Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
  • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
  • C23G5/02—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents
  • C23G5/028—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C23G5/02803—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents using organic solvents containing halogenated hydrocarbons containing fluorine
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/149—Mixtures of blowing agents covered by more than one of the groups C08J9/141 - C08J9/143
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
  • C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
  • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
  • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
  • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
  • C11D7/5068—Mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents
  • C11D7/5072—Mixtures of only hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
  • C11D7/5068—Mixtures of halogenated and non-halogenated solvents
  • C11D7/5077—Mixtures of only oxygen-containing solvents
  • C11D7/5086—Mixtures of only oxygen-containing solvents the oxygen-containing solvents being different from alcohols, e.g. mixtures of water and ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
  • C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
  • C08J2203/142—Halogenated saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. H3C-CF3
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
  • C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/11—Ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/32—The mixture being azeotropic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/24—Hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/26—Organic compounds containing oxygen
  • C11D7/263—Ethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
  • C11D7/28—Organic compounds containing halogen

Definitions

• compositions that include 1,1,1,3,3 -pentafluoropropane and one hydrocarbon selected from cyclohexane, 2 , 2-dimethylbutane, 2,3 -dimethylbutane, 2, 3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, heptane, methylcyclopentane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, or dimethyl ether.
• compositions are useful as cleaning agents, expansion agents for forming polymer foams, active ingredients in aerosol formulations, refrigerants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents, and displacement drying agents .
• a refrigerant In refrigeration applications, a refrigerant is often lost during operation through leaks in shaft seals, hose connections, soldered joints and broken lines. In addition, the refrigerant may be released to the atmosphere during maintenance procedures on refrigeration equipment. If the refrigerant is not a pure component or an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition, the refrigerant composition may change when leaked or discharged to the atmosphere from the refrigeration equipment, which may cause the refrigerant to become flammable or to have poor refrigeration performance .
• a single fluorinated hydrocarbon or an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition that includes one or more fluorinated hydrocarbons .
• Fluorinated hydrocarbons may also be used as a cleaning agent or solvent to clean, for example, electronic circuit boards. It is desirable that the cleaning agents be azeotropic or azeotrope-like because in vapor degreasing operations the cleaning agent is generally redistilled and reused for final rinse cleaning.
• Fluorinated hydrocarbons may also be useful as blowing agents in the manufacture of close-cell polyurethane, phenolic and thermoplastic foams. Insulating foams require blowing agents not only to foam the polymer, but more importantly to utilize the low vapor thermal conductivity of the blowing agents, which is an important characteristic for insulation value .
• Aerosol compositions generally comprise an active ingredient and a propellant, wherein the propellant is a compound such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons (e.g., trifluoromethane, 1, 1-difluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane) , ether (e.g., dimethyl ether), hydrocarbons (e.g., propane, butane, iso-butane) , or mixtures thereof. All such aerosol products utilize the pressure of a propellant gas or a mixture of propellant gases to expel the active ingredients from an aerosol container.
• the propellant is a compound such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbons (e.g., trifluoromethane, 1, 1-difluoroethane, 1, 1, 1, 2-tetrafluoroethane) , ether (e.g., dimethyl ether), hydrocarbons (e.g., propane, butane, iso-butane) , or mixture
• aerosols employ liquefied gases which vaporize and provide the pressure to propel the active ingredients when the valve on the aerosol container is opened.
• Such aerosol compositions containing the present azeotrope-like composition are useful as industrial products such as cleaners, and in the delivery of lubricants and mold release agents, and further in automotive products such as cleaners and polishes.
• compositions may also find utility as heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids such as for heat pumps, inert media for polymerization reactions, fluids for removing particulates from metal surfaces, and as carrier fluids that may be used, for example, to place a fine film of lubricant on metal parts .
• compositions may also find utility as buffing abrasive detergents to remove buffing abrasive compounds from polished surfaces such as metal, as displacement drying agents for removing surface water such as from jewelry or metal parts, as resist-developers in conventional circuit manufacturing techniques employing chlorine-type developing agents, and as strippers for photoresists when used with, for example, a chlorohydrocarbon such as 1,1,1- trichloroethane or trichloroethylene .
• the mixtures are useful as resist developers, where chlorine-type developers would be used, and as resist stripping agents with the addition of appropriate halocarbons .
• the present invention relates to the discovery of compositions of 1, 1, 1, 3 , 3-pentafluoropropane and a hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane, 2, 2 -dimethylbutane, 2, 3 -dimethylbutane, 2, 3-dimethylpentane,
• compositions are useful as refrigerants, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, cleaning agents, active ingredients in aerosol formulations, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents and displacement drying agents.
• the invention relates to the discovery of binary azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions comprising effective amounts of 1, 1, 1, 3, 3 -pentafluoropropane and a hydrocarbon selected from cyclohexane, 2, 2-dimethylbutane, 2, 3 -dimethylbutane, 2, 3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, heptane, methylcyclopentane, 2-methylpentane, 3 -methylpentane and dimethylether to form an azeotropic or azeotrope-like composition.
• a hydrocarbon selected from cyclohexane, 2, 2-dimethylbutane, 2, 3 -dimethylbutane, 2, 3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, heptane, methylcyclopentane, 2-methylpentane, 3 -methylpentane and dimethylether to form an azeotropic or azeotrope
• the present invention related to the discovery of compositions of 1, 1, 1, 3 , 3-pentafluoropropane (HFC- 245fa, CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2 , normal boiling point of 15°C) and a hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane (cyclo- (CH 2 ) 6 , normal boiling point of 81°C) , 2 , 2-dimethylbutane (CH 3 C(CH 3 ) 2 CH 2 CH 3 , normal boiling point of 50°C) , 2, 3 -dimethylbutane (CH 3 CH(CH 3 ) CH (CH 3 ) CH 3 , normal boiling point of 58°C) , 2 , 3-dimethylpentane (CH 3 CH(CH 3 )CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CH 3 , normal boiling point of 90°C) , 3-ethylpentane (CH 3 CH(CH 2 CH 3 ) CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , normal boiling point of 93°C) , heptane (
• each of the components of the compositions can be used as refrigerants, expansion agents for polyolefins and polyurethanes, cleaning agents, aerosol propellants, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, fire extinguishing agents, power cycle working fluids, polymerization media, particulate removal fluids, carrier fluids, buffing abrasive agents and displacement drying agents.
• the present invention also relates to the discovery that effective amounts of each of the above mixtures form azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions .
• an azeotropic composition is meant a constant boiling liquid admixture of two or more substances that behaves as a single substance.
• One way to characterize an azeotropic composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without compositional change.
• Constant boiling compositions are characterized as azeotropic because they exhibit either a maximum or minimum boiling point, as compared with that of the non-azeotropic mixtures of the same components.
• an azeotrope-like composition is meant a constant boiling, or substantially constant boiling, liquid admixture of two or more substances that behaves as a single substance.
• One way to characterize an azeotrope-like composition is that the vapor produced by partial evaporation or distillation of the liquid has substantially the same composition as the liquid from which it was evaporated or distilled, that is, the admixture distills/refluxes without substantial composition change.
• the bubble point vapor pressure and the dew point vapor pressure of the composition at a particular temperature are substantially the same.
• a composition is azeotrope-like if, after 50 weight percent of the composition is removed such as by evaporation or boiling off, the difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the original composition has been removed is less than 10 percent, when measured in absolute units.
• absolute units it is meant measurements of pressure and, for example, psia, atmospheres, bars, torr, dynes per square centimeter, millimeters of mercury, inches of water and other equivalent units well known in the art. If an azeotrope is present, there is no difference in vapor pressure between the original composition and the composition remaining after 50 weight percent of the original composition has been removed.
• compositions that are azeotropic there is usually some range of compositions around the azeotrope point that, for a maximum boiling azeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure higher than the pure components of the composition at that pressure and have vapor pressures at a particular temperature lower than the pure components of the composition at that temperature, and that, for a minimum boiling azeotrope, have boiling points at a particular pressure lower than the pure components of the composition at that pressure and have vapor pressures at a particular temperature higher than the pure components of the composition at that temperature.
• Boiling temperatures and vapor pressures above or below that of the pure components are caused by unexpected intermolecular forces between and among the molecules of the compositions, which can be a combination of repulsive and attractive forces such as van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding.
• compositions that have a maximum or minimum boiling point at a particular pressure, or a maximum or minimum vapor pressure at a particular temperature may or may not be coextensive with the range of compositions that have a change in vapor pressure of less than about 10% when 50 weight percent of the composition is evaporated.
• Substantially constant boiling, azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions of this invention comprise the following (all compositions are measured at 25°C) : COMPON.ENTS WEIGHT RANGES PREFERRED
• effective amount is defined as the amount of each component of the inventive compositions which, when combined, results in the formation of an azeotropic or azeotrope- like composition.
• This definition includes the amounts of each component, which amounts may vary depending on the pressure applied to the composition so long as the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions continue to exist at the different pressures, but with possible different boiling points.
• effective amount includes the amounts, such as may be expressed in weight percentages, of each component of the compositions of the instant invention which form azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions at temperatures or pressures other than as described herein.
• azeotropic or constant-boiling is intended to mean also essentially azeotropic or essentially-constant boiling.
• included within the meaning of these terms are not only the true azeotropes described above, but also other compositions containing the same components in different proportions, which are true azeotropes at other temperatures and pressures, as well as those equivalent compositions which are part of the same azeotropic system and are azeotrope-like in their properties.
• compositions which contain the same components as the azeotrope, which will not only exhibit essentially equivalent properties for refrigeration and other applications, but which will also exhibit essentially equivalent properties to the true azeotropic composition in terms of constant boiling characteristics or tendency not to segregate or fractionate on boiling.
• composition can be defined as an azeotrope of A, B, C (and D%) since the very term "azeotrope" is at once both definitive and limitative, and requires that effective amounts of A, B, C (and D%) for this unique composition of matter which is a constant boiling composition.
• composition can be defined as a particular weight percent relationship or mole percent relationship of A, B, C (and D%), while recognizing that such specific values point out only one particular relationship and that in actuality, a series of such relationships, represented by A, B, C (and D%) actually exist for a given azeotrope, varied by the influence of pressure.
• An azeotrope of A, B, C (and D%) can be characterized by defining the compositions as an azeotrope characterized by a boiling point at a given pressure, thus giving identifying characteristics without unduly limiting the scope of the invention by a specific numerical composition, which is limited by and is only as accurate as the analytical equipment available .
• the azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions of the present invention can be prepared by any convenient method including mixing or combining the desired amounts .
• a preferred method is to weigh the desired component amounts and thereafter combine them in an appropriate container.
• a vessel is charged with an initial composition at 25°C, and the initial vapor pressure of the composition is measured.
• the composition is allowed to leak from the vessel, while the temperature is held constant at 25°C, 50 weight percent of the initial composition is removed, at which time the vapor pressure of the composition remaining in the vessel is measured.
• HFC-245fa/DME 99/1 21.9 151 21.7 150 0.9 95/5 24.1 166 22.8 157 5.4 92/8 26.2 181 23.7 163 9.5
• compositions of HFC- 245fa and 2, 2 -dimethylbutane are azeotropic or azeotrope-like at different temperatures, but that the weight percents of the components vary as the temperature is changed.
• E.XAMPLE 4 The following table shows the performance of various refrigerants . The data are based on the following conditions.
• hydrofluorocarbon alkanes having a boiling point of about -60 to 100°C
• hydrofluoropropanes having a boiling point of between about -60 to 100°C
• hydrocarbon esters having a boiling point between about -60 to 100°C
• hydrochlorofluorocarbons having a boiling point between about -60 to 100°C
• hydrofluorocarbons having a boiling point of about -60 to 100°C hydrochlorocarbons having a boiling point between about -60 to 100°C
• chlorocarbons and perfluorinated compounds can be added in small amounts to the azeotropic or azeotrope-like compositions described above without substantially changing the properties thereof, including the constant boiling behavior, of the compositions.
• Additives such as lubricants, corrosion inhibitors, surfactants, stabilizers, dyes and other appropriate materials may be added to the novel compositions of the invention for a variety of purposes provide they do not have an adverse influence on the composition for its intended application.
• Preferred lubricants include esters having a molecular weight greater than 250.

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• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
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• 1999
  • 1999-01-14 EP EP99901465A patent/EP1047746A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-01-14 WO PCT/US1999/000746 patent/WO1999036486A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-01-14 AU AU21154/99A patent/AU2115499A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-01-15 AR ARP990100147 patent/AR014318A1/es unknown

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