EP1003697A1 - Procede d'oxydation de derives hydrocarbones substitues - Google Patents
Procede d'oxydation de derives hydrocarbones substituesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1003697A1 EP1003697A1 EP98941513A EP98941513A EP1003697A1 EP 1003697 A1 EP1003697 A1 EP 1003697A1 EP 98941513 A EP98941513 A EP 98941513A EP 98941513 A EP98941513 A EP 98941513A EP 1003697 A1 EP1003697 A1 EP 1003697A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formula
- heteropolyacid
- iii
- equal
- advantageously
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/16—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation
- C07C51/21—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C51/215—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of saturated hydrocarbyl groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B33/00—Oxidation in general
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
- C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/39—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by oxidation of groups which are precursors for the acid moiety of the ester
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a controlled oxidation process of electron-depleted substrates, in the presence of a catalyst whose active phase is obtained from heteropolyacid (s). It relates more particularly to the gentle oxidation of a substrate having a methylene carrying at least one function or of an electron-withdrawing group.
- the present invention further relates to a composition obtained from certain specific heteropolyacids and titanium dioxide as a support, as well as a catalyst comprising said composition as active phase.
- a composition obtained from certain specific heteropolyacids and titanium dioxide as a support as well as a catalyst comprising said composition as active phase.
- heteropolyacid will be used in this text.
- Keggin's structure we can refer to two articles published in "the catalyst review newsletter”; the one published in October 1993 about the “solid acid '93 meeting, Houston Texas” on page 9 and the one in volume 4 N ° 7, page 12.
- Such a process would be of particular interest for the synthesis of carbon derivatives which are also both oxygenated and halogenated and above all fluorinated.
- the electron-withdrawing group or groups are chosen from fluorine atoms and radicals whose carbon of attachment (that is to say linked to said> CH-) is mono- , advantageously di-fluorinated.
- the electron-withdrawing group special mention should be made of perfluoroalkyls and in particular trifluoromethyl. This is why one of the aims of the present invention is to provide a controlled oxidation process which makes it possible to treat substrates depleted in electron.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process of the above type which allows the formation of carbon oxygen bond (s).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process of the above type which allows the formation of ether, ester and / or acid function (s).
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process of the above type which allows the formation of ether, ester and / or acid function (s) from a methylated perfluoroalkane, and in particular from trifluoro-1, 1, 1 ethane. .
- - D represents phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, silicon, germanium and / or boron
- - E represents an element chosen from vanadium optionally in combination with at least one metal from columns VA, VIIA, VIII or chromium; said acid can be partially or even completely neutralized by a cationic entity of formula (II) [A a E substituting for H f : x being the number of oxygen necessary for the respect of the highest valences of C, D and E ;
- - A represents at least one monovalent cation chosen from hydrogen, an alkali metal, or even an ammonium or phosphonium ion;
- - f a + ⁇ b with ⁇ being the charge of the ion B, ie equal to 2.3 or 4;
- f / d is, on the one hand, at least equal to 1 and, on the other hand, at most equal to 12, advantageously to 8, preferably to 6.
- f / d is an integer.
- X is equal to (f + c ⁇ + d ⁇ + e ⁇ ) / 2 where the Greek letters represent the highest valence of the elements represented by the corresponding Latin capital letters.
- the radicals, the atoms or the groups having a Hammett constant ⁇ p greater than zero are considered to be electron-withdrawing agents (cf., for example, table on page 244).
- the ⁇ p is at least equal to 0.1; advantageously 0.2, preferably 0.3.
- the preferred electron-withdrawing character is the inducing effect, so we recommend that the above values be reached by the single inducing effect (component ⁇ of ⁇ p [see page 247 of the March]); in this case, the preferred values are that ⁇ ⁇ is at least equal to 0.1; advantageously 0.3, preferably 0.4.
- electron-withdrawing groups having a strong electron-withdrawing component by mesomeric effect such as nitro (which is not easy to use because it is dangerous) or sulfonyl groups are not preferred.
- the information relating to the table of the periodic classification of the elements refers to that which appeared in the supplement to the bulletin of the governing Chimique de France (n ° 1 - January 1966).
- the invention also relates to a composition obtained from titanium dioxide as a support and a heteropolyacid of formula (I).
- titanium dioxide and titanium oxide have the same meaning.
- the process according to the invention consists in using a catalyst whose active phase is obtained from a heteropolyacid of formula (I) mentioned above.
- element B is chosen from the ions V0 2+ , V0 3+ , Cu + , Fe 3+ , Co 2+ , Ag + , Ni 2+ , Mn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Bi + . Sn + . Sn 4+ .
- the element B is chosen from the ions V0 2+ , V0 3+ , preferably the ion VO ++.
- this is more particularly chosen from chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel.
- the heteropolyacid used in the preparation of the active phase corresponds to formula (I) in which D is phosphorus, E vanadium, d is 1, C is between 1 and 3, and the sum of c + e is 12.
- the catalyst used has an active phase comprising, in addition, a support.
- a support for carrying out this particular embodiment, mention may, for example, be made of titanium, silicon, zirconium, cerium, tin, alumina, silica-alumina, these compounds which can be used alone or as a mixture .
- the support is chosen from titanium or zirconium bioxides, the first being preferred.
- the active phase of the catalyst has an atomic ratio, (C + E) / metallic element of the support, of between 0.1 and 30%.
- metallic element of the support is meant titanium, zirconium, cerium, etc.
- the above atomic ratio is between 5 and 20%.
- the distribution between the two constituents of the active phase is such that the heteropolyacid of formula (I) is more particularly dispersed on the surface of said support.
- the catalyst is used in mass form, that is to say a catalyst comprising only the active phase obtained from the heteropolyacid and, where appropriate, from the support.
- the catalyst is used in dilute form, that is to say that the abovementioned active phase is mixed with an inert.
- the active phase can be either deposited thereon, coated or even mixed therewith.
- sintered clay As materials capable of being used as inert, there may be mentioned: sintered clay, magnesia, magnesium silicate, diatomaceous earth.
- inert materials can be used in porous form or not.
- the inert used is in non-porous form. If necessary, it can be glazed to make it so.
- Ceramic materials such as cordierite, mullite, porcelain, silicon and boron nitrides, silicon carbide, can also be used as inert.
- the catalyst used in the process according to the invention is in the form of particles or of monolith.
- the particle size of these depends on the mode of use of the catalyst. It can therefore vary within wide limits, such as in particular being between a few micrometers and a ten millimeters. More particularly, and by way of indication, a catalyst used in a fixed bed has a particle size distribution generally between 0.5 and 6 mm.
- the particle size of the particles of a catalyst used in a fluidized or moving bed is usually between 5 and 700 microns, and preferably between 5 and 200 microns for 80% of the particles.
- the catalyst can be, for example, in the form of beads or rings.
- rings we mean hollow objects whose section is circular, parallelipiped, ellipsoidal among others.
- the quantity of inert entering into the composition of the catalyst varies within wide limits depending, most of the time, on the method of shaping of the catalyst.
- the catalysts obtained by coating or depositing the active phase on the inert material have an amount of active phase usually varying between 0.1 and 30% and, preferably between 2 and 20% by total weight of catalyst (active phase + inert). In cases where the catalyst comprises the active phase dispersed in an inert, the amount of active phase is between 1 and 90% by total weight of catalyst.
- the active phase of the catalyst coats the inert present.
- the catalyst can be prepared according to any conventional, simple and reproducible method, which constitutes an additional advantage of the invention.
- Heteropolyacids are known compounds and a person skilled in the art can refer to the publications relating to them to prepare them.
- heteropolyacids that is to say the compounds for which A represents a hydrogen atom, it is possible in particular to implement two types of process.
- a mixture comprising the constituent elements of the heteropolyacid is refluxed in water for 24 hours, preferably in the form of 'oxides.
- Another method of obtaining heteropolyacids of the same type as above and for which the value of c is between 6 and 12, consists in preparing a solution of the constituent elements of HPA, present in the form of alkali or alkaline earth metal salts. This is obtained by dissolving said compounds in water.
- the solution obtained is neutralized by the addition of a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid in particular.
- a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid in particular.
- the resulting product is extracted from the medium with ether and then contacted with distilled water to obtain an aqueous solution, from which the heteropolyacid can be crystallized.
- the contacting of the heteropolyacid with said support is carried out by means, for example, of a dry impregnation, although d other routes are not excluded a priori.
- a dry impregnation although d other routes are not excluded a priori.
- the support is brought into contact as defined above, with a solution of heteropolyacid in an amount such that the atomic ratio, (C + E) / metallic element of the support, is between 0.1 and 30% and, preferably between 5 and 20%.
- This drying step can advantageously be carried out in two stages: the first consisting in evaporating the solvent or dispersant from the mixture, more particularly water, until dry, the second in drying the paste thus obtained.
- the first step is carried out at a temperature varying from 20 to 100 ° C., under vacuum or not, for the time necessary to obtain a paste.
- Evaporation is usually carried out with stirring.
- the paste obtained is then dried, in a second step, under an atmosphere, preferably non-reducing, such as oxygen or air for example, for an average duration of 15 h.
- the drying temperature is usually between 100 and 150 ° C. It should be noted that other drying methods can be envisaged, such as for example drying the suspension by atomization in any type of apparatus and under conditions known to those skilled in the art.
- the dried product is then subjected to a calcination step. This is carried out, in a conventional manner, under a non-reducing atmosphere.
- air is used, but oxygen could just as easily be used.
- the calcination temperature is usually between 200 and 500 ° C.
- the duration of the operation varies between 1 and 24 hours.
- the dried product Before and / or after the calcination step, the dried product can undergo a deagglomeration step.
- the coating method is preferably used.
- the inert is brought into contact, preferably in the form of rough particles, and the active phase in a high shear mixer (LODIGE type devices) or in a granulation device (drageers, in the form of a drum or plate).
- LODIGE high shear mixer
- granulation device granulation devices, in the form of a drum or plate.
- the operation is generally carried out at a temperature varying between 20 and 150 ° C. for the time necessary for coating the inert material with the desired quantity of active phase, more particularly in air, for at least 30 min.
- the particles thus obtained are usually calcined at a temperature between 300 and 500 ° C.
- the duration of the calcination is generally at least 3 h.
- the method according to the invention consists in carrying out a controlled oxidation of a substrate which has a link (> CH-), advantageously methylene (CH2), carrying at least one group (or atom ) electron-withdrawing device with a source of oxygen, in the presence of a catalyst as described above.
- the substrate have a saturated vapor pressure of at least 1 kiloPascal at the temperature at which the oxidation is carried out, advantageously 5 , preferably 10 kiloPascals. It is preferable that these values are reached from 200 ° C (3 significant figures), advantageously from 180 ° C.
- said methylene link carries a hydrogen and therefore forms a methyl. It is desirable that said electron-withdrawing group (or atom) be difficult to oxidize, that is to say that when the open bond is replaced by a fluorine the compound thus constructed is not considered to be flammable within the meaning of the European directives on transport. on the day of filing of this request.
- the said electron-withdrawing group (s) [or atom (s)] have at least one halogen atom, advantageously fluorine.
- Said electron-withdrawing group is advantageously chosen from highly halogen groups, that is to say groups whose ⁇ Hydrogen / ⁇ Halogen ratio is at most equal to 1, advantageously 2/3, preferably 1/2.
- highly halogen groups that is to say groups whose ⁇ Hydrogen / ⁇ Halogen ratio is at most equal to 1, advantageously 2/3, preferably 1/2.
- said electron-withdrawing group is advantageously chosen from perhalogenated groups, preferably from perfluorinated groups Rf.
- said halogens are advantageously at least for half of the fluorines, preferably said group is chosen from Rf groups such as trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl, or highly fluorinated groups such as, for example, difluoromethyl, tetrafluoroethyl, penta- or hexa- hepta- or octa-fluorobutyl fluoropropyls.
- Rf groups such as trifluoromethyl or pentafluoroethyl
- highly fluorinated groups such as, for example, difluoromethyl, tetrafluoroethyl, penta- or hexa- hepta- or octa-fluorobutyl fluoropropyls.
- the halogens are arranged so that there are at least two halogen atoms on the vicinal carbon of the link to be oxidized.
- said link (to be oxidized)> CH-, can carry an alkyl radical, a second electron-withdrawing group (or even a third) or, preferably, a hydrogen (thus forming a methylene stricto sensu).
- a second electron-withdrawing group can be connected to the first electron-withdrawing group to form a cycle.
- Said link> CH- can carry an acrylic group.
- Said link> CH- may advantageously be a methylene group (CH2), preferably carrying a hydrogen to form a methyl radical.
- Preferred substrates can be written as follows:
- GEA-CH (R 1 ) (R 2 ) where (GEA) represents an electron-withdrawing group (including atom), advantageously by inducing effect (see above); where Rj represents either a hydrogen or an electron-withdrawing group (including atom); where R2 represents either a hydrogen or even an alkyl group (but this is not preferred).
- halogens advantageously light (Cl and F), preferably fluorine
- the more complex electron-withdrawing groups are preferred, linked to the carbon to be oxidized (> CH-) by a carbon-carbon bond. It is desirable that one, preferably both of R ⁇ and R2 are
- GEA can carry another oxidizable site so that oligomeric ethers or esters can be made, or rather when the shortest distance between the two sites is suitable (two, three or four links [advantageously perhalogenated, preferably perfluorinated], not including the methylene oxidation sites), an ether or even ester cycle.
- these compounds generally have at most about 20 carbon atoms, advantageously at most 15 carbon atoms, preferably at most 10 carbon atoms, more preferably at most 8 carbon atoms.
- the term "approximately” is used to highlight the fact that the values which follow it correspond to mathematical rounding and in particular that when the digit (s) furthest to the right of a number are zeros, these zeros are position zeros and not significant digits, unless of course specified otherwise.
- the reaction is advantageously carried out in the presence of a catalyst whose active phase is deposited on a support.
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst the said active phase of which is deposited on a support and that the support is chosen from titanium, silicon, zirconium, cerium and tin bioxides. alumina, silica-alumina, or mixtures thereof.
- the reaction is carried out with a gas mixture comprising 0.1 to 99.9% by mole of substrate, and more particularly between 0.1 and 3% or between 10 and 99% by mole of substrate and is preferably used as a source of oxygen in the air, oxygen or nitrous oxide.
- reaction is carried out with a gas mixture comprising 0.1 to 99.9% by mole of oxygen and, more particularly, comprising between 1 and 90% or between 97 and 99.9% by mole of oxygen.
- a gas mixture having a substrate / oxygen molar ratio of less than 20 and, more particularly, between 0.01 and 0.2 or between 0.6 and 18 is used.
- the reaction is carried out in the presence of a diluent chosen from water, or inert gases, or recycled gases from the reaction, alone or as a mixture and, more particularly, a gaseous mixture comprising 0.1 to 70 mol% of water and preferably comprising 1 to 20 mol% of water.
- a diluent chosen from water, or inert gases, or recycled gases from the reaction, alone or as a mixture and, more particularly, a gaseous mixture comprising 0.1 to 70 mol% of water and preferably comprising 1 to 20 mol% of water.
- the heteropolyacid of formula (I) corresponds to the crude formula (III):
- ⁇ representing the following atoms or entities P, As, Sb, HSi, HGe, H 2 B; ⁇ representing the following atoms or entities W, Mo, HV and their mixtures.
- ⁇ represents a pentavalent entity (including an atom) chosen from P, As, Sb, HSi, HGe, H 2 B, or even the mixtures they form with one another, advantageously among the phosphorus atoms and arsenic, preferably ⁇ represents phosphorus.
- ⁇ represents a hexavalent entity (including an atom) chosen from W, Mo, HV and their mixtures.
- W + Mo atomic ratio
- W + Mo + V the atomic ratio
- heteropolyacid of formula (III) have a so-called Keggin structure.
- delta ( ⁇ ) is important for the level of oxidation obtained (see below).
- heteropolyacid of formula (III) can be such that ⁇ is a mixture of at least two atoms or entities.
- the heteropolyacid of formula (III) is such that ⁇ has an atomic ratio W / Mo at least equal to 1/2, advantageously to 1, preferably to 2.
- the heteropolyacid of formula (III) is such that ⁇ has an atomic ratio V / (W + Mo + V) at least equal to 1/12, advantageously 1/6, preferably 1/4.
- the substrate be oxidized to carboxylic acid (essentially in the case where said link> CH- is methyl) and it will be preferred that the heteropolyacid of formula (III) and the cationic entity of formula (II) are such that the atomic ratio between all the hydrogens present and ⁇ is at least equal to 3, advantageously to 4, preferably to 5.
- the substrate be oxidized in the medium state II (for example into an ester or a ketone)
- the heteropolyacid of formula (III) and the cationic entity of formula (II) are such that the atomic ratio between all the hydrogens present and ⁇ is at least equal to 2 and at most equal to 3.
- the heteropolyacid of formula (III) and the cationic entity of formula (II) are such that the atomic ratio between all of the hydrogens present (c (i.e. including those provided by the entity (HV) in ⁇ and by the entities HSi, HGe, H2B in ⁇ ) and ⁇ is at most equal to 3, advantageously to 2, preferably to 1. It it is also preferable that the cationic entity [AaBb] at least partially replacing the hydrogen comprises vanadium IV (VO ++).
- the present invention also relates to a composition which comprises a support phase chosen from titanium and zirconium bioxides and their mixture and at least one heteropolyacid phase of formula (III) in which ⁇ has an atomic ratio W / Mo at least equal to 1/12, preferably at
- composition where the heteropolyacid of formula (III) and the cationic entity of formula (II) are such that the atomic ratio between the totality of the hydrogens present and au is at most equal to 3, advantageously to 2, of preferably 1.
- composition where the heteropolyacid of formula (III) and the cationic entity of formula (II) are such that the atomic ratio between the totality of the hydrogens present and ⁇ is at least equal to 3, advantageously to 4, of preferably 5.
- the heteropolyacid of formula (III) and the cationic entity of formula (II) are such that the atomic ratio between all the hydrogens present and ⁇ is at least equal to 2 and at most equal to 3.
- the heteropolyacid of formula (III) has a so-called Keggin structure.
- the heteropolyacid of formula (III) is such that ⁇ is a mixture of at least two atoms or entities.
- the heteropolyacid has a formula (III) such that ⁇ corresponds to an atomic ratio W / Mo at least equal to 1/2, advantageously to 1, preferably to 2.
- the heteropolyacid may also be advantageous for the heteropolyacid to have a formula (III) such that ⁇ corresponds to an atomic ratio V / (W + Mo + V) at least equal to 1/12, advantageously 1/6, preferably 1 / 4.
- the typical test takes place over two days and has two parts.
- HPAs were dry impregnated on the Ti0 2 support according to the procedure described above.
- the Ti0 2 support has a specific area of 86 m 2 / kg and a pore volume with water of 0.94 ml / g.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9709890A FR2766818B1 (fr) | 1997-08-01 | 1997-08-01 | Procede d'oxydation menagee de derives hydrocarbones substitues et compositions heteropolyacides utiles comme catalyseurs d'oxydation menagee |
FR9709890 | 1997-08-01 | ||
PCT/FR1998/001713 WO1999006338A1 (fr) | 1997-08-01 | 1998-07-31 | Procede d'oxydation de derives hydrocarbones substitues |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1003697A1 true EP1003697A1 (fr) | 2000-05-31 |
Family
ID=9509943
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98941513A Withdrawn EP1003697A1 (fr) | 1997-08-01 | 1998-07-31 | Procede d'oxydation de derives hydrocarbones substitues |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1003697A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2001512089A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU8986498A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2766818B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999006338A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA986754B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2389324B (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2005-08-17 | Council Scient Ind Res | A novel catalytic formulation and its preparation |
WO2002078842A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-10 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Nouvelle formulation catalytique et sa preparation |
GB0404793D0 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2004-04-07 | Bp Chem Int Ltd | Process |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4522934A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1985-06-11 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Vanadotungstomolybdophosphoric acid oxidation catalyst |
GB9114127D0 (en) * | 1991-06-29 | 1991-08-14 | Laporte Industries Ltd | Epoxidation |
FR2720063B1 (fr) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-10-25 | Rhone Poulenc Chimie | Catalyseur à base d'hétéropolyacide et son utilisation pour la préparation d'acide acétique par oxydation ménagée de l'éthane. |
-
1997
- 1997-08-01 FR FR9709890A patent/FR2766818B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-07-29 ZA ZA9806754A patent/ZA986754B/xx unknown
- 1998-07-31 AU AU89864/98A patent/AU8986498A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-07-31 EP EP98941513A patent/EP1003697A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 1998-07-31 JP JP2000505103A patent/JP2001512089A/ja active Pending
- 1998-07-31 WO PCT/FR1998/001713 patent/WO1999006338A1/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9906338A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ZA986754B (en) | 2000-01-31 |
FR2766818B1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 |
FR2766818A1 (fr) | 1999-02-05 |
WO1999006338A1 (fr) | 1999-02-11 |
AU8986498A (en) | 1999-02-22 |
JP2001512089A (ja) | 2001-08-21 |
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