EP1032815A1 - Procede, dispositif et installation pour l'analyse d'un effluent gazeux avec determination d'un taux de poussieres - Google Patents
Procede, dispositif et installation pour l'analyse d'un effluent gazeux avec determination d'un taux de poussieresInfo
- Publication number
- EP1032815A1 EP1032815A1 EP98955661A EP98955661A EP1032815A1 EP 1032815 A1 EP1032815 A1 EP 1032815A1 EP 98955661 A EP98955661 A EP 98955661A EP 98955661 A EP98955661 A EP 98955661A EP 1032815 A1 EP1032815 A1 EP 1032815A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chimney
- measurement
- effluent
- probe
- gaseous effluent
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0656—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using electric, e.g. electrostatic methods or magnetic methods
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N2001/225—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas isokinetic, same flow rate for sample and bulk gas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
- G01N2001/2261—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney preventing condensation (heating lines)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods and equipment which are used for the analysis of gaseous effluents. It mainly applies to the examination of gases released to the atmosphere by industrial installations in the context of pollution control.
- the present invention relates more particularly to the weight measurement of the dust present in an effluent in a humid environment, as is the case in particular in smoke rejection chimneys equipping waste incinerators operating by wet or semi-wet process.
- the fumes are at temperatures and water concentrations such that one is below the dew point and that the moisture easily condenses into water droplets, which elsewhere explains the white plume that can be observed at the exit of the chimney, the temperature prevailing outside the chimney being lower than inside so that it is lower than the dew point of smoke.
- the weight measurement of the dust in the exhaust gas (in other words the weight of dust per unit volume of gas considered under normal conditions of temperature and pressure) is calculated from measurements carried out on samples of
- the first consists of depositing the dust on a paper ribbon during its exposure to the gaseous effluent and then subjecting it to beta radiation supplied by a radioactive source of carbon 14, and examining the attenuation of beta radiation, which is depending on the amount of dust deposited on the tape.
- a second method works on the principle of light scattering illuminating a sample of the gaseous effluent at a low angle of incidence (in practice 15 degrees); in this case, the turbidity of the sample is in fact measured.
- the present invention therefore aims to propose a better solution which is technologically exploitable industrially even in the case of pollution control applied to gaseous effluents (also designated by the general concept of "fumes" escaping from factory chimneys), which are qualified as wet, which means they are likely to cause water condensation on any unheated surface with which they come into contact.
- gaseous effluents also designated by the general concept of "fumes” escaping from factory chimneys
- the subject of the invention is a method for analyzing a gaseous effluent circulating in a chimney, applicable in particular to the case of exhaust fumes from factories with wet processing, characterized in that it comprises a step of determining a weight rate of dust by detecting the density of the impacts of the dust particles on a sensitive part of a triboelectric probe introduced directly into said chimney, on the path of a part of the gas flow flowing longitudinally in a measurement conduit, and downstream of a heating sleeve of said measurement conduit bringing said portion of the flow locally to a temperature above the dew point of the water vapor in the effluent.
- the triboelectric probe makes it possible to obtain in a simple manner a precise measurement which is not likely to be influenced by the formation of deposits as it would be. case if the triboelectric measurement was carried out outside the chimney, on a deviated sample undergoing speed variations.
- the determination of dust rates can be carried out continuously, at least so as long as the variations in speed of the effluent remain within the usual limits experienced by factory chimneys, in particular in the case of chimneys rejecting atmosphere the fumes from incinerators, insofar as these variations in steady state are less than plus or minus 20% of the nominal speed for a given incinerator.
- the speed of the gaseous effluent in the measurement pipe is periodically measured to verify that it has not excessively deviated from a value close (to within ⁇ 20%) of a theoretical isokinetic condition with the speed of the gaseous effluent in the chimney and correct, if necessary, the positioning of the measurement pipe in the chimney.
- the correction of the positioning can be done without any disassembly of the material means, to the extent that there are advantageously provided means for adjusting the transverse position and the longitudinal orientation of the measurement conduit in the chimney.
- This speed measurement can, for example, be carried out for 10 minutes once a month.
- the corrections deemed necessary can be carried out by acting on electronic means for processing the signals coming from the triboelectric probe which have, among other tasks, the task of translating these signals into an encrypted measurement result.
- the measurement of the speed of the gaseous effluent in the measurement conduit is carried out in alternation with the measurement of the dust content.
- the weight of dust contained in a unit of gas volume under normal conditions of temperature and pressure will advantageously be permanently placed in the measurement zone in the vicinity of the sensitive part of the triboelectric probe.
- the measurement conduit is arranged at a sufficient distance from the wall of the chimney to avoid the influence of the skin effects of the flow of the gaseous effluent.
- the minimum of this distance is generally one tenth of the diameter of the chimney, which is sufficient to be on the plate of the transverse profile of the velocities of the smoke flow.
- the measurement conduit is thus placed in a zone of the chimney where the speed of the gaseous effluent has an average value with respect to the distribution of the speed in the chimney.
- the invention also relates to a device comprising the means necessary for the implementation of the above method.
- This device must provide passages through the wall of the chimney, in particular for the triboelectric probe and for means for supplying the heating sleeve from an external energy source. From this point of view, it will obviously be preferably an electrical supply.
- the invention then consists in principle of taking advantage of these needs to constitute the device in a rigid structure comprising two guide tubes which are fixed at their ends, on the one hand on the measurement conduit to be introduced into the chimney, on the other hand on a plate capable of forming a mounting flange on the wall of the chimney.
- the device is characterized in that it comprises a measuring cell integral with a mounting plate capable of forming a closure flange of an opening arranged in the chimney, said cell comprising a measurement duct, an upstream part of which is surrounded by a heating sleeve, in that an electrical heating device is disposed in the heating sleeve in thermal contact with the measurement duct and supplied by means of a lower guide tube crossing the flange and opening into said sleeve, in that an upper guide tube for a triboelectric probe opens into the downstream part of the measurement conduit by crossing the flange.
- these two tubes extending from the measurement pipe to the mounting flange and providing passages through the wall of the chimney are fixed at variable distance to the measurement pipe or its heating sleeve so as to allow a fine adjustment of the positioning of the measurement duct in the chimney, both in longitudinal orientation and in distance from the wall of the chimney.
- the device according to the invention thus constitutes an assembly which is easily placed in an opening of the chimney provided for the introduction of measurement systems.
- This assembly comprises a rigid rectangular structure constituted by the mounting flange, the measuring cell and the two guide tubes reserved respectively for the probe (or the speed sensor) and for the electrical connections with the heating sleeve.
- the precise positioning of the measurement pipe to obtain a constant speed close to isokineticism is easily achieved by varying the fixing distance between the measurement pipe and each of the tubes.
- the two tubes are fixed by screwing to the measurement pipe.
- the measurement tube makes it easy to introduce the triboelectric probe or the speed measurement device into the measurement conduit, in particular, it facilitates the operation of verifying isokineticism.
- a heat-insulating element is disposed between the envelope body of the heating sleeve and its electrical resistance helically surrounding the wall of the measurement conduit. This decreases the outside skin temperature of the heating sleeve while keeping it at a temperature above 130 ° C (dew point of acid gases) in order to avoid corrosion of the measuring pipe and the heating sleeve.
- the device according to the invention advantageously comprises a thermowell intended for the introduction of a temperature measurement in the downstream part of the measurement conduit, said thermowell opening out into the downstream part of the measurement conduit. the flange.
- a temperature sensor is useful for monitoring the temperature of the gaseous effluent in the area for measuring the rate of dust by regulating the supply of the electrical heating device.
- the electric heater prefferably has an oblong electrical conductor.
- This variation in section advantageously replaces the hot / cold junctions brazed or welded and eliminates the problems of expansion encountered at high temperatures and / or at high mechanical loads.
- the device can optionally include an air blowing device on the triboelectric probe. This makes it possible to clean the triboelectric probe without handling it, periodically regularly or when it is noticed that it provides aberrant measurements.
- the device according to the invention may comprise a device for measuring the skin temperature of the electrical heating device and a device for cutting off its supply. This constitutes security against deterioration of the electric heating device, by preventing this temperature from exceeding, for example 400 ° C.
- Another subject of the invention is an installation for analyzing a gaseous effluent comprising a device above, characterized in that it comprises an electronic circuit receiving the measurement signals from the triboelectric probe and transforming them into the rate of dust.
- the installation according to the invention comprises a programmable automaton receiving the measurements supplied by the triboelectric probe and the measurements supplied by other sensors and analyzers of samples, said automaton being connected to a supervision system which can act on commands and alarms. of the gaseous effluent.
- the supervision system permanently receives measurements of the speed and the temperature of the gaseous effluent in the chimney. It detects the outliers provided by the triboelectric probe and orders the triboelectric probe to be cleaned by blowing air if the corresponding equipment is provided. It controls the cut-off of the power supply to the electric heating device when its skin temperature exceeds a threshold value. It commands the automaton in its translation calculations of the results of the various measurements to express them in values per unit of volume under normal conditions of temperature and pressure.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional representation of a weight measurement device for dust 1 according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the electronic means for automatic management of a factory chimney smoke control installation comprising the device of the figure among the equipment for detecting and measuring the levels of pollutants.
- Figures 1 and 2 represent an installation intended for the analysis of a gaseous effluent with determination of a rate of dust, in particular for chimneys of rejection of smoke to the atmosphere from incinerators implying a treatment by way wet or semi-wet.
- FIG. 1 the outer wall 1 of a chimney of an incinerator.
- This wall has an inner coating 2 of a heat-resistant material such as Ebonite. In practice, the latter does not have to withstand temperatures above 80 ° C during the operation of the chimney.
- This chimney circulates a gaseous effluent whose temperature is between 60 and 80 ° C and the speed is less than 25 m / s; the pressure can be positive or negative and the water content is saturated.
- This gaseous effluent may contain a certain number of polluting constituents the contents of which must be kept below a maximum value and, in particular, dust the content of which must not exceed 10 g / m3 #
- the gaseous effluent analysis installation therefore includes analyzers of samples taken for each of the gaseous pollutants, plus a sensor for the weight measurement of the dust rate which is illustrated in FIG. 1.
- This sensor is based on the known principle of the impact technique (triboelectric probe), but the measurements are made online, that is to say that the triboelectric probe is placed directly in the chimney.
- the whole of the cell 20 for measuring the rate of dust is mounted on a rectangular flange 3 of standardized dimensions, which closes an opening 4, formed in the wall 1 of the chimney, with a view to the introduction of measured.
- This flange is integral with a measurement conduit 5, forming part of the measurement cell 20, which is arranged in the chimney parallel to the axis of the latter and in which a part of the gaseous effluent circulates.
- the measurement conduit 5 is a cylindrical Inconel tube 385 mm in length and approximately 50 mm in diameter, which can easily be introduced into the openings such 4 provided in the existing chimneys. In the case of a new installation, it is possible to provide a larger opening, of 600 x 200 mm for example, allowing the use of a measuring conduit according to the invention of 500 mm in length.
- the positioning of the measurement pipe 5 in the chimney is carried out relative to the flange 3, that is to say that the measurement pipe 5 is fixed to the flange 3 with the possibility of variation of its orientation and its distance from the flange 3.
- This fixing is carried out by means of two guide tubes 6 and 12 which are perpendicular to the measuring conduit 5 and fixed at their ends respectively to the measuring cell and to the flange 3 so as to constitute a rigid structure, with good mechanical resistance, substantially rectangular.
- These two tubes are in Inconel 600 and their diameter is 38 mm.
- Other alternative materials are Monel 400 or Hastelloy C alloys.
- the length of these two tubes depends on the diameter of the chimney. It is determined to position the measurement conduit 5 at least at a sufficient distance from the wall 1 to avoid the influence of the skin effects of the flow of the gaseous effluent. The distance is, for example, equal to 1/10 of the internal diameter of the chimney for its minimum, and to half its radius for its maximum.
- the upper guide tube 6 passes through the flange 3 and is fixed to the measurement pipe 5 proper by means of a tapped tee connection 7 into which the measurement tube 6 is screwed.
- This tube 6 opens into the measurement conduit 5 in the downstream part of the latter, that is to say at the outlet on the path of the gaseous effluent. It is used to introduce and mount a fixed triboelectric probe 10, the sensitive end portion 8 of which is placed in a measurement zone 9 inside the measurement conduit 5.
- This tube 6 can also be used for the introduction and fixing of another sensor in this measurement area, such as a Pi tube interchangeable with the probe, removably mounted, intended to measure the speed of the gaseous effluent in the measurement conduit 5 by comparison between the dynamic pressure and the pressure static.
- the measuring tube 6 is fixed to the flange 3 by means of two clamping collars, or nut and lock nut, 17.
- the second tube 12 making the measurement conduit 5 integral with the flange 3 is a lower guide tube including the electrical supply necessary for the operation of the device of the invention. It is fixed on the upstream part of the measuring cell 20. It crosses the flange 3 and is fixed there by means of two clamping collars 13. Its other end is fixed on a heating sleeve 14 which surrounds the upstream part of the conduit 5. This fixing, with adjustable distance, is carried out by screwing in a tee fitting 15 of the heating sleeve 14.
- the heating sleeve 14, made of Inconel sheet metal, is part of the measuring cell 20. It is arranged around the upstream part of the measuring duct 5. Sa length is approximately three quarters of the length of the measuring pipe 5, for example 315 m.
- the guide tube 12 is mainly used for the passage of electrical supply conductors 16 from the outside of the chimney to an electrical heating resistor wound in a helix around the duct 5 inside the sleeve 14.
- the electric wire constituting the heating resistor 17 is crushed from its cylinder section to better carry on the measurement conduit and thus increase the heat exchange surface.
- a sufficient temperature difference allows direct delimitation by eliminating the hot / cold junctions brazed or welded parts and eliminating the problems of expansion that one meets at high temperatures and / or heavy loads.
- the power of the electric heater is around 1500.
- thermocouple 19 is interposed between the turns of the heating conductor cord 17. It is connected to an indicator thermostat 21 outside the chimney. An all-or-nothing safety contact cuts off the supply in the event of the skin temperature of the heating cord 17 being exceeded, namely 450 ° C., knowing that the maximum temperature that can be supported by the cord is 600 ° C. The second contact of this thermostat 21 can be used to transmit a malfunction alarm.
- a heat-insulating envelope 18 is interposed between the electrical resistance 17 and the heating sleeve 14. It comprises a bead of caulking protected by an aluminum adhesive tape. Two flanges 23 are welded to the conduit 5, at the ends of the sleeve 14 to completely isolate the heating cord 17 and the heat-insulating envelope 18 from attacks by the gaseous effluent. Thanks to this insulation 18, the temperature drops to 60 ° C at 2 cm from the measuring cell 20, which is suitable for coating 2 since it can withstand up to 80 ° C.
- a thermowell 24 is mounted similarly to the two tubes 6 and 12 downstream of the measurement tube 6; it receives a temperature measurement sensor 25, introduced into the measurement conduit 5, just downstream of the measurement zone 9. The temperature measurement which it provides at 27 serves to regulate the heating power at 22 to obtain a temperature between 80 and 95 ° C in measurement area 9.
- the device may also include an air blowing pipe 26 for cleaning the triboelectric probe 8 if necessary, without dismantling it. It opens into the measuring tube 6 by a side tap near the mounting flange 3.
- the mechanical mounting is designed to allow the blowing device to be a variant coming as an option on the basic material.
- Figure 2 is a diagram of the complete analysis installation.
- the output of the triboelectric probe 8 is connected to an electronic unit 31 which processes the detection signals from its shaping unit 28 (see also Figure 1) to provide a weight measurement of the dust rate.
- the measurements provided by other sensors and various analyzers concerning the other pollutants are sent to an automaton 33 which also receives the value of the dust rate.
- the automaton 33 is connected to a supervision system 34 (in practice a computer) which exploits the different values, under the command of a preprogrammed software and manages the information useful for pollution control and compliance with legal standards as regards the cleanliness of the gaseous effluent discharged from the chimney.
- a supervision system 34 in practice a computer
- Periodic measurement of the speed of the gaseous effluent in the measurement pipe 5 is carried out by removing the triboelectric probe 8 from the measurement pipe 5 and by replacing with a Pitot tube. This verification operation can be carried out for approximately 10 minutes once a month.
- the sensors 35 transmit their information directly to the automaton 33, while as for the information relating to the measurement of the rate of dust by the probe 10, the temperature signals by the sensor 25 and speed by the Pitot tube used sporadically, which correspond to measurements carried out at the level of the triboelectric probe, see their results processed by the electrical unit 31 specific to the dust detection device according to the invention. It is the same for the skin temperature information of the electrical resistance of the heating sleeve 14. The latter receives, in return from the unit 31, the orders which control its supply of electric current, either all or nothing in the event that the local threshold temperature is exceeded, either as an analog variation depending on the temperature recorded in the measurement zone.
- the electronic unit 31 transmits the results of its calculations to the automaton 33, from which it receives information concerning a maximum tolerable threshold for the weight rate of dust which it generates, as well as, where appropriate, comparative information of calibration and orders such as that which determines, if necessary (detected by aberrant results of the dust rate), the start-up of the cleaning device by air blowing, for a predetermined or calculated period of time.
- the automaton 33 it can be observed on the other hand that it is at the level of the automaton 33 that the calculations for converting the dosages into units are developed under the normal conditions of temperature and pressure, and that various orders are generated. , which in particular control the gas samples to be taken from the effluent for dosing non-condensable polluting gases, and calibrations other than those relating to the dust content.
- the automaton also serves to acquire the various data in a form making them usable by the supervision system on a computer 34, which is equipped with all useful means of visualization, programming and transmission of signals of ' alarm .
- the tube 5 which constitutes the actual measurement duct, protrudes somewhat from the heating sleeve 14 beyond the lower flange 23.
- the purpose of this arrangement is to guide the fluid veins to separate those which pass in the conduit from those which pass around in a clear way, not causing turbulence. Either way, the overall height of the conduit 5 remains below the opening 4 formed in the wall of the chimney.
- this consists of a solid rod coated with Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene), as it is in itself conventional.
- Teflon polytetrafluoroethylene
- the sensitive part 8 and even the body of the probe 10 in its guide tube 6 are in the presence of the other pollutants in gaseous form and at hot temperature, it is desirable to avoid deteriorations which are was able to observe at the level of the guide tube 6. It is therefore planned within the framework of one invention to provide the metallic surfaces bathing in the effluent inside the chimney while they are heated, with a coating of protection against corrosion by acid fumes (hydrochloric acid and sulfur acids in particular).
- the upper guide tube 6 is made of a conductive metal alloy, if only to define the reference of electrical mass for the triboelectric measurement in the housing 28 in leaving the chimney, it is necessary to ensure the absence of leaks of electric charges between the massive rod of the probe 10 and its guide tube 6.
- the dimensional particulars indicated will be especially advantageous in the application of the invention to the analysis of the fumes discharged from factory chimneys as they commonly occur for an incineration plant.
- These data have the advantage of bringing out reports for transposition to other applications. It can thus be observed that the diameter of the measurement duct, including with its heating sleeve, corresponds to a fraction of the radius of the chimney, and that it is disposed, in section of the chimney, away from the outer wall of the chimney only from its longitudinal axis. Therefore, it is located at a medium speed zone in the transverse profile of the speeds through the chimney, even in the case where there is not a marked plateau of the speed profile.
- the device can be simplified compared to the example detailed above.
- the device can be simplified compared to the example detailed above.
- the temperature of the electrical heating resistance (means 19-21) supplemented by a true analog regulation of the power which supplies it as a function of the temperature detected in the measurement zone (means 25, 27, 22)
- thermoelectric probe As for the response sensitivity of the thermoelectric probe, it is generally adjusted in advance, at the level of the electronic shaping and signal processing unit which is specific to it, according to calibration measurements carried out by dosing the dust deposits on a strip of paper.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9714384 | 1997-11-17 | ||
FR9714384A FR2771174B1 (fr) | 1997-11-17 | 1997-11-17 | Procede, dispositif et installation pour l'analyse d'un effluent gazeux avec determination d'un taux de poussieres |
PCT/FR1998/002435 WO1999026055A1 (fr) | 1997-11-17 | 1998-11-16 | Procede, dispositif et installation pour l'analyse d'un effluent gazeux avec determination d'un taux de poussieres |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1032815A1 true EP1032815A1 (fr) | 2000-09-06 |
Family
ID=9513448
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98955661A Withdrawn EP1032815A1 (fr) | 1997-11-17 | 1998-11-16 | Procede, dispositif et installation pour l'analyse d'un effluent gazeux avec determination d'un taux de poussieres |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1032815A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001523816A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU1242499A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2771174B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999026055A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19729144C2 (de) * | 1997-07-08 | 2001-02-22 | Foedisch Umweltmestechnik Gmbh | Verfahren und Gerätesystem zur kontinuierlichen Ermittlung der Staubkonzentration in strömenden Gasen |
AU2005205847B2 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2006-12-14 | Goyen Controls Co Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for detecting particles in a gas flow |
AU2005205846B2 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2006-12-14 | Goyen Controls Co Pty Ltd | Method and apparatus for detecting particles in a gas flow |
AUPQ685900A0 (en) * | 2000-04-12 | 2000-05-11 | Goyen Controls Co Pty Limited | Method and apparatus for detecting particles in a gas flow |
US6765215B2 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-07-20 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Super alloy ionization chamber for reactive samples |
CN106197517B (zh) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-08-10 | 北京华电天仁电力控制技术有限公司 | 一种气固两相流模拟测试装置及相对浓度校验方法 |
CN109696334A (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-04-30 | 中电华创电力技术研究有限公司 | 一种可同步进行烟温取样的多管组合型烟气取样装置 |
FI128019B (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2019-08-15 | Pegasor Oy | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MEASURING PARTICLES |
CN109655492A (zh) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-04-19 | 浙江大学 | 一种基于摩擦纳米发电机的湿度传感器及其方法 |
CN114667638A (zh) | 2019-11-19 | 2022-06-24 | 赛昂能源有限公司 | 电池组以及相关联的系统和方法 |
CN113188966B (zh) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-12-09 | 南京松翠园林建设有限公司 | 一种市政道路施工用空气灰尘检测装置 |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3794909A (en) * | 1971-12-08 | 1974-02-26 | Ikor Inc | Apparatus for and method of sensing particulate matter |
US3784902A (en) * | 1971-12-08 | 1974-01-08 | Ikor Inc | Apparatus for sensing particulate matter |
US4531402A (en) * | 1983-05-02 | 1985-07-30 | Battelle Development Corp. | Apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of large particles in a gas |
US4607228A (en) * | 1984-01-13 | 1986-08-19 | Battelle Development Corporation | Apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of solid particles in a fluid stream |
US4631482A (en) * | 1984-10-09 | 1986-12-23 | Auburn International, Inc. | Dust flow inducing monitor |
-
1997
- 1997-11-17 FR FR9714384A patent/FR2771174B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-11-16 WO PCT/FR1998/002435 patent/WO1999026055A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1998-11-16 EP EP98955661A patent/EP1032815A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-11-16 JP JP2000521370A patent/JP2001523816A/ja active Pending
- 1998-11-16 AU AU12424/99A patent/AU1242499A/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9926055A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2001523816A (ja) | 2001-11-27 |
FR2771174B1 (fr) | 2000-01-14 |
WO1999026055A1 (fr) | 1999-05-27 |
FR2771174A1 (fr) | 1999-05-21 |
AU1242499A (en) | 1999-06-07 |
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