Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/30—Multi-ply
  • D21H27/40—Multi-ply at least one of the sheets being non-planar, e.g. crêped
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F1/00—Mechanical deformation without removing material, e.g. in combination with laminating
  • B31F1/07—Embossing, i.e. producing impressions formed by locally deep-drawing, e.g. using rolls provided with complementary profiles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
  • B31F2201/07—Embossing
  • B31F2201/0707—Embossing by tools working continuously
  • B31F2201/0715—The tools being rollers
  • B31F2201/0723—Characteristics of the rollers
  • B31F2201/0728—Material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
  • B31F2201/07—Embossing
  • B31F2201/0707—Embossing by tools working continuously
  • B31F2201/0715—The tools being rollers
  • B31F2201/0723—Characteristics of the rollers
  • B31F2201/0733—Pattern
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
  • B31F2201/07—Embossing
  • B31F2201/0707—Embossing by tools working continuously
  • B31F2201/0715—The tools being rollers
  • B31F2201/0723—Characteristics of the rollers
  • B31F2201/0738—Cross sectional profile of the embossments
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
  • B31F2201/07—Embossing
  • B31F2201/0756—Characteristics of the incoming material, e.g. creped, embossed, corrugated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F2201/00—Mechanical deformation of paper or cardboard without removing material
  • B31F2201/07—Embossing
  • B31F2201/0758—Characteristics of the embossed product
  • B31F2201/0761—Multi-layered
  • B31F2201/0766—Multi-layered the layers being superposed tip to tip
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H27/00—Special paper not otherwise provided for, e.g. made by multi-step processes
  • D21H27/02—Patterned paper
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
  • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
  • Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
  • Y10T156/1007—Running or continuous length work
  • Y10T156/1023—Surface deformation only [e.g., embossing]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24446—Wrinkled, creased, crinkled or creped
  • Y10T428/24455—Paper
  • Y10T428/24463—Plural paper components
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
  • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of absorbent papers for sanitary or domestic use, and relates to a sheet, consisting of at least one embossed fold, intended for the production of toilet paper essentially, but also of handkerchiefs, towels or paper towels.
• embossing operation is carried out either on paper with high humidity, that is to say in the wet part of the paper machine, or on paper with low humidity, ie ie in transformation.
• the present invention relates to paper transformed into a dry part.
• embossing patterns consist of a repetition on a geometric basis of elementary protuberances of small cross section and simple geometric shape.
• An example is described in US Pat. No. 3,414,459 which relates to a laminated sheet made up of a plurality of elementary sheets, called plies, glued together.
• the folds are embossed with a frequency of distribution of the protuberances and a height of the protuberances adapted to the production of water-absorbing products, for example paper towels.
• the number of elements ranges from 5 to 30 per cm 2 .
• the Applicant has developed, for toilet paper in particular, patterns whose number of elements is greater, ranging from 30 to 80 per cm 2 .
• the protuberances forming these elements have an elongated cross section with vertices of linear configuration.
• the curves thus drawn are preferably closed and give the elements of the pattern a quilted appearance.
• these elements are relatively spaced from each other. Large smooth areas are thus spared, the softness of which is therefore not affected by the embossing.
• This set of features of the pattern helps to give the paper qualities of softness and softness that are perceived by the consumer.
• the impact of this type of pattern on the physical characteristics is limited. In particular, the thickness is little altered. It is found in fact that the yield of the embossing operation is lower. It is necessary to engrave the cylinders to a relatively great depth in order to gain some thickness gain.
• the Applicant has proposed with the application FR 94 15196 of December 16, 1994 to produce a sheet having a graphic pattern, composed of protuberances of linear shape, combined with a background pattern composed of small protuberances.
• the width of the protrusions of linear form is between 0.1 and 2 mm, and they are relatively spaced from each other.
• Small protrusions generally frustoconical, are arranged at a rate of at least 30 per cm 2 .
• the background pattern provides most of the functional characteristics related to embossing, namely thickness and absorption in particular.
• the high density of the protrusions of the background pattern also gives a textile appearance, pleasing to the eye.
• the protuberances of the background pattern bring out the main pattern because they are not easily visible individually with the naked eye because of their necessary small size. Their surface at the top is less than 1 mm 2 . This contrast results, more particularly, from the high ratio, greater than 50, between the surface of a graphic motif element and that of a small protuberance, and from the high number of small protuberances per unit of surface.
• the object of the invention is to provide a sheet of absorbent paper having, with respect to this latter embodiment in particular, the advantage of a better definition of the patterns which it is desired to bring out on the background pattern.
• the invention relates to a sheet of absorbent paper, in particular of cellulose wadding with a grammage of between 10 and 40 g / m 2 .
• This sheet comprises a first embossed zone which is of the type obtained by embossing between a cylinder, not liable to deformation, provided with protuberances and a cylinder with a resilient coating such as rubber. It thus has bosses on one face, the vertices of which are arranged substantially in the same plane P. To these bosses correspond depressions on the opposite face.
• This sheet is characterized in that the first embossed zone forms a background screen pattern whose number of bosses, of height H1 relative to the plane P, is greater than 30 per cm 2 , and in that it comprises at least a second pattern, said graphic pattern, formed of zones without boss but whose height H2 relative to said plane is greater than Hl.
• the sheet of absorbent paper may be composed of only one thickness or fold, but the invention also covers the embodiments where the sheet consists of several thicknesses of cellulose wadding embossed together.
• Hl and H2 are mean values calculated from a number of statistically relevant measurements.
• the pattern is well marked when the deformation of the sheet is sufficient for the height H2 to be greater than 1.2 times Hl after the embossing operation.
• the average diameter of the writable discs in the boss-free areas of the graphic pattern is greater than the average diameter of the writable discs between the bosses of the weft area, preferably the first diameter is more than twice and in particular three times the second.
• a disc is said to be writable in a given surface portion if it can be placed inside this while being tangent to three bosses which belong to the edge of this surface portion.
• the second pattern is composed of at least two second zones without boss, adjacent and delimited between them by isolated bosses.
• a boss is isolated if the average height H of the portion of sheet which surrounds it is greater than the height Hl of the weft area. It is thus distinguished from a boss of the weft area whose average height of the sheet which surrounds it is precisely Hl.
• these bosses form an alignment.
• the vertices of the isolated bosses are of the same dimension as those of the bosses of the first zone.
• this particular arrangement offers the advantage of a greater unity of pattern and reinforces the contrast effect because the protrusions of the embossing cylinder, being of small size, concentrate the stresses and exert a more pronounced marking on the sheet at time of embossing. Finally, the realization of the engraving is easier than if the protrusions were of different dimensions. Only one tool can be used.
• the boss-free zones of the second pattern have at least one portion of calendared surface. Calendering results from the action of the rubber cylinder which presses against the bottom of the engraving. There is then a smoothing of the surface by removal of the roughness. Calendering improves softness, especially if this portion is large enough to promote touch.
• the portion of calendered surface preferably has an extent of at least 1 cm 2 corresponding substantially to the portion of skin at the end of a finger which comes into contact with the sheet when it is taken in hand.
• the sheet of absorbent paper comprises two sheets, at least one of which is one of said absorbent sheets. These are assembled one on the other with the bosses inside the structure.
• the mode of association of the two sheets can be arbitrary: knurling for example or bonding.
• the latter also includes hotmelt or cold bonding with a PVA type adhesive, for example.
• the folds can have different patterns.
• the invention also relates to the machine and to the method for manufacturing a sheet according to the invention.
• the machine is characterized in that it comprises at least one non-deformable cylinder comprising a first zone with at least 30 protuberances, in particular frustoconical, per cm 2 and at least one zone of graphic pattern not including one, and the depth of which with respect to the dimension of the vertices of the protrusions is at least equal to that of the first zone, the mean diameter of the discs writable in the second zone being greater than that of the discs writable in the first zone.
• two second zones of graphic pattern are adjacent and separated from each other by isolated protuberances.
• the machine comprises a cylinder with a resilient coating capable of cooperating with said non-deformable cylinder, and whose impact properties are such that in operation the resilient material can come into contact with the bottom of the second zones without coming in contact with the bottom of the first zones.
• the process for manufacturing a sheet consists of embossing the sheet by means of resilient-coated cylinders by applying sufficient pressure so that the deformation of the sheet in the areas of graphic pattern leads, taking into account the elastic recovery of the paper, at a final height locally higher than that of the screened area.
• FIG. 1 shows an example, seen from above, of a sheet according to the invention
• FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the sheet according to Figure 1, in perspective from a cross section along the line AA;
• FIG. 4 shows an enlarged view of the sheet of Figure 3, in perspective from a cross section along the line BB.
• FIG. 5 shows an embossing installation for the production of the product of the invention
• FIG. 6 schematically shows an embossing mode according to the prior art
• the sheet shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises two superposed plies 10 and 20 each of which is for example made of creped cellulose wadding, with a grammage between 10 g / m 2 and 40 g / m 2 .
• the two plies were embossed separately and joined together to form a double sheet.
• the external faces of the two folds constitute the external faces of the double sheet.
• Figure 1 is a top view and each point represents a depression on the surface of the sheet. These depressions are in the form of a crater, and were obtained by the embossing operation. Thus, each depression on one side of the folds 10, 20 corresponds to a protuberance or boss on the other side.
• FIG. 2 the sheet is seen in perspective from a section AA in FIG. 1.
• the bosses 110 and 120 are arranged inside the structure, vertices against vertices. In the example shown, the two folds are identical.
• the bosses have a frustoconical shape and their section parallel to the surface of the sheet is circular.
• the section can also be oval, polygonal or other. Instead of being simply frustoconical their shape can be more complex.
• FIG. 2 represents a particular case with perfect coincidence of the bosses.
• all the bosses do not form a connection, some are free at least partially. They are therefore not in the tip-tip position. We then have a tip-bottom contact.
• first area embossed, or weft pattern T, of defined thickness, Hl.
• the thickness of this zone is measured by the difference in level between the plane of the external face of the sheet, and the reference plane P defined by the vertices of the bosses 110, 120.
• second zones forming a graphic pattern G.
• Each second zone G1, G2, etc. is delimited by bosses of the first zone. These are selvedge bosses 110L, 120L.
• a second zone, apart from its absence of bosses, is characterized by a thickness H2.
• the thickness H2 of this area is measured by the difference in height between the same plane P and the plane tangent to the external face of the sheet in this area, parallel to the plane P.
• the thickness H2 is greater than the thickness Hl. It was indeed surprisingly found that the contrast between the graphic pattern and the background pattern could be produced by a difference in level between these two areas.
• the ratio of H2 to Hl is advantageously greater than 1.2 (H2 greater by at least 20% than Hl). In fact, the higher the ratio, the better the contrast.
• the 110L bosses designated selvedge bosses or selvedge depressions depending on whether the external or internal face is considered, have a shape which is distinguished from that of the other bosses in the weft area which contributes to more markedly marking the border. ente zones G and T. Indeed, due to the difference in level between the external planes of G and T, the wall of the edge depressions has an extension on the side of the adjacent zone G. This results in an optical contrast effect. It has been observed that it is sufficient that this difference in level exists after the embossing operation. It was in fact observed with surprise that the contrast effect persisted even after a certain crushing of the structure resulting for example from the winding of the sheet.
• an embossing density greater than 30 bosses per cm 2 preferably greater than 60 bosses per cm 2 , is chosen for the weft area. Below a density of 30 the spacing between the bosses becomes relatively large and produces a network effect and not a shading.
• the graphic pattern may consist of discrete elements arranged in a repeating pattern on the sheet as shown in the figures.
• the average diameter of the writable discs is at least twice, in particular five times, that of a writable disc between the bosses of the weft area.
• the graphic pattern consists of a continuous pattern such as a grid.
• the width of the area between two rows of edge depressions must not be too narrow in order to ensure the formation of a difference in level between the frame area and the grid.
• the smallest writable disc inside the graphics area should also preferably have a diameter at least twice that of a writable disc between the bosses of the frame area.
• each element of the graphic pattern is composed of two or more second zones G'1, G'2, G'3, G'4, G '5 ,. .. adjacent, thus forming a third zone G '.
• two adjacent zones G1 and G2 are separated by isolated bosses 210S forming an alignment, preferably a single one.
• these bosses have a diameter at the top which is not different from the weft area; and in particular, the distance which separates the bosses between them in alignment corresponds to the pitch of the weft area.
• This or these additional alignments are intended to refine and strengthen the definition of the graphic pattern. A satisfactory result is obtained by not differentiating from the definition of the frame. We observe that this underlining effect produced by the alignment of isolated bosses results from the greater relative depth of these depressions compared to those of the screened area. This is due to the fact that the top of the protuberances is on the same level as the others;
• FIG. 5 shows a machine for converting cellulose wadding for the production, for example, of toilet paper.
• This machine comprises two embossing units each consisting of a cylinder Al respectively A2, non-deformable, for example of steel, provided with protuberances and a cylinder C1 respectively C2 with resilient coating such as rubber.
• Two sheets 1 and 2 from a master roll of cellulose wadding are individually guided through the embossing interval of a unit Al, Cl respectively A2, C2 then are associated by passing between the rolls Al and A2 which roll one over the other so as to form a single sheet with two folds.
• the arrangement is of the point against point type, but other arrangements can be envisaged, that with interlocking of the protrusions for example.
• the two plies can be bonded by gluing but also mechanically, by knurling for example.
• the folds are deformed so as to present frustoconical bosses on the face which comes into contact with the rubber cylinder and crater-shaped depressions on the face of the fold which is in contact with the rigid cylinder.
• the invention also relates to the mode of embossing the folds.
• FIG. 6 shows the deformation of a cellulose wadding sheet produced during the embossing operation according to the prior art.
• the pressure exerted by the rubber cylinder C and the elastic properties of the material constituting its coating determine, for a given pattern, the penetration depth of the latter inside the engraving.
• the figure schematically represents the deformation produced on a cellulose wadding sheet by a pattern according to patent application FR 9415196.
• This figure represents a section, along the axis of rotation of the cylinders, of the area of contact between a rubber cylinder C and a steel cylinder A with the sheet F interposed between the two.
• the cylinder A is provided with small protrusions Pi constituting a weft pattern and protrusions P 2 , in relief with respect to the latter.
• the protrusions of the embossing cylinder are chosen so as to define first and second zones;
• a first zone is composed of at least 30 protuberances per cm 2 . These have a generally frustoconical shape but can also have a frustoconical shape at the base and cylindrical towards the top.
• the section can be circular, oval, polygonal or other.
• the height is sufficient to allow the deformation of the rubber around each pin. This deformation is limited however by the characteristics specific to the rubber used and by the spacing between the pins. This spacing as well as their surface at the top which is of the order of mm 2 are determined by the relatively high density which is intended to impart a woven appearance to this area.
• a second zone is defined as not comprising a spike.
• its extent is sufficient to allow the penetration of the rubber, under normal operating conditions, to a depth greater than that of a first zone.
• the extent of a second zone is such that the average diameter of the writable discs inside this zone is greater twice that of recordable discs between three protrusions of the adjacent raster area.
• zones can be created in a simple way by uniformly engraving or machining a cylinder according to a weft pattern which must constitute the first zones then by removing by machining the pins present in the seconds which one chooses.
• the cellulose wadding due to its creping, has a certain capacity for recovery after removal of the stress exerted by the rubber cylinder.
• the product once embossed has first and second zones of different heights measured with respect to the plane of the vertices of the protrusions.
• this embossing method leads to a more pronounced marking of the edge protrusions L because the sheet undergoes at this point a greater deformation than around the pins of the frame. This difference contributes to the reinforcement of the contrast effect between the T and G zones.
• a sufficient extent is chosen for the second zone so as to allow the rubber to bear on the bottom surface. This part of the sheet then undergoes a calendering and smoothing effect.
• two or more second zones are grouped. Two second adjacent zones are then separated by a row of isolated pins. In such a case, it can be seen that the line of protrusions separating two second zones also has a pronounced marking.
• Samples B 1 and B2 of product were produced from plates etched according to the patterns illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3, and cuts made represented in FIGS. 8a and 8b were carried out.
• a clear distinction is made in FIG. 8a the first bottom area T and the second area G of different levels with a selvedge boss 110L. in FIG. 8b, there is also recognized an isolated boss 21 OS.
• a sample B3 was also produced on a pattern representing a grid, the minimum width of the second zone of which was equal to twice the average diameter of the discs writable in the adjacent screened zone, and ensuring that the rubber then touched the bottom. of engraving.
• the height was measured in several places on the samples from a photograph with a magnification of 56. The average values are indicated below, in mm on the photograph:

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Machines For Manufacturing Corrugated Board In Mechanical Paper-Making Processes (AREA)
• Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=9521686

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (9)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (22)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 1998
  • 1998-01-13 FR FR9800230A patent/FR2773564B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1999
  • 1999-01-11 DK DK99900511T patent/DK1047546T3/da active
  • 1999-01-11 ES ES99900511T patent/ES2212518T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-01-11 TR TR2000/02028T patent/TR200002028T2/xx unknown
  • 1999-01-11 EP EP99900511A patent/EP1047546B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-01-11 WO PCT/FR1999/000029 patent/WO1999036253A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-01-11 DE DE69913315T patent/DE69913315T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-01-11 AT AT99900511T patent/ATE255494T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1999-01-11 US US09/600,198 patent/US6524683B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events