EP1066764A1 - Barrière de protection contre la pluie perméable à l'air et pourvue d'ouvertures capillaires inclinées - Google Patents

Barrière de protection contre la pluie perméable à l'air et pourvue d'ouvertures capillaires inclinées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1066764A1
EP1066764A1 EP99112868A EP99112868A EP1066764A1 EP 1066764 A1 EP1066764 A1 EP 1066764A1 EP 99112868 A EP99112868 A EP 99112868A EP 99112868 A EP99112868 A EP 99112868A EP 1066764 A1 EP1066764 A1 EP 1066764A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
film
capillaries
rain
opening
article according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99112868A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Giovanni Carlucchi
Uwe Thomas Michael Horst Hirsch
Donatella Talone
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Procter and Gamble Co
Original Assignee
Procter and Gamble Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Procter and Gamble Co filed Critical Procter and Gamble Co
Priority to EP99112868A priority Critical patent/EP1066764A1/fr
Priority to AU57816/00A priority patent/AU5781600A/en
Priority to PCT/US2000/018055 priority patent/WO2001001804A1/fr
Priority to EP00943331A priority patent/EP1196051A1/fr
Publication of EP1066764A1 publication Critical patent/EP1066764A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D3/00—Overgarments
    • A41D3/02—Overcoats
    • A41D3/04—Raincoats

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to rain protection and rain barrier articles like raincoats, roof liners for buildings or tents and other protection covers intended to prevent entry of rainwater.
  • the articles are provided with or by at least one breathable layer of a resilient, three dimensional web which consists of a liquid impervious polymeric film having apertures. These apertures form capillaries which are not perpendicular to the plane of the film but are disposed at an angle of less than 90° relative to the plane of the film and installed to retard entry of rain.
  • rain barrier or protection articles there are other rain barrier or protection articles in which similar considerations can be applied.
  • rain wear reusable or disposable
  • Another usage for the articles according to the present invention would be protective covers against directional liquid exposure such as can be found in the agricultural field when spraying chemicals (fertilizer or other plant treatments).
  • a further usage situation for the articles according to the present invention would be disposable outer liners for cars, cycles or shipment packages for example in the agricultural field or for the transportation industry.
  • Rain barrier or protection articles satisfying the above objectives are of course already known in the form of water impermeable polymeric films. Such films have the benefit of not being directional i.e. the installation or usage thereof is independent of the direction from which water will impact. However they also suffer a tremendous drawback from causing an occlusion to airborne humidity such as water vapor but also other airborne materials such as dust particles. Conventionally the occlusion is accepted to achieve protection against rain water entry.
  • Articles having water vapor transport characteristics such as Gore Tex (RT) or other microporous film materials are already well known. However they do not allow free air circulation and therefore have a very slow water vapor transport capability. On the other hand eliminating occlusion could be achieved by apertured film materials which are however not satisfactory in respect to their barrier function.
  • the intended benefit of the rain protection articles according to the present invention is the ability to allow water vapor and air to freely pass in and out through the barrier while the rain protection function is kept. It has now been found that this can be achieved by use of the principles disclosed in WO97/03818, W097/03795 or US-A-5.897.543 to design the special breathable rain barrier according to the present invention. It is therefore an objective of the present invention to provide rain barrier articles which allow free air circulation through them while at the same time preventing or at least minimizing water transmission of water deposited primarily in a designated direction, such as rain. At the same time reapplication of known and proven manufacturing processes and equipment is desirable for economic reasons. Satisfying this objective as well as other benefits of the present invention will become readily apparent when considering the summary of the invention and the detailed description thereof.
  • the present invention relates to airpermeable rain protection articles.
  • Rain protection articles are those articles which are intended to protect a wearer or a thing against becoming wet from rain. Rain protection in this sense also provides protection from being exposed to chemicals or dirt conventionally contained in rain or chemicals contained in sprayed liquid having a designated direction (such as fertilizer or fungicides in agricultural use). Examples of rain protection articles are rain coats, roof liners and wall liners in construction, tents, car or packaging materials in the agricultural field or the transportation industry.
  • the rain protection articles can be reusable for example in rain coats or disposable such as for example in rain protection capes. They can of course also be intended for longterm, permanent use such as roof liners or wall liners on buildings.
  • the rain protection article according to the present invention has the particular benefit and characteristic of being airpermeable. Airpermeability is important for clothing but also for example in the building industry to allow for water vapor to escape through a roof or wall while still providing the rain protection performance.
  • the present invention utilizes the phenomenon of rain water having a designated direction relative to the surface of the protection material.
  • the rain protection article comprises a resilient three dimensional layer which has a first and a second surface.
  • the second surface is that which is exposed to rain while the article is used for rain protection.
  • the layer consists of a liquid impervious polymeric film with apertures which are formed by capillaries.
  • the capillaries allow the free air exchange between the first and the second surface of the liquid impervious film.
  • the capillaries have side walls which extend away from the second surface of the film and the capillaries have a first opening in the first surface of the film and a second opening at the end of the capillary which is spaced apart from the second surface of the film.
  • the capillaries extend away from the second surface of the film at an angle which is less than 90° relative to the plain of the film and the angle points the capillaries away from that direction from where rain falls during usage of the rain protection article.
  • all capillaries in the film are substantially identical and preferably homogeneously distributed across the film.
  • the angle at which the capillaries extend away from the second surface of the film is preferably between 85 ° and 20°, more preferably between 65 ° and 25° and most preferably between 55° and 30°.
  • the shape of the capillaries is most preferably such that they form cones in which the opening in the first surface of the film is larger than at the end of the capillaries. In an alternative embodiment or in combination with the cones the capillaries can be curved so as to direct the second opening again towards the second surface of the film.
  • the open area for conducting air through the film should provide a effective airpermeability.
  • the first opening of the capillaries measured within the plain of the film has been found to be preferably in the range between 1-20 mm 2 , preferably 3-10 mm 2 and most preferably 5-8 mm 2 .
  • the film material alone can most preferably be used as roof liner or for disposable rain coats or capes.
  • a combination with other layers such as non wovens or woven material has been found more appealing since the direct skin contact (even with small areas of polymeric film) often causes the sensation of sweatiness.
  • the film material is microporous as starting material so as to allow at least water vapor transport in regions where no apertures are present, thus combining the benefits of air permeability with water vapor permeability while maintaining rain protection.
  • Figure 1 shows a photocopy representation of the first surface of a film useful in the articles according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a photocopy representation of the second surface of the film useful in articles according to the present invention.
  • FIGS 3 through 7 show particular alternative embodiments of the capillaries used for the film useful in articles according to the present invention.
  • suitable airpermeable rain coats comprise a resilient three dimensional layer which consists of a liquid impervious film which has apertures and is air permeable.
  • the film is oriented such that it retards or prevents rain dropes and water running down on the rain coat from passing towards the inside while allowing free air flow through it.
  • any additional layer of the rain coat needs to provide at least air permeability in order to improve the comfort benefit from the breathability of the article.
  • suitable water vapour and air permeable layers include two-dimensional micro- or macro-apertured films, which can also be micro-or macroscopically expended films, formed apertured films and monolithic films, as well as nonwovens, or wovens.
  • Such films and film materials are disclosed in detail e.g. in EPO 293 482 and the references therein, or US 3, 929,135, US 4 637 819 and US 4 591 523.
  • the film layer according to the present invention provides air and water vapour permeability by being apertured.
  • this layer is made in accordance with the aforementioned US-A-5,591,510 or PCT WO- 97/03818, WO-97/03795.
  • this layer comprises a polymeric film indicated in figure 1 and 2 as layer (55), having capillaries (54).
  • the capillaries extend away from the second surface of film (55) at an angle which is less then 90 degrees.
  • the capillaries are evenly distributed across the entire surface of the layer, and are all identical.
  • articles having only certain regions provided with apertures could be provided with a film in which only selected regions have capillaries according to the present invention or with an additional impermeable layer in regions where permeability is not desired.
  • a polymeric film such as a polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE, MDPE, HDPE or laminates thereof) is heated close to its melting point and exposed through a forming screen to a suction force which pulls those areas exposed to the force into the forming apertures which are shaped such that the film is formed into that shape and, when the suction force is high enough, the film breaks at its end thereby forming an aperture through the film.
  • Other film materials include PVC, polypropylene, polyesthers, polyethers, polyvinyl alcohols and other such as monolithic polymer film e.g. Hytrel TM film from DuPont, Corporation, USA. Films can also be treated to have an increased water repellency e.g. by Teflon TM, silicone, or other fluoride coatings or by residue integrated hydrophobicity increasing compounds such as fluoro carbons.
  • the apertures (53) form capillaries (54) which have side walls (56).
  • the capillaries extend away from the wearer facing surface of the film (55) for a length which typically should be at least in the order of magnitude of the largest diameter of the aperture while this distance can reach up to several times the largest aperture diameter.
  • the capillaries have a first opening (57) in the plane of the first surface of the film (55) and a second opening (58) which is the opening formed when the suction force (such as a vacuum) in the above mentioned process creates the aperture.
  • the edge of the second opening (58) may be rugged or uneven, comprising loose elements (70) extending from the edge of the opening as shown in Fig. 2 and 3.
  • the opening it is preferred that the opening be as smooth as possible so as not to create a capillary liquid transport force between the extending elements at the end of the second opening (58) and the capillary (54) aperture (53).
  • the first opening has a center point (157) and the second opening also has a center point (158).
  • These center points for non-circular openings are the area center points of the respective opening area.
  • a center axis (60) is defined.
  • This center axis (60) forms an angle (59) with the plain of the film which is the same plain as the first surface of the film (55). This angle should be preferably in the range between 85 and 20 degrees, more preferably between 65 degrees and 25 degrees, and most preferably between 55 and 30 degrees.
  • the capillaries can take the shape of a funnel such that the second opening (58) is (substantially) smaller than the first opening (57) when considering the opening size in a plain perpendicular to the center axis (60).
  • FIG 3. In figure 5 another embodiment of the capillaries useful for the present invention is shown which is curved along its length towards the second surface of the film (55).
  • FIG 6 another preferred embodiment of a capillary according to the present invention is shown which has a first portion (257) and a second portion (258).
  • the first portion (257) of the capillary is different in direction than the second portion (258) of the capillary (54).
  • This difference can also be in shape, size, and form of the portions of the capillary in order to achieve the desired level of airpermeability while preventing liquid passage through the film.
  • Such an example is shown in figure 7.
  • the second opening in accordance with the present invention, has to be directed away form the incident direction of rain.
  • the capillaries according to the present invention in the film layer of the breathable backsheet allow air and water vapour permeability which is not hindered by them being slanted at an angle or by the shape as indicated above.
  • the slanting and shaping according to the present invention will prevent or hinder liquid transport through the capillaries towards the inside of the article due to gravitational force.
  • the polyethylene film shown in figures 1 and 2 was used to compare the rain resistance relative to an umbrella nylon fabric.
  • the test is conducted in accordance with ASTM D3379 which is the standard test method for rain wear.
  • the test was conducted using a water resistance rain tester 35-1994 as a standard instrument developed by the American Association of Textile Chemist and Colorist (AATCC). This instrument is also used to investigate umbrella fabrics which are however usually tested according to ASGM D4112 as the standard test setup.
  • the instrument measures the resistance of a fabric or combination of fabrics to the penetration of water by impact to predict the rain penetration (or lack thereof).
  • the water penetration is indicated by the increase in weight of water penetrating through the test fabric.
  • the test is performed at different head pressures (rain strength)
  • the rain protection article can be used beneficially in the context of rain coats, roof barriers and all the other articles mentioned supra. It is therefore apparent to the skilled person that the respective rain barrier article should also have all those features and parts which are typical for products in the context of their intended use.
  • the capillaries extend from the first surface of the film.
  • the capillaries also allow free air circulation and extend from the first surface at an angle of less than 90° measured from the plain of the film.
  • the angle needs to direct the capillaries in an upward direction i.e., substantially against the gravitational force vector.
  • the capillaries are such that the opening in the second surface, which is exposed to rain is not larger than the opening at the end of the capillaries in order to prevent a capillary pumping surge action directed against gravitational forces.
  • the capillaries when extending from the first surface are on the inside of the rain protection article. Thereby any internal squeezing of the film surface causes the capillaries to temporarily collapse and close. Especially for rain coats or caps this allows to provide the whole article with capillaries e.g. under arms or on shoulders. It also provides a smooth outside which is appealing and the loose elements pointing to the inside reduce/prevent the appearance and sensation of plain plastic film touching the skin (for articles without inner liner) which is otherwise known to cause rejection of polymeric film garments.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
EP99112868A 1999-07-03 1999-07-03 Barrière de protection contre la pluie perméable à l'air et pourvue d'ouvertures capillaires inclinées Withdrawn EP1066764A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99112868A EP1066764A1 (fr) 1999-07-03 1999-07-03 Barrière de protection contre la pluie perméable à l'air et pourvue d'ouvertures capillaires inclinées
AU57816/00A AU5781600A (en) 1999-07-03 2000-06-30 Air permeable rain barrier comprising slanted capillary apertures
PCT/US2000/018055 WO2001001804A1 (fr) 1999-07-03 2000-06-30 Systeme impermeable a la pluie, permeable a l'air et comportant des ouvertures capillaires inclinees
EP00943331A EP1196051A1 (fr) 1999-07-03 2000-06-30 Systeme impermeable a la pluie, permeable a l'air et comportant des ouvertures capillaires inclinees

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP99112868A EP1066764A1 (fr) 1999-07-03 1999-07-03 Barrière de protection contre la pluie perméable à l'air et pourvue d'ouvertures capillaires inclinées

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1066764A1 true EP1066764A1 (fr) 2001-01-10

Family

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Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99112868A Withdrawn EP1066764A1 (fr) 1999-07-03 1999-07-03 Barrière de protection contre la pluie perméable à l'air et pourvue d'ouvertures capillaires inclinées
EP00943331A Withdrawn EP1196051A1 (fr) 1999-07-03 2000-06-30 Systeme impermeable a la pluie, permeable a l'air et comportant des ouvertures capillaires inclinees

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00943331A Withdrawn EP1196051A1 (fr) 1999-07-03 2000-06-30 Systeme impermeable a la pluie, permeable a l'air et comportant des ouvertures capillaires inclinees

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EP (2) EP1066764A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5781600A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001001804A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2401302A (en) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-10 Dewhirst Group Ltd Tailored apparel with moisture management
US10391736B2 (en) * 2013-06-11 2019-08-27 Chen-Cheng Huang Breathable and waterproof composite fabric and a method of making the same

Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE657775C (de) * 1938-03-12 Degea Akt Ges Auergesellschaft Elektroschutzanzug
DE929001C (de) * 1953-05-27 1955-06-16 Hans Klepper Oberbekleidungsstueck aus wasserdurchlaessigem Stoff
US3703432A (en) * 1970-11-18 1972-11-21 John T Koski Rainproof ventilated plastic sheet material for rainwear and method of making same
US3929135A (en) 1974-12-20 1975-12-30 Procter & Gamble Absorptive structure having tapered capillaries
US4151240A (en) 1976-10-19 1979-04-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for debossing and perforating a running ribbon of thermoplastic film
US4319868A (en) 1978-12-07 1982-03-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for embossing and perforating a running ribbon of thermoplastic film on a metallic pattern roll
US4324426A (en) 1980-03-10 1982-04-13 Transportation Security, Inc. Lock-protecting hasp
US4343314A (en) 1980-08-11 1982-08-10 Bohumir Sramek Non-invasive real time blood pressure measurement system
US4591523A (en) 1985-05-31 1986-05-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Apertured macroscopically expanded three-dimensional polymeric web exhibiting breatheability and resistance to fluid transmission
US4609518A (en) 1985-05-31 1986-09-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-phase process for debossing and perforating a polymeric web to coincide with the image of one or more three-dimensional forming structures
US4629643A (en) 1985-05-31 1986-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Microapertured polymeric web exhibiting soft and silky tactile impression
US4637819A (en) 1985-05-31 1987-01-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Macroscopically expanded three-dimensional polymeric web for transmitting both dynamically deposited and statically contacted fluids from one surface to the other
US4695422A (en) 1984-02-16 1987-09-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Production of formed material by solid-state formation with a high-pressure liquid stream
EP0293482A1 (fr) 1986-11-18 1988-12-07 MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. Tissu non tisse permeable aux gaz et impermeable a l'eau et procede de production
DE9318838U1 (de) * 1993-12-08 1994-02-10 George, Siegfried, Dr., 35435 Wettenberg Regenmantel, der luftdurchlässig, aber wasserundurchlässig ist
WO1996000548A1 (fr) 1994-06-30 1996-01-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Bandes a acheminement de fluide presentant des gradients d'energie superficielle
EP0704297A1 (fr) 1994-09-28 1996-04-03 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Membrane multicouche résistant à l'eau et ne laisant pas passer l'huile
US5591510A (en) 1994-06-14 1997-01-07 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Layered fabric material having angled capillaries
WO1997003818A1 (fr) 1995-07-24 1997-02-06 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Film avec capillaires a angles
WO1997003795A1 (fr) 1994-06-14 1997-02-06 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Crible de production d'un film perfore
US5897543A (en) 1994-06-14 1999-04-27 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Film

Patent Citations (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE657775C (de) * 1938-03-12 Degea Akt Ges Auergesellschaft Elektroschutzanzug
DE929001C (de) * 1953-05-27 1955-06-16 Hans Klepper Oberbekleidungsstueck aus wasserdurchlaessigem Stoff
US3703432A (en) * 1970-11-18 1972-11-21 John T Koski Rainproof ventilated plastic sheet material for rainwear and method of making same
US3929135A (en) 1974-12-20 1975-12-30 Procter & Gamble Absorptive structure having tapered capillaries
US4151240A (en) 1976-10-19 1979-04-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Method for debossing and perforating a running ribbon of thermoplastic film
US4319868A (en) 1978-12-07 1982-03-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Apparatus for embossing and perforating a running ribbon of thermoplastic film on a metallic pattern roll
US4324426A (en) 1980-03-10 1982-04-13 Transportation Security, Inc. Lock-protecting hasp
US4343314A (en) 1980-08-11 1982-08-10 Bohumir Sramek Non-invasive real time blood pressure measurement system
US4695422A (en) 1984-02-16 1987-09-22 The Procter & Gamble Company Production of formed material by solid-state formation with a high-pressure liquid stream
US4629643A (en) 1985-05-31 1986-12-16 The Procter & Gamble Company Microapertured polymeric web exhibiting soft and silky tactile impression
US4609518A (en) 1985-05-31 1986-09-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Multi-phase process for debossing and perforating a polymeric web to coincide with the image of one or more three-dimensional forming structures
US4637819A (en) 1985-05-31 1987-01-20 The Procter & Gamble Company Macroscopically expanded three-dimensional polymeric web for transmitting both dynamically deposited and statically contacted fluids from one surface to the other
US4591523A (en) 1985-05-31 1986-05-27 The Procter & Gamble Company Apertured macroscopically expanded three-dimensional polymeric web exhibiting breatheability and resistance to fluid transmission
EP0293482A1 (fr) 1986-11-18 1988-12-07 MITSUI TOATSU CHEMICALS, Inc. Tissu non tisse permeable aux gaz et impermeable a l'eau et procede de production
DE9318838U1 (de) * 1993-12-08 1994-02-10 George, Siegfried, Dr., 35435 Wettenberg Regenmantel, der luftdurchlässig, aber wasserundurchlässig ist
US5591510A (en) 1994-06-14 1997-01-07 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Layered fabric material having angled capillaries
WO1997003795A1 (fr) 1994-06-14 1997-02-06 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Crible de production d'un film perfore
US5897543A (en) 1994-06-14 1999-04-27 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Film
WO1996000548A1 (fr) 1994-06-30 1996-01-11 The Procter & Gamble Company Bandes a acheminement de fluide presentant des gradients d'energie superficielle
EP0704297A1 (fr) 1994-09-28 1996-04-03 W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Membrane multicouche résistant à l'eau et ne laisant pas passer l'huile
WO1997003818A1 (fr) 1995-07-24 1997-02-06 Tredegar Industries, Inc. Film avec capillaires a angles

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2401302A (en) * 2003-05-06 2004-11-10 Dewhirst Group Ltd Tailored apparel with moisture management
US10391736B2 (en) * 2013-06-11 2019-08-27 Chen-Cheng Huang Breathable and waterproof composite fabric and a method of making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1196051A1 (fr) 2002-04-17
AU5781600A (en) 2001-01-22
WO2001001804A1 (fr) 2001-01-11

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