Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/64—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor for making damp-proof; Protection against corrosion
  • E04B1/644—Damp-proof courses
  • E04B1/646—Damp-proof courses obtained by removal and replacement of a horizontal layer of an existing wall
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
  • E02D31/02—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against ground humidity or ground water
  • E02D31/025—Draining membranes, sheets or fabric specially adapted therefor, e.g. with dimples
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
  • E04B1/66—Sealings
  • E04B1/665—Sheets or foils impervious to water and water vapor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/0007—Base structures; Cellars

Definitions

• the technical solution provided by this invention consists of targeted, mechanical and stepwise cutting through damp walls of civil engineering structures and monuments attacked by capillary moisture and of furnishing the horizontal cuts with the proposed PVC barrier that acts as a new damp-proof course or waterproofing system, preventing wetting by capillary forces and subsidence that is commonly followed by fracturing of the treated walls.
• the invention may be classified E 04 B 1/62; E 04 F 21/00; E 04 G 9/10; E 04 G 23/06.
• the technical solution provided by the subject invention and technique is in that the damp walls are mechanically, in a stepwise procedure, bisected at the target level (wall thickness and building material are irrelevant issues in the application of this patent) and the damp-proof barrier is fitted as a new waterproofing system that prevents rising of capillary water and wall wetting.
• the system - owing to its inherent properties - assumes the load of the superposed section, prevents subsidence and possible fracturing or fissuring of the treated structures.
• Patent and other documentation show that several methods are applied in the efforts to rehabilitate and preserve civil engineering structures damaged by capillary moisture, particularly structures of historical value. — Giovanni Massari Method
• the technique is based on penetrating the wall by overlapping sequences of horizontal holes bored with cylindrical, diamond-bit tools and injection of a flour and fine-grained sand blend bonded with polyester resin. Note that the polymerization of the fill is completed in three to four hours.
• the disadvantages of this method include time-consuming and expensive boring of many holes, incomplete control of bore filling, limitations imposed by wall thickness (untreatability of walls thicker than 130 cm), and frequent fracturing and fissuring of the injected waterproofing system due to differential structure settlement.
• the method is inapplicable to old structures built of different materials (brick+stone+brick) or to loose or insufficiently compacted walls.
• the rehabilitation is based on direct insertion (driving in) of corrugated prochrome steel sheets as moisture barriers with a vibrating power press through wall joints.
• the wall is cut only at the joints; cutting widths range from 20 to 120 cm and cut heights from 8 to 14 mm.
• the cuts are fitted with waterproof material, either bituminous bands, technical PVC foils or plasto-elastic fiberglass sheets (made of glass voile and epoxy resin).
• the bands are cut and placed to overlap for 5 to 10 cm.
• plastic inserts, "zeppas” are fitted perpendicular to the wall axis as temporary load supports until the injected mortar-plus-additive (expander) blend sets.
• the method requires horizontal, 12 to 16 mm high cuts in 20 to 50 cm wide intervals with self-propelled machines. After cleaning the cuts, viscous cement mortar, with accelerators and expanders added to the slurry, is injected. This is followed by successive assembling and fitting of UMIBLOK bars, an operation that has to be completed before the slurry sets.
• the 8 mm high, PVC, UMIBLOK bars with rigid beveled profiles are extrusion products.
• the essential scope of their application is waterproofing.
• the gist of the invention and method is the Plastic Profiled Semi-Rigid Barrier. Barrier joints are interlocked into a single and continuous horizontal plate that bars all moisturizing by capillary and osmotic forces. The shape, structure and other relevant features of the barrier allow fitting into wet walls.
• the product - Plastic Profiled Semi-Rigid Barrier - is patented conjointly with the method and procedure of rehabilitating buildings and monuments damaged by the harmful effects of capillary moisture.
• the Plastic Profiled Semi-Rigid Barrier solves two (2) crucial problems: a) once fitted into the wall cut, it acts as an impervious, waterproof barrier, and b) prevents structure subsidence.
• the walls wet with capillary moisture are bisected using one of the alternative cutting techniques:
• stone and mixed material (brick + stone) walls are cut with power tools and diamond wire saw at the target height regardless of the position of wall joints.
• Cut height, CH is a variable dependent on the cutting tool; cut heights may be 8.00; 9.00; 11.00; 12.00 or 16.00 mm (Fig. 3).
• a high-pressure pump forces the viscous slurry of cement mortar with plasticizer and retarder added into the created cuts.
• the performance of these additives are opposite to those in the UMIBLOK® method that employs accelerators and expanders.
• the here described method requires superplasticizers and retarders to provide the viscous cement mortar with superplasticity and to prolong the wait-on-cement time for 8 to 10 hours. Special and long enough 'needles' allow positive filling along and across the wall cut.
• the Plastic Profiled Semi— Rigid Barrier joints are lightly hammered into the cuts filled with the cement slurry. The barrier joints are securely connected by male (MC) and female ⁇ FC) couplings.
• the injected mortar slurry completely coats and embeds the barrier so that, after cement setting and crystallization, the components of the system create a strong, compact, monolith and watertight protection. Temporarily or until the injected slurry fully sets, the vertical fins (F) support the load of the structure above the cut. Thus, the combined load capacity of the barrier and the injected mortar completely substitutes the wall joint.
• wet wall be of brick and lime mortar and let the wall thickness, t, be 130 cm.
• the wall is cut at the joint with Widia chain. In this case, the typical cut height is 12 mm.
• the wall is cut in stages, cutting interval width being approximately 50 to 60 cm depending on the state of the wall.
• the total cut height is mechanically cleaned to remove mortar or brick particles, or their aggregates.
• a pressure pump forces additive enriched, cement-mortar slurry into the clean cut, the additives being superplasticizers and retarders.
• the retarder allows ample wait-on-cement time and removes the risk of premature and uncontrolled cement mortar setting.
• the retarder postpones setting for some eight to ten hours making frequent pump cleaning unnecessary.
• the pumps are cleaned and washed once a day, by the end of the working hours.
• cut height, CH is set at 12 mm and wall thickness, t, at 130 cm.
• Fig. 1 shows the Plastic Profiled Semi— Rigid Barrier No. 1.
• Rigid Barrier No. 1 is an extruder product made essentially in rigid polyvinylchloride (PVC) enriched with various additives to improve its mechanical properties like hardness, strength, toughness, elasticity, impermeability, and to enhance its resistance to the harmful action of aggressive chemicals like acids, alkalis and salts. Some additives serve to neutralize thermal effects; the UV stabilizator improves the resistance to ultraviolet radiation.
• PVC polyvinylchloride
• Fig. 2 shows the Plastic Profiled Semi-Rigid Barrier No. 2 identical with respect to material composition, chemical and physical properties and mechanical performance to Barrier No. 1.
• the shape and design of the female coupling (FC) make the only difference.
• the FC is a semi-open sphere, SS, stronger and more rugged.
• the length, X, of a barrier joint is not limited.
• the profile, shape, size, number, height, thickness and spacing of the fins, F are designed so that the fins can assume the total load of the structure above the cut during barrier fitting. Also, their profile allows unobstructed penetration into the injected mortar throughout the fitting operation.
• the Plastic Profiled Semi— Rigid Barriers No. 1 and No. 2 are both designed and made so that their length X may be theoretically infinite.
• the barriers consist of a plane plate denominated ⁇ ; their total width is W, their wall thickness t.
• the horizontal plane of the plate a is intersected with a sufficient number of vertical fins, F, at S intervals or spacing.
• Wall thickness, t is identical to the thickness of plate a.
• Total fin height is h.
• Fin spacing, S, and wall thickness, t are variables in function of the calculated load and static load capacity of the Plastic Profiled Semi-Rigid Barriers No. 1 and No. 2.
• the barrier joints are interconnected via male and female couplings (MC and FC, respectively) to form a permanent and unbreakable tie.
• the male coupling, MC is a cylinder, C; its diameter is denoted d.
• Cylinder C is an integral part of the horizontal plate, a, and its length equals the length of the barrier, X.
• FC the design of the female coupling, FC, depends on the barrier type.
• the coupling is a semi-open, rectangular, pentagonal box of infinite length X.
• One end of the female coupling, FC is made integral part of the barrier or, more specifically, of its horizontal plate, ⁇ .
• the other end has two inward bent, semi-open claws, K.
• the coupling cross-section is a spherical semi-open box of infinite length X.
• One end of the coupling is an integral part of the barrier plate as it is continuous with the plane of the horizontal plate a.
• the other end, designated SPH is semi-open, spherical and bevel tipped.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)
• Revetment (AREA)
• Cosmetics (AREA)
• Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
• Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
• Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
• Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
• Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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• 1998
  • 1998-07-01 YU YU27398A patent/YU49324B/sh unknown
  • 1998-11-02 EP EP98958117A patent/EP1042565B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-11-02 WO PCT/YU1998/000020 patent/WO2000001899A1/fr active Application Filing
  • 1998-11-02 PT PT98958117T patent/PT1042565E/pt unknown
  • 1998-11-02 AU AU14218/99A patent/AU1421899A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1998-11-02 AT AT98958117T patent/ATE318349T1/de active
  • 1998-11-02 DE DE69833563T patent/DE69833563T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1998-11-02 DK DK98958117T patent/DK1042565T3/da active
  • 1998-11-02 ES ES98958117T patent/ES2259215T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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