EP1019411A1 - Process for synthesizing carbapenem side chain intermediates - Google Patents

Process for synthesizing carbapenem side chain intermediates

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Publication number
EP1019411A1
EP1019411A1 EP98933069A EP98933069A EP1019411A1 EP 1019411 A1 EP1019411 A1 EP 1019411A1 EP 98933069 A EP98933069 A EP 98933069A EP 98933069 A EP98933069 A EP 98933069A EP 1019411 A1 EP1019411 A1 EP 1019411A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compound
accordance
formula
produce
reacted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98933069A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1019411A4 (en
Inventor
Karel M. J. Brands
John M. Williams
Ulf H. Dolling
Ronald B. Jobson
Anthony J. Davies
Ian F. Cottrell
Mark Cameron
Michael S. Ashwood
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merck and Co Inc
Original Assignee
Merck and Co Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9810184.3A external-priority patent/GB9810184D0/en
Application filed by Merck and Co Inc filed Critical Merck and Co Inc
Publication of EP1019411A1 publication Critical patent/EP1019411A1/en
Publication of EP1019411A4 publication Critical patent/EP1019411A4/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D495/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D495/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D495/08—Bridged systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/553—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/572—Five-membered rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the synthesis of carbapenem side chains, and in particular, to side chains or portions thereof containing a pyrrolidine group, which is bonded to the carbapenem nucleus through a thioether linkage.
  • the pyrrolidine is a portion of the side chain, and is substituted at the two position with any of a variety of substituents.
  • EP 551 993 Al published on July 21, 1993 relates to a synthesis which utilizes active esterifying agents and base, followed by treatment with hydrogen sulfide, or an alkali metal salt of hydrogen sulfide, and base.
  • the present invention is an improvement over these other processes, utilizing a sulfide source which surprisingly improves the process when commercial quantities are synthesized.
  • R! and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl and heteroaryl, said aryl and heteroaryl groups being unsubstituted or substituted with from 1-3 groups selected from the group consisting of: Cl-4 alkyl, Cl_4 alkoxy, Cl-4 alkyl thio, halo, hydroxy, CO2H, CO2CI-4 alkyl, NH 2 , NHCl-4 alkyl, N(Ci-4 alkyl)2, SO3H, CN, NHC(0)C M alkyl, S0 2 NH 2 , SO2C1-4 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;
  • Alkyl and the alkyl portions of substituent groups include monovalent hydrocarbon chains containing from 1-4 carbon atoms which are straight or branched as appropriate.
  • Aryl refers to 6-10 membered mono- and bicyclic ring systems, containing carbon atoms with alternating (resonating) double bonds.
  • Preferred aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl.
  • Heteroaryl refers to aromatic 5-10 membered mono- and bicyclic ring systems, containing from 1-4 heteroatoms, O, S or N.
  • Preferred nitrogen containing monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl and 1, 2, 4-triazolyl.
  • Preferred heteroaryl groups containing oxygen as the only heterotom include furanyl.
  • Preferred heteroaryl groups containing sulfur as the only heterotom include thienyl.
  • Preferred bicyclic heteroaryl groups include benzthiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl, indolyl and isoindolyl.
  • the aryl and heteroaryl groups may be substituted with 1-3 groups selected from the group consisting of: Ci-4 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, C1.4 alkylthio, halo, hydroxy, CO2H, CO2C1-4 alkyl, NH 2 , NHC1-4 alkyl, N(C ⁇ _ 4 alkyl) 2 , NHC(0)Ci- 4 alkyl, SO3H, CN, SO2NH2, SO2C1-4 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
  • Suitable protecting groups include the following without limitation: t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl, t-butoxydiphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyl- oxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC), 2,2,2- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl benzhydryl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, allyl, 2-chloroallyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, 2-(trimethyl- silyl)ethyl,
  • Preferred silyl protecting groups are trimethylsilyl and triethylsilyl.
  • Preferred carboxyl protecting groups are p-nitrobenzyl and allyl.
  • Preferred phosphoryl based protecting groups include diisopropylphosphoryl.
  • P represents a protecting group on the proline nitrogen atom.
  • P represents a member selected from the group consisting of: t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl, t-butoxydiphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitro- benzyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC), 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl benzhydryl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, allyl, 2-chloroallyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethyl, phen
  • P represents a protecting group which is selected from the group consisting of: t-BOC, diisopropylphosphoryl and p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.
  • P represents diisopropylphosphoryl.
  • Compound 2 used herein as a starting material is N protected trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline.
  • the 2-carboxyl group is activated using the compound diphenylphosphinic chloride, which is reacted with compound II in a solvent in the presence of excess base.
  • Solvents which are useful herein include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, toluene, fluorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof.
  • Bases which are useful for this reaction include trialkylamines.
  • Preferred trialkylamines include diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and triethylamine.
  • diphenylphosphinic chloride which is about equimolar to the starting compound
  • the reaction between compound 2 and diphenylphosphinic chloride is typically run at reduced temperature, below about 0°C to as low as about -40°C.
  • the reaction temperature is maintained at about -10°C.
  • Compound 3, with the diphenylphosphinyloxycarbonyl group at position two is reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl) to produce compound 4.
  • MsCl methanesulfonyl chloride
  • This reaction is conducted in a solvent, in the presence of a slight molar excess of pyridine, collidine, lutidine and the like, using a slight molar excess of MsCl.
  • This mesylation reaction may be conducted over about 1-4 hours, at a reduced temperature, e.g., about 0°C to as low as about -40°C.
  • the reaction temperature is maintained at about -10°C.
  • Compound 4 is thereafter combined with an alkali metal sulfide or non-alkali metal sulfide and water to form the thiolactone 1.
  • the reaction can be conducted at about -10°C to about room temperature.
  • the sulfide and water are added quickly, and the reaction is aged for several hours at ambient temperature.
  • alkali metal sulfide refers to the group I metal sulfides, such as the sulfides of sodium and potassium.
  • the alkali metal sulfide is Na 2 S.
  • non-alkali metal sulfides and “alkaline earth metals” are used interchangeably to include the group II alkaline earth metal sulfides selected from the group consisting of: magnesium, calcium and barium. Preferred are calcium and barium.
  • the preferred non-alkali metal sulfide most notably CaS, provides an unexpected advantage in that side products of the reaction have low solubility in water, and thus can be removed as a precipitate.
  • the amine HNR'R 2 is m-aminobenzoic acid.
  • the compound of formula 5 is reacted with an acid to produce a compound of formula 6:
  • compound 4' is reacted with a member selected from the group consisting of: Na 2 S, K 2 S, CaS and BaS to produce a compound of formula 1':
  • the thiolactone compound 1 is reacted with the amine HNR'R 2 in the presence of an organic acid to produce compound 5.
  • organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. Most preferably, the reaction is conducted in the presence of acetic acid.
  • compound 4' After the conversion of compound 4' to compound 1', the latter is combined with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine to form compounds of formula 5', which can be deprotected to give compound 6' or salt thereof.
  • solvents such as C,_ 5 alcohols, C j . 3 alkanoic acids, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and others may be added to improve crystallization, or otherwise facilitate isolation.
  • addition of a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine, e.g., tri-n-butylphosphine, at this stage may be useful in reducing the formation of disulfides corresponding to compound 6' and/or improving the rejection of other impurities.
  • HNR*R 2 wherein R 1 and/or R 2 represent H, aryl or heteroaryl react with compound 1 upon slight heating. Generally, the reaction proceeds from about RT to about 100°C over a few minutes to several hours.
  • the acid that is used to convert compound 5' to compound 6' can be varied within wide limits.
  • concentrated HCl can be used and is preferred.
  • the invention described herein can be conducted in essentially a single reaction vessel, thus allowing for economical production of compounds 6' from compound 2.
  • the mesylate mixed anhydride was formed according to WO 97/06154 published on February 20, 1997, incorporated herein by reference, and stirred with cooling at -15°C for 15 min.
  • Example One Part B
  • the compounds of column one are reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce the compounds in column two.
  • Example Three Using the procedures set forth in Example Three, the compounds of column one are reacted with the amine in column two to produce the compounds in column three.
  • Tri-n-butylphosphine may be added.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)

Abstract

A process of synthesizing a compound of formula (1) is described. A compound of formula (2) is reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride to activate the carboxylic acid group, and then reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce a compound of formula (4). Compound (4) is then reacted with a group II metal sulfide source in water to produce a compound of formula (1).

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION
PROCESS FOR SYNTHESIZING CARBAPENEM
SIDE CHAIN INTERMEDIATES
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to the synthesis of carbapenem side chains, and in particular, to side chains or portions thereof containing a pyrrolidine group, which is bonded to the carbapenem nucleus through a thioether linkage. Typically, the pyrrolidine is a portion of the side chain, and is substituted at the two position with any of a variety of substituents.
Conventionally, these intermediate compounds are prepared from a 4-hydroxyproline derivative of the formula:
Such synthetic schemes typically require the extensive use of protecting groups.
Similarly, a method of converting trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline to a thiolactone of the formula:
has been described. However, this thiolactone is unsuitably protected for synthesis of carbapenem antibiotics. EP 551 993 Al published on July 21, 1993 relates to a synthesis which utilizes active esterifying agents and base, followed by treatment with hydrogen sulfide, or an alkali metal salt of hydrogen sulfide, and base. The present invention is an improvement over these other processes, utilizing a sulfide source which surprisingly improves the process when commercial quantities are synthesized.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A process for synthesizing a compound of the formula 1:
is described wherein P is a protecting group
comprising
(a) reacting a compound of formula 2:
wherein P is as previously defined with diphenylphosphinic chloride to produce a compound of formula 3:
(b) reacting compound 3 with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce a compound of formula 4:
(c) combining compound 4 with an alkali metal sulfide or non-alkali metal sulfide in water to produce a compound of formula 1.
More particularly, the process described herein relates to a process for producing a compound of the formula 5:
wherein P is a protecting group;
R! and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl and heteroaryl, said aryl and heteroaryl groups being unsubstituted or substituted with from 1-3 groups selected from the group consisting of: Cl-4 alkyl, Cl_4 alkoxy, Cl-4 alkyl thio, halo, hydroxy, CO2H, CO2CI-4 alkyl, NH2, NHCl-4 alkyl, N(Ci-4 alkyl)2, SO3H, CN, NHC(0)CM alkyl, S02NH2, SO2C1-4 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;
comprising: (a) reacting a compound of the formula 2:
wherein P is as previously defined with diphenylphosphinic chloride to produce a compound of the formula 3:
(b) reacting compound 3 with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce a compound of formula 4:
(c) combining compound 4 with an alkali metal sulfide or non-alkali metal sulfide in water to produce a compound of formula 1:
and
(d) reacting compound 1 with NHR*R2 wherein R1 and R2 are as previously defined to produce a compound of formula 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention is described using the following definitions unless otherwise specified.
Alkyl and the alkyl portions of substituent groups include monovalent hydrocarbon chains containing from 1-4 carbon atoms which are straight or branched as appropriate.
Aryl refers to 6-10 membered mono- and bicyclic ring systems, containing carbon atoms with alternating (resonating) double bonds. Preferred aryl groups are phenyl and naphthyl.
Heteroaryl refers to aromatic 5-10 membered mono- and bicyclic ring systems, containing from 1-4 heteroatoms, O, S or N. Preferred nitrogen containing monocyclic heteroaryl groups include pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl and 1, 2, 4-triazolyl. Preferred heteroaryl groups containing oxygen as the only heterotom include furanyl. Preferred heteroaryl groups containing sulfur as the only heterotom include thienyl.
Preferred bicyclic heteroaryl groups include benzthiazolyl, benzimidazolyl, quinolinyl and isoquinolinyl, indolyl and isoindolyl. When substituted, the aryl and heteroaryl groups may be substituted with 1-3 groups selected from the group consisting of: Ci-4 alkyl, Ci-4 alkoxy, C1.4 alkylthio, halo, hydroxy, CO2H, CO2C1-4 alkyl, NH2, NHC1-4 alkyl, N(Cι_4 alkyl)2, NHC(0)Ci-4 alkyl, SO3H, CN, SO2NH2, SO2C1-4 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.
When necessary, the substituents which are optionally present on aryl and heteroaryl can be in protected form. Examples of suitable protecting groups include the following without limitation: t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl, t-butoxydiphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyl- oxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC), 2,2,2- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl benzhydryl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, allyl, 2-chloroallyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, 2-(trimethyl- silyl)ethyl, phenacyl, p-methoxybenzyl, acetonyl, p-methoxyphenyl, 4-pyridylmethyl, t-butyl, allyloxycarbonyl, di- .^ alkylphosphoryl, diarylphosphoryl and di-ar-C 0 alkylphosphoryl. Preferred silyl protecting groups are trimethylsilyl and triethylsilyl. Preferred carboxyl protecting groups are p-nitrobenzyl and allyl. Preferred phosphoryl based protecting groups include diisopropylphosphoryl.
Many other suitable hydroxyl and carboxyl protecting groups are known in the art. See, e.g., Greene, T. W., et al. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1991.
P represents a protecting group on the proline nitrogen atom. Thus, in one aspect of the invention, P represents a member selected from the group consisting of: t-butylmethoxyphenylsilyl, t-butoxydiphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitro- benzyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC), 2,2,2-trichloroethyloxycarbonyl benzhydryl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, allyl, 2-chloroallyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, 2-(trimethylsilyl) ethyl, phenacyl, p-methoxybenzyl, acetonyl, p-methoxyphenyl, 4-pyridylmethyl, t-butyl, allyloxycarbonyl, di-C,.l0 alkylphosphoryl, diarylphosphoryl and di-ar-C,.10 alkylphosphoryl.
More particularly, P represents a protecting group which is selected from the group consisting of: t-BOC, diisopropylphosphoryl and p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.
Most particularly, P represents diisopropylphosphoryl. Compound 2 used herein as a starting material is N protected trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline. The 2-carboxyl group is activated using the compound diphenylphosphinic chloride, which is reacted with compound II in a solvent in the presence of excess base. Solvents which are useful herein include dichloromethane, acetonitrile, toluene, fluorobenzene, tetrahydrofuran, or mixtures thereof. Bases which are useful for this reaction include trialkylamines. Preferred trialkylamines include diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) and triethylamine. Typically an amount of diphenylphosphinic chloride which is about equimolar to the starting compound can be used. The reaction between compound 2 and diphenylphosphinic chloride is typically run at reduced temperature, below about 0°C to as low as about -40°C. Preferably, the reaction temperature is maintained at about -10°C. Compound 3, with the diphenylphosphinyloxycarbonyl group at position two, is reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride (MsCl) to produce compound 4. This reaction is conducted in a solvent, in the presence of a slight molar excess of pyridine, collidine, lutidine and the like, using a slight molar excess of MsCl. This mesylation reaction may be conducted over about 1-4 hours, at a reduced temperature, e.g., about 0°C to as low as about -40°C. Preferably, the reaction temperature is maintained at about -10°C.
Compound 4 is thereafter combined with an alkali metal sulfide or non-alkali metal sulfide and water to form the thiolactone 1. Essentially the reaction can be conducted at about -10°C to about room temperature. Preferably the sulfide and water are added quickly, and the reaction is aged for several hours at ambient temperature.
As used herein, "alkali metal sulfide" refers to the group I metal sulfides, such as the sulfides of sodium and potassium. Preferably the alkali metal sulfide is Na2S.
As used herein, "non-alkali metal sulfides" and "alkaline earth metals" are used interchangeably to include the group II alkaline earth metal sulfides selected from the group consisting of: magnesium, calcium and barium. Preferred are calcium and barium.
The preferred non-alkali metal sulfide, most notably CaS, provides an unexpected advantage in that side products of the reaction have low solubility in water, and thus can be removed as a precipitate.
In a preferred aspect of the process described herein, the amine HNR'R2 is m-aminobenzoic acid.
In another preferred aspect of the process, the compound of formula 5 is reacted with an acid to produce a compound of formula 6:
6
More particularly, a compound of formula 2':
2'
is reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride to produce a compound of formula 3':
compound 3' is reacted with mesyl chloride to produce compound 4':
4'
compound 4' is reacted with a member selected from the group consisting of: Na2S, K2S, CaS and BaS to produce a compound of formula 1':
compound 1' is reacted with m-aminobenzoic acid to produce 5' :
5'
and compound 5' is reacted with acid to produce a compound of formula 6':
or a salt or solvate thereof.
In a preferred aspect of the invention, the thiolactone compound 1 is reacted with the amine HNR'R2 in the presence of an organic acid to produce compound 5. Examples of suitable organic acids include formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid. Most preferably, the reaction is conducted in the presence of acetic acid.
After the conversion of compound 4' to compound 1', the latter is combined with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine to form compounds of formula 5', which can be deprotected to give compound 6' or salt thereof. In the isolation of 6' solvents, such as C,_5 alcohols, Cj.3 alkanoic acids, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and others may be added to improve crystallization, or otherwise facilitate isolation. Also, addition of a trialkyl or triaryl phosphine, e.g., tri-n-butylphosphine, at this stage may be useful in reducing the formation of disulfides corresponding to compound 6' and/or improving the rejection of other impurities.
Most primary and secondary amines HNR*R2 wherein R1 and/or R2 represent H, aryl or heteroaryl react with compound 1 upon slight heating. Generally, the reaction proceeds from about RT to about 100°C over a few minutes to several hours.
The acid that is used to convert compound 5' to compound 6' can be varied within wide limits. For example, concentrated HCl can be used and is preferred.
The invention described herein can be conducted in essentially a single reaction vessel, thus allowing for economical production of compounds 6' from compound 2.
The invention is further illustrated with the following non- limiting examples.
EXAMPLE ONE
QS. 4SV5-DIISOPROPYLPHOSPHORYL-2-THIA-5-
AZABICYCLOr2.2.11HEPTAN-3-ONE
diphenylphosphinic chloride
1-2
methanesulfonyl chloride
The following starting materials were utilized:
The mesylate mixed anhydride was formed according to WO 97/06154 published on February 20, 1997, incorporated herein by reference, and stirred with cooling at -15°C for 15 min.
Calcium sulfide (1.49 g) was added as a solid and washed with water (30 mL), resulting in a three phase reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred rapidly and the cooling bath removed, allowing the mixture to reach room temperature. The solids quickly went into solution, and a white solid precipitate was formed.
The mixture was stirred for 45 min and then filtered through a coarse filter. The solid on the filter was washed with dichloromethane and the filtrate separated.
The organic layer (approx. 200 mL) was washed with 1 M HCl (50 mL), and 8% NaHC03 (50 mL). The aqueous bicarbonate layer was back extracted and the combined extracts were washed with brine and the layers weighed. The presence of the title compound (4.04 g) was confirmed by HPLC.
EXAMPLE TWO
diphenylphosphinic chloride
2-2
methanesulfonyl chloride
2-4
A. Synthesis of transrN-t-butoxycarbonyl-2- diphenylphosphinyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxy-L-proline
inic
2-2
2-3
A solution of compound 2-2 (35.0 g, 151 mmol.) and DIPEA (60 mL, 344 mmol) in dry THF (1.0 L) was combined over 20 min with a solution of diphenylphosphinic chloride (37.5 g, 155 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at -20°C. The reaction mixture was stirred at -20°C for 90 minutes to produce compound 2-3, which can be isolated and characterized or used in the next part without isolation.
B. Synthesis of trans-N-t-butoxycarbonyl-2-diphenylphosphinyl oxycarbonyl-4-methanesulfonyloxy-L-proline
methanesulfonyl chloride
2-3
2-4
Without isolation and characterization, after stirring the reaction mixture from part A for 90 minutes at -20°C, pyridine (13.0 mL, 161 mmol) was added followed by a solution of methanesulfonyl chloride (19.8 g, 171 mmol) in THF (50 mL) over 15 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred at -20°C for 2 hours and allowed to warm to -5°C over an additional 30 minutes producing compound 2-4. The methanesulfonyl substituted compound can be isolated and characterized, or used in the next reaction without isolation and characterization. Synthesis of N-t-butoxycarbonyl-2-thia-5-azabicyclo[2.2. l]heptan- 3-one
2-4
After allowing the reaction from part B to warm to -5°C, a slurry of CaS (45.0 g, 187 mmol) in H2O (60 mL) is added in one portion. The mixture is allowed to warm to room temperature and is stirred for 6 hrs. The resulting suspension is filtered and the filtrate is then partitioned between toluene and water. The organic layer is washed with HCl (2.0 M), NaHCθ3 (1.0 M) and brine, dried over MgS04 and concentrated in vacuo.
EXAMPLE THREE
3-5 The thiolactone 2-1 from Example Two without isolation, can be combined with the amine shown below in column one to produce the cis N-protected 4-thiol substituted proline derivative shown below in column two.
(1) 4.0 eq. of NH4C1 in Et3N; solvent CH3OH; reaction time: 30 min at RT;
(2) 1.25 eq. of aniline; solvent toluene; reaction time: 2 hrs at l00°C;
(3) 1.25 eq. of 3-aminobenzoic acid; solvent toluene; reaction time: 2 hrs at 100°C;
(4) 1.25 eq. of 5-amino-2-carboxythiophene; solvent toluene; 2 hrs at 100°C;
(5) P represents diisopropylphosphoryl. (iPr = isopropyl).
EXAMPLE FOUR
Using the procedures set forth in Example Two, Part A, the compounds of column one are reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride to produce the compounds in column two. EXAMPLE FIVE
Using the procedures set forth in Example One, Part B, the compounds of column one are reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce the compounds in column two.
EXAMPLE SIX
Using the procedures set forth in Example Two, Part C, the compounds of column one are reacted with CaS in water to produce the compounds in column two.
EXAMPLE SEVEN
Using the procedures set forth in Example Three, the compounds of column one are reacted with the amine in column two to produce the compounds in column three.
1 : Tri-n-butylphosphine may be added.
While certain preferred embodiments have been described herein in detail, numerous alternative embodiments are contemplated as falling within the scope of the invention.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:
1. A process for synthesizing a compound of the formula 1:
wherein P is a protecting group,
comprising (a) reacting a compound of the formula 2:
wherein P is as previously defined with diphenylphosphinic chloride to produce a compound of the formula 3:
(b) reacting compound 3 with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce a compound of formula 4:
4 , and
(c) combining compound 4 with an alkali metal sulfide or non-alkali metal sulfide in water to produce a compound of formula 1.
2. A process of producing a compound of the formula 5:
wherein P is a protecting group;
R! and R2 are independently selected from hydrogen, aryl and heteroaryl, said aryl and heteroaryl groups being unsubstituted or substituted with from 1-3 groups selected from the group consisting of: Cl-4 alkyl, Cl-4 alkoxy, Cl-4 alkylthio, halo, hydroxy, CO2H, CO2CI-4 alkyl, NH2, NHCl-4 alkyl, N(Cl-4 alkyl)2, SO3H, CN, NHC(0)C alkyl, SO2NH2, SO2C1-4 alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl;
comprising: (a) reacting a compound of the formula 2:
wherein P is as previously defined with diphenylphosphinic chloride to produce a compound of the formula 3:
(b) reacting compound 3 with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce a compound of formula 4:
(c) combining compound 4 with an alkali metal sulfide or non- alkali metal sulfide in water to produce a compound of formula 1:
and (d) reacting compound 1 with NHR lR2 wherein R1 and R2 are as previously defined to produce a compound of formula 5.
3. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein P represents a member selected from the group consisting of: t-butylmethoxyphenylsil'yl, t-butoxydiphenylsilyl, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, o-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, t-butyloxycarbonyl (t-BOC), 2,2,2- trichloroethyloxycarbonyl benzhydryl, o-nitrobenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, 2-naphthylmethyl, allyl, 2-chloroallyl, benzyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl, t-butyldiphenylsilyl, 2- (trimethylsilyl)ethyl, phenacyl, p-methoxybenzyl, acetonyl, p-methoxyphenyl, 4-pyridylmethyl, t-butyl, allyloxycarbonyl, di-C 0 alkylphosphoryl, diarylphosphoryl and di-ar-C 0 alkylphosphoryl.
4. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein P is selected from t-BOC, p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl and diisopropylphosphoryl.
5. A process in accordance with claim 4 wherein
P represents diisopropylphosphoryl.
6. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein 1 and NHR'R2 are reacted to produce a compound of formula 5 in the presence of an organic acid.
7. A process in accordance with claim 6 wherein the organic acid is selected from formic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid.
8. A process in accordance with claim 6 wherein 1 and
NHR!R2 are reacted in an organic solvent.
9. A process in accordance with claim 8 wherein the organic solvent is methylene chloride.
10. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein compound 2 is reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride in the presence of a base.
11. A process in accordance with claim 3 wherein the base is a trialkylamine.
12. A process in accordance with claim 11 wherein the trialkylamine is selected from the group consisting of diisopropylethylamine and triethylamine.
13. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein compound 3 is reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce a compound of formula 4 in the presence of a base.
14. A process in accordance with claim 13 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, collidine and lutidine.
15. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein compound 4 is reacted with a non-alkali metal sulfide to produce a compound of formula 1.
16. A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein the non-alkali metal sulfide in water is reacted with compound 4 to produce a compound of formula 1 at a temperature of about -10┬░C to about room temperature.
17. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein P represents t-butoxycarbonyl, diisopropylphosphoryl or p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.
18. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein compound 2 is reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride in the presence of a base.
19. A process in accordance with claim 18 wherein the base is a trialkylamine. -
20. A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the trialkylamine is selected from the group consisting of diisopropylethylamine and triethylamine.
21. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein compound 3 is reacted with methanesulfonyl chloride to produce a compound of formula 4 in the presence of a base.
22. A process in accordance with claim 19 wherein the base is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, collidine and lutidine.
23. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein the non-alkali metal sulfide in water is reacted with compound 4 to produce a compound of formula 1 at a temperature of about -10┬░C to about room temperature.
24. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein P represents t-butoxycarbonyl, diisopropylphosphoryl or p- nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl.
25. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein NHRiR2 is selected from the group consisting of:
26. A process in accordance with claim 15 wherein the non-alkali metal sulfide is selected from a sulfide of calcium, barium and magnesium.
27. A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein the non-alkali metal sulfide is comprised of calcium sulfide.
28. A process in accordance with claim 26 wherein the non-alkali metal sulfide is comprised of barium sulfide.
29. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein: P represents diisopropylphosphoryl and compound 4 is reacted with CaS in water to produce a compound of formula 1.
30. A process in accordance with claim 1 wherein:
P represents diisopropylphosphoryl and compound 4 is reacted with NajS in water to produce a compound of formula 1.
31. A process in accordance with claim 2 wherein the amine HNR!R2 is m-aminobenzoic acid.
32. A process in accordance with claim 2, further comprising reacting a compound of formula 5 with an acid to produce a compound of formula 6:
H 6
33. A process in accordance with claim 32 in which trialkyl or triarylphosphines is optionally added.
34. A process in accordance with claim 33 in which the trialkylphosphine is tri-n-butylphosphine.
35. A process in accordance with claim 32 in which a solvent selected from the group consisting of C 5 alcohols, Cj.3 alkanoic acids, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and others is optionally added.
36. A process in accordance with claim 2, wherein a compound of formula 2' :
2'
is reacted with diphenylphosphinic chloride to produce a compound of formula 3':
compound 3 ' is reacted with mesyl chloride to produce a compound of formula 4' :
P(O)(OiPr)2
4'
compound 4' is reacted with a member selected from the group consisting of: Na2S, K2S, CaS and BaS to produce a compound of formula 1':
compound 1' is reacted with m-aminobenzoic acid to produce 5':
5'
and compound 5' is reacted with acid to produce a compound of formula
6' :
or a salt or solvate thereof.
37. A process in accordance with claim 32 in which trialkyl or triarylphosphines is optionally added.
38. A process in accordance with claim 33 in which the trialkylphosphine is tri-n-butylphosphine.
39. A process in accordance with claim 32 in which a solvent selected from the group consisting of Ct.5 alcohols, C 3 alkanoic acids, toluene, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate and others is optionally added.
EP98933069A 1997-07-09 1998-07-02 Process for synthesizing carbapenem side chain intermediates Withdrawn EP1019411A4 (en)

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CA2294341C (en) * 1997-07-10 2007-09-25 Merck & Co., Inc. Crystalline forms of antibiotic side chain intermediates
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WO2002040482A1 (en) * 2000-11-20 2002-05-23 Sankyo Company, Limited Process for producing carbapenem-type antibacterial
WO2006020573A2 (en) * 2004-08-11 2006-02-23 Barbeau Donald L Noncardiotoxic pharmaceutical compounds
CN102264744A (en) * 2008-12-25 2011-11-30 株式会社钟化 Improved process for producing intermediate for side chain of carbapenem
CN106565579A (en) * 2016-06-26 2017-04-19 宁夏海诚电化信息科技有限公司 Ertapenem side chain production technology

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