EP1060323B1 - Bohrschlammzirkulation während erdbohrens - Google Patents

Bohrschlammzirkulation während erdbohrens Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1060323B1
EP1060323B1 EP97950521A EP97950521A EP1060323B1 EP 1060323 B1 EP1060323 B1 EP 1060323B1 EP 97950521 A EP97950521 A EP 97950521A EP 97950521 A EP97950521 A EP 97950521A EP 1060323 B1 EP1060323 B1 EP 1060323B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mud
pipe string
pipe
head
string
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97950521A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1060323A1 (de
Inventor
Gustaaf Louis Van Wechem
Thomas Walburgis Bakker
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
Original Assignee
Well Engineering Partners BV
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Filing date
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Publication of EP1060323A1 publication Critical patent/EP1060323A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1060323B1 publication Critical patent/EP1060323B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/01—Arrangements for handling drilling fluids or cuttings outside the borehole, e.g. mud boxes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the introduction of a pipe string including serially connected pipe sections in a lithosphere bore hole involving circulation of mud through the pipe string. Such operations occur for instance in the course of drilling or lining oil or gas wells.
  • Drilling for oil or gas and lining of the well typically involves the introduction of a large number of pipe sections or stands such as drill pipe sections and casing pipe sections into the well.
  • the sections are each time connected to a pipe string composed of sections projecting into the well after having been brought into line with the pipe string.
  • Each section may be formed by a single joint or by a plurality of joints which have been connected to each other before being connected to the pipe string.
  • the pipe string is typically rotated while mud is being fed to the pipe string for instance to drive a mud motor connected to a drill bit at the extreme end of the pipe string and/or, as a lubricant, to facilitate introduction of the pipe string into the bore hole. It is also known to circulate mud during introduction of a drill string in a previously bored hole (tripping) and during introduction of a casing string to wash down the casing string.
  • Couplings between the pipe string and pipe sections to be added to the pipe string are typically made by screwing the pipe sections onto the pipe string each time the pipe string has been introduced into the bore hole over a predetermined distance corresponding to the length of a previously added pipe section.
  • the efficiency and effectivity of such operations is substantially impaired by the interruptions of the mud flow required to connect or disconnect the next section.
  • This is of particular importance because the drilling of a bore hole typically involves a plurality of tripping operations (extracting and re-introducing the pipe string) for inspection or replacement of the drill bit.
  • Each tripping operation includes the disconnection and connection of about 50-300 sections. More specifically, stopping the mud flow has various adverse effects such as gelation of mud in the bore hole and an increase of the risk of the pipe string getting stuck in the bore hole.
  • US 3 559 739 A discloses a system comprising a traditional power swivel and an auxiliary chamber, which surrounds the joint to be broken and permits to feed mud in the drillstring when the power swivel is disconnected.
  • this object is achieved by providing a method for introducing a pipe string into a bore hole in the lithosphere, in which mud is fed via a mud circulation structure to a trailing end of the pipe string and canalised through the pipe string to a leading end of the pipe string as the pipe string is fed into the bore hole, wherein, each time the pipe string has been displaced into the lithosphere over a predetermined distance, a connecting cycle is started.
  • This connecting cycle includes the steps of: connecting one mud head of the mud circulation structure to a pipe section to be connected; disconnecting another mud head of the mud circulation structure from the pipe string; and subsequently connecting the pipe section connected to the mud head to the pipe string.
  • a next connection cycle includes the step of connecting the other mud head to a next pipe section to be connected to the pipe string.
  • a mud circulation structure for circulating mud to a pipe string projecting into a bore hole in the lithosphere, including: a mud pump, at least two mud heads, at least one conduit for directing mud from the mud pump to and through each of the mud heads, and means for shutting off the mud flow conduit for alternately directing the mud flow through each one of the mud heads.
  • the time during which the mud circulation structure is disconnected from the pipe string can be reduced substantially. In turn, this facilitates restarting of the mud circulation and reduces friction and wear if the pipe string is rotated continuously during connection of a pipe section as well.
  • the other mud head is connected to the pipe section to be connected before the mud head on the trailing end of the pipe string has been removed.
  • a particular embodiment of the invention is formed by a drilling rig for lithosphere drilling including a mud circulation structure as described above, a structure for moving a pipe string along a pipe string axis and a mud head guide structure for guiding the mud heads along a circulating path including a section co-axial with the pipe string axis.
  • a mud head is guided along the section of the circulating path which is co-axial with the pipe string axis, a top end of a newly connected pipe section can be guided until it is engaged by a pipe section engaging structure.
  • the mud heads can in principle also be guided for movement to and fro between ends of separate paths.
  • a drilling rig for lithosphere drilling including a mud circulation structure as described above and a pipe string drive unit for driving rotation of a pipe string axially projecting into a bore hole in the lithosphere
  • which pipe string drive unit includes: a pipe string engagement structure for circumferentially engaging the pipe string; and a pipe string drive including a drive motor operatively coupled to the pipe string engagement structure and to a rotationally fixed support structure for driving rotation of the pipe string engagement structure.
  • the pipe string drive unit has a continuous passage for receiving a portion of the pipe string.
  • a presently most preferred example of a rotary drilling rig for drilling into the lithosphere and more in particular for drilling and lining oil and gas wells is schematically depicted in successive stages of an operation of adding a pipe section 1 - in this case a single joint pipe section - to a pipe string 2. Further pipe sections 1' and 1'' are stored in a pipe section dispenser 3 aside the pipe string 2.
  • the drilling rig has a well head 4. Above the well head 4, a rotatable clamp 9 is mounted to a vertically movable, lower drilling table (not shown). In the situation shown in Fig. 1, the pipe string 2 is releasably suspended from the clamp 9. The clamp 9 is connected to a drive 10 for driving rotation of the pipe string 2 with a torque of up to about 15,000 - 25,000 Nm.
  • the design of the clamping section of the clamp 9 can in principle be similar to that of conventional spiders for stationary mounting on a rig floor.
  • a pipe coupling unit 11 is mounted to an upper drilling table (not shown) which is vertically movable as well.
  • the pipe coupling unit 11 has a pipe section clasping structure 12 for engaging the pipe section 1.
  • the pipe coupling unit 11 is further provided with a pipe string clasping structure 13, for engaging the pipe string 2, which structure 13 is located coaxial with the pipe section clasping structure 12 and in a position axially different from the position of the pipe section clasping structure 12.
  • the pipe coupling unit 11 also forms a pipe string drive unit.
  • this unit will however be referred to as pipe coupling unit 11.
  • the designs of the pipe section clasping structure 12 and of the pipe string clasping structure 13 can for instance be essentially identical to that of a known spider or elevator with active power assisted clamping to ensure sufficient traction also if the pipe string is still short and therefore of light weight.
  • both clasping structures are capable of transferring a make-up torque of about 50,000 to 120,000 Nm to the respective engaged pipe portions.
  • the pipe section clasping structure 12 should preferably be capable of retaining pipe sections against axial loads of at least 2,500 to 3,000 kg.
  • the pipe string clasping structure 13 should be able to carry the whole weight of a pipe string suspended in a bore hole, which can be up to about 500,000 kg for a casing string when the string is at its full length.
  • a pipe string drive and a pipe section drive including drive motors are provided for rotating the pipe string clasping structure 13 and for rotating the pipe section clasping structure 12 relative to the pipe string clasping structure 13, a pipe string drive and a pipe section drive including drive motors are provided.
  • these drives reference is made to applicant's co-pending PCT application entitled “Making and breaking of couplings between pipe sections in a drilling rig", which has the same filing date as the present application.
  • a mud circulating structure including: a mud pump 14, two mud heads 15, 16, a conduit 17 for directing mud from the mud pump 14 to each of the mud heads 15, 16; and valves 19 (see Fig. 8) for shutting off the mud flow conduit 17 for alternately preventing mud flow through each of the mud heads 15, 16.
  • the valves 19 also form blow-out preventers.
  • the mud head includes a head portion 20 in which a connecting portion 21 is suspended rotatably by a sealed bearing 22.
  • a passage leading to a buffer 49 meets the conduit 17.
  • a pipe handler 34 is provided for transferring pipe sections 1 from the dispenser 3 to the proximal end of the pipe string 2 projecting into a bore hole in the lithosphere and vice versa.
  • This pipe handler 34 includes a pipe section engagement structure 35 for releasably engaging pipe sections to be transferred.
  • a lift unit (not shown) is provided which is guided by vertical guide rails.
  • the pipe section handler 34 further includes a drive, schematically depicted by square 40 connected to the pipe section engagement structure 35 for driving rotation of that pipe section engagement structure 35.
  • a drive schematically depicted by square 40 connected to the pipe section engagement structure 35 for driving rotation of that pipe section engagement structure 35.
  • the pipe section engagement structure 35 and the drive 40 are of essentially the same design as that of a conventional Iron Roughneck.
  • the skilled person will appreciate that many other possibilities of driving rotation of the pipe section engagement structure 35 of the pipe section handler 34 are possible.
  • the pipe section handler 34 further includes a stabilising arm 41 projecting under the pipe section engagement structure 35 and having a gripper 42 adjacent its lower end. This arm 41 prevents substantial pendular motion of a pipe section 1 retained in the pipe section engagement structure 35.
  • the mud heads 15, 16 are guided by a mud head guide track 36 for guiding the mud heads 15, 16 along a circulating path including a section 37 co-axial with the pipe string axis.
  • the mud head 16 is guided by the vertical portion 37 as the pipe string 2 progresses into the earth.
  • the pipe string clasping structure 13 is brought into engagement with the proximal end of the pipe string 2 and takes over the function of driving the pipe string. Subsequently, the lower drill table 5 is returned to its upper take-over position. This position of the clamp 9 is shown in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 2 further shows the operation of connecting the mud head 15 to the pipe section 1 to be connected to the string 2.
  • the pipe section 1 is spun relative to the mud head 15 and thereby screwed to the mud head 15.
  • the pipe section is driven with a torque up to a predetermined make-up torque.
  • the pipe coupling unit 11 and the clamp 9 are gradually lowered while the pipe section 1 is transferred to a position in line with the pipe string 2. Then, the mud flow towards the mud head 16 connected to the pipe string 2 is interrupted by closing the valve 19. This is represented in Fig. 3 by the outlined portion of an initially dark portion of the conduit 17. Immediately after the mud flow to the mud head 16 is interrupted, the mud head 16 is disconnected from the pipe string by means of the pipe coupling unit 11.
  • the pipe section 1 has reached a position in line with the pipe string 2, but still remote thereof.
  • the mud head 16 is being removed from between the pipe section 1 and the pipe string 2, so that the pipe section 1 can be connected to the pipe string 2.
  • the pipe section 1 to be coupled to the pipe string 2 has been accelerated by the drive 40 to substantially the same rotational velocity as the rotational velocity of the pipe string 2 and the pipe section 1 is lowered until its lower coupling end is introduced into the pipe section clasping structure 12 (Fig. 5).
  • the pipe section clasping structure 12 is operated to engage the pipe section 1 and the pipe section engagement structure 35 of the pipe handler is released from the pipe section 1.
  • the pipe coupling unit rotates the pipe section 1 relative to the pipe string 2 to make the connection between these parts 1, 2.
  • the rotating spider clamp 9 is brought into engagement with the pipe string 2 and takes over the function of driving and carrying the pipe string 2 from the pipe coupling unit 11, and the mud flow through the mud head is started immediately. Because it is not necessary to move the removed mud head to the free end of the connected pipe string and to connect that mud head before the mud flow can be restarted, the downtime of the mud flow at each connection can be reduced substantially. In particular if the pipe string is rotated continuously, the reduced downtime of the mud flow while an additional pipe section is being connected thereto, substantially reduces wear and disturbances of mechanical and hydrodynamic equilibrium in the bore hole.
  • the pipe handler 34 is moved away from the pipe string 2 in a direction radial to the string 2.
  • the pipe coupling unit 11 is moved upward along the added pipe section 1.
  • the pipe string is oriented vertically, but that the pipe string can also be oriented in a slanting or even horizontal orientation.
  • Mud fed by the mud pump can for instance be returned to the mud pump via a return conduit.
  • a mud buffer storage 43 is provided downstream of the mud pump 14. Because mud supplied by the mud pump 14 is buffered between the pump 14 and the mud head or mud heads in a time interval between disconnection of one of the mud heads 15, 16 from the string 2 and connection of the pipe section 1 connected to the other one of the mud heads 16, 15 to the string 2, a volume of mud is collected which is pressed through the conduit immediately after the connection between the conduit 17 and the string is re-established. Thus, a quicker build-up of mud circulation is obtained after interruption of the mud circulation.
  • the mud buffer storage 43 is provided with a mud storage chamber 44 and a chamber 45 filled with nitrogen or another suitable gas.
  • the chambers are separated by a membrane 46. While the mud supply structure is disconnected from the string 2, the mud storage chamber 44 expands and is filled with mud against the pressure of the gas in the chamber 45. As soon as the connection between the conduit 17 and the string 2 is re-established, the gas presses the stored mud out of the chamber buffer 43, so that the output of the mud circulation structure is temporarily boosted.
  • support baffles 54, 55 with grids of passages are provided to support the membrane 46 in its extreme end conditions.
  • the conduit 17 has two conduit branches 47, 48, each directing to one of said mud heads 15, 16. This provides a simple and effective connection between the mud heads 15, 16 and the mud pump 14.
  • the mud circulation structure further includes two mud buffer storages 49, 50 (Figs. 1-6 and 8), each communicating with one of the branches 47, 48 closely upstream of the shut-off valves at the mud heads 15, 16.
  • these two mud buffer storages 49, 50 each include a mud chamber 51 and a gas-filled chamber 52 separated from the mud chamber 51 by a membrane 53.
  • Baffles 56, 57 are mounted in the chambers 51, 53 to limit deformation of the membrane 52.
  • mud is alternately fed via one and the other of the mud heads 15, 16.
  • mud is fed towards and buffered near said first mud head 15 while mud is being fed via the other mud head 16.
  • mud is fed towards and buffered near the other mud head 16 while mud is being fed via the first mud head 15.
  • the main purpose of these buffer storages 49, 50 is to dampen shut-off and release shocks in the mud circulation structure when the valves 19 in the mud heads 15, 16 are opened or closed.
  • Buffering in buffer storages communicating with the branches 47, 48 furthermore provides the advantage that a quick boosting effect is achieved because little pressure is lost between the buffer and the mud head and little mud has to be accelerated after the valve 19 has been opened to restart the mud flow through the respective mud head 15, 16.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zum Einführen eines Rohrstrangs (2) in ein Bohrloch in der Lithosphäre, bei dem Schlamm über eine Schlammzirkulationsstruktur einem proximalen Ende eines Rohrstrangs (2) zugeführt wird und durch den Rohrstrang (2) zu einem distalen Ende des Rohrstrangs (2) kanalisiert wird, während der Rohrstrang (2) in das Bohrloch eingeführt wird,
    wobei jedes Mal, wenn der Rohrstrang (2) über eine vorbestimmte Strecke in die Lithosphäre vorgetrieben worden ist, ein Verbindungszyklus gestartet wird, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass der Verbindungszyklus die folgenden Schritte enthält:
    Verbinden eines Schlamm-Kopfs (15,16) der Schlammzirkulationsstruktur mit einem zu verbindenden Rohrabschnitt (1);
    Lösen eines anderen Schlamm-Kopfs (16,15) der Schlammzirkulationsstruktur von dem Rohrstrang (2); und
    anschließendes Verbinden des mit dem Schlamm-Kopf (15,16) verbundenen Rohrabschnitts (1) mit dem Rohrstrang (2);
    wobei ein nächster Verbindungszyklus den Schritt des Verbindens des anderen Schlamm-Kopfs (16,15) mit einem nächsten mit dem Rohrstrang (2) zu verbindenden Rohrabschnitt (1) enthält.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei dem eine Schlammpumpe (14) der Schlammzirkulationsstruktur kontinuierlich aktiv ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, bei dem von der Schlammpumpe (14) zugeführter Schlamm zwischen der Pumpe (14) und mindestens einem der Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16) in einem Zeitintervall zwischen dem Lösen eines der Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16) von dem Rohrstrang (2) und dem Verbinden des mit dem anderen der Schlamm-Köpfe (16,15) verbundenen Rohrabschnitts (1) mit dem Rohrstrang (2) gepuffert wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, bei dem Schlamm alternierend über einen und den anderen der Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16) zugeführt wird und bei dem in einem ersten Betriebszustand Schlamm zu dem einen Schlamm-Kopf (15,16) hin zugeführt und nahe diesem gepuffert wird, während Schlamm über den anderen Schlamm-Kopf (16,15) zugeführt wird, während in einem zweiten, alternativen Betriebszustand Schlamm zu dem anderen Schlamm-Kopf (16,15) hin zugeführt und nahe diesem gepuffert wird, während Schlamm über den einen Schlamm-Kopf (15,16) zugeführt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem der Rohrstrang (2) kontinuierlich gedreht wird.
  6. Bohranlage zum Lithosphäre-Bohren, mit einer Einrichtung zum Bewegen eines Rohrstrangs (2) entlang einer Rohrstrangachse, und mit einer Schlammzirkulationsstruktur zum zirkulierenden Bewegen von Schlamm zu einem Rohrstrang (2), der in ein Bohrloch in der Lithosphäre ragt, wobei die Schlammzirkulationsstruktur aufweist:
    eine Schlammpumpe (14);
    mindestens zwei Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16);
    mindestens eine Leitung (17) zum Leiten von Schlamm aus der Schlammpumpe (14) zu jedem der Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16) und durch diesen hindurch; und
    eine Einrichtung zum Schließen der Schlammströmungsleitung (17) zwecks alternierenden Leitens der Schlammströmung durch jeden der Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16),
    gekennzeichnet durch eine Schlammkopf-Führungsstruktur (36) zum Führen jedes der Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16) entlang eines Wegs, der einen koaxial mit der Rohrstrangachse verlaufenen Abschnitt (37) enthält.
  7. Bohranlage nach Anspruch 6, bei der die Schlammzirkulationsstruktur ferner mindestens einen Schlammpufferspeicher (43,49,50) stromabwärts der Schlammpumpe (14) aufweist.
  8. Bohranlage nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, bei der der mindestens eine Schlammpufferspelcher (43,49,50) eine Schlammkammer (44,51) und eine elastische Struktur (45,46,52,53) zum Ausüben eines elastischen Rücklaufdrucks aufweist, welcher der Aufweitung der Schlammkammer (44,51) entgegenwirkt.
  9. Bohranlage nach einem der Ansprüche 6-8, bei der die Schlammzirkulationsstruktur ferner mindestens zwei Abzweigleitungen (47,48) aufweist, von denen jede zu einem der Schlamm-Köpfe (15,16) führt.
  10. Bohranlage nach Anspruch 9, bei der die Schlammzirkulationsstruktur ferner mindestens zwei Schlammpufferspeicher (49,50) aufweist, von denen jeder mit einem der Abzweige verbunden ist.
  11. Bohranlage nach einem der Ansprüche 6-10 und Rohrstrang-Antriebseinheit zur Antriebsdrehung eines Rohrstrangs (2), der axial in ein Bohrloch in der Lithosphäre vorsteht, wobei die Rohrstrang-Antriebseinheit (11) aufweist:
    eine Rohrstrang-Angriffsstruktur (13) zum umfangsmäßigen Angreifen an dem Rohrstrang (2); und
    einen Rohrstrang-Antrieb mit einem Antriebsmotor, der zur Antriebs-Drehung der Rohrstrang (2) - Angriffsstruktur betriebsmäßig mit der Rohrstrang (2) - Angriffsstruktur verbunden ist,
    wobei die Rohrstrang-Antriebseinheit (11) einen durchgehenden Durchlass zur Aufnahme eines Teils des Rohrstrangs (2) aufweist.
EP97950521A 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Bohrschlammzirkulation während erdbohrens Expired - Lifetime EP1060323B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/NL1997/000726 WO1999034091A1 (en) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Mud circulation for lithosphere drilling

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1060323A1 EP1060323A1 (de) 2000-12-20
EP1060323B1 true EP1060323B1 (de) 2002-07-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97950521A Expired - Lifetime EP1060323B1 (de) 1997-12-24 1997-12-24 Bohrschlammzirkulation während erdbohrens

Country Status (6)

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EP (1) EP1060323B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE220759T1 (de)
AU (1) AU5349698A (de)
DE (1) DE69714091T2 (de)
DK (1) DK1060323T3 (de)
WO (1) WO1999034091A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2346576B (en) 1999-01-28 2003-08-13 Weatherford Lamb A rotary and a method for facilitating the connection of pipes
EP1222356B1 (de) 1999-09-21 2004-11-24 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Verfahren und vorrichtung zum bewegen eines rohres im bohrloch
US6412554B1 (en) 2000-03-14 2002-07-02 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Wellbore circulation system

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3559739A (en) * 1969-06-20 1971-02-02 Chevron Res Method and apparatus for providing continuous foam circulation in wells
US4315553A (en) * 1980-08-25 1982-02-16 Stallings Jimmie L Continuous circulation apparatus for air drilling well bore operations
US4683944A (en) * 1985-05-06 1987-08-04 Innotech Energy Corporation Drill pipes and casings utilizing multi-conduit tubulars
DE19512076A1 (de) * 1995-04-03 1996-10-10 Klaus Obermann Gmbh Erd-Bohrgerät

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69714091T2 (de) 2003-03-06
WO1999034091A1 (en) 1999-07-08
DK1060323T3 (da) 2002-11-11
EP1060323A1 (de) 2000-12-20
AU5349698A (en) 1999-07-19
DE69714091D1 (de) 2002-08-22
ATE220759T1 (de) 2002-08-15

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