EP1040727A2 - Moving-coil loudspeaker - Google Patents

Moving-coil loudspeaker

Info

Publication number
EP1040727A2
EP1040727A2 EP98955893A EP98955893A EP1040727A2 EP 1040727 A2 EP1040727 A2 EP 1040727A2 EP 98955893 A EP98955893 A EP 98955893A EP 98955893 A EP98955893 A EP 98955893A EP 1040727 A2 EP1040727 A2 EP 1040727A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnetic body
frame
moving
coil loudspeaker
loudspeaker
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98955893A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1040727B1 (en
Inventor
Francesco Di Summa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Macklaine di Francesco di Summa E C SNC
Original Assignee
Macklaine di Francesco di Summa E C SNC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=11342632&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1040727(A2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Macklaine di Francesco di Summa E C SNC filed Critical Macklaine di Francesco di Summa E C SNC
Publication of EP1040727A2 publication Critical patent/EP1040727A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1040727B1 publication Critical patent/EP1040727B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/04—Construction, mounting, or centering of coil
    • H04R9/041—Centering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/06—Loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R7/00—Diaphragms for electromechanical transducers; Cones
    • H04R7/16—Mounting or tensioning of diaphragms or cones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a moving-coil loudspeaker .
  • loudspeakers comprise a frame or basket having two coaxial portions, one truncated-cone-shaped and the other cylindrical; a magnetic body housed coaxially with the frame axis inside the cylindrical portion of the frame; a cone or diaphragm housed in axially-movable manner inside the truncated- cone-shaped portion of the frame, with the smaller peripheral edge coaxial with the magnetic body, and the larger peripheral edge connected to the frame by an elastic annular membrane; and an actuating coil fitted to the smaller peripheral edge of the cone so as to slide on the magnetic body.
  • Known loudspeakers also comprise an elastic centering and damping membrane connecting the actuating coil to the cylindrical portion of the frame to keep the coil coaxial with the magnetic body as the cone moves axially; and a protective cap fitted to the cone to cover and protect the portion of the magnetic body projecting inside the cone.
  • the loudspeaker frame must obviously be so sized as to prevent the protective cap fitted to the cone from knocking against the magnetic body when the cone is backed up inside the frame by the forces generated in the coil by the interaction of the magnetic field and the electric current circulating in the coil .
  • a major drawback of the above structure lies in the total height of the loudspeaker, i.e. the length measured along the frame axis, not being reducible below a minimum value depending on the axial size of the magnetic body and on the size and maximum axial travel of the cone; which limitation runs counter to current market demand for increasingly shorter loudspeakers for a given acoustic efficiency.
  • a moving-coil loudspeaker comprising a substantially cup-shaped frame; a magnetic body fitted integrally to the frame and inside the frame itself; a diaphragm fitted movably inside said frame; and an actuating coil fitted integrally to the diaphragm and in sliding manner to said magnetic body; said loudspeaker being characterized by comprising a first annular centering and damping membrane connecting said diaphragm to said magnetic body.
  • Figure 1 shows a section, with parts removed for clarity, of a loudspeaker in accordance with the teachings of the present invention
  • Figures 2 , 3 and 4 show sections of respective variations of the Figure 1 loudspeaker.
  • Number 1 in Figure 1 indicates as a whole a loudspeaker comprising a substantially cup-shaped frame 2; a magnetic body 3 fitted to the bottom of frame 2 and coaxial with axis A of frame 2 ; and a cone or diaphragm 4 housed coaxially with axis A inside frame 2, with the smaller peripheral edge 5 facing and coaxial with magnetic body 3 , and with the larger peripheral edge 6 at the opening of frame 2.
  • Loudspeaker 1 also comprises an elastic annular supporting membrane 7 connecting the larger peripheral edge 6 of cone 4 to the edge defining the opening of frame 2; and an actuating coil 8 fitted in sliding manner to magnetic body 3 and fitted to the smaller peripheral edge 5 of cone 4.
  • Elastic annular membrane 7 is so formed as to permit axial displacement of cone 4, and coil 8 is immersed in the magnetic field generated by magnetic body 3 , so that cone 4 is moved axially inside frame 2 by the forces generated by the interaction of the magnetic field and any electric current circulating in coil 8.
  • Electric current is supplied to coil 8 by two terminals (not shown) made of electrically conducting material.
  • coil 8 comprises four layers of electrically conducting wire wound about a cylindrical tubular element fitted in sliding manner to magnetic body 3.
  • frame 2 is substantially truncated-cone-shaped and preferably, though not necessarily, made of nonferromagnetic material .
  • Magnetic body 3 is substantially cylindrical, and comprises two substantially tablet-shaped permanent magnets 10, and a spacer washer 11 made of ferromagnetic material and interposed between the two permanent magnets 10 to form a stack coaxial with axis A.
  • Permanent magnets 10 are magnetized in a direction parallel to axis A, and are stacked with similar poles facing spacer washer 11.
  • magnetic body 3 comprises a further two washers 12 preferably, though not necessarily, made of nonferromagnetic material, and which are arranged coaxial with axis A and each contacting a respective permanent magnet 10.
  • magnetic body 3 is fitted to frame 2 by a lock bolt 13 , which comprises a screw 13a extending coaxially with axis A through the bottom wall of frame 2 and through washers 12, magnets 10 and spacer washer 11; and a nut 13b screwed to the end of screw 13a.
  • lock bolt 13 also prevents the stack defined by washers 12, magnets 10 and spacer washer 11 from being parted by the tendency of the two permanent magnets 10 to repel each other.
  • Loudspeaker 1 also comprises a first centering membrane 14 connecting the inner surface 15 of cone 4 to the free end 16 of magnetic body 3 ; and a second centering membrane 17 connecting coil 8, i.e. cone 4, to the lateral wall 18 of frame 2. Both centering membranes 14 and 17 are so formed as to only permit axial displacement of cone 4 and coil 8. Both centering membranes 14 and 17 also provide for damping oscillation of cone 4, and for preventing operation of loudspeaker 1 from being impaired by dirt settling in the gap between magnetic body 3 and coil 8.
  • magnetic body 3 of loudspeaker 1 has neither of washers 12.
  • one of washers 12 of magnetic body 3 (in Figure 3, the one interposed between permanent magnet 10 and the bottom wall of frame 2) is replaced by a substantially tablet-shaped auxiliary permanent magnet 20 magnetized in a direction parallel to axis A of frame 2; and permanent magnet 10 and auxiliary permanent magnet 20 are arranged with dissimilar poles facing each other.
  • both washers 12 are replaced by respective substantially tablet-shaped auxiliary permanent magnets 20 magnetized in a direction parallel to axis A of frame 2 ; and each auxiliary permanent magnet 20 and the corresponding permanent magnet 10 are arranged with dissimilar poles facing each other .
  • loudspeaker 1 is without washer 12 at free end 16 of magnetic body 3, and the washer 12 interposed between permanent magnet 10 and the bottom wall of frame 2 may be replaced by an auxiliary permanent magnet similar to the one in the Figure 4 variation.
  • loudspeaker 1 is without elastic centering membrane 17.
  • loudspeaker 1 Operation of loudspeaker 1 is self-explanatory from the foregoing description.
  • loudspeaker 1 lies in magnetic body 3 extending inside and substantially the full height of frame 2, i.e. along the whole length of frame 2 measured along axis A, thus enabling a considerable reduction in size.
  • the above construction design provides for producing a loudspeaker 1 of a height approximately equal to but no less than the length of magnetic body 3 measured along axis A.
  • loudspeaker 1 lies in the mechanical stress produced by the displacement of cone 4 now being discharged by two elastic centering membranes as opposed to one, which means elastic centering membranes 14 and 17 may be made of lighter, more elastic material to improve the overall acoustic efficiency of loudspeaker 1.
  • a further advantage lies in the provision of washers 12 , which may be either removed or replaced by auxiliary permanent magnets 20 to vary the characteristics of magnetic body 3 according to the application of loudspeaker 1.
  • loudspeaker 1 as described and illustrated herein without, however, departing from the scope of the present invention.

Abstract

A loudspeaker (1) having a substantially cup-shaped frame (2); a magnetic body (3) extending inside the frame (2) and coaxial with a longitudinal axis (A) of the frame (2); a substantially truncated-cone-shaped diaphragm (4) fitted in axially-sliding manner to the magnetic body (3); and an actuating coil (8) fitted in axially-sliding manner to the magnetic body (3) and integral with the diaphragm (4); the loudspeaker (1) also having a first annular centering and damping membrane (14) connecting the magnetic body (3) to the diaphragm (4); and a second annular centering and damping membrane (17) connecting the coil (8) to the lateral wall (18) of the frame (2).

Description

MOVING-COIL LOUDSPEAKER
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a moving-coil loudspeaker .
BACKGROUND ART
As is known, at present, loudspeakers comprise a frame or basket having two coaxial portions, one truncated-cone-shaped and the other cylindrical; a magnetic body housed coaxially with the frame axis inside the cylindrical portion of the frame; a cone or diaphragm housed in axially-movable manner inside the truncated- cone-shaped portion of the frame, with the smaller peripheral edge coaxial with the magnetic body, and the larger peripheral edge connected to the frame by an elastic annular membrane; and an actuating coil fitted to the smaller peripheral edge of the cone so as to slide on the magnetic body. Known loudspeakers also comprise an elastic centering and damping membrane connecting the actuating coil to the cylindrical portion of the frame to keep the coil coaxial with the magnetic body as the cone moves axially; and a protective cap fitted to the cone to cover and protect the portion of the magnetic body projecting inside the cone. The loudspeaker frame must obviously be so sized as to prevent the protective cap fitted to the cone from knocking against the magnetic body when the cone is backed up inside the frame by the forces generated in the coil by the interaction of the magnetic field and the electric current circulating in the coil .
A major drawback of the above structure lies in the total height of the loudspeaker, i.e. the length measured along the frame axis, not being reducible below a minimum value depending on the axial size of the magnetic body and on the size and maximum axial travel of the cone; which limitation runs counter to current market demand for increasingly shorter loudspeakers for a given acoustic efficiency.
DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a loudspeaker designed to enable a reduction in total height below present limits .
According to the present invention, there is provided a moving-coil loudspeaker comprising a substantially cup-shaped frame; a magnetic body fitted integrally to the frame and inside the frame itself; a diaphragm fitted movably inside said frame; and an actuating coil fitted integrally to the diaphragm and in sliding manner to said magnetic body; said loudspeaker being characterized by comprising a first annular centering and damping membrane connecting said diaphragm to said magnetic body.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A non-limiting embodiment of the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 shows a section, with parts removed for clarity, of a loudspeaker in accordance with the teachings of the present invention;
Figures 2 , 3 and 4 show sections of respective variations of the Figure 1 loudspeaker. BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Number 1 in Figure 1 indicates as a whole a loudspeaker comprising a substantially cup-shaped frame 2; a magnetic body 3 fitted to the bottom of frame 2 and coaxial with axis A of frame 2 ; and a cone or diaphragm 4 housed coaxially with axis A inside frame 2, with the smaller peripheral edge 5 facing and coaxial with magnetic body 3 , and with the larger peripheral edge 6 at the opening of frame 2.
Loudspeaker 1 also comprises an elastic annular supporting membrane 7 connecting the larger peripheral edge 6 of cone 4 to the edge defining the opening of frame 2; and an actuating coil 8 fitted in sliding manner to magnetic body 3 and fitted to the smaller peripheral edge 5 of cone 4. Elastic annular membrane 7 is so formed as to permit axial displacement of cone 4, and coil 8 is immersed in the magnetic field generated by magnetic body 3 , so that cone 4 is moved axially inside frame 2 by the forces generated by the interaction of the magnetic field and any electric current circulating in coil 8. Electric current is supplied to coil 8 by two terminals (not shown) made of electrically conducting material. In the example shown, coil 8 comprises four layers of electrically conducting wire wound about a cylindrical tubular element fitted in sliding manner to magnetic body 3.
With reference to Figure 1, frame 2 is substantially truncated-cone-shaped and preferably, though not necessarily, made of nonferromagnetic material .
Magnetic body 3 is substantially cylindrical, and comprises two substantially tablet-shaped permanent magnets 10, and a spacer washer 11 made of ferromagnetic material and interposed between the two permanent magnets 10 to form a stack coaxial with axis A. Permanent magnets 10 are magnetized in a direction parallel to axis A, and are stacked with similar poles facing spacer washer 11. In the example shown, magnetic body 3 comprises a further two washers 12 preferably, though not necessarily, made of nonferromagnetic material, and which are arranged coaxial with axis A and each contacting a respective permanent magnet 10.
In the example shown, magnetic body 3 is fitted to frame 2 by a lock bolt 13 , which comprises a screw 13a extending coaxially with axis A through the bottom wall of frame 2 and through washers 12, magnets 10 and spacer washer 11; and a nut 13b screwed to the end of screw 13a. Besides fitting magnetic body 3 integrally to frame 2, bolt 13 also prevents the stack defined by washers 12, magnets 10 and spacer washer 11 from being parted by the tendency of the two permanent magnets 10 to repel each other.
Loudspeaker 1 also comprises a first centering membrane 14 connecting the inner surface 15 of cone 4 to the free end 16 of magnetic body 3 ; and a second centering membrane 17 connecting coil 8, i.e. cone 4, to the lateral wall 18 of frame 2. Both centering membranes 14 and 17 are so formed as to only permit axial displacement of cone 4 and coil 8. Both centering membranes 14 and 17 also provide for damping oscillation of cone 4, and for preventing operation of loudspeaker 1 from being impaired by dirt settling in the gap between magnetic body 3 and coil 8.
In the Figure 2 variation, magnetic body 3 of loudspeaker 1 has neither of washers 12.
In the Figure 3 variation, one of washers 12 of magnetic body 3 (in Figure 3, the one interposed between permanent magnet 10 and the bottom wall of frame 2) is replaced by a substantially tablet-shaped auxiliary permanent magnet 20 magnetized in a direction parallel to axis A of frame 2; and permanent magnet 10 and auxiliary permanent magnet 20 are arranged with dissimilar poles facing each other.
In the Figure 4 variation, both washers 12 are replaced by respective substantially tablet-shaped auxiliary permanent magnets 20 magnetized in a direction parallel to axis A of frame 2 ; and each auxiliary permanent magnet 20 and the corresponding permanent magnet 10 are arranged with dissimilar poles facing each other .
In a first variation not shown, loudspeaker 1 is without washer 12 at free end 16 of magnetic body 3, and the washer 12 interposed between permanent magnet 10 and the bottom wall of frame 2 may be replaced by an auxiliary permanent magnet similar to the one in the Figure 4 variation. In a further variation not shown, loudspeaker 1 is without elastic centering membrane 17.
Operation of loudspeaker 1 is self-explanatory from the foregoing description.
The main advantage of loudspeaker 1 as illustrated and described above lies in magnetic body 3 extending inside and substantially the full height of frame 2, i.e. along the whole length of frame 2 measured along axis A, thus enabling a considerable reduction in size. In particular, the above construction design provides for producing a loudspeaker 1 of a height approximately equal to but no less than the length of magnetic body 3 measured along axis A.
A further advantage of loudspeaker 1 lies in the mechanical stress produced by the displacement of cone 4 now being discharged by two elastic centering membranes as opposed to one, which means elastic centering membranes 14 and 17 may be made of lighter, more elastic material to improve the overall acoustic efficiency of loudspeaker 1.
A further advantage lies in the provision of washers 12 , which may be either removed or replaced by auxiliary permanent magnets 20 to vary the characteristics of magnetic body 3 according to the application of loudspeaker 1.
Clearly, changes may be made to loudspeaker 1 as described and illustrated herein without, however, departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1) A moving-coil loudspeaker (1) comprising a substantially cup-shaped frame (2) ; a magnetic body (3) fitted integrally to the frame (2) and inside the frame
(2) itself; a diaphragm (4) fitted movably inside said frame (2) ; and an actuating coil (8) fitted integrally to the diaphragm (4) and in sliding manner to said magnetic body (3) ; said loudspeaker (1) being characterized by comprising a first annular centering and damping membrane (14) connecting said diaphragm (4) to said magnetic body
(3) .
2) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that said diaphragm (4) is substantially truncated-cone-shaped and is fitted in sliding manner to said magnetic body (3) ; said first annular centering and damping membrane (14) connecting the magnetic body (3) to the surface (15) of the diaphragm (4) facing the magnetic body (3) . 3) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in Claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising a second annular centering and damping membrane (17) connecting said frame (2) to said actuating coil (8) .
4) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in any one of the foregoing Claims, characterized in that said magnetic body (3) extends inside the frame (2) coaxially with a main axis (A) , and comprises a spacer element (11) coaxial with said main axis (A) , and two permanent magnets (10) coaxial with said main axis (A) and on opposite sides of said spacer element (11) ; said spacer element (11) being made of ferromagnetic material. 5) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in Claim 4, characterized in that said permanent magnets (10) are substantially table -shaped, are magnetized in a direction parallel to said main axis (A) , and are arranged with similar poles facing the spacer element (11) .
6) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in Claim 4 or 5, characterized in that said magnetic body (3) comprises at least one washer (12) coaxial with said main axis (A) and contacting a respective permanent magnet (10) ; said washer (12) being made of nonferromagnetic material .
7) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in any one of Claims 4 , 5 and 6 , characterized in that said magnetic body (3) comprises at least one auxiliary permanent magnet (20) coaxial with said main axis (A) and contacting a respective permanent magnet (10) .
8) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in Claim 7, characterized in that said auxiliary permanent magnet
(20) is substantially tablet-shaped and is magnetized in a direction parallel to said main axis (A) .
9) A moving-coil loudspeaker as claimed in any one of the foregoing Claims , characterized in that said actuating coil (8) is coaxial with said magnetic body (3) and comprises four layers of electrically conducting wire wound about a cylindrical tubular element fitted in sliding manner to said magnetic body (3) .
EP98955893A 1997-11-06 1998-11-06 Moving-coil loudspeaker Expired - Lifetime EP1040727B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBO970658 1997-11-06
IT97BO000658A IT1296539B1 (en) 1997-11-06 1997-11-06 SPEAKER WITH MOBILE COIL.
PCT/IT1998/000310 WO1999025149A2 (en) 1997-11-06 1998-11-06 Moving-coil loudspeaker

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1040727A2 true EP1040727A2 (en) 2000-10-04
EP1040727B1 EP1040727B1 (en) 2002-10-16

Family

ID=11342632

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98955893A Expired - Lifetime EP1040727B1 (en) 1997-11-06 1998-11-06 Moving-coil loudspeaker

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1040727B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2001523079A (en)
KR (1) KR20010031843A (en)
CN (1) CN1282502A (en)
AT (1) ATE226384T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1257999A (en)
CA (1) CA2309209A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69808799T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2186239T3 (en)
IT (1) IT1296539B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1999025149A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009024566A1 (en) * 2009-06-08 2010-12-09 Norman Gerkinsmeyer center bead
GB2480058A (en) * 2010-05-04 2011-11-09 Tzu-Chung Chang Inner spider or damper arrangement for a loudspeaker

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4239943A (en) 1977-11-17 1980-12-16 Cerwin Vega, Inc. Adjustable dual spider for a loudspeaker
US4737992A (en) 1985-11-15 1988-04-12 Bose Corporation Compact electroacoustical transducer with spider covering rear basket opening

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0039740B1 (en) * 1979-11-09 1985-06-26 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Loud-speaker
JPS5838097A (en) * 1981-08-28 1983-03-05 Hitachi Ltd Loudspeaker system
NL8200416A (en) * 1982-02-04 1983-09-01 Philips Nv FLAT MEMBRANE CONVERTER AND METHOD FOR MAKING SUCH A CONVERTER
JPH04500890A (en) * 1988-10-03 1992-02-13 ハーマン　インターナショナル　インダストリーズ，インコーポレイテッド Structure of electrodynamic converter
DE4021000A1 (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-01-16 Hubertus Doepke HI=FI loudspeaker with sprung coupling member - has mechanical oscillation element controlled by movement of electrical conductor within magnetic field
DE4130460A1 (en) * 1991-09-13 1993-03-18 Nokia Deutschland Gmbh ELECTROMAGNETIC CONVERTER

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4239943A (en) 1977-11-17 1980-12-16 Cerwin Vega, Inc. Adjustable dual spider for a loudspeaker
US4737992A (en) 1985-11-15 1988-04-12 Bose Corporation Compact electroacoustical transducer with spider covering rear basket opening

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1282502A (en) 2001-01-31
WO1999025149A2 (en) 1999-05-20
CA2309209A1 (en) 1999-05-20
AU1257999A (en) 1999-05-31
ES2186239T3 (en) 2003-05-01
DE69808799T2 (en) 2003-07-03
ITBO970658A1 (en) 1999-05-06
EP1040727B1 (en) 2002-10-16
KR20010031843A (en) 2001-04-16
DE69808799D1 (en) 2002-11-21
ITBO970658A0 (en) 1997-11-06
IT1296539B1 (en) 1999-07-09
WO1999025149A3 (en) 1999-07-22
ATE226384T1 (en) 2002-11-15
JP2001523079A (en) 2001-11-20

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