EP0992080B1 - Antenne a forte capacite de balayage - Google Patents
Antenne a forte capacite de balayage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0992080B1 EP0992080B1 EP98933717A EP98933717A EP0992080B1 EP 0992080 B1 EP0992080 B1 EP 0992080B1 EP 98933717 A EP98933717 A EP 98933717A EP 98933717 A EP98933717 A EP 98933717A EP 0992080 B1 EP0992080 B1 EP 0992080B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- antenna
- antenna according
- radiating elements
- axis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/19—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface
- H01Q19/192—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface with dual offset reflectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna strong scanning capacity. It relates more particularly an antenna which is intended for a telecommunications system, especially by satellites.
- antennas are often needed for receiving signals from a mobile source and / or transmit signals to a mobile receiver (or target).
- a mobile receiver or target
- active antennas are used stationary radiant elements but which can be varied the direction of the radiation pattern by varying the phase of the signals supplying the radiating elements.
- This technique does not allow to obtain diagrams of satisfactory radiation for deflection angles important, i.e. for directions deviating so notable of the average direction of emission and / or reception.
- Tracking a source or receiver can also be performed using a conventional antenna, a motor controlling the movement of this antenna.
- This type of antenna mechanically movable and motorized components not suitable for all applications. In particular, for applications spatial it is better to avoid, for reasons of reliability, size and weight, the use of such antenna.
- the invention overcomes these drawbacks. She permits the creation of an antenna with high scanning capacity with a satisfactory radiation pattern for the angles of important depointing and which does not call upon organs mobile.
- the antenna according to the invention comprises an assembly static radiating elements controlled to perform a scan and reflecting means for amplifying the angle of scanning provided by the radiating elements.
- Ways reflector have two reflectors with a focus common the first reflector receiving the beam emitted by the set of radiating elements and the second reflector receiving the beam reflected by the first reflector.
- the focal length of the first reflector is greater than the focal length of the second reflector so that the beam coming out of the antenna has an inclination to a direction predetermined which is greater than the inclination ⁇ , with respect to at the given direction, of the beam emitted by the elements Radiant.
- the angle of the scanning carried out by the elements radiant can be reduced in proportion to the amplification produced by the reflecting means.
- the radiating elements are not used for angles of too important depointing.
- the constraints imposed on radiating elements to be scanned according to a reduced angle are much less severe.
- overall dimensions are less limited, which allows a not, i.e. a distance between two radiating elements adjacent, of sufficient value to avoid the lobes of networks without compromising the propagation of radiation.
- the reflecting means are in fact analogous to those commonly used, for example in Grain Breaker antennas, to increase the beam size.
- the reflector means are used unlike usual use. Indeed, in a Cassegrain antenna, a increase in beam size corresponds to a decrease in scanning angle.
- each reflector comprises, by example, a dish.
- the gain of the amplification in scanning depends on the ratio between the focal lengths of the two reflectors.
- This ratio is, for example, four.
- the reflectors are arranged in such a way that the output beam is not obscured, even partially, by the first reflector, i.e. the receiving reflector directly the beam from the radiating elements.
- a preferred application of the invention relates to a antenna for communication with a plurality of sources or receivers located in a wide area, communication to remain confined to the area despite the change in position of the antenna in relation to the area.
- Satellites have an altitude between 1000 and 1500 km.
- each satellite has groups reception and transmission antennas, each group being dedicated to a given area.
- the receiving antennas receive signals from a station in the area and antennas retransmit signals received to another station in the same area.
- the antennas of a group remain constantly oriented towards the area, as long as it remains in the field of satellite view. So, for a satellite, a region of the earth is divided into n areas and when it moves over it a region, each group is assigned a group of antennas constantly transmitting and receiving towards this area.
- the low altitude of the satellites minimizes propagation times, which is favorable for interactive communications, especially for so-called multimedia applications.
- the radiation pattern has a variable shape depending on the position relative of the satellite to the area.
- the antenna sees the area in the form of a circle when the satellite is at the nadir of this zone ; on the other hand when the satellite moves away from this position the antenna sees the area as an ellipse all the more flattened as it approaches the horizon.
- an antenna according to the invention in which the reflectors are paraboloides allows to adapt the ground trace of the diagram to the relative position of the antenna relative to the area, without having to modify the radiation pattern provided by the radiating elements.
- the antenna has a significant gain when the satellite is close to the horizon relative to the zoned.
- the distance from the satellite to the area is the more important; thus the increase in gain compensates increasing distance, which is favorable for maintaining communications.
- each antenna being used for an even smaller scan.
- An antenna according to the invention can be used for follow several zones, the radiating elements being able to receive, or transmit, signals from or to multiple zones.
- antenna which we will describe is intended for a telecommunications system using a constellation of low-orbiting satellites, about 1300 km above from the surface 10 of the earth.
- the system must establish communications between users 12, 14, 16 ( Figure 1) and one, or more, station (s) 20 to which suppliers are connected services such as databases.
- the communications are also established between users through of the connection station 20.
- the satellite 22 sees a region 24 of the earth (FIG. 2) and this region is divided into zones 26 1 , 26 2 ... 26 n .
- Each zone 26 i has the shape of a circle with a diameter of about 700 km.
- Each region 24 is delimited by a cone 70 (FIG. 1) centered on the satellite and an apex angle determined by the altitude of the satellite. A region is thus the part of the earth visible from the satellite. When the satellite altitude is 1300 km, the apex angle is about 110 °.
- Communication between zones is carried out using terrestrial means, for example using cables arranged between the connection stations of the various zones forming part from the same region or from different regions.
- the number and the arrangement of the satellites are such that at each instant, an area 26 i sees two or three satellites. In this way, when a zone 26 i leaves the field of vision of the satellite assigned to communications in this zone, there remains a satellite to take over and the switching from one satellite to the other takes place instantaneously.
- the antennas according to the invention are, during the movement of the satellite over a region 24, always pointed to the same area or the same set of areas. They must therefore have a strong scanning capacity or misalignment.
- the antenna includes ( Figure 3) a panel 30 of radiant elements associated with a network forming phase control beam (not shown) of applied signals with radiant elements.
- a beam 32 emitted by the panel 30 is directed towards a first reflector 34 having the shape of a paraboloid with circular cutout.
- This reflector is an element a fictitious surface 36 whose axis 38, on which the hearth 40, is distant from the reflector 34.
- the axis 38 is perpendicular to the plane of the panel 30.
- the beam 42 reflected by the reflector 34 is directed towards a second reflector 44 arranged opposite the axis 38 with respect to the reflector 34 and to the panel 30.
- This reflector 44 is also an element of a fictitious surface 46, which in the plan of FIG. 3 is a parabola with the same focus 40 as the parabola 36 and the same axis 38.
- the surface 46 is also a paraboloid.
- the concavity of the reflector 44 is turned towards the concavity of the reflector 34.
- the focal length of the reflector 44 is for example four times less than the focal length of the reflector 34.
- the axis 38 does not form an intersection with the reflectors 34 and 44.
- the edge 44 1 of the reflector 44 closest to the axis 38 is at a distance from the axis substantially less than the distance from the edge 34 1 corresponding from reflector 34 to axis 38.
- the network 30 has a general external shape of a circle with a diameter of 30 cm (or 12 ⁇ ) approximately with 37 separate radiating elements others 42 mm, or 1.7 ⁇ , ⁇ being the wavelength of the radiation.
- Each of the reflectors is cut in a circle.
- the diameter of the circle limiting the reflector 34 is, in this example, of the order of 28 ⁇ , while the diameter of the circle limiting the reflector 44 is of the order of 30 ⁇ .
- the distance between the edge 34 1 of the axis 38 is 24 ⁇ and the distance between the edge 44 1 of the reflector 44 and the axis 38 is 4 ⁇ .
- the grating 30 When the grating 30 emits a beam of waves 32 1 parallel to the axis 38, that is to say perpendicular to its plane, this beam is reflected by the reflector 34 so that it is focused at the focus 40 Under these conditions the reflector 44 returns this beam 32 2 parallel to the axis 38 as represented by the beam 32 3 .
- the beam 32 6 reflected by the reflector 34 converges at a point 50 close to the focal point 40 and the beam 32 7 reflected by the reflector 44 is inclined by an angle which is approximately n times the angle ⁇ , n being the ratio of the focal distance f of the reflector 34 to the focal distance f 'of the reflector 44.
- this ratio between the focal distances being four, the beam 32 7 is therefore inclined at an angle 4 ⁇ with respect to the axis 38.
- the beam 32 10 is reflected in a beam 32 11 by the reflector 34 and the latter converges at a point 52 distant from the focal point 40.
- the beam 32 11 is reflected by the reflector 44 according to a beam 32 12 .
- the beam 32 7 also of azimuth 90 °, is inclined by 18 ° relative to axis 38. This value corresponds well to 4 ⁇ .
- the beam 32 12 has an inclination of 38 ° relative to the axis 38, this which is substantially less than four times the inclination of the beam 32 10 .
- the azimuth of the beam 32 12 is also 90 °.
- the beam emitted by the network 30 can scan an angle ⁇ between 4.5 ° and -14 °.
- ⁇ limits are imposed, firstly, by the geometry because the beam reflected by the reflector 34 must reach the reflector 44 and, moreover, the beam reflected by the reflector 44 must not be obscured by the reflector 34.
- the radiation performance of the beams converging forward (in the direction of the outgoing beam) of the focal point 40 also limits the scanning because, for these inclined beams, it departs from nominal operation.
- Figure 4 relates to a variant of Figure 3 in which the reflector 44 'has a general shape ovoid, i.e. more elongated in one direction than in the orthogonal direction, and the reflector 34 'presents, as the reflector 34, a circular cut.
- the reflector 44 has its largest dimension in the plane of symmetry which is perpendicular to the axis 38 common to both dishes. In this example this larger dimension is approximately 48 ⁇ .
- the antenna does not allow cover the entire region seen by satellite but the fraction 80 of this region which is hatched in FIG. 5. This fraction 80 represents approximately 60% of the region.
- an antenna 90 transmits so privileged towards the West, while an antenna 92 transmits in a way privileged towards the East.
- the two antennas 90 and 92 are integral with a plan support 94 whose normal 96 is directed towards the center of Earth. In other words the axis 96 is always pointed towards the point 100 in Figure 5.
- the antennas 90 and 92 emit towards regions symmetrical with respect to the axis 102 ( Figure 5).
- the antenna 90 transmits towards the region 80 while the antenna 92 transmits towards the symmetrical region of this region 80 with respect to the axis 102.
- the axis 38 1 of the antenna 90 is, with respect to the axis 96 inclined so that it is directed towards a zone 26p (FIG. 5) corresponding substantially to the center of region 80.
- axis 38 2 of antenna 92 is inclined symmetrically.
- the same network of elements radiant 30 can be used to emit multiple beams.
- the same network 30 associated with reflectors 34 and 44 or 34 'and 44' can be used for send to multiple zones or receive signals from multiple areas.
- the same support 94 carries two pairs of antennas 90 1 , 92 1 and 90 2 , 92 2 .
- Each antenna for example the reference 92 1 , comprises two panels of radiating elements, one 30 1 for transmission, and the other 30 2 for reception.
- the gain is greater at the edge of region 24 than at nadir.
- the region limits correspond to the most significant inclinations for which the concerned area of the output reflector (or radiating aperture) is the most important and therefore for which the resolution is the most important.
- Figure 3 where we see that on the reflector 44 the beam 32 12 corresponds to a larger area than the beam 32 3 . In this way, for the most inclined areas which are the most distant, the increase in gain compensates for the increase in distance.
- the shape of the ground trace adapts to the target area.
Description
-14°. Ces limites sont imposées, en premier lieu, par la géométrie car le faisceau réfléchi par le réflecteur 34 doit atteindre le réflecteur 44 et, en outre, le faisceau réfléchi par le réflecteur 44 ne doit pas être occulté par le réflecteur 34. En second lieu, les performances de rayonnement des faisceaux convergeant en avant (dans le sens du faisceau sortant) du foyer 40 limitent aussi le balayage car, pour ces faisceaux inclinés, on s'éloigne du fonctionnement nominal.
Claims (11)
- Antenne comprenant un ensemble (30 ; 301, 302) d'éléments rayonnants statiques commandé pour émettre un faisceau dans des directions variables par rapport à une direction centrale donnée, et des moyens réflecteurs (34, 44 ; 34', 44') comportant deux réflecteurs (34, 44 ; 34', 44') présentant un foyer commun (40), le premier réflecteur (34, 34') recevant le faisceau émis par l'ensemble d'éléments rayonnants et le deuxième réflecteur (44, 44') recevant le faisceau réfléchi par le premier réflecteur, caractérisée en ce la distance focale du premier réflecteur (34, 34') est supérieure à la distance focale du deuxième réflecteur (44, 44') de telle sorte que le faisceau sortant de l'antenne présente une inclinaison par rapport à une direction prédéterminée (38) qui est supérieure à l'inclinaison Θ, par rapport à la direction donnée (38), du faisceau émis par les éléments rayonnants (30).
- Antenne selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que chacun des réflecteurs (34, 44 ; 34', 44') est un segment de paraboloïde.
- Antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que les deux réflecteurs présentent un axe commun (38).
- Antenne selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que l'axe commun (38) est dans la direction centrale.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un réflecteur est délimité par un bord ou découpe sensiblement circulaire.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'au moins un réflecteur est délimité par un bord ou découpe de forme allongée.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'ensemble (30) d'éléments rayonnants est commandé pour rayonner simultanément vers plusieurs zones distinctes (261, 262 ...).
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est orientée de façon telle que pour les directions de pointage correspondant aux cibles (26) les plus éloignées, l'ouverture rayonnante est plus importante que pour des cibles plus proches.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte un ensemble d'éléments rayonnants (301) pour l'émission et un ensemble d'éléments rayonnants (302) pour la réception qui sont associés aux mêmes moyens réflecteurs.
- Ensemble d'au moins deux antennes dont chacune est selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les éléments rayonnants et les moyens réflecteurs des deux antennes sont symétriques par rapport à un axe (96) constituant un axe de visée centrale de l'antenne.
- Application d'une antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes à un système de télécommunication par satellites tournant autour de la terre, l'antenne, montée à bord d'un satellite, étant commandée de façon telle qu'elle vise toujours la même zone (26i) au cours du déplacement du satellite au-dessus d'une région (24) divisée en une pluralité de zones sensiblement de mêmes formes et de mêmes dimensions.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9708011 | 1997-06-26 | ||
FR9708011A FR2765404B1 (fr) | 1997-06-26 | 1997-06-26 | Antenne a forte capacite de balayage |
PCT/FR1998/001345 WO1999000870A1 (fr) | 1997-06-26 | 1998-06-25 | Antenne a forte capacite de balayage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0992080A1 EP0992080A1 (fr) | 2000-04-12 |
EP0992080B1 true EP0992080B1 (fr) | 2002-01-30 |
Family
ID=9508477
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98933717A Expired - Lifetime EP0992080B1 (fr) | 1997-06-26 | 1998-06-25 | Antenne a forte capacite de balayage |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6172649B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP0992080B1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU8344098A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2289007C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69803671T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2169919T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2765404B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999000870A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2835356B1 (fr) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-09-30 | Cit Alcatel | Antenne de reception pour couverture multifaisceaux |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3914768A (en) * | 1974-01-31 | 1975-10-21 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Multiple-beam Cassegrainian antenna |
US4203105A (en) * | 1978-05-17 | 1980-05-13 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Scanable antenna arrangements capable of producing a large image of a small array with minimal aberrations |
US4236161A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-11-25 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Array feed for offset satellite antenna |
US4595929A (en) * | 1982-04-13 | 1986-06-17 | Communications Satellite Corporation | Scheme for aberration correction in scanning or multiple beam confocal antenna system |
US4755826A (en) * | 1983-01-10 | 1988-07-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Bicollimated offset Gregorian dual reflector antenna system |
US5576721A (en) * | 1993-03-31 | 1996-11-19 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Composite multi-beam and shaped beam antenna system |
US5621415A (en) * | 1994-11-15 | 1997-04-15 | Teledesic Corporation | Linear cell satellite system |
US5790077A (en) * | 1996-10-17 | 1998-08-04 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Antenna geometry for shaped dual reflector antenna |
-
1997
- 1997-06-26 FR FR9708011A patent/FR2765404B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1998
- 1998-06-25 AU AU83440/98A patent/AU8344098A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1998-06-25 US US09/424,901 patent/US6172649B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-25 WO PCT/FR1998/001345 patent/WO1999000870A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 1998-06-25 DE DE69803671T patent/DE69803671T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-25 EP EP98933717A patent/EP0992080B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-25 ES ES98933717T patent/ES2169919T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-06-25 CA CA002289007A patent/CA2289007C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2289007A1 (fr) | 1999-01-07 |
FR2765404B1 (fr) | 1999-09-24 |
EP0992080A1 (fr) | 2000-04-12 |
AU8344098A (en) | 1999-01-19 |
CA2289007C (fr) | 2005-08-23 |
DE69803671T2 (de) | 2002-09-12 |
US6172649B1 (en) | 2001-01-09 |
ES2169919T3 (es) | 2002-07-16 |
WO1999000870A1 (fr) | 1999-01-07 |
DE69803671D1 (de) | 2002-03-14 |
FR2765404A1 (fr) | 1998-12-31 |
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