EP1073066A1 - Cable multi-conducteurs et procédé de fabrication d'un tel cable - Google Patents
Cable multi-conducteurs et procédé de fabrication d'un tel cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1073066A1 EP1073066A1 EP00402095A EP00402095A EP1073066A1 EP 1073066 A1 EP1073066 A1 EP 1073066A1 EP 00402095 A EP00402095 A EP 00402095A EP 00402095 A EP00402095 A EP 00402095A EP 1073066 A1 EP1073066 A1 EP 1073066A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheath
- polymer
- silane
- conductors
- insulation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000181 Ethylene propylene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 methoxy, ethoxy Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002943 EPDM rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006245 ethylene-butyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920006244 ethylene-ethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004708 Very-low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001866 very low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000746 allylic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006124 polyolefin elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011243 crosslinked material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGTUJZTUQFXBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dimethyl-3-phenylbutan-2-yl)benzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 HGTUJZTUQFXBIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010001488 Aggression Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [dibutyl(dodecanoyloxy)stannyl] dodecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC UKLDJPRMSDWDSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- GYLXWHLPLTVIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(2,2,2-trimethoxyethoxy)silane Chemical compound COC(OC)(OC)CO[SiH2]C=C GYLXWHLPLTVIOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006247 high-performance elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electricity distribution cables comprising several conductors each provided with insulation and grouped together in an external protective sheath.
- cables For many applications of such cables must have both properties which for some are little reconcilable, such as high resistance to mechanical stress in traction, compression and / or folding, high abrasion resistance and flexibility allowing easy handling. Special applications further require other qualities such as resistance to fire and chemical attack.
- an external sheath made of an inexpensive thermoplastic material such as than polyvinyl chloride or PVC.
- the properties of this material are insufficient for high loads.
- elastomers such as nitrile rubber, neoprene and chlorinated polyethylene. They must be crosslinked by passing through a tube where prevail the high temperature and pressure necessary to crosslink the sheath. But the manufacturing is then complex and it is necessary, in this case, to use insulations also exhibiting high degrees of crosslinking.
- the manufacturing process includes the formation of insulation of conductors by crosslinking of elastomers such as (co) polymers of olefin type (EPR, EPDM, polychloroprene for example) in a continuous vulcanization tube in steam under high pressure and at high temperature, then the formation of a twisted assembly and finally the coating by an external sheath formed by extrusion and crosslinking in a vulcanizing tube.
- elastomers such as (co) polymers of olefin type (EPR, EPDM, polychloroprene for example
- thermoplastic methods by silane grafting on an olefin type (co) polymer then crosslinking in the presence of moisture.
- these methods only allow a limited degree of crosslinking to be achieved. Yes consequently an attempt is made to insulate the conductors by this process before coating them with an outer sheath crosslinked by vulcanization at temperature water vapor pressure at this temperature (usually a twenty bars) deforms the insulators by pressing against each other and off-center conductors, resulting in deterioration of insulation.
- the present invention aims in particular to provide a cable of the above type defined meeting better than those previously known the requirements of the practical, in particular in that it makes it possible to reconcile a manufacturing method economical insulation, with a sheath having high resistance to external aggressions and flexibility facilitating the use of the cable.
- the invention proposes a multi-conductor cable according to the claim 1.
- strongly crosslinked should be understood to mean a degree of crosslinking comparable to that obtained by vulcanization in steam atmosphere at high pressure and temperature.
- the internal sheath allows initially to maintain the conductors twisted alternately (called SZ), since it is arranged as soon assembly. Then it participates in the resistance to the tensile force that one must subject the assembly to keep it taut in the tube crosslinking. It tends to standardize the pressure exerted by the vapor pressure on insulations and avoids off-center conductors. It reduces the thickness of the outer sheath and consequently increase the speed of scrolling in the crosslinking tube.
- the constitution described above can be used for both cables with low voltage (up to 1kV) than for medium voltage cables and cables high voltage, with just different thicknesses.
- a multi-conductor cable is provided according to claim 2 and a manufacturing method according to claim 3.
- the crosslinking of the outer sheath is advantageously carried out in a continuous vulcanization tube.
- the internal sheath is advantageously in thermoplastic material; better, it is also made of olefin (co) polymer modified by silane grafting or in the same material as the outer sheath.
- Isolation of crosslinked polymer by silane grafting can be carried out by various process; it can in particular be carried out in one or two phases.
- the starting material is a polymer or a mixture of olefin type polymers as defined above.
- a silane on the polymer or polymers are grafted, via a peroxide, a silane in presence of a catalyst.
- This catalyst can be one of those commonly used, and in particular tin dibutyl dilaurate.
- Peroxide can be one of those commonly used.
- the grafting operation can then be carried out in a square head, which is supplied with polymer granules and in which injects the required low content of peroxide, silane and catalyst.
- the extruder forms the polymer on the conductor at a temperature which can be about 200 ° C to allow grafting of the silane onto the polymer.
- the product leaving the extruder has insulation which then crosslinks presence of moisture.
- the total or partial grafting of the polymer is carried out in a continuous or discontinuous reactor, which is fed with granules of polymer, silane and peroxide.
- the grafted polymer is then loaded into an extruder and the catalyst, for example in the form of a masterbatch.
- the insulation is shaped by extrusion.
- additives can be added, which depend on the envisaged conditions of employment.
- These additives can in particular be mineral fillers, such as chalk or silica. They can be anti-oxidation agents, improvement in resistance to ultraviolet light, coloring.
- the next operation consists in stranding the conductors coated with their insulation to constitute an assembly. It is advantageous to implement a process that we call SZ, because it combines a helical winding in a first direction to a winding in the opposite direction, allowing a rapid assembly of the assembly. Such a process is described in the patent French 2,532,464 to which reference may be made. If such an assembly is used, it is immediately followed by the production of an internal sheath which blocks assembly. This internal sheath is made of flexible synthetic material, generally thermoplastic and its thickness is sufficient for its outer surface is substantially cylindrical despite the irregular section of the assembly. Finally the external sheath is formed. She can be a lot thinner than a single sheath, allowing much faster passage in a vulcanizing tube and therefore faster manufacturing.
- Example 1 conventional manufacturing
- the conductors are insulated by extrusion of EPR-based material containing a dicumyl type peroxide and continuous vulcanization in a tube supplied with superheated steam at 210 ° C at 20 Mpa, at 275 m / min.
- the insulated conductors are assembled in assemblies of three on a lyre assembler, at around 50 m / min.
- the assembly is sheathed by NBR / PVC extrusion (nitrile rubber) with peroxide accelerator and crosslinking in the same conditions as insulation, but at a speed of 75 m / min.
- the process is the same as for Example 1, except for the insulation construction.
- the insulations are deformed to the point that the conductors are off-center and the cable cannot be used commercially.
- Example 1 silane cross-linked insulation cable with internal sheath
- the cable properties obtained are equivalent to those of the example witness 1 and the insulations are not distorted.
- Example 2 cable with silane crosslinking insulation, with internal sheath
- This example differs from the previous one in that the insulation is in two polyolefin layers, at least one of which is crosslinked by silane, at a speed of 90om / min.
- the SZ type assembly is followed, on the same line, by the place of the first sheath, at a speed of 150 m / min.
- the final coating is classic, but with a reduced thickness, at 105 m / min. Again the insulations are not distorted.
- the invention makes it possible to considerably reduce manufacturing time, with no adverse effect on the final characteristics.
- the passage speeds in the extrusion and crosslinking apparatuses are typically in the following ranges:
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- les polyéthylènes, en abrégé PE,
- les EPR (caoutchouc d'éthylène-propylène),
- les EPDM (éthylène-propylène diène monomère)
- les EVA (éthylène-vinyl-acétates),
- les EBA (éthylène-butyl-acrylates),
- les EEA (éthylène-éthyl-acrylates),
- les VLDPE (ou élastomères polyoléfine),
- et leurs mélanges.
- R1 désigne un radical ayant au moins une double liaison, par exemple de type vinylique, allylique, isopropylique ou acrylique,
- R2 désigne un groupe hydrolysable, par exemple méthoxy, ethoxy ou methoxy-ethoxy .
Parmi les silanes utilisables, on peut notamment citer les suivants :
- vinyltrimethoxy silane,
- vinyltriethoxy silane,
- vinyl tris(2 methoxy) silane,
- gammamethacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, et
- leurs mélanges.
| Procédé classique | Invention | |
| Isolation | 200-400 m/min | 600-1100 m/min |
| Assemblage | 40-100 m/min (toronnage classique) | 150-500 m/min (toronnage SZ) |
| Gainage externe | 60-100 m/mn | 75-120 m/min |
Claims (9)
- Câble électrique multi-conducteurs ayant :caractérisé en ce que chaque isolation est en polymère de type (co)polymère d'oléfine réticulé par greffage de silane, en ce que les conducteurs, torsadés sous forme d'un assemblage, sont noyés dans une gaine interne en matériau synthétique souple contenue dans une gaine externe est en élastomère fortement réticulé pour constituer la gaine de protection.un faisceau de plusieurs conducteurs munis chacun d'une isolation individuelle,etune gaine de protection bloquant les conducteurs,
- Câble multi-conducteurs ayant :un faisceau de plusieurs conducteurs munis chacun d'une isolation individuelle en polymère réticulé, torsadés de façon alternée en SZ sous forme d'un assemblage,une gaine interne en matériau synthétique souple enrobant le faisceau,et une gaine externe de protection en élastomère fortement réticulé.
- Procédé de fabrication de câble électrique multi-conducteurs, suivant lequel :on munit des conducteurs d'une isolation individuelle, en polymère réticulé de type (co)polymère d'oléfine modifié par greffage de silane,on constitue un assemblage de plusieurs conducteurs isolés, torsadés de façon alternée,on noie l'assemblage de conducteurs isolés dans une gaine interne en matériau synthétique souple, eton recouvre la gaine interne d'une gaine externe de protection en élastomère fortement réticulé.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'on effectue la réticulation de la gaine externe dans un tube de vulcanisation continu.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la gaine interne est en matériau thermoplastique ou en (co)polymère d'oléfine réticulé par greffage de silane.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le silane répond à la formule R1 - Si - (R2)3 où :R1 désigne un radical ayant au moins une double liaison, par exemple de type vinylique, allylique, isopropylique ou acrylique,R2 désigne un groupe hydrolysable, par exemple méthoxy, ethoxy ou methoxy-ethoxy .
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le (co)polymère est choisi dans le groupe constitué par :les polyéthylènes,les EPR (caoutchouc d'éthylène-propylène),les EPDM (éthylène-propylène diène monomère)les EVA (éthylène-vinyl-acétates),les EBA (éthylène-butyl-acrylates),les EEA (éthylène-éthyl-acrylates),les VLDPE (ou élastomères polyoléfine)
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la gaine externe est constituée par réticulation au peroxyde.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la gaine interne est constituée en matériau thermoplastique ou à réticulation par silane.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9909680 | 1999-07-26 | ||
| FR9909680A FR2797087B1 (fr) | 1999-07-26 | 1999-07-26 | Cable multi-conducteurs et procede de fabrication d'un tel cable |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1073066A1 true EP1073066A1 (fr) | 2001-01-31 |
| EP1073066B1 EP1073066B1 (fr) | 2004-04-28 |
Family
ID=9548518
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20000402095 Expired - Lifetime EP1073066B1 (fr) | 1999-07-26 | 2000-07-21 | Cable multi-conducteurs et procédé de fabrication d'un tel cable |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1073066B1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60010184T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2219279T3 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2797087B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2408905R1 (es) * | 2011-11-04 | 2013-08-27 | Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana | Elemento de calentamiento por inducción con una línea de calentamiento y aparato doméstico con dicho elemento de calentamiento |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4549041A (en) * | 1983-11-07 | 1985-10-22 | Fujikura Ltd. | Flame-retardant cross-linked composition and flame-retardant cable using same |
| EP0440118A2 (fr) * | 1990-01-31 | 1991-08-07 | Fujikura Ltd. | Fil électrique isolé et câble l'utilisant |
| EP0731474A1 (fr) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-09-11 | E. Kertscher S.A. | Dispositif de câblage pour machine de câblage alterné ou de type SZ |
| WO1998002889A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-22 | Ab Electrolux | Cable electrique |
| EP0824257A1 (fr) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-18 | Alcatel Cable France | Structure de câble de transmission de données |
-
1999
- 1999-07-26 FR FR9909680A patent/FR2797087B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-07-21 ES ES00402095T patent/ES2219279T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-07-21 DE DE2000610184 patent/DE60010184T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-21 EP EP20000402095 patent/EP1073066B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4549041A (en) * | 1983-11-07 | 1985-10-22 | Fujikura Ltd. | Flame-retardant cross-linked composition and flame-retardant cable using same |
| EP0440118A2 (fr) * | 1990-01-31 | 1991-08-07 | Fujikura Ltd. | Fil électrique isolé et câble l'utilisant |
| EP0731474A1 (fr) * | 1995-03-07 | 1996-09-11 | E. Kertscher S.A. | Dispositif de câblage pour machine de câblage alterné ou de type SZ |
| WO1998002889A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-22 | Ab Electrolux | Cable electrique |
| EP0824257A1 (fr) * | 1996-08-12 | 1998-02-18 | Alcatel Cable France | Structure de câble de transmission de données |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1073066B1 (fr) | 2004-04-28 |
| FR2797087A1 (fr) | 2001-02-02 |
| FR2797087B1 (fr) | 2003-04-25 |
| DE60010184D1 (de) | 2004-06-03 |
| DE60010184T2 (de) | 2005-04-21 |
| ES2219279T3 (es) | 2004-12-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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