EP1032961B1 - Antenna system and method for operating an antenna system - Google Patents
Antenna system and method for operating an antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- EP1032961B1 EP1032961B1 EP98954650A EP98954650A EP1032961B1 EP 1032961 B1 EP1032961 B1 EP 1032961B1 EP 98954650 A EP98954650 A EP 98954650A EP 98954650 A EP98954650 A EP 98954650A EP 1032961 B1 EP1032961 B1 EP 1032961B1
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- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- reception
- minimum
- received
- auxiliary antenna
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005433 ionosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005436 troposphere Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
- H01Q3/2611—Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling
- H01Q3/2629—Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
- G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
- G01S19/13—Receivers
- G01S19/21—Interference related issues ; Issues related to cross-correlation, spoofing or other methods of denial of service
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/2813—Means providing a modification of the radiation pattern for cancelling noise, clutter or interfering signals, e.g. side lobe suppression, side lobe blanking, null-steering arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/29—Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic
Definitions
- the invention relates to an antenna system with a Omnidirectional antenna and with a (first) auxiliary antenna, the Receiving signals in terms of amplitude and phase can be combined in a desired direction of the room there is a minimum reception.
- the reception minimum serves
- the signals of an interferer (jammer) who is receiving the antenna system disturbs to dampen sufficiently strong, so that Useful signals from other directions than that of the interferer can be received.
- Such an antenna system with a broadcast antenna and two Auxiliary antennas, their received signals in terms of amplitude and phase can be combined that in a desired direction of the room Receiving minimum consists of HIRATA K ET AL: "A METHOD FOR ARRANGEMENT OF AUXILIARY ANTENNAS TO MINIMIZE THE INFLUENCE OF THE INCIDENT DIRECTIONS OF INTERFERENCES ON SUPPRESSION PERFORMANCE IN A MULTIPLE SIDELOBE CANCELLER "ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, PART I - COMMUNICATIONS, Vol. 80, No. 1, January 1997, pages 110-111, XP000687331.
- Omnidirectional antennas are well suited for reception of signals from satellites, particularly those relating to orbiting satellites are transmitted.
- satellites particularly those relating to orbiting satellites are transmitted.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- GPS receivers tolerate interference power up to one certain dimension are greater than the GPS reception power. In to large interference power is nevertheless a reduction in Interference power required.
- the invention has for its object a possibility to create the solid angle range with strong Attenuation of the received signal in the vicinity of the interferer, more generally the area around the spatial direction, in which a reception minimum is to be generated compared to known antenna system is reduced. This task will by the features of claim 1 and by the features of independent claim 7 solved.
- the arrangement can be such that that the former auxiliary antenna in cooperation with the Main antenna only generates a single reception minimum during operation or multiple reception minima generated.
- the other too Auxiliary antenna can only work in conjunction with the main antenna generate a single reception minimum or multiple reception minima. It is preferred that one of the auxiliary antennas (in the example the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna), only a single reception minimum generated, and that the other auxiliary antenna one Generated a plurality of reception minima.
- both the damping by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna is achieved alone (if necessary through cooperation with the broadcast antenna) and the Attenuation achieved by the additional auxiliary antenna alone (if necessary again in cooperation with the Round antenna) dimensioned so that also in the area of Minimum reception of the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna or all Reception minima of the further auxiliary antenna the reception of the desired user signals, e.g. from satellites, in particular Location satellites, is still reliably possible.
- An advantage of the invention is that it is available of satellite signals compared to the prior art is enlarged, so that the invention in particular for safety-relevant systems, for example for permanent Aircraft approaching an airport accurate position signals is suitable.
- the former auxiliary antenna and / or the other Auxiliary antenna can also be a omnidirectional antenna, in particular with a hemispherical reception area.
- the advantage lies in the fact that electrical measures alone (Change of gain or damping, setting one suitable phase shift between the signals of the Auxiliary antennas and the omnidirectional antenna) the direction of the combined reception minimums in a wide solid angle range can be adjusted. But it may in certain Applications may also be possible as auxiliary antennas use that already have a certain directionality, especially when the interferer is immobile, so that a mechanical tracking of the antenna is not required. Such However, antennas are designed to attenuate interference signals other directions may be less suitable. There a Interferers that are generally close to the horizon are as Auxiliary antennas useful such broadcast antennas that in the Have a minimum reception in the direction vertically upwards.
- GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
- a ground station 1 is practical in the example simultaneous reception of a plurality of GPS satellites 2 trained who emit time signals in a known manner, where at the location of the receiving station Arrival of the signals and those impressed on the satellite signals Time the runtime of the signals and thus the Distance of the respective satellite from the location of the ground station can be determined.
- the ground station 1 has a main antenna M, a first one Auxiliary antenna A1 and a second auxiliary antenna A2. All Antennas are those with an almost hemispherical Reception characteristics, i.e. they take signals out practically in all directions above ground Hemisphere. As a result, they are also able to receive the signals to be received by satellites very close to the horizon.
- the first auxiliary antenna A1 has M from the main antenna a distance d1 that is smaller than a wavelength of radio frequency radiated from the satellite. Appropriately this distance, for example, about 0.5 to 0.6 wavelengths. in the Example is d1 half a wavelength. Through this relative a small reception minimum is generated.
- the second auxiliary antenna A2 is at a distance from the main antenna M. d2, which is much larger than dl.
- d2 is 1 to 2 Wavelengths.
- d2 about 1.5 wavelengths.
- the distance between the two Auxiliary antennas is d and is as large as d1 in the example but also have other values.
- the output lines of each of the antennas carry signals EM (for the main antenna M), E1 (for the auxiliary antenna A1) and E2 (for the auxiliary antenna A2).
- the output lines of the three Antennas are each via a bandpass (BP) 5, through which signals outside the frequency range of interest can be suppressed, a low noise amplifier (LNA) 7 fed.
- the output lines of the low noise amplifier 7 are designated by the reference numerals 8 to 10.
- In the Output lines 9 and 10 of the two auxiliary antennas A1 and A2 is a digitally controllable, changing the amplitude (namely enlarging or reducing) electronic Gain / attenuator 11 and a phase changing digitally controllable phase element 12 switched.
- Attenuator 13 In the output line 8 of the main antenna M can, if necessary Attenuator 13 be turned on.
- the in amplitude and Phase and possibly by the attenuator 13th changed signals on lines 8 to 10 are one Summing element 15 supplied.
- a divider 16 carries part of the combined signal, possibly via a low-noise Amplifier 17, a GPS receiver 19 and others electronic devices of the ground station 1 for generation of the above correction signals.
- the first auxiliary antenna A1 together with the Main antenna M is able to change the amplitude and Phase on the output line 9 of the first auxiliary antenna only reception minimum in any direction of the room to create.
- the second auxiliary antenna A2 can because of its greater distance from the main antenna M together with this generate a plurality of reception minima such that one of these in a desired direction of the room where there is a Interferer shows.
- Another part of the combined signal is from the Divider 16 also via a low noise amplifier 22 and a detection unit 23 is fed to a processor 25 which is controlled by a program so that it is via control lines 26, 27, 28 and 29 the controllable gain / attenuation members 11 and phase elements 12 of the two auxiliary antennas adjusted so that a at the output of the detection unit 23 Signal minimum appears.
- a minimum in the total signal of the three antennas means that the signal of an interferer that is used to increase the overall signal has been largely eliminated.
- the only reception minimum of the first auxiliary antenna A1 shows when a minimum at the output of the detection unit is determined exactly in the direction of the interferer (it will assumed that it is only one interferer).
- One of the Receiving minima of the second auxiliary antenna A2 shows at reached minimum in that supplied to the detection unit 23 Signal also on the interferer. From everyone else Spatial areas can partially completely undamped satellite signals or in the area of the others (not on the interferer showing) minima of the second auxiliary antenna somewhat damped are received, this attenuation is nowhere as great is that the reception of the respective satellite is impeded.
- the minima of the additional auxiliary antenna are therefore because the distance d2 is larger than a wavelength in comparison to the only minimum of the former auxiliary antenna narrower and more pointed.
- means processor 25 executes an adaptive algorithm, who, even if the position of the interferer is not known beforehand, the exact setting of the antennas causes the influence of the interferer is reduced to a maximum.
- the attenuation only by the first auxiliary antenna is for example a maximum of 10 dB.
- the combination of the two on Minima aimed at the interferer leads to a very deep and narrow minimum. In contrast, arise in the other minimum angle ranges tolerable (i.e. not satellite reception preventive) narrow minima.
- the ground station of a GPS system described.
- the above statements are also based on other systems using satellites are applicable.
- the ground station according to the invention and the invention Method for operating the ground station for satellite-based Navigation or landing systems is supported by the proposed measures significantly improved. It can be immediate an alarm criterion can be derived in the event of a fault. In the event of a malfunction, the control signals for the attenuator and phase link of the first auxiliary antenna Direction of the interferer.
- Embodiment produces both the former auxiliary antenna as well as the additional auxiliary antenna only one at a time Reception minimum, to suppress one interferer be adjusted to this.
- the Auxiliary antennas about the same distance from the omnidirectional antenna (Main antenna) can be arranged away.
- the total effective reception minimum not quite as narrow and pointed as in the example described above.
- Each auxiliary antenna has a single minimum on the interferer aligned. The overall effective minimum can be found here advantageously extremely narrow and pointed. Indeed is required when setting up and / or operating the system special care to prevent that in Spatial directions in which there is no interferer, minima of the two auxiliary antennas and thereby the reception of Prevent satellite signals.
- the invention relates to an antenna system with a Round receiving antenna M and with an auxiliary antenna A1, the Receiving signals in terms of amplitude and phase can be combined in a desired direction of the room there is a minimum reception. It is another auxiliary antenna A2 arranged and connectable such that at least one Reception minimum arises, with exactly one reception minimum in shows the desired direction of the room and with the mentioned by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna Receiving minimum corresponds in its direction, and the attenuations on that of the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna generated reception minimum and at least one of the further auxiliary antenna generated reception minimum so dimensioned are that they each receive one with one do not impede the predetermined minimum level of the transmitter, and that the receiving minima coinciding in their direction together cause greater damping, such that they are used for Suppress interference.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanlage mit einer Rundempfangsantenne und mit einer (ersten) Hilfsantenne, deren Empfangssignale bezüglich Amplitude und Phase derart kombinierbar sind, daß in einer gewünschten Richtung des Raums ein Empfangsminimum besteht.The invention relates to an antenna system with a Omnidirectional antenna and with a (first) auxiliary antenna, the Receiving signals in terms of amplitude and phase can be combined in a desired direction of the room there is a minimum reception.
Eine derartige Anordnung mit zwei elektrisch zusammengeschalteten Antennen und einem einzigen Empfangsminimum ist aus der EP 0 124 047 A2 bekannt. Das Empfangsminimum dient dazu, die Signale eines Störers (Störsenders), der den Empfang der Antennenanlage stört, genügend stark zu dämpfen, so daß Nutzsignale aus anderen Richtungen als der des Störers empfangen werden können.Such an arrangement with two electrically interconnected Antennas and a single reception minimum known from EP 0 124 047 A2. The reception minimum serves In addition, the signals of an interferer (jammer) who is receiving the antenna system disturbs to dampen sufficiently strong, so that Useful signals from other directions than that of the interferer can be received.
Eine derartige Antennenanlage mit einer Rundempfangsantenne und zwei Hilfsantennen, deren Empfangssignale bezüglich Amplitude und Phase derart kombinierbar sind, daß in einer gewünschten Richtung des Raums ein Empfangsminimum besteht ist aus HIRATA K ET AL: "A METHOD FOR ARRANGEMENT OF AUXILIARY ANTENNAS TO MINIMIZE THE INFLUENCE OF THE INCIDENT DIRECTIONS OF INTERFERENCES ON SUPPRESSION PERFORMANCE IN A MULTIPLE SIDELOBE CANCELLER" ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, PART I - COMMUNICATIONS, Bd. 80, Nr. 1, Januar 1997, Seiten 110-111, XP000687331 bekannt. Dort ist auch die Möglichkeit beschrieben, mittels der beiden Hilfsantennen mehrere Störer aus verschiedenen Richtungen des Raums auszublenden. Such an antenna system with a broadcast antenna and two Auxiliary antennas, their received signals in terms of amplitude and phase can be combined that in a desired direction of the room Receiving minimum consists of HIRATA K ET AL: "A METHOD FOR ARRANGEMENT OF AUXILIARY ANTENNAS TO MINIMIZE THE INFLUENCE OF THE INCIDENT DIRECTIONS OF INTERFERENCES ON SUPPRESSION PERFORMANCE IN A MULTIPLE SIDELOBE CANCELLER "ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN, PART I - COMMUNICATIONS, Vol. 80, No. 1, January 1997, pages 110-111, XP000687331. There is also the possibility described, using the two auxiliary antennas several interferers from different Hide directions of the room.
Rundempfangsantennen, insbesondere mit einem nahezu hemisphärischen Empfangsbereich, eignen sich gut für den Empfang von Signalen, die von Satelliten, insbesondere von bezüglich der Erdoberfläche umlaufenden Satelliten ausgesandt werden. Hierzu gehören z.B. Ortungs- und Navigationssatelliten, z.B. GPS-Satelliten (GPS = Global Positioning System). Man kann annehmen, daß die Störleistung des Störers größer oder sogar sehr viel größer ist als die an einer Bodenstation empfangene Leistung der einzelnen Satelliten. Bekannte moderne GPS-Empfänger tolerieren zwar Störleistungen, die bis zu einem bestimmten Maß größer sind als die GPS-Empfangsleistung. Bei zu großer Störleistung ist aber dennoch eine Reduzierung der Störleistung erforderlich.Omnidirectional antennas, especially those with an almost hemispherical one Reception area, are well suited for reception of signals from satellites, particularly those relating to orbiting satellites are transmitted. These include e.g. Location and navigation satellites, e.g. GPS satellites (GPS = Global Positioning System). One can assume that the interference power of the interferer is greater or even is much larger than that received at a ground station Performance of the individual satellites. Known modern GPS receivers tolerate interference power up to one certain dimension are greater than the GPS reception power. In to large interference power is nevertheless a reduction in Interference power required.
Bei Verwendung einer Rundempfangsantenne mit einer einzigen Hilfsantenne zur Erzeugung eines einzigen Empfangsminimums entsteht ein trichterförmiges Empfangsminimum, nicht etwa ein punktförmiges Empfangsminimum. Dies bewirkt, daß bei genügend starker Unterdrückung des Störers der Empfang eines Satelliten nicht nur dann, wenn er exakt in Richtung des Störers steht, sondern auch in einem Raumwinkelbereich in der Umgebung des Störers wegen starker Dämpfung des Empfangssignals nicht ausreichend stark zu empfangen ist.When using a omnidirectional antenna Auxiliary antenna for generating a single reception minimum there is no funnel-shaped reception minimum about a punctiform reception minimum. This causes that at sufficiently strong suppression of the interference of receiving one Satellites not only if they are exactly in the direction of the Störers stands, but also in a solid angle range in the Environment of the interferer due to strong attenuation of the received signal is not sufficiently strong to receive.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit
zu schaffen, bei der der Raumwinkelbereich mit starker
Dämpfung des Empfangssignals in der Umgebung des Störers,
allgemeiner der Bereich in der Umgebung der Raumrichtung, in
der ein Empfangsminimum erzeugt werden soll, gegenüber der
bekannten Antennenanlage verkleinert ist. Diese Aufgabe wird
durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und durch die Merkmale des
unabhängigen Anspruchs 7 gelöst.The invention has for its object a possibility
to create the solid angle range with strong
Attenuation of the received signal in the vicinity of the interferer,
more generally the area around the spatial direction, in
which a reception minimum is to be generated compared to
known antenna system is reduced. This task will
by the features of
Erfindungsgemäß kann die Anordnung so getroffen sein, daß die erstgenannte Hilfsantenne im Zusammenwirken mit der Hauptantenne im Betrieb nur ein einziges Empfangsminimum erzeugt oder mehrere Empfangsminima erzeugt. Auch die weitere Hilfsantenne kann im Zusammenwirken mit der Hauptantenne nur ein einziges Empfangsminimum oder mehrere Empfangsminima erzeugen. Bevorzugt ist, daß eine der Hilfsantennen (im Beispiel die erstgenannte Hilfsantenne), nur ein einziges Empfangsminimum erzeugt, und daß die andere Hilfsantenne eine Mehrzahl von Empfangsminima erzeugt. Die weiteren Erklärungen beziehen sich zunächst auf diese bevorzugte Ausführungsform. Andere Ausführungsformen werden am Schluß besprochen.According to the invention, the arrangement can be such that that the former auxiliary antenna in cooperation with the Main antenna only generates a single reception minimum during operation or multiple reception minima generated. The other too Auxiliary antenna can only work in conjunction with the main antenna generate a single reception minimum or multiple reception minima. It is preferred that one of the auxiliary antennas (in the example the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna), only a single reception minimum generated, and that the other auxiliary antenna one Generated a plurality of reception minima. The further explanations initially relate to this preferred embodiment. Other embodiments will be discussed at the end.
Erfindungsgemäß ist sowohl die Dämpfung, die von der erstgenannten Hilfsantenne allein erzielt wird (gegebenenfalls durch Zusammenwirken mit der Rundempfangsantenne) als auch die Dämpfung, die von der weiteren Hilfsantenne allein erzielt wird (gegebenenfalls wiederum im Zusammenwirken mit der Rundempfangsantenne) so bemessen, daß auch im Bereich des Empfangsminimums der erstgenannten Hilfsantenne oder aller Empfangsminima der weiteren Hilfsantenne der Empfang der jeweils gewünschten Nutzsignale, z.B. von Satelliten, insbesondere Ortungssatelliten, noch zuverlässig möglich ist. Nur in einer einzigen Raumrichtung, nämlich in derjenigen Raumrichtung, in der die erstgenannte Hilfsantenne ein Empfangsminimum erzeugt, überlagert sich deren Empfangsminimum mit einem der Empfangsminima der weiteren Hilfsantenne, und dort wird dann in einem stark reduzierten Winkelbereich eine derart starke Dämpfung erzielt, daß praktisch nur ein punktförmiger Störer vom Empfang durch die Antennenanlage ausgeschlossen wird. Im Zusammenhang mit umlaufenden Satelliten bedeutet dies, daß die Signale eines Satelliten lediglich in demjenigen sehr kurzen Zeitbereich, in dem er sich möglicherweise genau hinter dem Störer befindet, nicht empfangen werden können.According to the invention, both the damping by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna is achieved alone (if necessary through cooperation with the broadcast antenna) and the Attenuation achieved by the additional auxiliary antenna alone (if necessary again in cooperation with the Round antenna) dimensioned so that also in the area of Minimum reception of the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna or all Reception minima of the further auxiliary antenna the reception of the desired user signals, e.g. from satellites, in particular Location satellites, is still reliably possible. Only in a single spatial direction, namely in that spatial direction, in which the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna has a reception minimum generated, their reception minimum overlaps with one of the reception minima of the further auxiliary antenna, and there then becomes such in a greatly reduced angular range strong damping achieved that practically only a point Interferers excluded from reception by the antenna system becomes. In the context of orbiting satellites, this means that the signals from a satellite only in that very short time range in which he may be exactly behind the interferer cannot be received.
Ein Vorteil der Erfindung liegt darin, daß die Verfügbarkeit von Satellitensignalen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik vergrößert ist, so daß die Erfindung insbesondere auch für sicherheitsrelevante Anlagen, beispielsweise für die ständige Versorgung von sich einem Flughafen nähernden Flugzeugen mit genauen Positionssignalen geeignet ist.An advantage of the invention is that it is available of satellite signals compared to the prior art is enlarged, so that the invention in particular for safety-relevant systems, for example for permanent Aircraft approaching an airport accurate position signals is suitable.
Die erstgenannte Hilfsantenne und/oder die weitere Hilfsantenne kann ebenfalls eine Rundempfangsantenne, insbesondere mit hemisphärischem Empfangsbereich, sein. Der Vorteil liegt dabei darin, daß allein durch elektrische Maßnahmen (Veränderung von Verstärkung bzw. Dämpfung, Einstellen einer geeigneten Phasenverschiebung zwischen den Signalen der Hilfsantennen und der Rundempfangsantenne) die Richtung des kombinierten Empfangsminimums in einem weiten Raumwinkelbereich eingestellt werden kann. Es mag aber in bestimmten Anwendungsfällen auch möglich sein, als Hilfsantennen solche zu verwenden, die bereits über eine gewisse Richtwirkung verfügen, besonders dann, wenn der Störer unbeweglich ist, so daß eine mechanische Nachführung der Antenne nicht benötigt wird. Solche Antennen sind allerdings für die Dämpfung von Störsignalen aus anderen Richtungen möglicherweise weniger geeignet. Da ein Störer sich im allgemeinen dicht am Horizont befindet, sind als Hilfsantennen solche Rundempfangsantennen brauchbar, die in der Richtung senkrecht nach oben ein Empfangsminimum haben.The former auxiliary antenna and / or the other Auxiliary antenna can also be a omnidirectional antenna, in particular with a hemispherical reception area. The advantage lies in the fact that electrical measures alone (Change of gain or damping, setting one suitable phase shift between the signals of the Auxiliary antennas and the omnidirectional antenna) the direction of the combined reception minimums in a wide solid angle range can be adjusted. But it may in certain Applications may also be possible as auxiliary antennas use that already have a certain directionality, especially when the interferer is immobile, so that a mechanical tracking of the antenna is not required. Such However, antennas are designed to attenuate interference signals other directions may be less suitable. There a Interferers that are generally close to the horizon are as Auxiliary antennas useful such broadcast antennas that in the Have a minimum reception in the direction vertically upwards.
Wenn mehrere Störer gleichzeitig ausgeblendet werden müssen, so sind im einfachsten Fall für jeden zusätzlichen Störer eine zusätzliche Hilfsantenne der erstgenannten Art und eine zusätzliche weitere Hilfsantenne erforderlich.When several interferers are hidden at the same time are in the simplest case for each additional Interferer an additional auxiliary antenna of the first type and an additional additional auxiliary antenna is required.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung eines Ausführungsbeispiels der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung, die erfindungswesentliche Einzelheiten zeigt, und aus den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je einzeln für sich oder zu mehreren in beliebiger Kombination bei einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung verwirklicht sein.Further features and advantages of the invention result itself from the following description of an embodiment the invention with reference to the drawing, the essential to the invention Shows details, and from the claims. The single ones Features can be used individually or in several any combination in one embodiment of the invention be realized.
Die einzige Figur zeigt teils als perspektivische Darstellung, teils als Schaltbild, eine Bodenstation eines satellitengestützten Navigationssystems GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System = globales Satelliten-Navigationssystem). Anhand dieser Figur werden die erfindungsgemäße Antennenanlage und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beschrieben.The single figure shows partly as a perspective representation, partly as a circuit diagram, a ground station of a satellite-based Navigation system GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System = global satellite navigation system). Based on this figure, the antenna system according to the invention and described the method according to the invention.
Eine Bodenstation 1 ist im Beispiel zum praktisch
gleichzeitigen Empfang einer Mehrzahl von GPS-Satelliten 2
ausgebildet, die in bekannter Weise Uhrzeitsignale ausstrahlen,
wobei am Ort der Empfangsstation aus.der Uhrzeit beim
Eintreffen der Signale und der den Satellitensignalen aufgeprägten
Uhrzeit die Laufzeit der Signale und somit die
Entfernung des jeweiligen Satelliten vom Ort der Bodenstation
ermittelt werden kann.A
Bekanntlich ergeben sich durch Einflüsse der Ionosphäre und/oder der Troposphäre Laufzeitverzerrungen, so daß die auf die soeben geschilderte Weise beschriebenen Entfernungswerte fehlerhaft sind. Zur Korrektur werden mittels des ebenfalls bekannten Differential-GPS (DGPS) in der Bodenstation, deren Lage hinsichtlich geographischer Länge, Breite und Höhe exakt vermessen ist, durch Vergleich mit der jeweils anhand der bekannten Satellitenbahnen bekannten tatsächlichen Satellitenentfernungen Fehlerkorrektursignale erzeugt. Diese werden ausgesendet und von Benutzern ausgewertet. Die Fehlerkorrektursignale gestatten es, die durch den Ionosphäreneinfluß und auch durch andere Einflüsse hervorgerufenen Fehler, die ohne Korrektur bei mehreren hundert Metern liegen können, auf ganz geringe Werte zu reduzieren.As is well known, this is caused by influences from the ionosphere and / or the troposphere delay distortion, so that the the distance values just described are faulty. To correct it, use the known differential GPS (DGPS) in the ground station, whose Precise location in terms of longitude, latitude and height is measured, by comparison with the respective on the basis of known satellite orbits known actual Satellite distances error correction signals generated. This are sent out and evaluated by users. The Error correction signals allow through the Ionospheric influence and also caused by other influences Errors without correction at several hundred meters can be reduced to very low values.
In der Zeichnung ist angedeutet, daß in einem Elevationsbereich von weniger als 5 Grad oberhalb der mit dem Bezugszeichen 3 bezeichneten Horizontalebene Störsignale S zu erwarten sind, die dann, wenn keine besonderen Maßnahmen getroffen werden, den Empfang von Satellitensignalen durch die Bodenstation auch aus Raumwinkelbereichen, die von der tatsächlichen Störung weit entfernt sind, erheblich beeinträchtigen können.In the drawing it is indicated that in an elevation area less than 5 degrees above that with the reference symbol 3 designated horizontal plane interference signals S. are to be expected if no special measures are taken the reception of satellite signals by the Ground station also from solid angle ranges that differ from the actual Disturbance are far away, significantly impair can.
Die Bodenstation 1 weist eine Hauptantenne M, eine erste
Hilfsantenne A1 und eine zweite Hilfsantenne A2 auf. Alle
Antennen sind solche mit einer nahezu hemisphärischen
Empfangscharakteristik, d.h. sie nehmen Signale aus praktisch
allen Richtungen der oberhalb des Erdbodens liegenden
Hemisphäre auf. Dadurch sind sie in der Lage, auch die Signale
von sehr dicht am Horizont stehenden Satelliten zu empfangen.The
Die erste Hilfsantenne A1 hat von der Hauptantenne M einen Abstand d1, der kleiner ist als eine Wellenlänge der von den Satelliten abgestrahlten Hochfrequenz. Zweckmäßig beträgt dieser Abstand zum Beispiel etwa 0,5 bis 0,6 Wellenlängen. Im Beispiel ist d1 eine halbe Wellenlänge. Durch diesen relativ kleinen Abstand wird ein einziges Empfangsminimum erzeugt. Die zweite Hilfsantenne A2 hat von der Hauptantenne M einen Abstand d2, der viel größer ist als dl. d2 beträgt zum Beispiel 1 bis 2 Wellenlängen. Bei einem Abstand d2 von mehr als 1 Wellenlänge werden mehrere Empfangsminima erzeugt. Im Beispiel beträgt d2 etwa 1,5 Wellenlängen. Der Abstand zwischen den beiden Hilfsantennen ist d und ist im Beispiel so groß wie d1, kann aber auch andere Werte haben.The first auxiliary antenna A1 has M from the main antenna a distance d1 that is smaller than a wavelength of radio frequency radiated from the satellite. Appropriately this distance, for example, about 0.5 to 0.6 wavelengths. in the Example is d1 half a wavelength. Through this relative a small reception minimum is generated. The second auxiliary antenna A2 is at a distance from the main antenna M. d2, which is much larger than dl. For example, d2 is 1 to 2 Wavelengths. At a distance d2 of more than 1 wavelength several reception minima are generated. In the example, d2 about 1.5 wavelengths. The distance between the two Auxiliary antennas is d and is as large as d1 in the example but also have other values.
Die Ausgangsleitungen jeder der Antennen führen Signale
EM (bei der Hauptantenne M), E1 (bei der Hilfsantenne A1) und
E2 (bei der Hilfsantenne A2). Die Ausgangsleitungen der drei
Antennen sind jeweils über einen Bandpaß (BP) 5, durch den
außerhalb des interessierenden Frequenzbereichs liegende Signale
unterdrückt werden, einem rauscharmen Verstärker (LNA) 7
zugeführt. Die Ausgangsleitungen der rauscharmen Verstärker 7
sind mit den Bezugszeichen 8 bis 10 bezeichnet. In die
Ausgangsleitungen 9 und 10 der beiden Hilfsantennen A1 bzw. A2
ist jeweils ein digital ansteuerbares, die Amplitude veränderndes
(nämlich vergrößerndes oder verkleinerndes) elektronisches
Verstärkungs-/Dämpfungsglied 11 und ein die Phase
veränderndes digital ansteuerbares Phasenglied 12 geschaltet.
In die Ausgangsleitung 8 der Hauptantenne M kann bei Bedarf ein
Dämpfungsglied 13 eingeschaltet sein. Die in Amplitude und
Phase und die gegebenenfalls durch das Dämpfungsglied 13
veränderten Signale auf den Leitungen 8 bis 10 werden einem
Summierglied 15 zugeführt. Ein Teiler 16 führt einen Teil des
kombinierten Signals, gegebenenfalls über einen rauscharmen
Verstärker 17, einem GPS-Empfänger 19 und weiteren
elektronischen Einrichtungen der Bodenstation 1 zur Erzeugung
der oben genannten Korrektursignale zu.The output lines of each of the antennas carry signals
EM (for the main antenna M), E1 (for the auxiliary antenna A1) and
E2 (for the auxiliary antenna A2). The output lines of the three
Antennas are each via a bandpass (BP) 5, through which
signals outside the frequency range of interest
can be suppressed, a low noise amplifier (LNA) 7
fed. The output lines of the
Infolge der oben genannten gegenseitigen Abstände der Antennen ist die erste Hilfsantenne A1 gemeinsam mit der Hauptantenne M in der Lage, durch Änderung der Amplitude und Phase an der Ausgangsleitung 9 der ersten Hilfsantenne ein einziges Empfangsminimum in einer beliebigen Richtung des Raums zu erzeugen. Die zweite Hilfsantenne A2 kann wegen ihres größeren Abstands von der Hauptantenne M zusammen mit dieser eine Mehrzahl von Empfangsminima erzeugen, derart, daß eines von diesen in eine gewünschte Richtung des Raums, wo sich ein Störer befindet, zeigt.As a result of the mutual distances mentioned above Antennas is the first auxiliary antenna A1 together with the Main antenna M is able to change the amplitude and Phase on the output line 9 of the first auxiliary antenna only reception minimum in any direction of the room to create. The second auxiliary antenna A2 can because of its greater distance from the main antenna M together with this generate a plurality of reception minima such that one of these in a desired direction of the room where there is a Interferer shows.
Ein anderer Teil des kombinierten Signals wird von dem
Teiler 16 ebenfalls über einen rauscharmen Verstärker 22 und
eine Detektiereinheit 23 einem Prozessor 25 zugeführt, der
durch ein Programm so gesteuert ist, daß er über Steuerleitungen
26, 27, 28 und 29 die steuerbaren Verstärkungs-/Dämpfungsglieder
11 und Phasenglieder 12 der beiden Hilfsantennen
so verstellt, daß am Ausgang der Detektiereinheit 23 ein
Signalminimum erscheint. Dabei wird das Ausgangssignal der
Hilfsantennen A1 und A2 HF-mäßig nach Amplitude und Phase
systematisch über die digital ansteuerbaren elektronischen
Dämpfungsglieder und Phasenschieber derart bewichtet, daß das
im Summensignal nach dem Summierglied 15 enthaltene Störsignal
hinreichend reduziert ist. Dies geschieht dadurch, daß das der
Detektiereinheit 23 zugeführte Teilsignal mittels der von dem
Prozessor 25 gesteuerten Regelschleife minimiert wird. Dabei
wird aber dafür gesorgt, daß weder durch die erste Hilfsantenne
allein noch durch die zweite Hilfsantenne allein, jeweils
zusammen mit der Hauptantenne, eine zur Störerunterdrückung
ausreichende Dämpfung erzielt wird, weil dabei ein zu breites
Empfangsminimum erzeugt würde, wie oben erklärt wurde.Another part of the combined signal is from the
Divider 16 also via a
Ein Minimum im Gesamtsignal der drei Antennen bedeutet, daß das Signal eines Störers, das zur Erhöhung des Gesamtsignals beiträgt, weitestgehend eliminiert worden ist.A minimum in the total signal of the three antennas means that the signal of an interferer that is used to increase the overall signal has been largely eliminated.
Das einzige Empfangsminimum der ersten Hilfsantenne A1
zeigt dann, wenn am Ausgang der Detektiereinheit ein Minimum
festgestellt wird, exakt in die Richtung des Störers (es wird
angenommen, daß es nur ein einziger Störer ist). Eines der
Empfangsminima der zweiten Hilfsantenne A2 zeigt bei einem
erreichten Minimum in dem der Detektiereinheit 23 zugeführten
Signal ebenfalls auf den Störer. Aus allen anderen
Raumbereichen können Satellitensignale teilweise völlig ungedämpft
oder im Bereich der anderen (nicht auf den Störer
zeigenden) Minima der zweiten Hilfsantenne etwas gedämpft
empfangen werden, wobei diese Dämpfung an keiner Stelle so groß
ist, daß der Empfang des jeweiligen Satelliten behindert wird. The only reception minimum of the first auxiliary antenna A1
shows when a minimum at the output of the detection unit
is determined exactly in the direction of the interferer (it will
assumed that it is only one interferer). One of the
Receiving minima of the second auxiliary antenna A2 shows at
reached minimum in that supplied to the
Die Minima der weiteren Hilfsantenne sind deswegen, weil der Abstand d2 größer als eine Wellenlänge ist, im Vergleich zu dem einzigen Minimum der erstgenannten Hilfsantenne schmaler und spitzer.The minima of the additional auxiliary antenna are therefore because the distance d2 is larger than a wavelength in comparison to the only minimum of the former auxiliary antenna narrower and more pointed.
Bei dem automatischen Ausblenden des Störers wird mittels
des Prozessors 25 ein adaptiver Algorithmus ausgeführt,
der, auch ohne daß die Position des Störers vorher bekannt ist,
die exakte Einstellung der Antennen so bewirkt, daß der Einfluß
des Störers maximal reduziert wird.When the interferer is automatically hidden, means
Man kann zweckmäßig die Anordnung so treffen, daß bei
Abwesenheit irgendwelcher Störsignale die Ausgangssignale an
den Leitungen 26 bis 29 des Prozessors 25 so eingestellt sind,
daß die Ausgangssignale der Hilfsantenne A1 und A2 maximal
gedämpft werden, so daß nur das Ausgangssignal der Hauptantenne
M ausgewertet wird. Im Falle einer Störung werden dann davon
abweichende Werte von dem Prozessor eingestellt, so daß der
Wert z.B an der Leitung 27 (Steuersignal für die Einstellung
der Dämpfung des Ausgangssignals der ersten Hilfsantenne) als
ein Alarm- und Störkriterium ausgenutzt werden kann.One can appropriately make the arrangement so that
Absence of any spurious signals on the output signals
the
Von der Regelschleife müssen nur wenige Parameter elektronisch verändert werden, so daß dieses zeitlich sehr schnell geschehen kann. Ist die Auflösung der Amplituden und Phasen hoch genug (4 bis 6 bit), kann leicht eine Reduzierung des Störsignals um 20 dB bis 30 dB erreicht werden.Only a few parameters from the control loop have to be electronic be changed so that this is very quick in time can happen. Is the resolution of the amplitudes and phases high enough (4 to 6 bit), can easily reduce the Interference signal by 20 dB to 30 dB can be achieved.
Die Dämpfung nur durch die erste Hilfsantenne beträgt beispielsweise maximal 10 dB. Die Kombination der beiden auf den Störer gerichteten Minima führt zu einem sehr tiefen und schmalen Minimum. Dagegen entstehen in den anderen Minimumwinkelbereichen tolerable (d.h. den Satellitenempfang nicht verhindernde) schmale Minima.The attenuation only by the first auxiliary antenna is for example a maximum of 10 dB. The combination of the two on Minima aimed at the interferer leads to a very deep and narrow minimum. In contrast, arise in the other minimum angle ranges tolerable (i.e. not satellite reception preventive) narrow minima.
Im Beispiel wurde die Bodenstation eines GPS-Systems beschrieben. Die obigen Ausführungen sind jedoch auch auf andere Systeme, die Satelliten verwenden, anwendbar.In the example, the ground station of a GPS system described. However, the above statements are also based on other systems using satellites are applicable.
Die erfindungsgemäße Bodenstation und das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zum Betreiben der Bodenstation für satellitengestützte Navigations- oder Landesysteme wird durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen deutlich verbessert. Es kann unmittelbar im Störungsfall ein Alarmkriterium abgeleitet werden. Im Störungsfall kann durch Auswerten der Ansteuersignale für das Dämpfungsglied und Phasenglied der ersten Hilfsantenne die Richtung des Störers abgeleitet werden.The ground station according to the invention and the invention Method for operating the ground station for satellite-based Navigation or landing systems is supported by the proposed measures significantly improved. It can be immediate an alarm criterion can be derived in the event of a fault. In the event of a malfunction, the control signals for the attenuator and phase link of the first auxiliary antenna Direction of the interferer.
Bei einer vom beschriebenen Beispiel abweichenden anderen Ausführungsform erzeugt sowohl die erstgenannte Hilfsantenne als auch die weitere Hilfsantenne jeweils nur ein einziges Empfangsminimum, die zum Unterdrücken je eines Störers auf diesen eingestellt werden. Insbesondere können dabei die Hilfsantennen etwa gleich weit von der Rundempfangsantenne (Hauptantenne) entfernt angeordnet sein. Hier ist das insgesamt wirksame Empfangsminimum nicht ganz so schmal und spitz wie bei dem oben beschriebenen Beispiel.In the case of a different one from the example described Embodiment produces both the former auxiliary antenna as well as the additional auxiliary antenna only one at a time Reception minimum, to suppress one interferer be adjusted to this. In particular, the Auxiliary antennas about the same distance from the omnidirectional antenna (Main antenna) can be arranged away. Here's the total effective reception minimum not quite as narrow and pointed as in the example described above.
Wieder bei einer anderen Ausführungsform erzeugt jede der Hilfsantennen für sich eine Mehrzahl von Empfangsminima. Von jeder Hilfsantenne wird ein einziges Minimum auf den Störer ausgerichtet. Das insgesamt wirksame Minimum kann hier in vorteilhafter Weise extrem schmal und spitz sein. Allerdings bedarf es beim Einrichten und/oder Betreiben der Anlage besonderer Sorgfalt, um zu verhindern, daß sich in Raumrichtungen, in denen ein Störer nicht vorhanden ist, Minima der beiden Hilfsantennen überlagern und dadurch den Empfang von Satellitensignalen verhindern.In yet another embodiment, each creates of the auxiliary antennas a plurality of reception minima. Each auxiliary antenna has a single minimum on the interferer aligned. The overall effective minimum can be found here advantageously extremely narrow and pointed. Indeed is required when setting up and / or operating the system special care to prevent that in Spatial directions in which there is no interferer, minima of the two auxiliary antennas and thereby the reception of Prevent satellite signals.
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antennenanlage mit einer Rundempfangsantenne M und mit einer Hilfsantenne A1, deren Empfangssignale bezüglich Amplitude und Phase derart kombinierbar sind, daß in einer gewünschten Richtung des Raums ein Empfangsminimum besteht. Es ist eine weitere Hilfsantenne A2 derart angeordnet und koppelbar, daß mindestens ein Empfangsminimum entsteht, wobei genau ein Empfangsminimum in die genannte gewünschte Richtung des Raums zeigt und mit dem von der erstgenannten Hilfsantenne erzeugten genannten Empfangsminimum bezüglich seiner Richtung übereinstimmt, und wobei die Dämpfungen an dem von der erstgenannten Hilfsantenne erzeugten Empfangsminimum und an dem mindestens einen von der weiteren Hilfsantenne erzeugten Empfangsminimum so bemessen sind, daß sie je für sich allein den Empfang eines mit einem vorbestimmten Mindestpegel sendenden Senders nicht behindern, und daß die in ihrer Richtung übereinstimmenden Empfangsminima gemeinsam eine größere Dämpfung bewirken, derart, daß sie zum Unterdrücken von Störern geeignet sind. Es entsteht ein sehr schmales Empfangsminimum. In den anderen Bereichen sind Satellitensignale empfangbar.The invention relates to an antenna system with a Round receiving antenna M and with an auxiliary antenna A1, the Receiving signals in terms of amplitude and phase can be combined in a desired direction of the room there is a minimum reception. It is another auxiliary antenna A2 arranged and connectable such that at least one Reception minimum arises, with exactly one reception minimum in shows the desired direction of the room and with the mentioned by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna Receiving minimum corresponds in its direction, and the attenuations on that of the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna generated reception minimum and at least one of the further auxiliary antenna generated reception minimum so dimensioned are that they each receive one with one do not impede the predetermined minimum level of the transmitter, and that the receiving minima coinciding in their direction together cause greater damping, such that they are used for Suppress interference. A very arises narrow reception minimum. In the other areas there are satellite signals receivable.
Claims (9)
- Antenna system comprising an omnidirectional receiving antenna (main antenna M) and a (first) auxiliary antenna (A1), the received signals of which can be combined with respect to amplitude and phase in such a manner that a received minimum exists in a desired direction of the space, and is arranged with and can be coupled to a further auxiliary antenna (A2) in such a manner that at least one received minimum is produced, characterized in that exactly one received minimum points in the desired direction of the space and, with respect to its direction, corresponds to the received minimum generated by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna (A1) together with the main antenna (M), and wherein the attenuations at the received minimum generated by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna and at the at least one received minimum generated by the further auxiliary antenna are dimensioned in such a manner that they do not by themselves in each case impede the reception of a transmitter transmitting with a predetermined minimum level, and in that the received minima, which correspond in their direction, jointly effect a greater attenuation in such a manner that they are suitable for suppressing interferers.
- Antenna system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna (A1) together with the main antenna (M) generates exactly one received minimum, and in that the further auxiliary antenna (A2) together with the main antenna (M) generates a plurality of received minima in different directions.
- Antenna system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the further auxiliary antenna (A2) is farther distant from the omnidirectional receiving antenna (M) than the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna (A1).
- Antenna system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a number of first and a number of further auxiliary antennas are provided for suppressing a number of interferers.
- Antenna system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the auxiliary antennas has an omnidirectional receiving pattern.
- Antenna system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a regulating arrangement is provided for automatically suppressing an interferer.
- Antenna system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (d1) of the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna (A1) from the main antenna (M) is less than one wavelength.
- Antenna system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the distance (d2) of the second auxiliary antenna (A2) from the main antenna (M) is at least one wavelength.
- Method for operating an antenna system comprising an omnidirectional receiving antenna (main antenna M) and an auxiliary antenna (A1), the received signals of which can be combined with respect to amplitude and phase in such a manner that a received minimum exists in a desired direction of the space, and with a further auxiliary antenna (A2) which is arranged and can be coupled in such a manner that a plurality of received minima is produced, characterized in that the amplitudes and phases of the received signals of the auxiliary antennas (Al, A2) are adjusted in such a manner that a received minimum generated by the further auxiliary antenna (A2) points in the desired direction of the space and, with respect to its direction, corresponds to the received minimum generated by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna (A1), and wherein the attenuations at the received minimum generated by the first-mentioned auxiliary antenna (A1) and at the received minima generated by the further auxiliary antenna (A2) are dimensioned in such a manner that they do not by themselves in each case impede the reception of a transmitter transmitting with a predetermined minimum level, and in that the received minima, which correspond in their direction, jointly effect a greater attenuation in such a manner that they are suitable for suppressing interferers.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19751122A DE19751122A1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1997-11-19 | Antenna system for satellite reception |
| DE19751122 | 1997-11-19 | ||
| PCT/IB1998/001831 WO1999026313A1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Antenna system and method for operating an antenna system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1032961A1 EP1032961A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 |
| EP1032961B1 true EP1032961B1 (en) | 2003-09-03 |
Family
ID=7849113
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP98954650A Expired - Lifetime EP1032961B1 (en) | 1997-11-19 | 1998-11-19 | Antenna system and method for operating an antenna system |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6323806B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1032961B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2001523906A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE249105T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2310387A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19751122A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2207005T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1999026313A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7181171B2 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2007-02-20 | Kyocera Wireless Corp. | System and method for providing auxiliary reception in a wireless communications system |
| US8838481B2 (en) | 2011-07-26 | 2014-09-16 | Golba Llc | Method and system for location based hands-free payment |
| US8838477B2 (en) | 2011-06-09 | 2014-09-16 | Golba Llc | Method and system for communicating location of a mobile device for hands-free payment |
| US8193978B2 (en) * | 2007-11-14 | 2012-06-05 | Golba Llc | Positioning system and method using GPS with wireless access points |
| US20110080320A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-07 | etherwhere Corporation | Signal processing techniques for improving the sensitivity of GPS receivers |
| US20110080321A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2011-04-07 | etherwhere Corporation | Signal processing techniques for improving the sensitivity of GPS receivers |
| US11344285B2 (en) | 2009-12-16 | 2022-05-31 | Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. | Multi-lumen-catheter retractor system for a minimally-invasive, operative gastrointestinal treatment |
| US9806790B2 (en) | 2010-03-29 | 2017-10-31 | Odyssey Wireless, Inc. | Systems/methods of spectrally efficient communications |
| US8666347B2 (en) | 2010-10-14 | 2014-03-04 | Physical Devices, Llc | Methods and devices for reducing radio frequency interference |
| CN103190076A (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2013-07-03 | 物理设备有限责任公司 | Tunable filter devices and methods |
| US9042857B2 (en) | 2010-08-30 | 2015-05-26 | Physical Devices, Llc | Methods, systems, and non-transitory computer readable media for wideband frequency and bandwidth tunable filtering |
| EP2820447A4 (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2015-11-11 | Physical Devices Llc | Methods, systems, and computer readable media for mitigation of in-band interference of global positioning system (gps) signals |
| US8718587B2 (en) * | 2012-04-18 | 2014-05-06 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Reconfigurable LNA for increased jammer rejection |
| US20150244431A1 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-08-27 | Physical Devices, Llc | Devices and methods for diversity signal enhancement and cosite cancellation |
| DE102014210204A1 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2015-12-03 | Lufthansa Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Apparatus and method for air-to-ground communication of aircraft |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3922685A (en) * | 1973-07-30 | 1975-11-25 | Motorola Inc | Antenna pattern generator and switching apparatus |
| US4225870A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1980-09-30 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Null steering antenna |
| US4313116A (en) * | 1980-01-30 | 1982-01-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Hybrid adaptive sidelobe canceling system |
| DE3006627A1 (en) * | 1980-02-22 | 1981-08-27 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | METHOD FOR INTERFERENCE-FREE RECEIVING OF VHF SIGNALS IN VEHICLES |
| US4280128A (en) * | 1980-03-24 | 1981-07-21 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Adaptive steerable null antenna processor |
| DE3314387A1 (en) * | 1983-04-21 | 1984-10-31 | Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co KG, 8000 München | ROUND RECEPTION ANTENNA |
| USH740H (en) * | 1989-06-13 | 1990-02-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Antenna sidelobe interference canceller |
| JPH0748665B2 (en) * | 1992-12-14 | 1995-05-24 | 日本電気株式会社 | Sidelobe canceller |
| JP2561028B2 (en) * | 1994-05-26 | 1996-12-04 | 日本電気株式会社 | Sidelobe canceller |
-
1997
- 1997-11-19 DE DE19751122A patent/DE19751122A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1998
- 1998-11-19 ES ES98954650T patent/ES2207005T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-19 US US09/530,971 patent/US6323806B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-11-19 WO PCT/IB1998/001831 patent/WO1999026313A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-11-19 CA CA002310387A patent/CA2310387A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-11-19 AT AT98954650T patent/ATE249105T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-19 DE DE59809510T patent/DE59809510D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-19 EP EP98954650A patent/EP1032961B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-19 JP JP2000521566A patent/JP2001523906A/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6323806B1 (en) | 2001-11-27 |
| WO1999026313A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
| JP2001523906A (en) | 2001-11-27 |
| ATE249105T1 (en) | 2003-09-15 |
| DE19751122A1 (en) | 1999-05-20 |
| DE59809510D1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
| ES2207005T3 (en) | 2004-05-16 |
| EP1032961A1 (en) | 2000-09-06 |
| CA2310387A1 (en) | 1999-05-27 |
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