EP1070231A1 - Gas meter incorporating calorific measurement - Google Patents
Gas meter incorporating calorific measurementInfo
- Publication number
- EP1070231A1 EP1070231A1 EP99913009A EP99913009A EP1070231A1 EP 1070231 A1 EP1070231 A1 EP 1070231A1 EP 99913009 A EP99913009 A EP 99913009A EP 99913009 A EP99913009 A EP 99913009A EP 1070231 A1 EP1070231 A1 EP 1070231A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- calorific value
- gas meter
- catalyst member
- meter according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 60
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Sn]=O QHGNHLZPVBIIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 platinum Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005118 spray pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/22—Fuels; Explosives
- G01N33/225—Gaseous fuels, e.g. natural gas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature
- G01N27/16—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance of an electrically-heated body in dependence upon change of temperature caused by burning or catalytic oxidation of surrounding material to be tested, e.g. of gas
Definitions
- Conventional gas meters measure consumption based on gas volume flow through the meter.
- the meter reading is recorded on the consumer's account and multiplied by a conversion factor which is calculated to reflect the typical or average calorific value of the gas being supplied. This converts the volume measurement into an energy figure, which is the true commodity which the consumer is purchasing.
- Natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and other energy gases are typically mixtures of hydrocarbons, having significant variations in calorific value depending on temperature, pressure, source, the ratios of the particular hydrocarbons and the presence of water and other non-combustible components.
- the present invention aims to provide an alternative arrangement, and is characterised by the incorporation of means for measuring the calorific value of the gas passing through the meter.
- the invention provides a gas meter for a combustible gas having metering means for measuring gas flow and generating an output, means for determining calorific value of the gas including sampling means for taking a sample of the gas, an air intake, means for contacting the gas sample with air, at least one catalyst member including a catalyst material causing oxidation of at least a part of the gas sample, said oxidation causing a change in one or more properties of said catalyst member dependent on the calorific value of the gas, and means for generating an output representative of said calorific value, said
- 1 gas meter further including means for receiving outputs from the metering means and calorific value determining means and calculating energy usage.
- a second form of the invention provides a calorific value determining means for connection to a gas meter for combustible gas, including sampling means for taking a sample of the gas, an air intake, means for contacting the gas sample with air, at least one catalyst member including a catalyst material causing oxidation of at least a part of the gas sample, said oxidation causing a change in one or more properties of said catalyst member dependent on the calorific value of the gas, and means for generating an output representative of said calorific value, said calorific value determining means further including means for receiving an output from the gas meter and calculating energy usage.
- the calorific value determining means includes a reaction chamber to which the gas sample and air are introduced and are contacted with the catalyst member.
- the sampling means preferably includes means for periodically or constantly withdrawing a gas sample from gas passing through the meter.
- the catalyst material serves to catalyse oxidation of the combustible gas in the reaction chamber.
- Preferred catalyst materials include noble metals such as platinum, optionally doped with other materials, and preferably formed by thin or thick film deposition with a thickness of from 5000A to lO ⁇ m. Properties of the catalyst member which vary responsive to calorific value and are detected preferably include temperature and/or electrical resistance.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic of a preferred gas meter arrangement
- Fig. 2 shows the reaction chamber
- Fig. 3 is a schematic showing a preferred calorific value sensing circuit. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- Fig. 1 shows a gas meter/regulator unit 10 having a gas inlet 12 for connection to a high, variable pressure gas supply, typically at 40-600 kPa, and an outlet 13 for connection to the gas plumbing of the premises for which the meter/regulator unit is installed.
- a gas inlet 12 for connection to a high, variable pressure gas supply, typically at 40-600 kPa, and an outlet 13 for connection to the gas plumbing of the premises for which the meter/regulator unit is installed.
- the gas flow path is divided into a high, variable pressure region between the inlet 10 and a regulator 14, and a low pressure region downstream of the regulator.
- the regulator acts to reduce the high gas supply pressure to a lower, substantially constant pressure at which the gas is supplied to the premises, typically in the range of 0.5-3.5 kPa.
- the regulator 14 may be mechanically operated, such as a conventional spring-biased valve, but preferably is electronically controlled by the processor/controller 16.
- an electronic metering apparatus 18 Located upstream of the regulator 14 in the high pressure region of the gas path is an electronic metering apparatus 18, such as the type consisting of acoustic transducers situated at upstream and downstream ends of a gas flow measurement tube.
- the transducers are controlled by the processor 16 to transmit and receive acoustic (e.g. ultrasonic) signals through the tube to determine the gas flow velocity through the tube and send outputs to the processor 16.
- the gas flow velocity is calculated from variations in the time taken for the signal to pass along the tube.
- Pressure sensors may measure the gas pressure in the high pressure region and generate an output to the processor 16.
- the pressure sensors may be situated either side of the metering means if it is anticipated that there will be significant pressure drop across the metering means.
- the unit 10 further includes a gas calorific value detector 24, which periodically (for example hourly) or continuously withdraws a sample of the gas from the gas flow path to determine
- the gas is withdrawn downstream of the regulator so that the gas pressure is substantially constant. Details of the calorific value measurement will be described below.
- the calorific value detector generates an output signal to the processor 16.
- the processor 16 receives the outputs from the calorific value detector, the metering apparatus 18 and, optionally, from other sensors such as a gas temperature sensor (not shown) and from this information calculates the total energy value of the gas passing through the unit and into the premises. A cumulative energy reading is communicated to a display 20 on the unit.
- the processor 16 may also be provided with an external communications link 22 allowing remote reading and control of the meter/regulator unit. For example, if an electronically controlled regulator is used, the unit may have facility for the gas supply authority to send a signal causing the processor 16 to close the regulator valve 14, shutting off the gas supply to the premises.
- the calorific value detector 24 includes a gas sampling passage 26 communicating with the gas flow path through the meter and leading to a reaction chamber 28 having an air intake 30 and a gas outlet baffle 32 vented to atmosphere. If required the gas outlet 32 may be vented so as to return the gas in the reaction chamber 28 to the gas flow path.
- a substrate 34 bearing catalyst material which oxidises the sampled gas, producing a change in properties which can be measured and correlated to the gas calorific value by the processor. Details of a preferred measuring arrangement are discussed below with reference to Fig. 3.
- Suitable catalyst materials include stannous oxide and noble metals such as platinum, optionally containing dopants such as palladium, which oxidise the gas and produce a measurable change in electrical resistance and or temperature of the catalyst member which varies dependent on the heat energy released by that oxidation reaction.
- the catalyst member may be a ceramic (e.g. alumina) bead to which is applied a thin, high electrical resistance film of catalyst material about 5000-
- a thick film may be applied to the bead by dip coating. If a flat substrate is to be used a resistance film of about 5 to lO ⁇ m can be applied in paste form by screen printing and baking at 625°C on a flat substrate.
- a modified wheatstone bridge circuit comprises a catalyst thin film resistor 36, a non-catalyst resistor 37, and a pair of known- value discrete resistors 38.
- a voltage is applied to opposite ends of the bridge circuit and the voltage across the bridge is measured.
- the wheatstone bridge circuit is preferably powered only when the gas/air mixture is present in the reaction chamber. Only the catalyst resistor 36 need be within the reaction chamber 28. However, the reference resistor 37 is preferably also disposed in the reaction chamber 28 in order to maintain the operating environments of the resistors 36 and 37 as close as possible.
- the wheatstone bridge circuit With the resistors 36 and 37 at operating temperature (approximately 400°C) and no oxidation occurring at the catalyst resistor 36, the wheatstone bridge circuit is balanced with zero voltage across the bridge.
- an oxidation reaction occurs. This reaction raises the surface temperature of the catalyst resistor 36 to about 500° depending on the calorific value of the gas.
- the change in temperature of the resistor creates a corresponding change in the resistance value which results in a measurable change in voltage across the wheatstone bridge.
- the measured voltage is communicated to the processor 16 which calibrates the voltage with known gas calorific value measurements.
- the thin film resistor in the modified wheatstone bridge of Fig. 3 may be substituted by thick film spirals, about 10 microns thick, of platinum (i.e. the catalyst resistors) and ruthenium oxide (i.e. non-catalyst).
- platinum i.e. the catalyst resistors
- ruthenium oxide i.e. non-catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AUPP293098 | 1998-04-09 | ||
AUPP2930A AUPP293098A0 (en) | 1998-04-09 | 1998-04-09 | Gas meter incorporating calorific measurement |
PCT/AU1999/000259 WO1999053273A1 (en) | 1998-04-09 | 1999-04-08 | Gas meter incorporating calorific measurement |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1070231A1 true EP1070231A1 (en) | 2001-01-24 |
EP1070231A4 EP1070231A4 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
Family
ID=3807190
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99913009A Withdrawn EP1070231A4 (en) | 1998-04-09 | 1999-04-08 | Gas meter incorporating calorific measurement |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1070231A4 (en) |
AU (1) | AUPP293098A0 (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ507220A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999053273A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU2001100612A4 (en) * | 2001-12-03 | 2002-01-10 | Emwest Products Pty Limited | Gas meter with improved calorific measurement |
US10830719B2 (en) | 2017-09-19 | 2020-11-10 | Baker Hughes Holdings Llc | Devices and related methods for estimating accumulated thermal damage of downhole components |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2152439A (en) * | 1937-11-08 | 1939-03-28 | Power Patents Co | Method of and apparatus for analyzing gas |
US2197370A (en) * | 1935-11-07 | 1940-04-16 | Power Patents Co | Calorimeter |
US2731541A (en) * | 1954-07-09 | 1956-01-17 | Oxy Catalyst Inc | Catalytic structure and apparatus |
US3959764A (en) * | 1974-10-09 | 1976-05-25 | Dictaphone Corporation | Gas analyzing element |
JPS5821152A (en) * | 1981-07-29 | 1983-02-07 | Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd | Element for measurement of heat quantity and its preparation |
WO1994010566A1 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-05-11 | Gastec N.V. | Method for determining the calorific value of a gas and/or the wobbe index of natural gas |
EP0697593A1 (en) * | 1994-08-17 | 1996-02-21 | Bacharach, Inc. | Low power catalytic combustible gas detector |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1516039A (en) * | 1976-06-18 | 1978-06-28 | English Electric Valve Co Ltd | Combustible gas detectors |
JPS56141541A (en) * | 1980-04-07 | 1981-11-05 | Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd | Calorific value measuring device |
DE4336174C2 (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 2003-09-18 | Ruhrgas Ag | Process for the combustion-free measurement and / or regulation of the supply of heat to gas consumption devices |
US5494826A (en) * | 1994-04-18 | 1996-02-27 | Gas Research Institute, Inc. | Microcalorimeter sensor for the measurement of heat content of natural gas |
GB9608265D0 (en) * | 1996-04-22 | 1996-06-26 | British Gas Plc | Apparatus for measuring a gas value |
JPH09318665A (en) * | 1996-05-29 | 1997-12-12 | Kajima Corp | Energy and resource consumption control system |
-
1998
- 1998-04-09 AU AUPP2930A patent/AUPP293098A0/en not_active Abandoned
-
1999
- 1999-04-08 EP EP99913009A patent/EP1070231A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-04-08 NZ NZ507220A patent/NZ507220A/en unknown
- 1999-04-08 WO PCT/AU1999/000259 patent/WO1999053273A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2197370A (en) * | 1935-11-07 | 1940-04-16 | Power Patents Co | Calorimeter |
US2152439A (en) * | 1937-11-08 | 1939-03-28 | Power Patents Co | Method of and apparatus for analyzing gas |
US2731541A (en) * | 1954-07-09 | 1956-01-17 | Oxy Catalyst Inc | Catalytic structure and apparatus |
US3959764A (en) * | 1974-10-09 | 1976-05-25 | Dictaphone Corporation | Gas analyzing element |
JPS5821152A (en) * | 1981-07-29 | 1983-02-07 | Yamatake Honeywell Co Ltd | Element for measurement of heat quantity and its preparation |
WO1994010566A1 (en) * | 1992-10-23 | 1994-05-11 | Gastec N.V. | Method for determining the calorific value of a gas and/or the wobbe index of natural gas |
EP0697593A1 (en) * | 1994-08-17 | 1996-02-21 | Bacharach, Inc. | Low power catalytic combustible gas detector |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 093 (P-192), 19 April 1983 (1983-04-19) & JP 58 021152 A (YAMATAKE HONEYWELL KK), 7 February 1983 (1983-02-07) * |
See also references of WO9953273A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1999053273A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 |
EP1070231A4 (en) | 2002-01-16 |
NZ507220A (en) | 2002-08-28 |
AUPP293098A0 (en) | 1998-05-07 |
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Legal Events
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STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20031103 |