EP1004529B1 - A roller feed device for a print substrate of non-uniform thickness - Google Patents
A roller feed device for a print substrate of non-uniform thickness Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1004529B1 EP1004529B1 EP19980830705 EP98830705A EP1004529B1 EP 1004529 B1 EP1004529 B1 EP 1004529B1 EP 19980830705 EP19980830705 EP 19980830705 EP 98830705 A EP98830705 A EP 98830705A EP 1004529 B1 EP1004529 B1 EP 1004529B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- feed
- roller
- feed device
- rollers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H27/00—Special constructions, e.g. surface features, of feed or guide rollers for webs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J13/00—Devices or arrangements of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, specially adapted for supporting or handling copy material in short lengths, e.g. sheets
- B41J13/02—Rollers
- B41J13/03—Rollers driven, e.g. feed rollers separate from platen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J25/00—Actions or mechanisms not otherwise provided for
- B41J25/304—Bodily-movable mechanisms for print heads or carriages movable towards or from paper surface
- B41J25/308—Bodily-movable mechanisms for print heads or carriages movable towards or from paper surface with print gap adjustment mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
- B41J3/28—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for printing downwardly on flat surfaces, e.g. of books, drawings, boxes, envelopes, e.g. flat-bed ink-jet printers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J3/00—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed
- B41J3/28—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for printing downwardly on flat surfaces, e.g. of books, drawings, boxes, envelopes, e.g. flat-bed ink-jet printers
- B41J3/283—Typewriters or selective printing or marking mechanisms characterised by the purpose for which they are constructed for printing downwardly on flat surfaces, e.g. of books, drawings, boxes, envelopes, e.g. flat-bed ink-jet printers on bank books or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/10—Rollers
- B65H2404/13—Details of longitudinal profile
- B65H2404/133—Limited number of active elements on common axis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/10—Rollers
- B65H2404/14—Roller pairs
- B65H2404/144—Roller pairs with relative movement of the rollers to / from each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
- B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
- B65H2404/10—Rollers
- B65H2404/18—Rollers composed of several layers
- B65H2404/185—Rollers composed of several layers easy deformable
Landscapes
- Delivering By Means Of Belts And Rollers (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to a roller feed device for a print substrate of non-uniform thickness and, in particular, to a feed device according to the preamble of the first claim.
- Roller feed devices are commonly used in printers of various types such as, for example, dot-matrix printers. A device of this type is formed by two opposed feed units; each feed unit is constituted by a rigid shaft on which friction rollers are mounted for pulling or pushing along a print substrate. (see for example EP-A-0 372 248).
- In the particular case of a very thick print substrate, for example, with a thickness of more than 0.5 mm, it is necessary for both feed units to have driven rollers. The use of a single feed unit with driven rollers with the other feed unit having idle rollers in fact makes it extremely difficult to feed the print substrate between the opposed rollers of the two feed units.
- A disadvantage of the known feed devices described above is that they do not operate correctly in the presence of a print substrate of non-uniform thickness in a transverse direction relative to a feed axis, such as, for example, an open bank book with a spine parallel to the feed axis. In this situation, the rollers are not in fact pressed against a thinner portion of the book with sufficient force; this causes a misalignment of the book, resulting in malfunctioning of the printer.
- One solution could be to incline the shaft of one of the two feed units according to the thickness of the book. However, the inclined arrangement of the shaft, and hence also of the respective rollers, does not enable the rollers to achieve a good grip on the book.
- A different solution could be to use an articulated structure for the shaft of one of the feed units so that the height of each roller could be adapted to the thickness of the book. However, this would require the use of a complex transmission system with joints which would make the feed device extremely expensive.
- The object of the present invention is to prevent the aforementioned problems. To achieve this object, a roller feed device as described in the first claim is proposed.
- In short, the present invention provides a roller feed device for a print substrate of non-uniform thickness in a transverse direction relative to a feed axis, comprising a first feed unit and a second feed unit disposed substantially opposite one another, each feed unit having a shaft perpendicular to the feed axis for connection to a drive motor for rotating the shaft, and at least one friction roller mounted on the shaft in order to be rotated by the shaft, the friction rollers acting on the print substrate in an operative condition in which the print substrate is interposed between the first feed unit and the second feed unit, in which the shaft of at least one of the first and second feed units is resiliently deformable by flexure in order to bend according to the thickness of the print substrate in the operative condition.
- The present invention also proposes a printer comprising the feed device.
- Further characteristics and the advantages of the feed device according to the present invention will become clear from the following description of a preferred embodiment thereof, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
- Figure 1 shows, schematically and in section, an example of a printer in which the feed device of the present invention can be used,
- Figure 2a shows, in perspective, the feed device fitted in the printer,
- Figure 2b is a front view of the feed device in an operative condition.
-
- With reference in particular to Figure 1, this shows a serial dot-
matrix printer 100 for banking uses. Theprinter 100 has amechanical support framework 103; inside theframe 103 there is aprint head 106 having a matrix of pins (not shown in the drawing). Thehead 106 is supported by acarriage 109 which can run on twoguide bars - The pins of the
head 106 face aplaten 115 parallel to theguide bars ribbon 118 is arranged in a manner such that a portion of the inked ribbon is interposed between the pins of thehead 106 and theplaten 115. The movement of thehead 106 defines a printing line 121 on theplaten 115. - A
support platform 124 is articulated to theframe 103 externally. Abank book 127 is placed on theplatform 124 in order to be inserted manually through afront slot 130. A slide 133 and asupport plate 136 face one another and are arranged between thefront slot 130 and thehead 106. Thesupport plate 136 houses alignment rollers 139 (bearing against an abutment element 142), thickness-detection levers 143, and a feed unit 148b with idle rollers (opposite a feed unit 148a with driven rollers). Astopper 145 constituted, for example, by a series of teeth projecting upwards from the slide 133, is provided between thesupport plate 136 and thehead 106. Alower slide 151a and anupper slide 151b which face one another are arranged on the opposite side of thehead 106. On theslides feed unit 154a with driven rollers and by afeed unit 154b with driven rollers, disposed opposite one another. - The
printer 100 also includes a pair of tractor-feed devices 157 which are used for feeding towards the print line 121 a continuous (fanfold) module not shown in the drawing, which is inserted through arear slot 160. - Printing data are supplied by a processing system (not shown in the drawing) by means of a suitable cable connected to an
interface connector 163. The operation of theprinter 100 is controlled by a microprocessorlogic control unit 166 in response to commands supplied by the processing system or input by a user by means of anexternal panel 169. - In a waiting (stand-by) condition of the
printer 100, the alignment rollers 139 and the idle rollers of the feed unit 148b are raised so as to be spaced from the abutment element 142 and from the driven rollers of the feed unit 148a, respectively; at the same time, thestopper 145 is raised to block access to the printing line 121. When thebook 127 is inserted in thefront slot 130, thebook 127 is interposed between the slide 133 and thesupport plate 136. A presence sensor (not shown in the drawing), disposed on thesupport plate 136, detects the insertion of thebook 127. Thelogic control unit 166 consequently lowers the alignment rollers 139; these rollers 139 align thebook 127 relative to the printing line 121 (in dependence on signal supplied by a pair of alignment sensors, not shown in the drawings, disposed on the support plate 136) and simultaneously urge thebook 127 against thestopper 145. - Once the
book 127 is aligned, the idle rollers of the feed unit 148b and thestopper 145 are lowered. The units 148a, 148b then feed thebook 127 towards the printing line 121 along anaxis 172 perpendicular thereto. Thebook 127 is transported to the printing line 121 between the head 106 (and the respective inked ribbon 118) and theplaten 115. The distance of thehead 106 from theplaten 115 is adjusted dynamically in dependence on the thickness of thebook 127 detected by the levers 143. Thebook 127 is advanced with an intermittent motion; each time thebook 127 stops, thehead 106 passes across the printing line 121 (in the two directions alternately) so as to print several lines (of characters or of a graphics image) on thebook 127 in succession. The book is then pulled along by thefeed device - Upon completion of a printing operation, the idle rollers of the feed unit 148b are raised and the direction of rotation of the driven rollers of the
feed units book 127 towards thefront slot 130. In particular, when thebook 127 has passed over the feed unit 148a but before it leaves thefeed device book 127 is thus urged outwardly by the rollers 139 which put thebook 127 out of alignment in order to indicate the completion of the printing operation visually to an operator. The alignment rollers 139, the idle rollers of the feed unit 148b, and thestopper 145 are raised and theprinter 100 returns to the stand-by condition. - Similar considerations apply if the serial dot-matrix printer has a different structure, for example, with two or more feed units with driven rollers; alternatively, a parallel printer, a daisy-wheel printer, an ink-jet printer, or the like is envisaged.
- With reference now to Figure 2a (the elements already shown in Figure 1 are identified by the same reference numerals), the
book 127 is fed in with a spine parallel to thefeed axis 172 so that its thickness is not uniform in a transverse direction relative to this axis. Similar remarks apply if another print substrate such as a passport, an airline ticket, or the like is used; it should in any case be noted that the feed device of the present invention may be used with any type of print substrate even with a thin substrate of uniform thickness (such as, for example, a sheet of paper). - The
feed unit 154b is constituted by ashaft 205 which is elongate along alongitudinal axis 210 perpendicular to thefeed axis 172 and the ends of which are connected (by means of suitable bearings, not shown in the drawing) to the frame of the printer. Theshaft 205 has a generally rectangular cross-section with slightly convex smaller side surfaces. -
Friction rollers 220a-220e (of which there are five in the embodiment shown) are fitted on theshaft 205. Theroller 220a (similar remarks apply to theother rollers 220b-220e) is constituted by a central disk-shaped body 225; thedisk 225 is typically made of rubber and has a rough lateral surface. In the centre of thedisk 225 there is ahub 230 constituted by a hollow cylinder with a radius smaller than that of thedisk 225; thehub 230 is longer than thedisk 225 and projects to an equal extent from both ends (to the left and to the right) of thedisk 225. Inside the hub 230 (half way along its length) there is a partition in which a through-hole 235 complementary to theshaft 205 is formed. The through-hole 235 is slightly larger than theshaft 205 so that theroller 220a is coupled loosely to theshaft 205. - The
feed unit 154a is constituted by ashaft 236 of square cross-section which is elongate along a longitudinal axis 237 (coplanar with and parallel to the axis 210).Friction rollers 238a-238e projecting from thelower slide 151a are coupled with theshaft 236 in a fixed manner and each bears against acorresponding roller 220a-220e of thefeed unit 154b. - The
shafts gears 239 to a drive motor (not shown in the drawings). When the motor drives the system ofgears 239, theshafts longitudinal axes rollers 220a-220e and 238a-238e, respectively. - Alternatively, the corresponding rollers of the two feed units are spaced apart slightly, a different number of friction rollers (or even only one roller) is provided, the central body of each roller has a structure with spokes, the rollers are mounted on the shaft in another manner, etc.
- In the feed unit according to the present invention, the
shaft 205 is resiliently deformable by flexure so that, in an operative condition in which thebook 127 is interposed between thefeed units shaft 205 bends according to the thickness of thebook 127, as shown in the front view of Figure 2b (the elements already shown in Figure 2a are identified by the same reference numerals). Theshaft 236, however, is rigid (that is, with negligible deformation in the application in question) so that it remains straight when thebook 127 is interposed between thefeed units shaft 236 is resiliently deformable and theshaft 205 is rigid, or if the shafts of bothfeed units - In this structure, when the
book 127 is interposed between thefeed units rollers 220a-220e are moved upwards by the corresponding thickness of thebook 127. The deformation of theshaft 205 generates a resilient force which urges therollers 220a-220e against thebook 127, ensuring an optimal grip thereon at every point. - The solution of the present invention is also extremely reliable, simple and can be mass-produced at very low cost.
- The
shaft 236 is typically made of steel. Theshaft 205, on the other hand, is made of a material having a modulus of elasticity substantially lower than that of steel (205,800 N/mm2), for example 3-6 times lower; theshaft 205 is preferably made of a polyamide resin. With suitable dimensions of the cross-section of theshaft 205, it is possible to achieve an optimal flexibility value thereof (the ratio between the deflection and the force bringing it about, which is substantially linear in the field of application in question), so as to allow theshaft 205 to bend according to the thickness of thebook 127 whilst exerting a resilient force on thebook 127 such as to keep therollers 220a-220e pressed well against the book. The flexibility of theshaft 205 at a central point along theaxis 210 is preferably between 1 mm/N and 50 mm/N; for example, with a shaft 25 cm long and with a rectangular cross-section with sides of 5 mm and 3 mm, a flexibility of 10 mm/N is achieved (in the direction of the -smaller sides). Polyamide resin also ensures good torsional stiffness (for the driving of therollers 220a-220e). Alternatively, the shaft has a different cross-section, is made of a different material such as an acetal resin, etc. - With reference again to Figure 2a, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a
flat spring 240a-240e made, for example, of spring steel, is associated with each of therollers 220a-220e. Thespring 240a (similar remarks apply to the other springs 240b-240e) has arear end 245 which is bent slightly downwards; two through-holes provided in therear end 245 are used for riveting thespring 240a to theupper slide 151b. Thespring 240a terminates at the front in a fork (formed, for example, by blanking) having a left-hand arm 250a and a right-hand arm 250b. A free end of eacharm hub 230 which projects from thedisk 225. - When the
book 127 is interposed between thefeed units spring roller 220a-220e towards thefeed unit 154a; this ensures an improved grip of therollers 220a-220e on thebook 127, or permits the use of a more flexible shaft which follows the thickness of thebook 127 better (for a given pressure exerted by therollers 220a-220e on the book 127). Similar remarks apply if the flat springs have a different structure or if other equivalent resilient means are used; the feed unit of the present invention may, in any case, also be formed without such springs. - Each
flat spring 240a-240e described above also keeps the associatedroller 220a-220e, which is fitted loosely on theshaft 205, in axial position (relative to theupper slide 151b, which is fixed to the frame of the printer). Twoshoulders 255a and 255b are preferably provided on theshaft 205, between two adjacent rollers, for example, therollers 220c and 220d. Eachshoulder 255a, 255b abuts the partition inside the hub of theroller 220c and 220d, respectively. This keeps theshaft 205 in axial position relative to therollers 220c and 220d (which are fixed to theupper slide 151b by means of the springs 240c and 240d, respectively) preventing removal of theshaft 205. - In the structure described above, when the
book 127 is interposed between thefeed units shaft 205 and of thesprings 240a-240e is not generally uniform along theshaft 205 but is greater in its centre (particularly in the case of print substrates which are very narrow with respect to the feed axis 172). In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the present invention, theouter springs outer springs outer springs shaft 205 and by thesprings 240a-240e) on eachroller 220a-220e is thus substantially uniform along theshaft 205, ensuring optimal operation of thefeed device - Similar remarks apply if two or more springs disposed in the vicinity of each end of the shaft have an elastic constant greater than those of the other springs, if the outer springs are made of a thicker metal plate than the inner springs, etc. The feed device of the present invention may, in any case, also be formed with identical springs for all of the rollers (possibly with the shaft having a variable cross-section along the longitudinal axis).
- Naturally, in order to satisfy contingent and specific requirements, an expert in the art may apply to the above-described feed device many modifications and variations all of which, however, are included within the scope of protection of the invention as defined by the following claims.
Claims (10)
- A roller feed device (154a, 154b) for a print substrate (127) of non-uniform thickness in a transverse direction relative to a feed axis (172), comprising a first feed unit (154a) and a second feed unit (154b) disposed substantially opposite one another, each feed unit (154a; 154b) having a shaft (205; 236) perpendicular to the feed axis (172) for connection to a drive motor for rotating the shaft (205; 236), and at least one friction roller (220a-220e; 238a-238e) mounted on the shaft (205; 236) in order to be rotated by the shaft (205; 236), the friction rollers (220a-220e; 238a-238e) acting on the print substrate (127) in an operative condition in which- the print substrate (127) is interposed between the first feed unit (154a) and the second feed unit (154b),
characterized in that
the shaft (205) of at least one (154b) of the first and second feed units (154a, 154b) is resiliently deformable by flexure in order to bend according to the thickness of the print substrate (127) in the operative condition. - A feed device (154a, 154b) according to Claim 1, in which the shaft (205) of the at least one feed unit (154b) has a flexibility of between 1 mm/N and 50 mm/N at a central point along a longitudinal axis (210).
- A feed device (154a, 154b) according to Claim 2, in which the shaft (205) is made of a polyamide resin.
- A feed device (154a, 154b) according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, in which the at least one feed unit (154b) further comprises resilient means (240a-240e) for urging the at least one roller (220a-220e) towards the other feed unit (154a).
- A feed device (154a, 154b) according to Claim 4, in which the at least one roller is constituted by a plurality of rollers (220a-220e) each (220a) comprising a disc (225) with a central hub (230) having a first end and a second end projecting from a first end and from a second end of the disk (225), respectively, and in which the resilient means comprise a plurality of flat springs (240a-240e) each associated with a corresponding roller (220a-220e) and terminating in a fork (250a, 250b) having a first arm (250a) and a second arm (250b) bearing on the first end and on the second end of the hub (230), respectively.
- A feed device (154a, 154b) according to Claim 5, in which the shaft (205) has a non-circular cross-section and in which each roller (220a) has a central through-hole (235) complementary to the shaft (205) in order to couple the roller (220a) loosely to the shaft (205), the roller (220a) being kept in axial position relative to a frame (103) of the printer (100) by the corresponding spring (240a).
- A feed device (154a, 154b) according to Claim 6, in which the shaft (205) has a first shoulder (255a) and a second shoulder (255b) disposed between two adjacent rollers (220c, 220d) for keeping the shaft (205) in axial position relative to the rollers (220a-220e).
- A feed device (154a, 154b) according to any one of Claims 5 to 7, in which the outer springs (240a, 240e) disposed in the vicinity of the ends of the shaft (205) have an elastic constant greater than that of the inner springs (240b-240d) disposed between the outer springs (240a, 240e).
- A feed device (154a, 154b) according to Claim 8, in which the inner springs (240b-240d) include a single metal plate and the outer springs (240a, 240e) include two superimposed metal plates.
- A printer (100) comprising at least one roller feed device (154a, 154b) according to any one of Claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980830705 EP1004529B1 (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1998-11-24 | A roller feed device for a print substrate of non-uniform thickness |
DE1998613831 DE69813831T2 (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1998-11-24 | Roll feeder for a printing substrate with non-uniform thickness |
CN 99123979 CN1254651A (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1999-11-22 | Roller feeder for printed object with non-uniform thickness |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980830705 EP1004529B1 (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1998-11-24 | A roller feed device for a print substrate of non-uniform thickness |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1004529A1 EP1004529A1 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
EP1004529B1 true EP1004529B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 |
Family
ID=8236897
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19980830705 Expired - Lifetime EP1004529B1 (en) | 1998-11-24 | 1998-11-24 | A roller feed device for a print substrate of non-uniform thickness |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1004529B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1254651A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69813831T2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2003078287A1 (en) * | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | F & F Limited | Sheet feeder and printer |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60154087A (en) * | 1984-01-24 | 1985-08-13 | Canon Electronics Inc | Sheet material feeding apparatus |
FR2617764A1 (en) * | 1987-07-06 | 1989-01-13 | Sagem | PRINTER MACHINE ARRANGED FOR REDUCTION OF ITS SOUND OPERATING LEVEL |
US4974680A (en) * | 1988-11-14 | 1990-12-04 | Tokyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Sheet-feeding mechanism |
JP2763387B2 (en) * | 1990-07-20 | 1998-06-11 | キヤノン株式会社 | Sheet transport device and printer having the sheet transport device |
JP2694839B2 (en) * | 1993-07-20 | 1997-12-24 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレイション | Paper transport roller |
-
1998
- 1998-11-24 EP EP19980830705 patent/EP1004529B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-24 DE DE1998613831 patent/DE69813831T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-11-22 CN CN 99123979 patent/CN1254651A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69813831D1 (en) | 2003-05-28 |
CN1254651A (en) | 2000-05-31 |
DE69813831T2 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
EP1004529A1 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
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