EP1045895A1

EP1045895A1 - Specific shaped moulded body dishwasher detergents

Info

Publication number: EP1045895A1
Application number: EP98966653A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Dietmar Pressner; Christian Nitsch; Jürgen Härer; Hans-Josef Beaujean; Thomas Müller-Kirschbaum; Thomas Holderbaum
Original assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Current assignee: Henkel AG and Co KGaA
Priority date: 1997-12-30
Filing date: 1998-12-21
Publication date: 2000-10-25
Also published as: WO1999035236A1; JP2002500272A; HUP0100549A2; PL341483A1; SK10032000A3; DE19758173A1; CZ20002493A3; CA2299831A1

Abstract

Wasch- oder reinigungsaktive Formkörper weisen einen Bereich auf, der in genau drei Raumrichtungen von anderen Inhaltsstoffen des Formkörpers umgeben ist. Dieser Bereich enthält mehr als 80 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise mehr als 90 Gew.-%, besonders bevorzugt mehr als 95 Gew.-% und insbesondere die Gesamtmenge eines vorhandenen Inhaltsstoffes.

Description

Dishwasher detergent tablets with specific geometry

The invention relates to washing or cleaning-active tablets, primarily tablets such as dishwasher tablets, detergent tablets, bleach tablets, stain remover tablets or water softening tablets for household use, in particular for mechanical use, and a process for producing these tablets and their use.

Shaped or active cleaning moldings, in particular tablets, have a number of advantages over powdered agents, such as advantageous handling, simple dosing and low packaging volume requirements.

Problems arise, however, in that relatively high compression pressures have to be used in order to achieve adequate dimensional stability and fracture resistance when pressing the powdery constituents. Due to the high compression, such tablets often have an insufficient storage stability with regard to sensitive ingredients (bleach, perfume, enzymes, silver preservatives, dyes, surfactants), a reduced performance (especially with soiling such as tea, milk, starch) compared to comparable amounts of active substance in others Form of presentation, in some cases improvable protection of sensitive materials to be cleaned and deteriorated disintegration and dissolving properties when used.

Some of the prior art patents are said to avoid some of these problems.

Often, however, the consumer can not nachvoll ^¬ pull this performance advantages described therein. There is therefore satisfy consumers is an important issue for providers of washing or reinigungsakti ^¬ ven moldings.

It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide high-performance, easy-to-handle washing or cleaning-active moldings, especially dishwasher tablets, detergent tablets, stain remover tablets or water softening tablets for household use, in particular for machine use with high storage stability. to provide low packaging effort, a good fragrance profile and a defined solubility profile, which above all result in high customer satisfaction.

This was surprisingly solved by a molded body in which one ingredient (I) was mainly provided in a defined area, this area being surrounded by other ingredients in exactly three spatial directions.

The application therefore relates to a molded article containing builder substances, bleaching agents and surfactants, characterized in that a region with more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, particularly preferably more than 95% by weight, very particularly preferably the total amount of an existing ingredient (I) is surrounded in exactly three spatial directions by other ingredients of the shaped body.

The ingredient (I) can be a bleaching agent from the group of chlorine and / or oxygen bleaching agents, a bleach activator, a silver protection agent and / or a soil release compound, an enzyme, a surfactant or a component or a compound for solubility control . The ingredient (I) can also be a mixture of these ingredients.

It is particularly preferred if the ingredient (I) is a mixture of a component or a compound for solubility control and at least one further ingredient from the group consisting of bleach and / or bleach activator and / or silver protective agent and / or soil release compound and / or enzyme and / or a surfactant.

The volume of the area with the ingredient (I), the solubility, the surface and the type of compression can also have a decisive influence on the properties of the tablet.

For the purposes of the present invention, it can also be favorable if the range does not exceed 40% by volume, preferably between 1 and 30% by volume, particularly preferably between 2 and 25% by volume, very particularly preferably between 3 and 20% by volume of the shaped body contains more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, particularly preferably more than 95% by weight, very particularly preferably the total amount of an ingredient (I) present .

A desirable influence on the overall result can also be achieved if the range with more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, particularly preferably more than 95% by weight, very particularly preferably the total amount of an ingredient present (I) more than 5%, preferably more than 10%, very particularly preferably more than 25%, very particularly preferably more than 50% and extremely pulls more than 100% faster than and / or the remaining areas of the molded body.

It can also be very favorable if the area with the ingredient (I) does not occupy more than 40% of the surface, preferably between 5 and 30%, particularly preferably between 10 and 25%, very particularly preferably between 15 and 20% of the shaped body and more than 80% by weight, preferably more than 90% by weight, particularly preferably more than 95% by weight, very particularly preferably the total amount of an ingredient (I) present therein.

Solubility:

The solubility can be influenced by components and / or compounds to accelerate solubility (disintegrant) or to delay solubility.

All disintegrants known in the prior art can be used as disintegrants. Particular reference is made to the textbooks Rompp (9th edition, vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt "Textbook of pharmaceutical technology" (6th edition, 1987). Substances such as starch, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, alginates, Dextrans, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidones and others; systems made from weak acids and agents containing carbonate, in particular citric acid and tartaric acid in combination with bicarbonate or carbonate and also polyethylene glycol sorbitan fatty acid esters.

The use of explosives is also found in the patent literature. In German patent application DE 938 566, for example, it is proposed to convert acetylsalicylic acid into granular form before pressing, to dry it gently but completely and then to coat it with highly disperse silica. The acetylsalicylic acid granules powdered with finely divided silica can then be mixed with further tablet ingredients, which may be in powder or granular form, and compressed into tablets. The separating layer of highly disperse silica not only acts as an insulating layer and protection against unwanted reactions, but also contributes to the rapid disintegration of the tablets even after a long storage period.

German patent application DE 12 28 029 describes the production of tablets, powder mixtures without prior granulation being first mixed with cellulose powder and optionally highly disperse silica, ground according to a preferred embodiment and then pressed. German patent application DE 41 21 127 in turn shows that a particularly good auxiliary in the manufacture of pharmaceutical tablets has cellulose particles on the surface of which a laminating agent is fixed. The excipient is used in the finest possible form; mean particle sizes below 200 μm are shown to be particularly advantageous. Usually, the classic tablet disintegrants of the first class of substances mentioned are mixed in very fine-particle form either prior to compression with the other tablet ingredients, which may be in fine or granular form, or the other tablet ingredients are coated or powdered with the tablet disintegrant.

In the field of detergents or cleaning agents, according to the teaching of the European patent EP-B-0 523 099, it is also possible to use the disintegrants which are known from the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Swelling-capable sheet silicates such as bentonites, natural substances and natural substance derivatives based on starch and cellulose, alginates and the like, potato starch, methyl cellulose and / or hydroxypropyl cellulose are mentioned as disintegrants. These disintegrants can be mixed with the granules to be compressed, but can also be incorporated into the granules to be compressed.

International patent application WO-A-96/06156 also states that the incorporation of disintegrants in detergent or cleaning agent tablets can be advantageous. Again, microcrystalline cellulose, sugars such as sorbitol, but also sheet silicates, in particular finely divided and swellable sheet silicates of the bentonite and smectite type, are mentioned as typical disintegrants. Substances contributing to gas formation such as citric acid, bisulfate, bicarbonate, carbonate and percarbonate are also listed as possible disintegration aids.

European patent applications EP-A-0 466 485, EP-A-0 522 766, EP-A-0 711 827, EP-A-0 711 828 and EP-A-0 716144 describe the production of active cleaning tablets, using compact, particulate material with a particle size between 180 and 2000 μm. The resulting tablets can have both a homogeneous and a heterogeneous structure. According to EP-A-0 522 766, at least the particles which contain surfactants and builders are coated with a solution or dispersion of a binder / disintegrant, in particular polyethylene glycol. Other binders / disintegrants are, in turn, the disintegrants, for example starches and starch derivatives, which have already been described several times and are commercially available Cellulose derivatives such as cross-linked and modified cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose fibers, cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidones, layered silicates etc. Also weak acids such as citric acid or tartaric acid, which lead to effervescent effects in connection with carbonate-containing sources when contacted with water and, according to the definition according to Römpp, lead to them second class of explosives can be used as a coating material.

Particular reference is made to the unpublished DE 197 10 254, which describes disintegrants whose particle size distribution (sieve analysis) is designed in such a way that a maximum of 1% by weight, preferably less, of dust components is present and overall (including any dust components present) less than 10% by weight of the disintegrant granules are smaller than 0.2 mm. At least 90% by weight of the disintegrant granules advantageously have a particle size of at least 0.2 mm and a maximum of 3 mm. These disintegrants are particularly suitable for the present invention.

Agents from the group of organic acids, such as. B. citric acid, or a mixture of citric acid / bicarbonate and / or the celluloses and cellulose derivatives. If a detergent is contained in the shaped body, the dissolution time of the entire shaped body is preferably shorter than the duration of the main wash cycle of a conventional dishwasher, i.e. shorter than 40 min, particularly preferably shorter than 30 min, very particularly preferably shorter than 20 min and extremely preferably shorter than 10 min.

Paraffins and / or microwaxes and / or the high molecular weight polyethylene glycols, which are described in detail in the prior art, are generally used as the material for delaying dissolution. The use of mixtures as mentioned in the unpublished publication DE 197 27 073 and the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated into this document is particularly suitable for the present application.

If a component for delaying dissolution is included, in a preferred embodiment the dissolution time of the entire molded body in 20 ° C. cold water is longer than the pre-rinse cycle of a commercially available dishwasher, that is to say longer than 5 min, preferably longer than 10 min.

General forms of presentation:

All possible three-dimensional bodies are suitable for the spatial shape of the shaped body, as described, inter alia, in the patent documents relating to the prior art and the standard works of Technical literature (for example: Riedel, "Die Tablette") but also in the patent documents of the prior art. The area in which the ingredient (I) is contained is also not tied to a specific spatial form. For practical reasons, however, an expansion in a spatial direction of more than 5 mm is preferred.

Specific forms of presentation:

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, homogeneous or heterogeneous moldings of known design are provided.

These include in particular cylindrical tablets, these tablets preferably having a diameter of 15 to 60 mm, in particular 30 +/- 10 mm. The height of these tablets is preferably 5 to 30 mm and in particular 15 to 28 mm. Shaped bodies with a diameter of 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38 and 39 mm have proven to be particularly favorable. In special designs, the height is 24, 25, 26, 27 or 28 mm.

Square, rectangular, trapezoidal, oval and irregularly shaped base areas can also be used with preference. The edge lengths are preferably between 15 to 60 mm, in particular 30 +/- 10 mm.

The weight of the individual tablets, in particular the tablets, is preferably 15 to 60 g and in particular 20 to 40 g per tablet or tablet; the consistency of the shaped bodies or tablets, however, usually has values above 1 kg / dm ³ , preferably from 1.1 to 1.4 kg / dm ³ .

Depending on the type of application, the water hardness range or the level of contamination, 1 or more, for example 2 to 4, moldings, in particular tablets, can be used. Further shaped bodies according to the invention can also have smaller diameters or dimensions, for example around 10 mm.

A homogeneous shaped body is understood to mean those in which the ingredients of the shaped body are homogeneously distributed except for the area with ingredient (I) in such a way that no different ingredients and / or active ingredients are perceptible to the naked eye. The grain structure of the solids used can of course still be recognized. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in addition to the area with the ingredient (I), only a further area (phase) is present,

Accordingly, heterogeneous shaped bodies are understood to mean those which do not have a homogeneous distribution of the ingredients present in addition to the ingredient (I). have. In a simple case, heterogeneous moldings can be produced, for example, by the different ingredients having different colors and / or carrying a different fragrance component.

Another case, which according to the invention is to be counted as the non-uniform (heterogeneous) shaped bodies, comprises an embodiment in which a shaped body is pressed which, in addition to the area with the ingredient (I), has several layers (phases), that is to say at least two layers. It is e.g. B. possible that these different layers have different disintegration and dissolution rates and / or carry different ingredients. This can result in advantageous performance properties of the molded articles. If, for example, ingredients are contained in the moldings which have a mutually negative effect, it is possible to separate them. If a defined sequence of cleaning conditions is to be created in a machine, it is possible to integrate one (or more) component (s) in a (or) the more rapidly disintegrating and / or faster dissolving layer and the other (n) component Incorporate into one or more slowly disintegrating layers so that one component can act with a lead time or has already reacted when another goes into solution.

A preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that in addition to the area with the ingredient (I) there are two further phases. It is particularly advantageous if the volume ratios of the two further phases are between 10: 1 and 1:10, preferably between 5: 1 and 1: 5, particularly preferably between 2: 1 and 1: 2.

Another particularly preferred embodiment is characterized in that three or more further phases are present.

The layer structure of the shaped bodies can take place in a stack-like manner, with the inner layer (s) already loosening at the edges of the shaped body when the outer layers have not yet been completely detached or disintegrated; however, a complete and / or partial covering of the inner layer (s) can also be achieved by the layers lying further outwards, which leads to a prevention and / or delay in the early dissolution of components of the inner layer (s).

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a tablet consists of at least three layers, that is to say two outer and at least one inner layer, at least one peroxy bleaching agent being contained in at least one of the inner layers, while in the case of the tablet in the form of a tablet, the two outer layers and in the case of the envelope However, the outermost layers of the tablet are free of peroxy bleach. It is also possible to spatially separate peroxy bleaching agents and any bleach activators or bleach catalysts and / or enzymes present in a tablet / molded article. Such configurations have the advantage that no undesirable interactions would be feared in the molded articles according to the invention.

Another cheap and preferred embodiment of the invention is that one of the bleaching component or components, especially the chlorine component, is not assembled together with the perfume component in one phase. Another cheap and preferred embodiment of the invention is that the silver protection component is not made up with one or more of the bleaching components. Another cheap and preferred embodiment of the invention is that one of the component or components for solubility control is packaged together with the bleach activator. Another cheap and preferred embodiment of the invention is that one of the component or components for solubility control is packaged together with the enzymes. Another cheap and preferred embodiment of the invention is that one of the component or components for solubility control is packaged together with the bleach. Another cheap and preferred embodiment of the invention is that one of the component or components for solubility control is assembled together with the silver protection component. Another cheap and preferred embodiment of the invention is that one of the component or components for solubility control together with at least 50 wt .-%, preferably more than 70 wt .-%, particularly more than 90 wt .-% of a surfactant or the total surfactant mixture is assembled.

The agents according to the invention are produced by the customary methods of molding production.

In some embodiments, it has proven to be particularly advantageous to fill the area with the ingredient (s) in the form of a liquid (generally through solution and / or melt), if appropriate at elevated temperatures, into a prefabricated recess in the surrounding ingredients and then through conventional ones technical measures to freeze this area (generally by drying and / or cooling). A viscosity of more than 1500 mPas, preferably more than 2000 mPas, particularly preferably between 2000 and 15000 mPas, has quite particularly preferred between 2500 and 7000 mPas and extremely preferably between 3000 and 4000 mPas particularly proven.

The combination of the active ingredient (I) with meltable carrier substances has proven particularly effective. In principle, this includes all substances with a solidification point at or especially above room temperature.

Non-ionic surfactants (Dehypon® LT 104, Dehypon® LS 54, Dehydol® LS 30, Lutensol® AT 80), polyethylene glycols with different molecular weights (PEG 400, 12000), soaps ( Lorol® C 16), stearates (Cutina® GMS), but also thickened sodium hydroxide solution and meltable salts, such as sodium carbonate - decahydrate. The advantages and disadvantages of the individual ingredients can be understood by the expert on the basis of tests.

The use of mixtures as mentioned in the unpublished publication DE 197 27 073 and the disclosure of which is hereby expressly incorporated into this document is particularly suitable for the present application.

In other embodiments, parts of the shaped body and / or components of the shaped body are treated by irradiation with microwaves in order to positively influence strength, moisture content and solubility.

A simple pressing of the components is also possible. In addition to powders and granules, microtabs and moldings of smaller dimensions than the final molded body can also be used.

Specific ingredients:

Particular ingredients (I) which are used in the context of the invention are oxygen bleaching agents, preferably the alkali metal perborates and their hydrates and the alkali metal percarbonates, sodium perborate, as mono- or tetrahydrate, or sodium percarbonate and their hydrates preferably being used in the context of the invention. The persulphates can also be used.

Typical oxygen bleaches are also organic peracids. The organic peracids used with preference include above all the excellently active phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid, but in principle all other known peracids can also be used. Special ingredients (I) which are used in the context of the invention are bleach activators. Known bleach activators are compounds which contain one or more N- or O-acyl groups, such as substances from the class of anhydrides, esters, imides and acylated imidazoles or oximes. Examples are tetraacetylethylenediamine TAED, tetraacetylmethylenediamine TAMD and tetraacetylhexylenediamine TAHD, but also pentaacetylglucose PAG, 1, 5-diacetyl-2,2-dioxo-hexahydro-1, 3,5-thazine DADHT and isatoic anhydride ISA.

Compounds which, under perhydrolysis conditions, give aliphatic peroxocarboxylic acids with preferably 1 to 10 C atoms, in particular 2 to 4 C atoms, and / or optionally substituted perbenzoic acid can be used as bleach activators. Suitable substances are those which carry O- and / or N-acyl groups of the number of carbon atoms mentioned and / or optionally substituted benzoyl groups. Preferred are polyacylated alkylenediamines, especially tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), acylated triazine derivatives, especially 1,5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (DADHT), acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril (TAGU), N-acylimides, especially N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenol sulfonates, especially n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), carboxylic acid anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, acylated polyhydric alcohols, especially triacetate, especially triacetine, Diacetoxy-2,5-dihydrofuran, n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA), and the enol esters known from German patent applications DE 196 16 693 and DE 196 16767, as well as acetylated sorbitol and mannitol or those in European patent application EP 0 525 239 mixtures described (SORMAN), acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose (PAG), pentaacetylfructose, tetraacetylxylose and O ctaacetyllactose and also acetylated, optionally N-alkylated glucamine and gluconolactone, and / or N-acylated lactams, for example N-benzoylcaprolactam, which are known from international patent applications WO 94/27970, WO 94/28102, WO 94/28103, WO 95/00626, WO 95/14759 and WO 95/17498 are known. The hydrophilically substituted acylacetals known from German patent application DE 196 16 769 and the acyl lactams described in German patent application DE 196 16 770 and international patent application WO 95/14075 are also preferably used. The combinations of conventional bleach activators known from German patent application DE 44 43 177 can also be used. Bleach activators of this type are present in the customary quantitative range, preferably in amounts of 1% by weight to 10% by weight, in particular 2% by weight to 8% by weight, based on the total agent. In addition to the conventional bleach activators listed above or in their place, the sulfonimines and / or transition reinforcing transition metal salts or transition metal complexes known from European patents EP 0 446 982 and EP 0 453 003 may also be present as so-called bleaching catalysts. The transition metal compounds in question include, in particular, the manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum-salt complexes known from German patent application DE 195 29 905 and their N-analog compounds known from German patent application DE 196 20 267, which consist of the German patent application DE 195 36 082 known manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium or molybdenum carbonyl complexes, the manganese, iron, cobalt, ruthenium, molybdenum, titanium described in German patent application DE 196 05 688 -, Vanadium and copper complexes with nitrogen-containing tripod ligands, the cobalt, iron, copper and ruthenium amine complexes known from German patent application DE 196 20 411, the manganese described in German patent application DE 44 16 438, Copper and cobalt complexes, the cobalt complexes described in European patent application EP 0 272 030, the manganese comp. Known from European patent application EP 0 693 550 lexes, the manganese, iron, cobalt and copper complexes known from European patent EP 0 392 592 and / or those described in European patent EP 0 443 651 or European patent applications EP 0 458 397, EP 0458 398, EP 0 549 271, EP 0 549 272, EP 0 544 490 and EP 0 544 519 described manganese complexes. Combinations of bleach activators and transition metal bleach catalysts are known, for example, from German patent application DE 196 13 103 and international patent application WO 95/27775. Bleach activators from the group of multi-acylated alkylenediamines, in particular tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), acylated phenolsulfonates, in particular n-nonanoyl- or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS) or isobenzene sulfonate (N-) iso , MMA, preferably in amounts of up to 10% by weight, in particular 0.1% by weight to 8% by weight, particularly 2 to 8% by weight and particularly preferably 2 to 6% by weight, based on the total Means used.

Bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes, in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably cobalt (ammin) - Complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese, of manganese sulfate are used in conventional amounts, preferably in an amount of up to 5% by weight, in particular 0.0025% by weight. -% to 1% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.01% by weight to 0.25% by weight, based in each case on the total agent. But in special cases, more bleach activator can be used.

Dishwashing detergents according to the invention can contain corrosion inhibitors as ingredient (I) to protect the items to be washed or the machine, silver protection agents in particular being particularly important in the field of automatic dishwashing. The known subsets of the prior art, such as. B. described in DE 43 25 922, DE 41 28 672 or DE 43 38 724. In general, silver protection agents selected from the group of the triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes can be used in particular. Benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole are particularly preferably to be used. In addition, detergent formulations often contain agents containing active chlorine, which can significantly reduce the corrosion of the silver surface. In chlorine-free cleaners, especially oxygen and nitrogen-containing organic redox-active compounds, such as di- and trihydric phenols, e.g. B. hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, hydroxyhydroquinone, gallic acid, phloroglucin, pyrogallol or derivatives of these classes of compounds. Salt-like and complex-like inorganic compounds, such as salts of the metals Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Co and Ce, are also frequently used. Preferred here are the transition metal salts which are selected from the group consisting of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (ammine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate. Zinc compounds can also be used to prevent corrosion on the wash ware.

Special ingredients (I) which are used in the context of the invention are substances which prevent the re-soiling of surfaces and / or facilitate the detachment of dirt after a single application (so-called “soil release compounds”).

The soil release compounds used according to the invention include all compounds known in the prior art. Cationic polymers such as those used for. B. are known from the following publications:

In EP-A-0 167 382, EP-A-0 342 997 and DE-OS-26 16 404 cleaning agents are added cationic polymers in order to achieve a streak-free cleaning of the surfaces. EP-A-0 167 382 describes liquid detergent compositions which can contain cationic polymers as thickeners. Hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium guar; Copolymers of aminoethyl methacrylate and acrylamide and copolymers of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride and acrylamide are described.

EP-A-0 342 997 describes general-purpose cleaners which can contain cationic polymers, in particular polymers with imino groups being used.

DE-OS-26 16 404 describes cleaning agents for glass which contain cationic cellulose derivatives. The addition of the cationic cellulose derivatives in the agents a better drainage of the water in order to obtain streak-free cleaned glass.

In EP-A-0 467 472 e.g. B. cleaning agents for hard surfaces are described which contain cationic homo- and / or copolymers as soil-release polymers. These polymers have quaternized ammonium alkyl methacrylate groups as monomer units. These connections are used to equip the surfaces in such a way that the dirt can be removed more easily during the next cleaning process.

The cationic polymers are particularly preferably selected from cationic polymers of copolymers of monomers such as trialkylammonium alkyl (meth) acrylate or acrylamide; Dialkyldiallyldiammonium salts; polymer-analogous reaction products of ethers or esters of polysaccharides with ammonium side groups, in particular guar, cellulose and starch derivatives; Polyadducts of ethylene oxide with ammonium groups; quaternary ethylene imine polymers and polyesters and polyamides with quaternary side groups as soil reease compounds.

Natural polyuronic acids and related substances, as well as polyampholytes and hydrophobicized polyampholytes, or mixtures of these substances, are also exceptionally preferred in the context of this application.

According to the invention, between 0 and 5% by weight of enzymes, based on the entire preparation, can be added to the cleaning agent in order to increase the performance of the cleaning agents or to guarantee the same quality of cleaning performance under milder conditions. The most commonly used enzymes include lipases, amylases, cellulases and proteases. Preferred proteases are e.g. B. BLAP®140 from Biozym, Optimase®-M-440 and Opticlean®-M-250 from Solvay Enzymes; Maxacal®CX and Maxapem® or Esperase® from Gist Brocades or Savina- se® from Novo. Particularly suitable cellulases and lipases are Celluzym® 0.7 T and Lipolase® 30 T from Novo Nordisk. Duramyl® and Termamyl® 60 T and Termamyl® 90 T from Novo, Amylase-LT® from Solvay Enzymes or Maxamyl® P5000 from Gist Brocades find particular use as amylases. Other enzymes can also be used.

Other ingredients:

In the moldings according to the invention, all of the ingredients (I) described above can also take on the function of other ingredients if the condition of the inventive area is met by other ingredients.

In the cleaning agents according to the invention, water-soluble and water-insoluble builders can be used especially for binding calcium and magnesium. Water-soluble builders are preferred because they generally have less tendency to form insoluble residues on dishes and hard surfaces. Customary builders, which can be present in the scope of the invention between 10 and 90% by weight, based on the entire preparation, are the low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the homopolymeric and copolymeric polycarboxylic acids and their salts, the carbonates, phosphates and silicates. Water-insoluble builders include the zeolites, which can also be used, as well as mixtures of the abovementioned builder substances.

Trisodium citrate and / or pentasodium tripolyphosphate and / or sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate and / or gluconates and / or silicate builders from the class of disilicate and / or metasilicate are preferably used.

Alkali carriers can be present as further constituents. Alkali metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkali metal hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal sesquicarbonates, alkali silicates, alkali metal silicates, and mixtures of the abovementioned substances are considered to be alkali carriers, alkali metal carbonates, in particular sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate being preferred for the purposes of this invention.

A builder system containing a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate is particularly preferred.

A builder system containing a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate is also particularly preferred. In principle, all surfactants can be used as surfactants. Preference is given to the nonionic surfactants and in particular the low-foaming nonionic surfactants, but other low-foaming surfactants are also suitable. The alkoxylated alcohols, particularly the ethoxylated and / or propoxylated ones, the alkyl polyglycosides and the alkyl polyglucamides are particularly preferred.

The person skilled in the art generally understands by alkoxylated alcohols the reaction products of alkylene oxide, preferably ethylene oxide, with alcohols, preferably in the sense of the present invention the longer-chain alcohols (C ₁₀ to C ₈ , preferably between C ₁₂ and C ₁₆ , such as Cn- , C ₁₂ -, C ₁₃ -, C ₁₄ -, C ₅ -, C ₁₆ -, C ₁ - and C ₁₈ -alcohols). As a rule, n moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of alcohol form a complex mixture of addition products of different degrees of ethoxylation, depending on the reaction conditions. A further embodiment consists in the use of mixtures of the alkylene oxides, preferably the mixture of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide. If desired, final etherification with short-chain alkyl groups, such as preferably the butyl group, can also give the substance class of the “closed” alcohol ethoxylates, which can also be used for the purposes of the invention. Highly preferred for the purposes of the present invention are highly ethoxylated fatty alcohols or their mixtures with end-capped fatty alcohol ethoxylates.

Alkyl polyglycosides are surfactants which can be obtained by the reaction of sugars and alcohols using the relevant methods of preparative organic chemistry, with a mixture of monoalkylated, oligomeric or polymeric sugars depending on the type of preparation. Preferred alkyl polyglycosides can be alkyl polyglucosides, the alcohol being particularly preferably a long-chain fatty alcohol or a mixture of long-chain fatty alcohols and the degree of oligomerization of the sugars being between 1 and 10.

Fatty acid polyhydroxylamides (glucamides) are acylated reaction products of the reductive amination of a sugar (glucose) with ammonia, whereby long-chain fatty acids, long-chain fatty acid esters or long-chain fatty acid chlorides are generally used as acylating agents. Secondary amides are formed when reducing with methylamine or ethylamine instead of with ammonia, such as. B. in SÖFW-Journal, 119, (1993), 794-808. Carbon chain lengths of C ₆ to C ₁₂ in the fatty acid residue are preferably used.

The areas of the molded body can be colored. It is particularly preferred if one or more or all areas of the shaped body are located in the shaped body. are colored differently. In one special embodiment of the molded body, the color is red. In another special embodiment of the molded body, the color is green. In another special embodiment of the shaped body, the color is yellow. In another special embodiment of the shaped body, the color is a mixture of different colors.

The storage stability of the shaped body is particularly important. It is particularly preferred according to the invention if the weight increase in the area of the ingredient (I) when stored under normal household conditions, ie. H. between 15 and 30 ° C. and between 5 and 55% atmospheric humidity, preferably 15 and 35% atmospheric humidity for a period of 30 days, preferably 60 days, particularly preferably 90 days, not more than 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% %, very particularly preferably not more than 30% by weight, extremely preferably not more than 20% by weight and extremely preferably not more than 10% by weight, at best not more than 5% by weight.

It is also particularly preferred according to the invention if the loss of active substance of the ingredient (I) during storage under normal household conditions, i. H. between 15 and 30 ° C. and between 5 and 55% atmospheric humidity, preferably 15 and 35% atmospheric humidity for a period of 30 days, preferably 60 days, particularly preferably 90 days, not more than 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% %, very particularly preferably not more than 30% by weight, extremely preferably not more than 20% by weight and extremely preferably not more than 10% by weight, at best not more than 5% by weight.

It is also particularly preferred according to the invention if the absorption maximum of a 1% solution of a colored area or a colored component during storage under normal household conditions, ie between 15 and 30 ° C. and between 5 and 55% atmospheric humidity, preferably 15 and 35% atmospheric humidity for the duration of 30 days, preferably 60 days, particularly preferably 90 days not more than 100 wave numbers, preferably not more than 50 wave numbers, very particularly preferably not more than 30 wave numbers, extremely preferably not more than 20 wave numbers and extremely preferably not more than 10 At best, wave numbers are not more than 5 wave numbers. Examples

The following recipes were mixed and pressed into shaped bodies. The ingredients given in brackets are examples of the substance class but can be replaced by other substances listed in the application. The frame formulations represent preferred areas of the invention.

When measuring the effectiveness, the selected ingredient (I) was transferred to the area according to the invention. In the other area (the other areas) it was reduced according to the invention, or left out entirely before the investigations were carried out. A possible framework recipe (Ra) and test recipes (Va) (in% by weight):

The builder system of the framework recipe above can also be composed as follows (all other ingredients are the same as in a).

The following can also be used as the basic formulation (R) for the present application (% by weight): The following was used as the test formulation (V):

The following can be used as the basic formulation (R) for this application (details in wt.

%):

The following test formulation (V) was used:

%):

The following test formulation (V) was used:

A further basic formulation (R) (% by weight) and experimental formulations (V) were tested:

If several phases are contained in a shaped body according to the invention, each formulation can also be the constituents of a single phase, i.e. the proportions then do not relate to the overall formulation as usual, but to the composition of the individual phase.

Of course, each of the recipes can also contain other ingredients that are common in MGSM (e.g. fillers, preservatives, etc.) in extremely small quantities, with the other ingredients being proportionately varied accordingly.

The production of the shaped bodies according to the invention uses steps which are known in a different context to the knowledge of the person skilled in the art in this field. A preferred embodiment of the shaped body of the first claim contains a depression in a tablet, this depression containing the ingredient (I). In a preferred case, the production takes place in such a way that an indentation is embossed into a shaped body and this indentation is filled. The embossing can be done on a rotary press from Korsch. In the present case, a tablet press from Fette was used. A round tablet shape (26 X 36 mm) was selected and embossed on one side with a stamp 5 mm deep, the base area being chosen such that a volume of 1 ml could be filled in and the tablet subsequently had a smooth surface.

A liquid mixture of paraffin and an active ingredient (I) was then introduced and allowed to cool. This cooling can be supported by common equipment methods.

As already mentioned, the ingredient (I) according to the invention was previously reduced in the amount in the corresponding recipe, which surrounds the filled area, and in the existing examples and studies in the surrounding areas are omitted.

In comparison tests with homogeneous (noninventive ingredient (I)) and some commercially available tablets, the tablets according to the invention proved to be superior.

The special properties of the agents according to the invention were compared with known agents using the example of storage stability. The special properties of the agents according to the invention were compared with known agents using the example of tea cleaning. The special properties of the agents according to the invention were tested in comparison to known agents using the example of cleaning enzyme-relevant soiling.

In addition, the special properties of the agents according to the invention were checked by technically untrained persons under practice-relevant conditions in comparison to homogeneous tablets. Apart from instructions for the dosage and general safety instructions, no influence was taken on the handling of the agents by the group of people in standard dishwashers. This comparison test turned out to be particularly good. The cleaning results were rated as particularly favorable here.

Special results were achieved when a soil release compound was used as the active ingredient (I). In a mixture according to the formula Ra or Va1, up to 2% by weight of polyuronic acids, cationic polymers and hydrophobized polyampholytes were used independently of one another and builder substance was omitted for this purpose. The cleaning performance in a subsequent rinse cycle of milk and starchy dirt was between 10 and 30% better than that of untreated samples.

In a further washing test, samples according to the general formulation Ra, which contained active chlorine (dichloro cyanurate) as the bleaching component, were used once in a homogeneous distribution in the tablet and once according to claim 1, so that the active chlorine was largely separated from other (particularly enzyme-containing) components. The storage stability after two weeks was significantly worse in the case of the homogeneous tablet, so that no satisfactory cleaning effect on milk and more soiling was found. This applies to the normal assembly of the bleaching component in area (I), which in the present case represented a hollow. The effect becomes even clearer when using a mixture of chlorine component and paraffin in a standard program at 55 ° C. The cleaning results were already better immediately after production. The effect increased with storage. Tea, milk, burnt-on meat, burned-in meat, egg and starch mixtures in particular showed significantly better cleaning performance than molded articles without an area containing the ingredient (I), with homogeneously distributed component (I) and some commercially available cleaners.

The effect was already seen with paraffins with a melting point of 40-44 ° C. The effect is more pronounced with paraffins with a melting point of 46-48 ° C. The cleaning effect is special for paraffins with a melting point of 57-60 ° C.

In a further washing test, samples (according to Ra) which contained small amounts of metal catalysts (each Mn catalyst, cobalt catalyst (cobalt pentammine chloro complex) and in one case n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA) as a bleach activator component in a homogeneous distribution used in the tablet and once according to claim 1, so that the activator component was largely separated from other (especially enzyme-containing components) The storage stability after two weeks was significantly poorer in the case of the homogeneous tablet, so that only a little satisfactory cleaning effect on milk and more relevant Soiling was found.

This applies to the normal assembly of the bleach activator component in area (I), which in the present case represented a hollow.

The effect becomes even clearer when using a mixture of activator component and paraffin in a standard program at 55 ° C. The cleaning results were better immediately after production. The effect increased with storage. Tea in particular shows improvements here, but also with milk, burnt-in meat, burned-in meat, egg and starch mixtures, cleaning performance was better than with molded articles without area (I), homogeneously distributed component (I) and commercially available cleaners.

The effect was already seen with paraffins with a melting point of 40-44 ° C. The effect is more pronounced with paraffins with a melting point of 46-48 ° C. The cleaning effect of paraffins with a melting point of 57-60 ° C is also clearly visible.

In a further experiment, samples were used which contained surfactants once in a homogeneous distribution in the tablet and once according to claim 1, so that the surfactant component was largely separated from other components. Here the clear washing results checked. With the effect of using a mixture of surfactant and paraffin in a standard program at 55 ° C, the results were better than with molded articles without area (I), homogeneously distributed component (I) and commercially available cleaners.

The results clearly show that the agents according to the invention are superior to conventional dishwasher tablets.

Claims

Claims:

1. Shaped bodies containing builder substances, bleaches and surfactants, characterized in that a range with more than 80 wt .-%, preferably more than 90 wt .-%, particularly preferably more than 95 wt .-%, very particularly preferably the total amount of one existing ingredient (I) is surrounded in exactly three spatial directions by other ingredients of the molded body.

2. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that this ingredient (I) is a bleaching agent from the group of chlorine and / or oxygen bleaching agents.

3. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that this ingredient (I) is a bleach activator.

4. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that this ingredient (I) is a silver protection agent and / or a soil release compound.

5. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that this ingredient (I) is an enzyme and / or a surfactant.

6. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that this ingredient (I) is a component or a compound for solubility control.

7. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that this ingredient (I) is a mixture of bleach and / or bleach activator and / or silver protective agent and / or soil release compound and / or enzyme and / or a surfactant and / or a component for solubility control and / or other ingredients.

8. Shaped body according to claim 1, characterized in that this ingredient (I) is a mixture of a component or a compound for solubility control and at least one other ingredient from the group consisting of bleach and / or bleach activator and / or silver protection agent and / or Soil-release compound and / or enzyme and / or a surfactant.

9. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one oxygen bleaching agent selected from the group of alkali perborates, alkali percarbonates, organic peracids and hydrogen peroxide is contained.

10. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one bleaching agent selected from the group of T chlorocyanuric acids, the Dichloro- or Monochlorcyanurate, the hypochlorite, and other common chlorine-containing bleaching agents is contained.

11. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a bleach activator, preferably from the group of polyacylated alkylene diamines, in particular tetraacetylethylene diamine (TAED), N-acylimides, in particular N-nonanoylsuccinimide (NOSI), of the acylated phenolsulfonates , in particular n-nonanoyl or isononanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (n- or iso-NOBS), n-methyl-morpholinium-acetonitrile-methyl sulfate (MMA) and / or the bleach-enhancing transition metal complexes, in particular with the central atoms Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo , V, Ti and / or Ru, preferably from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or - complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (amine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (carbonyl) complexes , the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and / or manganese sulfate is contained

12. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more builders from the group of gluconates, low molecular weight polycarboxylic acids and their salts, homopolymeric and copolymeric polycarboxylic acids and their salts, carbonates, phosphates and silicates, preferably trisodium citrate and / or pentasodium tripolyphosphate and / or sodium carbonate and / or sodium bicarbonate and / or gluconates and / or silicate builders from the class of disilicates and / or metasilicates is used.

13. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate as a builder system.

14. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it contains a mixture of tripolyphosphate and sodium carbonate and sodium disilicate as builder system.

15. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the surfactants are selected from the group of nonionic surfactants, preferably the low-foaming nonionic surfactants, very particularly preferably the alkoxylated and / or propoxylated fatty alcohols, the alkyl polyglycosides, the alkyl polyglucamides and / or mixtures of the above surfactants.

16. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in addition at least one silver protective agent selected from the group of triazoles, the benzotriazoles, the bisbenzotriazoles, the aminotriazoles, the alkylaminotriazoles and the transition metal salts or complexes.

17. Shaped body according to claim 16, characterized in that benzotriazole and / or alkylaminotriazole is contained as silver protective agent.

18. Shaped body according to claim 16, characterized in that the transition metal salts are selected from the group of manganese and / or cobalt salts and / or - complexes, particularly preferably the cobalt (amine) complexes, the cobalt (acetate) complexes, the cobalt (Carbonyl) complexes, the chlorides of cobalt or manganese and manganese sulfate.

19. Shaped body according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that it also contains at least one component for solubility control.

20. Shaped body according to claim 19, characterized in that solubility retarders selected from the group of paraffins, the micro-waxes and the high molecular weight polyethylene glycols are included.

21. Shaped body according to claim 20, characterized in that the dissolution time of the entire shaped body is longer than the duration of the pre-wash cycle of a conventional dishwasher.

22. Shaped body according to claim 19, characterized in that the solubility accelerator selected from the group of organic acids, such as. B. citric acid, or a mixture of citric acid / bicarbonate and / or the celluloses and cellulose derivatives are contained.

23. Shaped body according to claim 22, characterized in that the dissolution time of the entire shaped body is shorter than the duration of the main wash cycle of a conventional dishwasher.

24. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that only a further region or a further phase is contained.

25. Shaped body according to one of claims 1- 23, characterized in that two further phases are present.

26. Shaped body according to claim 25, characterized in that the volume ratios of the two further phases are between 10: 1 and 1:10, preferably between 5: 1 and 1: 5, particularly preferably between 2: 1 and 1: 2.

27. Shaped body according to one of claims 1-23, characterized in that three or more further phases are present.

28. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the bleaching component or components, especially the chlorine component, is not assembled together with the perfume component in one phase.

29. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the silver protection component is not made up with one or more of the bleaching components.

30. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the component or components for solubility control is assembled together with the bleach activator.

31. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the component or components for solubility control is assembled together with the enzymes.

32. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the component or components for solubility control is assembled together with the bleaching agent.

33. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the component or components for solubility control is assembled together with the silver protection component.

34. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one of the component or components for solubility control together with at least 50 wt .-%, preferably more than 70 wt .-%, particularly more than 90 wt .-% of a ten-sided or the total surfactant mixture is made up.

35. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that one or more or all areas of the shaped body are colored differently.

36. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a color is red.

37. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a color is green.

38. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a color is yellow.

39. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the color is a mixture of different colors.

40. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the increase in weight of the area with not more than 40% of the surface containing more than 80 wt .-% of an ingredient (I) when stored under normal household conditions, d. H. between 15 and 30 ° C. and between 5 and 55% atmospheric humidity, preferably 15 and 35% atmospheric humidity for a period of 30 days, preferably 60 days, particularly preferably 90 days, not more than 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% %, very particularly preferably not more than 30% by weight, extremely preferably not more than 20% by weight and extremely preferably not more than 10% by weight, at best not more than 5% by weight.

41. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that loss of active substance (I) of the area with not more than 40% of the surface containing more than 80 wt .-% of an ingredient when stored under normal household conditions, d. H. between 15 and 30 ° C. and between 5 and 55% atmospheric humidity, preferably 15 and 35% atmospheric humidity for a period of 30 days, preferably 60 days, particularly preferably 90 days, not more than 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% %, very particularly preferably not more than 30% by weight, extremely preferably not more than 20% by weight and extremely preferably not more than 10% by weight, at best not more than 5% by weight.

42. Shaped body according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorption maximum of a 1% solution of a colored area or a colored component when stored under normal household conditions, d. H. between 15 and 30 ° C and between 5 and 55% atmospheric humidity, preferably 15 and 35% atmospheric humidity for a period of 30 days, preferably 60 days, particularly preferably 90 days, not more than 100 wave numbers, preferably not more than 50 wave numbers, very particularly preferably not more than 30 wave numbers, extremely preferably not more than 20 wave numbers and most preferably not more than 10 wave numbers, at best not more than 5 wave numbers.