraschallprüfkopf von der Seite her.
    • The ultrasonic test head according to the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing:
  • 1 shows the ultrasonic test head according to the invention in plan view.
  • 2 shows the same ultrasonic probe from the side.

    • Der Ultraschallprüfkopf nach der Erfindung besteht gemäß Figur 1 aus einem Gruppenstrahler, der als Sender 1 arbeitet, einem Piezoschwinger, der als Empfänger 2 arbeitet, und aus einer Dämpfungsschicht 3, die z.B. aus Kork besteht, und keilförmig ausgebildet ist. Die Form der Dämpfungsschicht 3 ist so gewählt, dass der Sender 1 und der Empfänger 2 miteinander einen Winkel α von maximal 5° bilden. Der Winkel α zwischen dem Sender 1 und dem Empfänger 2 ist nicht Null. Vorteilhafterweise ist ein Winkel zwischen 1° und 5° gewählt.The ultrasonic test head according to the invention consists according to the figure 1 from a group radiator that works as transmitter 1, a piezo oscillator, which works as receiver 2, and off a damping layer 3, e.g. is made of cork, and is wedge-shaped. The shape of the damping layer 3 is chosen so that the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 with each other form an angle α of maximum 5 °. The angle α between transmitter 1 and receiver 2 is not zero. An angle between 1 ° and 5 ° is advantageously chosen.

    Der Gruppenstrahler besteht in üblicher Weise aus einer Vielzahl von Strahlern 1a. Durch die Kombination des Gruppenstrahlers 1 mit dem Empfänger 2 und dadurch, dass Sender 1 und Empfänger 2 durch die keilförmige Dämpfungsschicht 3 aus Kork beabstandet sind, wird eine zuverlässige Überprüfung eines Bauteils bis in eine Tiefe von ca. 50 mm ermöglicht.The group radiator usually consists of a large number of spotlights 1a. By combining the group spotlight 1 with the receiver 2 and that transmitter 1 and receiver 2 through the wedge-shaped damping layer 3 Corks are spaced apart, a reliable check of one Component to a depth of approx. 50 mm.

    Figur 2 zeigt den gleichen Ultraschallprüfkopf wie Figur 1, jedoch von der Seite und angekoppelt an eine zu prüfende Komponente 4, die beispielsweise ein Bauteil in einem Kernkraftwerk sein kann. Der Sender 1 ist durch eine Dämpfungsschicht 3 vom Empfänger 2 beabstandet. Zur Ankopplung des Senders 1 und des Empfängers 2 an die zu prüfende Komponente 4 sind zwei getrennte Ankoppelkörper 5, 6 vorhanden, die zusammen eine Ankoppelebene 7 definieren. Im angekoppelten Zustand entspricht diese Ankoppelebene 7 der ebenen Oberfläche der zu prüfenden Komponente 4. Der Ankoppelkörper 5 ist nur für den Sender 1 bestimmt und steht außer über den Sender 1 und über die zu prüfende Komponente 4 nicht mit dem Ankoppelkörper 6 in Verbindung, der nur für den Empfänger 2 bestimmt ist. Es können folglich der Sender 1 und der Empfänger 2 nicht gegenseitig über die Ankoppelkörper 5, 6 gestört werden. Die Ankoppelkörper 5, 6 bestehen beispielsweise aus Plexiglas.FIG. 2 shows the same ultrasonic test head as in FIG. 1, however from the side and coupled to a component to be tested 4, for example a component in a nuclear power plant can be. The transmitter 1 is through a damping layer 3 spaced from the receiver 2. For coupling the transmitter 1 and of the receiver 2 to the component 4 to be tested two separate coupling bodies 5, 6 are present, which together define a coupling level 7. When connected this coupling plane 7 corresponds to the flat surface of the testing component 4. The coupling body 5 is only for the Transmitter 1 determines and stands beyond transmitter 1 and above the component 4 to be tested not with the coupling body 6 in connection, which is intended only for the receiver 2. It consequently, the transmitter 1 and the receiver 2 cannot mutually be disturbed via the coupling body 5, 6. The coupling body 5, 6 consist for example of plexiglass.

    Claims (7)

    Ultraschallprüfkopf mit einem Sender (1), einem Empfänger (2) und einer Ankoppelebene,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sender (1), der ein Gruppenstrahler ist, und der Empfänger (2) durch eine Dämpfungsschicht (3) beabstandet in einer Ebene parallel zur Ankoppelebene miteinander einen Winkel von maximal ca. 5° bilden.    Ultrasonic test head with a transmitter (1), a receiver (2) and a coupling level,
    characterized in that the transmitter (1), which is a group radiator, and the receiver (2) spaced apart by a damping layer (3) in a plane parallel to the coupling plane form an angle of at most approximately 5 ° with one another.         Ultraschallprüfkopf nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Gruppenstrahler ein Compositeschwinger ist.    Ultrasonic test head according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the group radiator is a composite oscillator.         Ultraschallprüfkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sender (1) ein Sender für Longitudinalwellen ist.Ultrasonic test head according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the transmitter (1) is a transmitter for longitudinal waves. Ultraschallprüfkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Empfänger (2) ein Piezoschwinger, ein Compositematerialschwinger oder ein Gruppenstrahlerempfänger ist.Ultrasonic test head according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the receiver (2) is a piezo oscillator, a composite material oscillator or a group radiator receiver. Ultraschallprüfkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dämpfungsschicht (3) aus schallundurchlässigem Material besteht.Ultrasonic test head according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the damping layer (3) consists of soundproof material. Ultraschallprüfkopf nach Anspruch 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das schallundurchlässige Material Kork ist.    Ultrasonic test head according to claim 5,
    characterized in that the soundproof material is cork.         Ultraschallprüfkopf nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sender (1) und der Empfänger (2) auf getrennten Ankoppelkörpern (5, 6) angeordnet sind.Ultrasonic test head according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the transmitter (1) and the receiver (2) are arranged on separate coupling bodies (5, 6).
    EP00115908A 1999-08-04 2000-07-25 Ultrasonic transducer Withdrawn EP1074969A3 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE19936678 1999-08-04
    DE19936678 1999-08-04

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1074969A2 true EP1074969A2 (en) 2001-02-07
    EP1074969A3 EP1074969A3 (en) 2004-03-03

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP00115908A Withdrawn EP1074969A3 (en) 1999-08-04 2000-07-25 Ultrasonic transducer

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    Cited By (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US11193522B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2021-12-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Shear bolt

    Citations (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3546924A (en) * 1966-12-13 1970-12-15 Concast Ag Device for locating boundaries of non-homogeneous bodies
    WO1994010681A1 (en) * 1992-11-03 1994-05-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic probe and method of operating it

    Patent Citations (2)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US3546924A (en) * 1966-12-13 1970-12-15 Concast Ag Device for locating boundaries of non-homogeneous bodies
    WO1994010681A1 (en) * 1992-11-03 1994-05-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Ultrasonic probe and method of operating it

    Cited By (1)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    US11193522B2 (en) 2016-11-30 2021-12-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Shear bolt

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    Publication number Publication date
    EP1074969A3 (en) 2004-03-03

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