EP1068490A1 - Metering device for contactless determination of a rotation - Google Patents

Metering device for contactless determination of a rotation

Info

Publication number
EP1068490A1
EP1068490A1 EP98958812A EP98958812A EP1068490A1 EP 1068490 A1 EP1068490 A1 EP 1068490A1 EP 98958812 A EP98958812 A EP 98958812A EP 98958812 A EP98958812 A EP 98958812A EP 1068490 A1 EP1068490 A1 EP 1068490A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
measuring device
gap
stator
rotor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98958812A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Asta Reichl
Thomas Klotzbuecher
Tilman Gauger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1068490A1 publication Critical patent/EP1068490A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
    • G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
    • G01D5/145—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the relative movement between the Hall device and magnetic fields
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a measuring device for contactless detection of an angle of rotation according to the type of the independent claims.
  • a measuring device is known from FR-OS 90 15 223 in which a stator and a rotor are moved relative to one another. There is a small air gap between the stator, which is made of magnetically conductive material, and the rotor.
  • a first annular permanent magnet which is radially polarized is arranged in the rotor over a length of 180 degrees. In the remaining area of the stator, which is also 180 degrees, there is a second annular permanent magnet with opposite polarization.
  • the stator has two diametrically opposed air gaps.
  • a Hall sensor is arranged at least in one of these air gaps.
  • the linear measuring range of the measuring signal generated in this way is of a size of + . Limited to 75 degrees. Furthermore, this linear measuring range has a change of sign. Counter if necessary, this could be complexly corrected in a subsequent electrical circuit.
  • a sensor is known from the subsequently published DE-OS 196 34 381.3, which is arranged one above the other in three levels.
  • the rotor forms the middle level, whereby it consists of the carrier plate for a permanent magnet.
  • the carrier plate itself consists of magnetically non-conductive material, so that the magnetic flux over the other two levels, i.e. runs the stator and is controlled with the help of two spacers, which are arranged between the two planes of the stator.
  • a relatively large angular range can be measured with this sensor without changing the sign, but it is not suitable for measurements over 180 degrees.
  • the measuring device for the contactless detection of an angle of rotation with the characterizing features of the independent claim has the advantage that the sensor enables an angle of rotation detection of over 200 degrees.
  • the almost linear measuring line shows no sign change.
  • the zero point of the induction is equal to the zero point of the angle measurement.
  • the drive axis does not have to be arranged in the center of the sensor.
  • Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section in the direction I-I of Figure 2 through a first embodiment
  • Figures 2 and 3 a plan view and a bottom view
  • Figure 4 shows the shape of a permanent magnet
  • Figure 5 shows the associated representation of the spiral of the permanent magnet over the Angle ⁇
  • Figures 6 and 7 show the position of the permanent magnet and the respective magnetic flux at a minimum and maximum angle
  • FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section in the direction VIII-VIII according to FIG. 10 through a further exemplary embodiment
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show a bottom view and a top view of this exemplary embodiment
  • Figure 11 shows the shape of the permanent magnet in this embodiment.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show modifications of the flux guide parts of the stator.
  • 10 denotes a sensor, which consists of a stator 11 and a rotor 12.
  • the stator has a base plate 13 and a cover plate 14, which are separated by two spacers 15, 16.
  • the base plate 13 has a bore
  • the carrier plate 20 of the rotor 12 is fastened centrally on the axis 19 and consists of magnetically non-conductive material.
  • the cover plate 11 of the sensor 10 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2 and consists of the two segments 24 and 25. The two segments 24, 25 are separated from one another by a gap 26 and a second gap 27.
  • the gap 26 runs in the radial direction straight from the center of the ceiling plate 14 to the outer circumference.
  • a magnetic field sensitive element 30 is arranged in the gap 26. This can be, for example, a field plate, a magnetic transistor, magnetoresistive elements or a Hall element. It is important here that the magnetic field-sensitive component has a linear dependence of its output signal on the magnetic induction B. Instead of one element, several elements can be used for redundant measurement (safety measurement).
  • the gap 27 has a radially outwardly directed area 32 starting from the center of the ceiling plate 11, which has an angle of approximately 120 ° to the gap 26 and a subsequently curved area 33 which leads to the circumference.
  • the two gaps 26 and 27 are to be coordinated with one another in such a way that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 21 runs as far as possible only over the gap 26 and the gap 27 almost prevents magnetic flux.
  • the gap 27 is wider than the gap 26. Instead of air, the gap 27 can also be filled with other magnetically non-conductive material.
  • the two segments 24, 25 must be arranged so that each segment is at least as large as the angular segment of the permanent magnet 21. This means that if the permanent magnet is greater than 180 degrees, the two segments 24, 25 are as in FIG Figure 2 shown, nested. Furthermore, it is important that the air gap 27 and the shape of the permanent magnet 21 are matched to one another in such a way that the permanent magnet 21 is maintained throughout Rotary movement does not run over the gap 27.
  • the shape of a permanent magnet 21 is shown in FIG. 4. It can be seen that one end of the permanent magnet must have a smaller width than the other end of the permanent magnet 21. It must also be in the form of a spiral or an arc.
  • the shape of the permanent magnet is shown in more detail in the diagram according to FIG. 5. The course of the radius over the angular range to be determined is shown. One side of the permanent magnet should have a linear slope r. The other side of the permanent magnet then results in a radius R, which can be calculated using the following equation.
  • A area of the permanent magnet
  • ⁇ angle of rotation
  • the formula is based on the assumption of a constant thickness of the permanent magnet over its length.
  • the permanent magnet 21 can also be produced from plastic-bonded rare earth magnets (for example Sn ⁇ Co ⁇ ⁇ ).
  • the two segments 24, 25 of the ceiling plate 14, the base plate 13 and the spacer 16 consist of magnetically conductive, in particular soft magnetic material.
  • the second spacer 15, however, consists of non-magnetically conductive material.
  • Spacer 16 is connected to the base plate 13 and to the larger of the two segments of the ceiling plate 14.
  • the magnetically non-conductive spacer 15 is between the base plate 13 and the smaller segment 25 orderly.
  • the spacer 15 can also consist of air.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 now show the arrangement of the permanent magnet with respect to the two segments 24, 25 at the smallest (FIG. 6) and at the largest angle (FIG. 7).
  • the respective magnetic flux is also shown in the figures.
  • the direction of rotation of the permanent magnet is clockwise. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the permanent magnet 21 is located completely under the segment 24 at the angle of rotation of zero degrees.
  • the magnetic flux occurs completely from the permanent magnet 21 into the segment 24 via the spacer 16 and, not shown in FIG. 6, via the base plate 13 back to the permanent magnet 21. At zero degrees there is no magnetic flux through the gap 26 and thus through the magnetic field sensitive element 30 possible.
  • the permanent magnet When the sensor is deflected completely, ie at the maximum angle of rotation, as shown in FIG. 7, the permanent magnet is located completely under the segment 25. The wider end of the permanent magnet 21 projects toward the area 32 of the gap 27. The length of the region 32 of the gap 27 is thus to be matched to the width of the permanent magnet 21 at this end. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 21 via the segment 25, the gap 26 and the magnetic field-sensitive element 30 arranged there to the segment 24. Furthermore, the magnetic lines run over the spacer 16 and the base plate 13 back to the permanent magnet 21. The gap 27 prevents the magnetic lines from flowing in its area from the segment 25 to the segment 24. All magnetic lines must run across the gap 26 and the magnetic field sensitive element 30. With this arrangement, a linear course of the magnetic induction B in the magnetic field sensitive is obtained Element 30 over an angular range of up to 240 degrees, with no change of sign in the linear measurement curve.
  • FIG. 9 a modification of the ceiling plate 14a of the stator 11a is shown.
  • the base plate 13 shown in FIG. 9 corresponds to that of the first exemplary embodiment.
  • the gap 26a which has the magnetic field-sensitive element 30, is bent in the direction of rotation of the rotor 12. Since the direction of rotation is clockwise, the gap 26a is bent clockwise.
  • the gap 27a preventing magnetic flux also has a radially formed region 32a and a curved region 33a in FIG. Due to the shape of the gap 26a bent in the direction of rotation, the permanent magnet 21a, as shown in FIG.
  • the permanent magnet 21a can have a smaller angular range than the angular range to be measured, for example, at a measuring angle of 240 degrees, a permanent magnet 21a with an angular range would exist of 170 degrees. Furthermore, the permanent magnet 21a has the same thickness over its entire length. Between the gap 26a and the permanent magnet 21a, the same area of the permanent magnet 21a must move under the segment 24a or the segment 25a for each angular segment to be represented, assuming a constant thickness of the permanent magnet. Since the change in area in the outer radius of the permanent magnet 21a is greater than in the region of the inner radius of the permanent magnet 21a, the gap 26a must be arranged such that it is bent in the rotational movement of the rotor 12. Because the permanent magnet 21a is smaller than that
  • the two segments 24a and 25a can be nested so that an angle of rotation of almost 360 degrees can be detected with a linear measurement signal without changing the sign.
  • a corresponding presentation Position is shown in Figure 12.
  • the segment 25b has an almost heart-shaped configuration.
  • axis 11 has e.g. a rotation angle of 300 °. This requires a magnet with an angular range of 210 °.
  • the air gap 26b should then be bent at 88 °.
  • the width of the area 32b of the gap 27b is determined by the width of the permanent magnet 21.
  • the curvature of the section 33b of the gap 27b is to be adapted to the outer contour and the curvature of the permanent magnet.
  • FIG. 13 now shows a wall of the ceiling panel which is intended to cover a smaller angular range.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is that the two segments 24c and 25c do not have to be symmetrical. It is also possible that, in contrast to the above exemplary embodiments, the axis 19 does not have to act in the center of the sensor 10 or the carrier plate 20.
  • the gap 27c is formed between the segments 24c and 25c in such a way that it is not run over by the permanent magnet 21a and that only a relatively very small magnetic flux is possible via the gap 27c.
  • the gap 27c does not have to be made of air here either; it could also consist of other magnetically non-conductive material and thus prevent magnetic flux.

Abstract

The invention relates to a metering device for contactless determination of a rotation angle. The inventive device comprises a rotor (12) and a stator (12). Said stator (11) has inter alia two segments (24, 25) separated by a slit (26, 27). The slit (27) is adapted in such a way that the magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet (21) forming the rotor (12) does not extend above the slit (27) but above the air gap (26) where a magnetic-field sensitive member (30) is placed. The permanent magnet (21) has a form fitted to the slit (27) and the two segments (24, 25) so that, while the permanent magnet (21) rotates, the air gap (27) is not scanned by the magnetic field. It is thus possible to determine a relatively wide angle with a linear metering curve having no sign change.

Description

Meßvorrichtung zur berύhrungslosen Erfassung eines DrehwinkelsMeasuring device for contactless detection of an angle of rotation
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Meßvorrichtung zur berührungslosen Erfassung eines Drehwinkels nach der Gattung der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Aus der FR-OS 90 15 223 ist eine Meßvorrichtung bekannt, bei der ein Stator und ein Rotor re- lativ zueinander bewegt werden. Zwischen den jeweils aus magnetisch leitendem Material bestehenden Stator und dem Rotor befindet sich ein kleiner Luftspalt. Im Rotor ist über eine Länge von 180 Grad ein erster ringförmiger Permanentmagnet angeordnet, der radial polarisiert ist. Im übrigen, ebenfalls 180 Grad aufweisenden Bereich des Stators befindet sich ein zweiter ringförmiger Permanentmagnet mit gegensinniger Polarisation. Ferner weist der Stator zwei diametral gegenüberliegende Luftspalte auf. Wenigstens in einem dieser Luftspalte ist ein Hallsensor angeordnet. Bei der Drehbewegung des Rotors gegenüber dem Stator verändert sich die Stärke des durch den Hallsensor verlaufenden Magnetfelds. Der lineare Meßbereich des so erzeugten Meßsignals ist aber auf eine Größe von +. 75 Grad begrenzt. Ferner weist dieser lineare Meßbereich einen Vorzeichenwechsel auf. Gege- benenfalls könnte dieser aufwendig in einer anschließenden elektrischen Schaltung korrigiert werden.The invention is based on a measuring device for contactless detection of an angle of rotation according to the type of the independent claims. A measuring device is known from FR-OS 90 15 223 in which a stator and a rotor are moved relative to one another. There is a small air gap between the stator, which is made of magnetically conductive material, and the rotor. A first annular permanent magnet which is radially polarized is arranged in the rotor over a length of 180 degrees. In the remaining area of the stator, which is also 180 degrees, there is a second annular permanent magnet with opposite polarization. Furthermore, the stator has two diametrically opposed air gaps. A Hall sensor is arranged at least in one of these air gaps. When the rotor rotates relative to the stator, the strength of the magnetic field passing through the Hall sensor changes. However, the linear measuring range of the measuring signal generated in this way is of a size of + . Limited to 75 degrees. Furthermore, this linear measuring range has a change of sign. Counter if necessary, this could be complexly corrected in a subsequent electrical circuit.
Ferner ist aus der nachveröffentlichten DE-OS 196 34 381.3 ein Sensor bekannt, der in drei Ebenen übereinander angeordnet ist. Der Rotor bildet die mittlere Ebene, wobei er aus der Trägerplatte für einen Permanentmagneten besteht . Die Trägerplatte selbst besteht aus magnetisch nicht leitendem Material, so daß der Magnetfluß über die beiden anderen Ebenen, d.h. den Stator verläuft und mit Hilfe zweier Distanzstücke, die zwischen den beiden Ebenen des Stators angeordnet sind, gesteuert wird. Mit diesem Sensor ist zwar ein relativ großer Winkelbereich ohne Vorzeichenwechsel meßbar, er ist aber nicht für Messungen über 180 Grad geeignet.Furthermore, a sensor is known from the subsequently published DE-OS 196 34 381.3, which is arranged one above the other in three levels. The rotor forms the middle level, whereby it consists of the carrier plate for a permanent magnet. The carrier plate itself consists of magnetically non-conductive material, so that the magnetic flux over the other two levels, i.e. runs the stator and is controlled with the help of two spacers, which are arranged between the two planes of the stator. A relatively large angular range can be measured with this sensor without changing the sign, but it is not suitable for measurements over 180 degrees.
Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention
Die erfindungsgemäße Meßvorrichtung zur berührungslosen Erfassung eines Drehwinkels mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des unabhängigen Anspruchs hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß der Sensor eine Drehwinkelerfassung von über 200 Grad ermöglicht. Die nahezu lineare Meßlinie weist keinen Vorzeichenwechsel auf. Der Nullpunkt der Induktion ist gleich dem Nullpunkt der Winkelmessung. Aufgrund der konstruktiven An- Ordnung der Flußleitstücke und der Luftspalte kann der Meßbereich auf über 240 Grad variiert werden. Ist der Meßspalt gebogen, so kann der Permanentmagnet kleiner als der darzustellende Winkel sein. Wenn das spiralförmige Permanentmagnetsystem kleiner als der darzustellende Winkel ist, können Flußstücke zum Beispiel keinen Vollkreis oder keine sonstigen ähnlichen ganzen Formen aufweisen. Ferner muß die Antriebsachse nicht im Sensormittelpunkt angeordnet sein. Durch die in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführten Maßnahmen sind vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Verbesserungen der im unabhängigen Anspruch angegebenen Meßvorrichtung möglich.The measuring device according to the invention for the contactless detection of an angle of rotation with the characterizing features of the independent claim has the advantage that the sensor enables an angle of rotation detection of over 200 degrees. The almost linear measuring line shows no sign change. The zero point of the induction is equal to the zero point of the angle measurement. Due to the structural arrangement of the flow guide pieces and the air gaps, the measuring range can be varied to over 240 degrees. If the measuring gap is bent, the permanent magnet can be smaller than the angle to be displayed. For example, if the spiral permanent magnet system is less than the angle to be represented, flux sections may not have a full circle or any other similar whole shapes. Furthermore, the drive axis does not have to be arranged in the center of the sensor. The measures listed in the subclaims allow advantageous developments and improvements of the measuring device specified in the independent claim.
Zeichnungdrawing
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in der Zeichnung dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Die Figur 1 zeigt einen Längsschnitt in Richtung I- I nach Figur 2 durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel, die Figuren 2 und 3 eine Draufsicht bzw. eine Unteransicht, Figur 4 zeigt die Form eines Permanentmagneten und Figur 5 die dazugehörige Darstellung der Spirale des Permanentmagneten über den Winkel α. Die Figuren 6 und 7 zeigen die Stellung des Permanentmagneten und den jeweiligen Magnetfluß bei minimalem und maximalem Winkel . Die Figur 8 zeigt einen Längsschnitt in Richtung VIII -VIII nach Figur 10 durch ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel und die Figuren 9 und 10 eine Bodenansicht bzw. eine Draufsicht auf dieses Ausführungsbei- spiel. Die Figur 11 zeigt die Form des Permanentmagneten bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel. Die Figuren 12 und 13 zeigen Abwandlungen der Flußleitteile des Stators.Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawing and explained in more detail in the following description. Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section in the direction I-I of Figure 2 through a first embodiment, Figures 2 and 3 a plan view and a bottom view, Figure 4 shows the shape of a permanent magnet and Figure 5 shows the associated representation of the spiral of the permanent magnet over the Angle α. Figures 6 and 7 show the position of the permanent magnet and the respective magnetic flux at a minimum and maximum angle. FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section in the direction VIII-VIII according to FIG. 10 through a further exemplary embodiment and FIGS. 9 and 10 show a bottom view and a top view of this exemplary embodiment. Figure 11 shows the shape of the permanent magnet in this embodiment. Figures 12 and 13 show modifications of the flux guide parts of the stator.
Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments
In der Figur 1 ist mit 10 ein Sensor bezeichnet, der aus einem Stator 11 und einem Rotor 12 besteht. Der Stator hat eine Bodenplatte 13 und eine Deckenplatte 14, die durch zwei Distanzstücke 15, 16 getrennt sind. Wie aus der Figur 3 näher zu ersehen ist, hat die Bodenplatte 13 eine BohrungIn FIG. 1, 10 denotes a sensor, which consists of a stator 11 and a rotor 12. The stator has a base plate 13 and a cover plate 14, which are separated by two spacers 15, 16. As can be seen in more detail in FIG. 3, the base plate 13 has a bore
18, durch die die Achse 19 des Rotors 12 ragt. Die Achse 19 ist mit einem nicht dargestellten Bauteil verbindbar, dessen Drehbewegung bestimmt werden soll. Die Trägerplatte 20 des Rotors 12 ist mittig auf der Achse 19 befestigt und besteht aus magnetisch nicht leitendem Material. Auf der Träger- platte 20 befindet sich ein Permanentmagnet 21, dessen Form in der Figur 4 näher dargestellt ist. Die Polarisationsrichtung des Permanentmagneten 21 ist parallel zur Achse 19 ausgerichtet. Die Deckenplatte 11 des Sensors 10 ist in der Figur 2 näher dargestellt und besteht aus den beiden Segmenten 24 und 25. Die beiden Segmente 24, 25 sind durch einen Spalt 26 und einen zweiten Spalt 27 voneinander getrennt. Der Spalt 26 läuft in radialer Richtung gerade vom Mittelpunkt der Deckenplatte 14 zum Außenumfang hin. Im Spalt 26 ist ein magnetfeldempfindliches Element 30 angeordnet. Dabei kann es sich zum Beispiel um eine Feldplatte einen Magnettransistor, magnetoresisitve Elemente oder um ein Hallelement handeln. Wichtig hierbei ist, daß das magnetfeldempfindliche Bauteil eine möglichst lineare Ab- hängigkeit seines Ausgangssignals von der magnetischen Induktion B aufweist .Statt ein Element können zur redundanten Messung (Sicherheitsmessung) auch mehrere Elemente eingesetzt werden. Der Spalt 27 weist einen vom Mittelpunkt der Deckenplatte 11 ausgehenden, radial nach außen gerichteten, Bereich 32, der zum Spalt 26 etwa einen Winkel vom 120° hat und einen anschließend gebogenen Bereich 33, der bis zum Umfang führt, auf. Die beiden Spalte 26 und 27 sind so aufeinander abzustimmen, daß der Magnetfluß des Permanentmagenten 21 möglichst nur über den Spalt 26 verläuft und der Spalt 27 einen Magnetfluß nahezu verhindert. Der Spalt 27 ist breiter als der Spalt 26. Statt mit Luft kann der Spalt 27 auch mit anderen magnetisch nicht leitfähigem Material gefüllt sein. Die beiden Segmente 24, 25 müssen so angeordnet sein, daß jedes Segment mindestens so groß ist, wie das Winkelsegment des Permanentmagneten 21. Dies bedeutet, daß wenn der Permanentmagnet größer als 180 Grad ist, sind die beiden Segmente 24, 25, wie in der Figur 2 dargestellt, ineinander verschachtelt. Ferner ist es wichtig, daß der Luftspalt 27 und die Form des Permanentmagneten 21 so aufeinander abge- stimmt sind, daß der Permanentmagnet 21 während der gesamten Drehbewegung den Spalt 27 nicht überfährt. Die Form eines Permanentmagneten 21 ist in der Figur 4 dargestellt. Es ist ersichtlich, daß das eine Ende des Permanentmagneten eine geringere Breite als das andere Ende des Permanentmagneten 21 aufweisen muß. Ferner muß er die Form einer Spirale oder eines Kreisbogens haben. Die Form des Permanentmagneten ist im Diagramm nach der Figur 5 näher dargestellt. So ist der Verlauf des Radius über den jeweils zu bestimmenden Winkelbereich dargestellt. Dabei soll die eine Seite des Per- manentmagneten eine linare Steigung r aufweisen. Die anderen Seite des Permanentmagneten ergibt dann einen Radius R, der sich nach folgender Gleichung berechnen läßt.18 through which the axis 19 of the rotor 12 projects. The axis 19 can be connected to a component, not shown, whose rotational movement is to be determined. The carrier plate 20 of the rotor 12 is fastened centrally on the axis 19 and consists of magnetically non-conductive material. On the carrier plate 20 there is a permanent magnet 21, the shape of which is shown in more detail in FIG. The direction of polarization of the permanent magnet 21 is aligned parallel to the axis 19. The cover plate 11 of the sensor 10 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2 and consists of the two segments 24 and 25. The two segments 24, 25 are separated from one another by a gap 26 and a second gap 27. The gap 26 runs in the radial direction straight from the center of the ceiling plate 14 to the outer circumference. A magnetic field sensitive element 30 is arranged in the gap 26. This can be, for example, a field plate, a magnetic transistor, magnetoresistive elements or a Hall element. It is important here that the magnetic field-sensitive component has a linear dependence of its output signal on the magnetic induction B. Instead of one element, several elements can be used for redundant measurement (safety measurement). The gap 27 has a radially outwardly directed area 32 starting from the center of the ceiling plate 11, which has an angle of approximately 120 ° to the gap 26 and a subsequently curved area 33 which leads to the circumference. The two gaps 26 and 27 are to be coordinated with one another in such a way that the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 21 runs as far as possible only over the gap 26 and the gap 27 almost prevents magnetic flux. The gap 27 is wider than the gap 26. Instead of air, the gap 27 can also be filled with other magnetically non-conductive material. The two segments 24, 25 must be arranged so that each segment is at least as large as the angular segment of the permanent magnet 21. This means that if the permanent magnet is greater than 180 degrees, the two segments 24, 25 are as in FIG Figure 2 shown, nested. Furthermore, it is important that the air gap 27 and the shape of the permanent magnet 21 are matched to one another in such a way that the permanent magnet 21 is maintained throughout Rotary movement does not run over the gap 27. The shape of a permanent magnet 21 is shown in FIG. 4. It can be seen that one end of the permanent magnet must have a smaller width than the other end of the permanent magnet 21. It must also be in the form of a spiral or an arc. The shape of the permanent magnet is shown in more detail in the diagram according to FIG. 5. The course of the radius over the angular range to be determined is shown. One side of the permanent magnet should have a linear slope r. The other side of the permanent magnet then results in a radius R, which can be calculated using the following equation.
A = Fläche des Permanentmagneten α = DrehwinkelA = area of the permanent magnet α = angle of rotation
Die Formel basiert auf der Annahme einer konstanten Dicke des Permanentmagneten über seine Länge.The formula is based on the assumption of a constant thickness of the permanent magnet over its length.
Der Permanentmagnet 21 kann neben den bekannten Magnetwerkstoffen auch aus kunststoffgebunden Seltene-Erden-Magneten (zum Beispiel Sn^Coη^) hergestellt werden.In addition to the known magnetic materials, the permanent magnet 21 can also be produced from plastic-bonded rare earth magnets (for example Sn ^ Coη ^).
Beim Stator 11 bestehen die beiden Segmente 24, 25 der Deckenplatte 14, die Bodenplatte 13 und das Distanzstück 16 aus magnetisch leitfähigem, insbesondere weichmagnetischem Material. Das zweite Distanzstück 15 hingegen besteht aus nicht magnetisch leitfähigem Material. Das weichmagnetischeIn the case of the stator 11, the two segments 24, 25 of the ceiling plate 14, the base plate 13 and the spacer 16 consist of magnetically conductive, in particular soft magnetic material. The second spacer 15, however, consists of non-magnetically conductive material. The soft magnetic
Distanzstück 16 ist hierbei mit der Bodenplatte 13 und mit dem größeren der beiden Segmente der Deckenplatte 14 verbunden. Das magnetisch nicht leitende Distanzstück 15 ist zwischen der Bodenplatte 13 und dem kleineren Segment 25 an- geordnet. Das Distanzstück 15 kann je nach Einbau des Sensors in ein entsprechendes Gehäuse auch aus Luft bestehen.Spacer 16 is connected to the base plate 13 and to the larger of the two segments of the ceiling plate 14. The magnetically non-conductive spacer 15 is between the base plate 13 and the smaller segment 25 orderly. Depending on the installation of the sensor in a corresponding housing, the spacer 15 can also consist of air.
In den Figuren 6 und 7 ist nun die Anordnung des Permanent- magneten gegenüber den beiden Segmenten 24, 25 bei kleinstem (Figur 6) und bei größtem Winkel (Figur 7) dargestellt. Ferner ist in den Figuren der jeweilige Magnetfluß eingezeichnet. Die Drehrichtung des Permanentmagneten erfolgt im Uhrzeigersinn. Aus der Figur 6 ist erkenntlich, daß bei dem Drehwinkel von Null Grad der Permanentmagnet 21 vollständig unter dem Segment 24 sich befindet. Der Magnetfluß erfolgt vollständig vom Permanentmagneten 21 in das Segment 24 über das Distanzstück 16 und, in der Figur 6 nicht dargestellt, über die Bodenplatte 13 zurück zum Permanentmagneten 21. Beim Winkel Null Grad ist kein Magnetfluß über den Spalt 26 und somit durch das magnetfeldempfindliche Element 30 möglich.FIGS. 6 and 7 now show the arrangement of the permanent magnet with respect to the two segments 24, 25 at the smallest (FIG. 6) and at the largest angle (FIG. 7). The respective magnetic flux is also shown in the figures. The direction of rotation of the permanent magnet is clockwise. It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the permanent magnet 21 is located completely under the segment 24 at the angle of rotation of zero degrees. The magnetic flux occurs completely from the permanent magnet 21 into the segment 24 via the spacer 16 and, not shown in FIG. 6, via the base plate 13 back to the permanent magnet 21. At zero degrees there is no magnetic flux through the gap 26 and thus through the magnetic field sensitive element 30 possible.
Bei völliger Auslenkung des Sensors, d.h. bei maximalem Drehwinkel, wie er in der Figur 7 dargestellt ist, befindet sich der Permanentmagnet vollständig unter dem Segment 25. Das breitere Ende des Permanentmagneten 21 ragt dabei zum Bereich 32 des Spalts 27 hin. Die Länge des Bereichs 32 des Spalts 27 ist somit auf die Breite des Permanentmagneten 21 an diesem Ende abzustimmen. Aus der Figur 7 ist ersichtlich, daß der Magnetfluß vom Permanentmagneten 21 über das Segment 25, den Spalt 26 und das dort angeordnete magnetfeldempfindliche Element 30 zum Segment 24 erfolgt. Weiterhin verlaufen die Magnetlinien über das Distanzstück 16 und die Boden- platte 13 zurück zum Permanentmagneten 21. Der Spalt 27 verhindert einen Fluß der Magnetlinien in seinem Bereich vom Segment 25 zum Segment 24 hin. Alle Magnetlinien müssen über den Spalt 26 und das magnetfeldempfindliche Element 30 verlaufen. Bei dieser Anordnung erhält man einen linearen Ver- lauf der magnetischen Induktion B im magnetfeldempfindlichen Element 30 über einen Winkelbereich von bis zu 240 Grad, wobei kein Vorzeichenwechsel in der linearen Meßkurve erfolgt.When the sensor is deflected completely, ie at the maximum angle of rotation, as shown in FIG. 7, the permanent magnet is located completely under the segment 25. The wider end of the permanent magnet 21 projects toward the area 32 of the gap 27. The length of the region 32 of the gap 27 is thus to be matched to the width of the permanent magnet 21 at this end. It can be seen from FIG. 7 that the magnetic flux from the permanent magnet 21 via the segment 25, the gap 26 and the magnetic field-sensitive element 30 arranged there to the segment 24. Furthermore, the magnetic lines run over the spacer 16 and the base plate 13 back to the permanent magnet 21. The gap 27 prevents the magnetic lines from flowing in its area from the segment 25 to the segment 24. All magnetic lines must run across the gap 26 and the magnetic field sensitive element 30. With this arrangement, a linear course of the magnetic induction B in the magnetic field sensitive is obtained Element 30 over an angular range of up to 240 degrees, with no change of sign in the linear measurement curve.
Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach den Figuren 8ff . ist eine Ab- Wandlung der Deckenplatte 14a des Stators 11a dargestellt. Die in der Figur 9 dargestellte Bodenplatte 13 entspricht der des ersten Ausführungsbeispiels. Bei der Deckenplatte 14a, wie sie in der Figur 10 dargestellt ist, ist der Spalt 26a, der das magnetfeldempfindliche Element 30 aufweist, in Drehrichtung des Rotors 12 gebogen. Da die Drehrichtung in Uhrzeigersinn ist, ist der Spalt 26a in Uhrzeigerrichtung gebogen. Der einen Magnetfluß verhindernde Spalt 27a weist auch in der Figur 10 einen radial ausgebildeten Bereich 32a und einen gebogenen Bereich 33a auf. Aufgrund der in Dreh- richtung gebogenen Form des Spalts 26a kann der Permanentmagnet 21a, wie er in Figur 11 dargestellt ist, einen kleineren Winkelbereich als der zu messende Winkelbereich aufweisen, zum Beispiel würde sich bei einem Meßwinkel von 240 Grad ein Permanentmagnet 21a mit einem Winkelbereich von 170 Grad ergeben. Ferner weist der Permanentmagnet 21a über seine gesamte Länge eine gleiche Dicke auf. Zwischen dem Spalt 26a und dem Permanentmagneten 21a muß sich für jedes darzustellende Winkelsegment bei der Annahme einer konstanten Dicke des Permanentmagneten die gleiche Fläche des Permanentmagneten 21a unter dem Segment 24a bzw. dem Segment 25a verschieben. Da im Außenradius des Permanentmagneten 21a die Flächenänderung größer ist als im Bereich des Innenradius des Permanentmagneten 21a, muß der Spalt 26a so angeordnet sein, daß er in Drehbewegung des Rotors 12 gebogen ist. Dadurch, daß der Permanentmagnet 21a kleiner als derIn the embodiment according to Figures 8ff. a modification of the ceiling plate 14a of the stator 11a is shown. The base plate 13 shown in FIG. 9 corresponds to that of the first exemplary embodiment. In the case of the ceiling plate 14a, as shown in FIG. 10, the gap 26a, which has the magnetic field-sensitive element 30, is bent in the direction of rotation of the rotor 12. Since the direction of rotation is clockwise, the gap 26a is bent clockwise. The gap 27a preventing magnetic flux also has a radially formed region 32a and a curved region 33a in FIG. Due to the shape of the gap 26a bent in the direction of rotation, the permanent magnet 21a, as shown in FIG. 11, can have a smaller angular range than the angular range to be measured, for example, at a measuring angle of 240 degrees, a permanent magnet 21a with an angular range would exist of 170 degrees. Furthermore, the permanent magnet 21a has the same thickness over its entire length. Between the gap 26a and the permanent magnet 21a, the same area of the permanent magnet 21a must move under the segment 24a or the segment 25a for each angular segment to be represented, assuming a constant thickness of the permanent magnet. Since the change in area in the outer radius of the permanent magnet 21a is greater than in the region of the inner radius of the permanent magnet 21a, the gap 26a must be arranged such that it is bent in the rotational movement of the rotor 12. Because the permanent magnet 21a is smaller than that
Drehwinkel ist und der Permanentmagnet 21a spiralförmig bzw. gebogen ausgebildet ist, können die beiden Segmente 24a und 25a so ineinander verschachtelt sein, daß ein Drehwinkel von nahezu 360 Grad mit einem linearen Meßsignal ohne Vor- Zeichenwechsel erfaßt werden kann. Eine entsprechende Dar- Stellung ist in der Figur 12 gezeigt. Hierbei weist das Segment 25b eine nahezu herzförmige Ausgestaltung auf.Angle of rotation and the permanent magnet 21a is formed spirally or curved, the two segments 24a and 25a can be nested so that an angle of rotation of almost 360 degrees can be detected with a linear measurement signal without changing the sign. A corresponding presentation Position is shown in Figure 12. Here, the segment 25b has an almost heart-shaped configuration.
In der Figur 12 hat die Achse 11 z.B. einen Drehwinkel von 300°. Hierzu wird ein Magnet mit einem Winkelbereich von 210° benötigt. Der Luftspalt 26b müßte dann unter 88° gebogen sein. Die Breite des Bereichs 32b des Spalts 27b wird durch die Breite des Permanentmagneten 21 bestimmt. Im weiteren ist die Biegung des Abschnitts 33b des Spalts 27b an die Außenkontur und die Biegung des Permanentmagneten anzupassen.In Figure 12, axis 11 has e.g. a rotation angle of 300 °. This requires a magnet with an angular range of 210 °. The air gap 26b should then be bent at 88 °. The width of the area 32b of the gap 27b is determined by the width of the permanent magnet 21. Furthermore, the curvature of the section 33b of the gap 27b is to be adapted to the outer contour and the curvature of the permanent magnet.
In der Figur 13 ist nun eine Abwandung der Deckenplatte dargestellt, die einen kleineren Winkelbereich erfassen soll. Der Vorteil bei dieser Anordnung liegt darin, daß die beiden Segmente 24c und 25c nicht symmetrisch sein müssen. Auch ist es möglich, daß im Unterschied zu den obigen Ausführungsbeispielen die Achse 19 nicht im Mittelpunkt des Sensors 10 bzw. der Trägerplatte 20 angreifen muß. Auch hier ist es wesentlich, daß der Spalt 27c so zwischen den Segmenten 24c bzw. 25c ausgebildet ist, daß er nicht vom Permanentmagneten 21a überfahren wird und auch nur ein relativ sehr geringer Magnetfluß über den Spalt 27c möglich ist. Der Spalt 27c muß auch hier nicht aus Luft sein; er könnte auch aus sonstigen magnetisch nicht leitenden und somit den Magnetfluß verhinderndem Material bestehen. FIG. 13 now shows a wall of the ceiling panel which is intended to cover a smaller angular range. The advantage of this arrangement is that the two segments 24c and 25c do not have to be symmetrical. It is also possible that, in contrast to the above exemplary embodiments, the axis 19 does not have to act in the center of the sensor 10 or the carrier plate 20. Here, too, it is essential that the gap 27c is formed between the segments 24c and 25c in such a way that it is not run over by the permanent magnet 21a and that only a relatively very small magnetic flux is possible via the gap 27c. The gap 27c does not have to be made of air here either; it could also consist of other magnetically non-conductive material and thus prevent magnetic flux.

Claims

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Meßvorrichtung zur berührungslosen Erfassung eines Drehwinkels zwischen einem Stator (11) und einem Rotor (12) , wo- bei sich zwischen Stator (11) und Rotor (12) ein Luftspalt befindet und im Stator (11) mindestens ein Luftspalt (26) ausgebildet ist, wobei sich in mindestens einem Luftspalt (26) mindestens ein magnetfeldempfindliches Element (30) befindet und wobei im Rotor (12) mindestens ein Segment min- destens eines Permanentmagneten (21) angeordnet ist, und wobei der Stator (11) aus mehreren Teilen (13, 14, 15, 16) aufgebaut ist, wobei wenigstens ein Teil (15) keine magnetisch leitende Verbindung mit den übrigen Teilen (13, 14, 16) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Permanentma- gnet (21) so ausgebildet ist, daß er bei einem maximalen1. Measuring device for contactless detection of an angle of rotation between a stator (11) and a rotor (12), an air gap being located between the stator (11) and rotor (12) and at least one air gap (26) in the stator (11) is formed, at least one magnetic field-sensitive element (30) being located in at least one air gap (26) and at least one segment of at least one permanent magnet (21) being arranged in the rotor (12), and the stator (11) being composed of a plurality Parts (13, 14, 15, 16) is constructed, at least one part (15) having no magnetically conductive connection with the other parts (13, 14, 16), characterized in that the permanent magnet (21) is designed in this way is that it is at a maximum
Meßsignal sich nur unter einem ersten Teil (24) des Stators (11) befindet und beim anderen maximalen Meßsignal nur unter einem zweiten Teil (25) des Stators (11) befindet.The measurement signal is only under a first part (24) of the stator (11) and the other maximum measurement signal is only under a second part (25) of the stator (11).
2. Meßvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das eine Ende des Permanentmagneten (21) breiter ist als das andere Ende des Permanentmagneten (21) und daß der Übergang kontinuierlich ist. 2. Measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the one end of the permanent magnet (21) is wider than the other end of the permanent magnet (21) and that the transition is continuous.
3. Meßvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Permanentmagnet (21) bei einer kontinuierlich linear verlaufenden Abwicklung der Längsseite (r) die andere Längsseite (R) der Gleichung3. Measuring device according to claim 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the permanent magnet (21) with a continuously linear development of the long side (r) the other long side (R) of the equation
A = Fläche des Permanentmagneten α = DrehwinkelA = area of the permanent magnet α = angle of rotation
entspricht .corresponds.
4. Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Winkelgröße des Permanentmagneten4. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the angular size of the permanent magnet
(21) mindestens dem des zu bestimmenden maximalen Winkels entspricht .(21) corresponds at least to that of the maximum angle to be determined.
5. Meßvorrrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt (26a), in dem sich das magnetfeldempfindliche Element (30) befindet, in Drehrichtung des Rotors (12) gebogen ist.5. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the gap (26a), in which the magnetic field-sensitive element (30) is located, is bent in the direction of rotation of the rotor (12).
6. Meßvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 5, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß der Permanentmagnet (21a) gebogen ist und über die gesamte Länge annähernd gleich dick ist.6. Measuring device according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the permanent magnet (21a) is bent and is approximately the same thickness over the entire length.
7. Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt (27) einen geraden radial ver- laufenden Abschnitt (32) aufweist und sich daran ein gebogener Abschnitt (33) anschließt. 7. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gap (27) has a straight radially extending section (32) and adjoins a curved section (33).
8. Meßvorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der gerade Abschnitt (32) des Spalts (27) mindestens so lang ist, wie das breitere Ende des Permanentmagneten (21) .8. Measuring device according to claim 7, characterized in that the straight section (32) of the gap (27) is at least as long as the wider end of the permanent magnet (21).
9. Meßvorrichtung nach Anspruch einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der Drehbewegung des Stators (11a) die Größe der sich in Bezug auf das erste (24a) und das zweite (25a) Teil verschiebenden Fläche des Permanentmagneten (21a) annähernd gleich ist.9. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that during the rotational movement of the stator (11a) the size of the surface of the permanent magnet (21a) shifting with respect to the first (24a) and the second (25a) part. is approximately the same.
10. Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt (27) größer als der Spalt (26) ist, so daß über den Spalt (27) nahezu kein Magnetfluß des vom Permanentmagneten (21) erzeugten Magnetfeldes verläuft.10. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the gap (27) is larger than the gap (26), so that almost no magnetic flux of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet (21) passes through the gap (27).
11. Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Permanentmagnet (21) spiralförmig ausgebildet ist.11. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the permanent magnet (21) is formed spirally.
12. Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Permanentmagnet (21) gebogen ausgebildet ist.12. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the permanent magnet (21) is curved.
13. Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, da- durch gekennzeichnet, daß die Polarisierungsrichtung des13. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the polarization direction of the
Permanentmagneten (21) in axialer Richtung des Rotors (12) ausgerichtet ist.Permanent magnet (21) is aligned in the axial direction of the rotor (12).
14. Meßvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Spalt (26) , in dem sich das magnetfeldempfindliche Element (30) befindet, radial verlaufend ausgebildet ist. 14. Measuring device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the gap (26), in which the magnetic field-sensitive element (30) is located, is designed to run radially.
EP98958812A 1997-12-04 1998-10-12 Metering device for contactless determination of a rotation Withdrawn EP1068490A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE19753777 1997-12-04
DE19753777A DE19753777A1 (en) 1997-12-04 1997-12-04 Measuring device for contactless detection of an angle of rotation
PCT/DE1998/003003 WO1999030111A1 (en) 1997-12-04 1998-10-12 Metering device for contactless determination of a rotation

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DE102010064007A1 (en) * 2010-12-23 2012-06-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Switching device with switching state detection
JP6678957B2 (en) 2016-08-23 2020-04-15 Smc株式会社 Clamping device
KR102058135B1 (en) * 2019-08-09 2019-12-20 임형빈 3-Dimension automatic measuring system

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AU1481999A (en) 1999-06-28
KR20000070595A (en) 2000-11-25
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WO1999030111A1 (en) 1999-06-17
US6433538B1 (en) 2002-08-13
DE19753777A1 (en) 1999-06-10

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