EP0987669A1 - Method of authentication of works of art and apparatus for carrying out said method - Google Patents

Method of authentication of works of art and apparatus for carrying out said method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0987669A1
EP0987669A1 EP99402177A EP99402177A EP0987669A1 EP 0987669 A1 EP0987669 A1 EP 0987669A1 EP 99402177 A EP99402177 A EP 99402177A EP 99402177 A EP99402177 A EP 99402177A EP 0987669 A1 EP0987669 A1 EP 0987669A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
work
authenticating
support
optical assembly
module
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Granted
Application number
EP99402177A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0987669B1 (en
Inventor
Simon Ormerod
Gilles Leroux
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Entrust Corp
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Gilles Leroux SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0987669A1 publication Critical patent/EP0987669A1/en
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Publication of EP0987669B1 publication Critical patent/EP0987669B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
    • G09F3/00—Labels, tag tickets, or similar identification or indication means; Seals; Postage or like stamps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an authentication method valuables such as works of art and a specially designed device designed for the implementation of this process.
  • the object of the process according to the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a method which allows any person to recognize, authenticate or certify an object or work the origin.
  • the device specially designed for the implementation of this process allows you to extract a lot of information from the table or the object analyzed. This information can be used to identify the name of the author of the painting, when it is unknown, or to authenticate a painting when the information concerning him has already been previously recorded using this device. This process applies equally well to oil paintings only in watercolors or objects.
  • a first object of the invention is to extract a certain number table information to identify the table, and provide a means of storing this information which will then be fixed on the board.
  • the step of fixing the module to contactless chip on the work consists of inserting the chip module without contact in the frame surrounding the work and / or on the canvas.
  • the scanner consists of a camera linear high resolution color.
  • the lighting device can emit visible waves and invisible waves and in particular, X-rays.
  • the module includes a support for specific material comprising a first housing intended to receive the contactless chip, so that when the module is attached to the work, the chip is covered by the support.
  • the support comprises a second housing (22) intended to receive a wax seal authenticating the module.
  • the material constituting the support is a polymerizable resin, ensuring the connection of the chip with the board.
  • the data extracted from the work by scan consist of different classes of data
  • the classes can consist of a class containing a matrix defining the color of all the pixels forming the work, of a class containing information on the size of the work, of a class containing information on the speed of movement of the brush, the signature and the gesture of the artist.
  • a multiplicative factor is associated with each data class, the classes comprising information on the color and size of the work are assigned a multiplicative factor lower than the multiplicative factor associated with the other classes.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a device specially designed for the implementation of this process of authentication of works of art.
  • this device comprises a set optical, a table support tray, a means of moving the optical assembly in two perpendicular directions in a plane parallel to that of the work.
  • the angular position of the optical assembly is adjustable, the optical assembly comprising a device lighting and a scanner linked to an on-board computer.
  • the optical assembly is installed on a U-shaped or L-shaped beam, the beam and / or the work being animated by a relative movement so that the optical assembly scans the entire surface of the work, the movement being controlled by the on-board computer and powered by a motor.
  • the work is fixed on a tray of support, the support plate sliding in a first pair of runners, the first pair of runners sliding in a second pair slides so that, by relative displacement of the pairs of slides relative to each other, the optical assembly mounted fixed on the beam can sweep the entire surface of the work.
  • the optical assembly slides in a first beam slide parallel to the support plate, the sliding beam in at least a second slide of a base, of so that the optical assembly scans the entire surface of the work.
  • the scanner consists of a camera linear high resolution color.
  • the lighting device can emit visible and invisible waves and in particular X-rays.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide a chip module without contact which contains in its memory at least one of the information following concerning the color of the pixels forming the work, the size of the work, the speed of movement of the brush, the signature and the gestures of the artist, the contactless chip module being attached to the work.
  • the module includes a support comprising a first housing intended to receive the contactless chip, so that, when the module is fixed on the work, the chip is covered by the support, the material constituting the support being a polymerizable resin ensuring the connection of the chip with the board.
  • the method according to the invention consists in extracting information a table using an optical assembly, compress then store this information in a contactless chip module which will then be fixed on the back of the painting.
  • the optical assembly is composed of a lighting device (44, 144) and a scanner (45, 145) controlled by an on-board computer.
  • a way angle adjustment allows the user to modify in a very specifies the direction of the optical assembly.
  • the lighting device (44, 144) can emit waves into the visible and invisible.
  • the user can scan a table under different wavelengths and get information about, for example, the age of the paint, the type of ink or the composition of the paint used.
  • an X-ray can visualize a model covered with a second coat of paint although this model is imperceptible to the naked eye.
  • the scanner (45, 145) consists of a high linear camera resolution, for example, 5000 dots per inch, having three color bars.
  • the depth of field of this camera is automatically adjusted by the on-board computer.
  • An array can be scanned from different angles by making several passes. So, the different images obtained will be superimposed on the pixel-meadows, so as to get rid of the shadows and get a threefold image table dimensions.
  • Data processing software implemented in the on-board computer is responsible for processing the data obtained by the different stages of scanning.
  • these data are assigned to different data classes.
  • a data class can contain, for example, information on the speed of movement of the brush, the artist's signature or body language.
  • Each class is affected of a multiplying factor.
  • the authentication process according to the present invention allows not only to analyze the colors of the table but also the artist's body language. The colors of a painting fade away with time.
  • the data obtained by scanning the table are then compressed by a file compression program installed on the on-board computer, then stored in a contactless chip module (2) of sufficient capacity.
  • the contactless chip module (2) is then attached to the back of the work (1).
  • FIGs 1A and 1B show a contactless chip module (2) inserted on the frame (3) of the work (1) according to two different modes of production.
  • the module (2) comprises a support (202) comprising a first housing (221) intended to receive a contactless chip (201) and possibly a second housing (222) intended to receive, by example, a wax seal (203) certifying the authenticity of the module.
  • the material used for the realization of the support (201) of the module (2) is, by example, a polymerizable resin. The use of resin allows to fix the module (2) to the fabric (4) and / or to the frame (3) so that the chip (201) without contact, for example, is placed against the canvas (4).
  • the antenna (204) of the contactless chip (201) is either inserted or embedded in the support (202).
  • the antenna is either inserted into the frame of the fabric (fig. 1B), according to a first embodiment and in this case the antenna conductors (204) must be slid into the frame, or it can, according to a second embodiment, be glued to the back of the canvas (fig. 1A). So known, the transmission of information received or leaving the chip (201) contactless is performed either by a transmission device by electromagnetic induction, either by a radio transmission device frequencies or any other device requiring an antenna (204).
  • the invention also relates to a specially designed device for the implementation of the authentication process for works of art.
  • the table moves relative to the optical device which is fixed.
  • the device (9) is consisting of a parallelepiped base (10) on which two pairs of slides (21, 22, 23, 24) are arranged perpendicularly.
  • Each pair of rails is made up of two rails parallel to each other.
  • the two slides of the first pair of slides (21, 22) are each arranged along two parallel sides (11, 12) of the base (10).
  • the slides (23, 24) of the second pair of slides are mounted sliding in the first pair of slides (21, 22).
  • a tray of support (31) is slidably mounted in the second pair of slides (23, 24). By sliding in the second pair of slides (23, 24), the tray support moves in the transverse direction of the base (10).
  • the arrow (T), shown in Figure 2A, indicates the direction of movement of the plate support in the second slides (23, 24).
  • the support plate (31) moves in the longitudinal direction (L) of the base (10).
  • the support plate (31) can sweep the entire surface of the base (10).
  • a motor (not shown) simultaneously actuates the movement of the support plate (31) on the second pair of slides (23, 24) and the movement of the first pair of slides (21, 22) on the second pair of slides (23, 24).
  • An on-board computer (not shown) allows the movements of the support plate on the base (10).
  • the support plate (31) has four fasteners (32) which allow the table to be analyzed to be fixed.
  • An L-shaped bracket (40) overhangs the base (10). She is fixed to the center of one of the sides (14) perpendicular to the sides on which the first pair of slides (21, 22) is fixed.
  • the stem (40) is formed of two branches. One (42) of the two branches is parallel to the slides (23, 24) and has a length at least equal to half the length of the base (10).
  • An optical assembly, shown in FIG. 2B, formed of a scanner (45) and a lighting device (44) is arranged on the surface (43) of the branch (42) facing the base (10).
  • the scanner (45) is consisting of a high resolution color linear camera. The device can sweep a wavelength range from visible to the invisible.
  • the angular position of the optical assembly (44, 45) is adjustable.
  • the optical assembly (44, 45) is connected to the on-board computer in which data processing software delivered by the linear camera and a data compression program is implemented. In addition, the angular position of this optical assembly is adjustable.
  • the optical assembly is movable relative to the table which is fixed.
  • the table to be analyzed is fixed by fixing means (132) on the upper plate (131) of a parallelepiped base (130).
  • Two slides (121, 122) are fixed on two parallel sides (111, 112) of the base (130).
  • a beam in the shape of U (140) is slidably mounted in the slides (121, 122).
  • the surface (142) of the beam, facing the upper plate (131) of the base (130), comprises a slide (123) on which slides an assembly optics (144, 145).
  • the movement of the beam (140) in the slides (121, 122) and the movement of the optical assembly (144) are controlled by an on-board computer and powered by a motor.
  • the position angle of the optical assembly (144, 145) is adjustable with a large precision.

Abstract

The scanning apparatus has a parallelepiped-shaped base (10) with sliders (21-24) for moving a painting laterally on a support plate (31) in the X and Y directions. A vertical arm (40) stands at one end of the base and has a horizontal extension (42) extending over the horizontal upper surface of the base, holding a lamp (44) and a scanner (45) facing downward. The scanner may be a linear high resolution color camera.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé d'authentification d'objets de valeur tels que des oeuvres d'art et un dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé.The present invention relates to an authentication method valuables such as works of art and a specially designed device designed for the implementation of this process.

Dans l'art antérieur, il n'est pas connu de procédés permettant de certifier l'origine d'un tableau ou d'un objet d'art. Seuls les experts en art, connaissant suffisamment l'artiste et son oeuvre peuvent, par exemple, reconnaítre le tableau d'un maítre. La date d'un tableau peut être déterminée par des méthodes d'analyse des pigments utilisés pour former les couleurs du tableau. Mais ces méthodes d'analyse sont longues et très coûteuses.In the prior art, there are no known methods for certify the origin of a painting or a work of art. Only art experts, having sufficient knowledge of the artist and his work can, for example, recognize the picture of a master. The date of a painting can be determined by methods of analyzing pigments used to form the colors of the painting. But these methods of analysis are long and very expensive.

Le procédé selon l'invention a pour objet de pallier les inconvénients de l'art antérieur en proposant un procédé qui permet à toute personne de reconnaítre ou d'authentifier un objet ou une oeuvre ou encore d'en certifier l'origine. Le dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé permet d'extraire de nombreuses informations du tableau ou de l'objet analysé. Ces informations peuvent servir à identifier le nom de l'auteur du tableau, lorsque celui-ci est inconnu, ou à authentifier un tableau lorsque les informations le concernant ont déjà été préalablement enregistrées à l'aide de ce dispositif. Ce procédé s'applique aussi bien aux peintures à l'huile qu'aux aquarelles ou aux objets.The object of the process according to the invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a method which allows any person to recognize, authenticate or certify an object or work the origin. The device specially designed for the implementation of this process allows you to extract a lot of information from the table or the object analyzed. This information can be used to identify the name of the author of the painting, when it is unknown, or to authenticate a painting when the information concerning him has already been previously recorded using this device. This process applies equally well to oil paintings only in watercolors or objects.

Un premier but de l'invention est d'extraire un certain nombre d'informations du tableau permettant l'identification du tableau, et de fournir un moyen de stockage de ces informations qui sera ensuite fixé sur le tableau. A first object of the invention is to extract a certain number table information to identify the table, and provide a means of storing this information which will then be fixed on the board.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que le procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres comprend un dispositif d'éclairage et un scanner reliés à un ordinateur de bord comportant un logiciel de traitement des données, le procédé comportant:

  • au moins une étape de scannérisation de l'oeuvre,
  • une étape de traitement des données obtenues par la scannérisation de l'oeuvre,
  • une étape de compression desdites données,
  • une étape de stockage desdites données dans la mémoire d'un module à puce semi-conductrice sans contact,
  • une étape de fixation du module à puce sans contact sur l'oeuvre.
This object is achieved by the fact that the method of authenticating works comprises a lighting device and a scanner connected to an on-board computer comprising a data processing software, the method comprising:
  • at least one step of scanning the work,
  • a step of processing the data obtained by scanning the work,
  • a step of compressing said data,
  • a step of storing said data in the memory of a contactless semiconductor chip module,
  • a step of fixing the contactless chip module to the work.

Selon une particularité de l'invention, l'étape de fixation du module à puce sans contact sur l'oeuvre consiste en l'insertion du module à puce sans contact dans le cadre entourant l'oeuvre et/ou sur la toile.According to a feature of the invention, the step of fixing the module to contactless chip on the work consists of inserting the chip module without contact in the frame surrounding the work and / or on the canvas.

Selon une autre particularité, le scanner est constitué d'une caméra linéaire couleur haute résolution.In another feature, the scanner consists of a camera linear high resolution color.

Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif d'éclairage peut émettre des ondes visibles et des ondes invisibles et en particulier, des rayonnements X.According to another particular feature, the lighting device can emit visible waves and invisible waves and in particular, X-rays.

Selon une autre particularité, le module comprend un support de matériau déterminé comportant un premier logement destiné à recevoir la puce sans contact, de sorte que lorsque le module est fixé sur l'oeuvre, la puce est recouverte par le support.According to another particular feature, the module includes a support for specific material comprising a first housing intended to receive the contactless chip, so that when the module is attached to the work, the chip is covered by the support.

Selon une autre particularité, le support comprend un deuxième logement (22) destiné à recevoir un cachet de cire authentifiant le module.According to another particularity, the support comprises a second housing (22) intended to receive a wax seal authenticating the module.

Selon une autre particularité le matériau constituant le support est une résine polymérisable, assurant la liaison de la puce avec le tableau.According to another particular feature, the material constituting the support is a polymerizable resin, ensuring the connection of the chip with the board.

Selon une autre particularité, les données extraites de l'oeuvre par scannérisation, se composent de différentes classes de données, les classes pouvant se composer d'une classe contenant une matrice définissant la couleur de tous les pixels formant l'oeuvre, d'une classe contenant des informations sur la taille de l'oeuvre, d'une classe contenant des informations sur la vitesse de déplacement du pinceau, la signature et la gestuelle de l'artiste.According to another particularity, the data extracted from the work by scan, consist of different classes of data, the classes can consist of a class containing a matrix defining the color of all the pixels forming the work, of a class containing information on the size of the work, of a class containing information on the speed of movement of the brush, the signature and the gesture of the artist.

Selon une autre particularité, un facteur multiplicatif est associé à chaque classe de données, les classes comprenant des informations sur la couleur et la taille de l'oeuvre sont affectées d'un facteur multiplicatif inférieur au facteur multiplicatif associé aux autres classes.According to another particularity, a multiplicative factor is associated with each data class, the classes comprising information on the color and size of the work are assigned a multiplicative factor lower than the multiplicative factor associated with the other classes.

Un autre but de l'invention est de fournir un dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres d'art.Another object of the invention is to provide a device specially designed for the implementation of this process of authentication of works of art.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que ce dispositif comporte un ensemble optique, un plateau support de tableau, un moyen de déplacement de l'ensemble optique selon deux directions perpendiculaires dans un plan parallèle à celui de l'oeuvre.This object is achieved by the fact that this device comprises a set optical, a table support tray, a means of moving the optical assembly in two perpendicular directions in a plane parallel to that of the work.

Selon une particularité de l'invention, la position angulaire de l'ensemble optique est réglable, l'ensemble optique comportant un dispositif d'éclairage et un scanner reliés à un ordinateur de bord.According to a feature of the invention, the angular position of the optical assembly is adjustable, the optical assembly comprising a device lighting and a scanner linked to an on-board computer.

Selon une autre particularité, l'ensemble optique est installé sur une poutre en forme de U ou de L, la poutre et/ou l'oeuvre étant animées d'un mouvement relatif de façon à ce que l'ensemble optique balaie toute la surface de l'oeuvre, le mouvement étant commandé par l'ordinateur de bord et actionné par un moteur.In another feature, the optical assembly is installed on a U-shaped or L-shaped beam, the beam and / or the work being animated by a relative movement so that the optical assembly scans the entire surface of the work, the movement being controlled by the on-board computer and powered by a motor.

Selon une autre particularité, l'oeuvre est fixée sur un plateau de support, le plateau de support coulissant dans une première paire de glissières, la première paire de glissières coulissant dans une seconde paire de glissières de manière à ce que, par déplacement relatif des paires de glissières les unes par rapport aux autres, l'ensemble optique monté fixe sur la poutre puisse balayer toute la surface de l'oeuvre.According to another particularity, the work is fixed on a tray of support, the support plate sliding in a first pair of runners, the first pair of runners sliding in a second pair slides so that, by relative displacement of the pairs of slides relative to each other, the optical assembly mounted fixed on the beam can sweep the entire surface of the work.

Selon une autre particularité, l'ensemble optique coulisse dans une première glissière de la poutre parallèlement au plateau de support, la poutre coulissant dans au moins une seconde glissière d'une embase, de manière à ce que l'ensemble optique balaie toute la surface de l'oeuvre.According to another particularity, the optical assembly slides in a first beam slide parallel to the support plate, the sliding beam in at least a second slide of a base, of so that the optical assembly scans the entire surface of the work.

Selon une autre particularité, le scanner est constitué d'une caméra linéaire couleur haute résolution.In another feature, the scanner consists of a camera linear high resolution color.

Selon une autre particularité, le dispositif d'éclairage peut émettre des ondes visibles et invisibles et en particulier des rayonnements X.According to another particular feature, the lighting device can emit visible and invisible waves and in particular X-rays.

Un troisième but de l'invention est de fournir un module à puce sans contact qui contient dans sa mémoire au moins l'une des informations suivantes concernant la couleur des pixels formant l'oeuvre, la taille de l'oeuvre, la vitesse de déplacement du pinceau, la signature et la gestuelle de l'artiste, le module à puce sans contact étant fixé à l'oeuvre.A third object of the invention is to provide a chip module without contact which contains in its memory at least one of the information following concerning the color of the pixels forming the work, the size of the work, the speed of movement of the brush, the signature and the gestures of the artist, the contactless chip module being attached to the work.

Ce but est atteint par le fait que le module comprend un support comportant un premier logement destiné à recevoir la puce sans contact, de sorte que, lorsque le module est fixé sur l'oeuvre, la puce soit recouverte par le support, le matériau constituant le support étant une résine polymérisable assurant la liaison de la puce avec le tableau.This goal is achieved by the fact that the module includes a support comprising a first housing intended to receive the contactless chip, so that, when the module is fixed on the work, the chip is covered by the support, the material constituting the support being a polymerizable resin ensuring the connection of the chip with the board.

D'autres particularités et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description ci-après faite en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1A représente un module à puce sans contact inséré dans le cadre d'un tableau selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 1B représente un module à puce sans contact inséré dans le cadre d'un tableau selon un deuxième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 2A représente une vue schématique en perspective d'un dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en place du processus selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2B représente une vue de dessous de l'ensemble optique du dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en place du processus selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 représente une vue schématique en perspective d'un dispositif, selon une autre variante, spécialement conçu pour la mise en place du processus selon l'invention.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the description below made with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1A represents a contactless chip module inserted in the frame of a switchboard according to a first embodiment,
  • FIG. 1B represents a contactless chip module inserted in the frame of a switchboard according to a second embodiment,
  • FIG. 2A represents a schematic perspective view of a device specially designed for implementing the process according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2B represents a bottom view of the optical assembly of the device specially designed for the implementation of the process according to the invention,
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic perspective view of a device, according to another variant, specially designed for the implementation of the process according to the invention.

Le procédé selon l'invention consiste à extraire des informations d'un tableau à l'aide d'un ensemble optique, de comprimer puis de stocker ces informations dans un module à puce sans contact qui sera ensuite fixé au dos du tableau.The method according to the invention consists in extracting information a table using an optical assembly, compress then store this information in a contactless chip module which will then be fixed on the back of the painting.

L'ensemble optique est composé d'un dispositif d'éclairage (44, 144) et d'un scanner (45, 145) commandé par un ordinateur de bord. Un moyen de réglage angulaire permet à l'utilisateur de modifier de manière très précise la direction de l'ensemble optique.The optical assembly is composed of a lighting device (44, 144) and a scanner (45, 145) controlled by an on-board computer. A way angle adjustment allows the user to modify in a very specifies the direction of the optical assembly.

Le dispositif d'éclairage (44, 144) peut émettre des ondes dans le visible et dans l'invisible. L'utilisateur peut scannériser un tableau sous différentes longueurs d'ondes et obtenir, ainsi, des informations concernant, par exemple, l'âge de la peinture, le type d'encre ou la composition de la peinture utilisée. En outre, un rayonnement X permet de visualiser un modèle recouvert par une seconde couche de peinture bien que ce modèle soit imperceptible à l'oeil nu.The lighting device (44, 144) can emit waves into the visible and invisible. The user can scan a table under different wavelengths and get information about, for example, the age of the paint, the type of ink or the composition of the paint used. In addition, an X-ray can visualize a model covered with a second coat of paint although this model is imperceptible to the naked eye.

Le scanner (45, 145) se compose d'une caméra linéaire haute résolution, par exemple, de 5000 points par pouce, comportant trois barrettes couleur. La profondeur de champ de cette caméra est automatiquement réglée par l'ordinateur de bord. Un tableau peut être scannérisé sous différents angles en effectuant plusieurs passages. Ainsi, les différentes images obtenues seront superposées au pixel-prés, de manière à se débarrasser des ombres et à obtenir une image en trois dimensions du tableau. Un logiciel de traitement des données implémenté dans l'ordinateur de bord se charge du traitement des données obtenues par les différentes étapes de scannérisation.The scanner (45, 145) consists of a high linear camera resolution, for example, 5000 dots per inch, having three color bars. The depth of field of this camera is automatically adjusted by the on-board computer. An array can be scanned from different angles by making several passes. So, the different images obtained will be superimposed on the pixel-meadows, so as to get rid of the shadows and get a threefold image table dimensions. Data processing software implemented in the on-board computer is responsible for processing the data obtained by the different stages of scanning.

Selon un mode particulier de l'invention, ces données sont attribuées à différentes classes de données. Une classe de données peut contenir , par exemple, des informations sur la vitesse de déplacement du pinceau, la signature ou la gestuelle de l'artiste. Chaque classe est affectée d'un facteur multiplicatif. En effet, le procédé d'authentification selon la présente invention permet non seulement d'analyser les couleurs du tableau mais aussi la gestuelle de l'artiste. Or, les couleurs d'un tableau palissent avec le temps. De plus, il est plus facile pour un faussaire de reproduire une couleur que de reproduire la gestuelle du peintre. C'est pourquoi, de manière avantageuse, les classes contenant des informations sur les couleurs et la taille de l'image sont affectées d'un facteur multiplicatif inférieur aux autres classes.According to a particular embodiment of the invention, these data are assigned to different data classes. A data class can contain, for example, information on the speed of movement of the brush, the artist's signature or body language. Each class is affected of a multiplying factor. Indeed, the authentication process according to the present invention allows not only to analyze the colors of the table but also the artist's body language. The colors of a painting fade away with time. In addition, it is easier for a counterfeiter to reproduce a color than reproducing the painter's body language. This is why, from advantageously, the classes containing information on the colors and image size are multiplied lower than other classes.

Les données obtenues par scannérisation du tableau sont ensuite compressées par un programme de compression de fichier installé sur l'ordinateur de bord, puis stockées dans un module à puce sans contact (2) de capacité suffisante. Le module à puce sans contact (2) est ensuite fixé au dos de l'oeuvre (1).The data obtained by scanning the table are then compressed by a file compression program installed on the on-board computer, then stored in a contactless chip module (2) of sufficient capacity. The contactless chip module (2) is then attached to the back of the work (1).

Les figures 1A et 1B représentent un module à puce sans contact (2) inséré sur le cadre (3) de l'oeuvre (1) selon deux modes différents de réalisation. Le module (2) comprend un support (202) comprenant un premier logement (221) destiné à recevoir une puce (201) sans contact et éventuellement un deuxième logement (222) destiné à recevoir, par exemple, un cachet de cire (203) certifiant l'authenticité du module. Le matériau utilisé pour la réalisation du support (201) du module (2) est, par exemple, une résine polymérisable. L'utilisation de la résine permet de fixer le module (2) à la toile (4) et/ou au cadre (3) de sorte que la puce (201) sans contact, par exemple, soit posée contre la toile (4). L'antenne (204) de la puce (201) sans contact est soit insérée, soit noyée dans le support (202). L'antenne est soit insérée dans la trame de la toile (fig. 1B), selon un premier mode de réalisation et dans ce cas les conducteurs de l'antenne (204) doivent être glissés dans la trame, soit elle peut, selon un deuxième mode de réalisation, être collée sur le dos de la toile (fig. 1A). De manière connue, la transmission des informations reçues ou sortant de la puce (201) sans contact est effectuée, soit par un dispositif de transmission par induction électromagnétique, soit par un dispositif de transmission par radio fréquences ou tout autre dispositif nécessitant une antenne (204).Figures 1A and 1B show a contactless chip module (2) inserted on the frame (3) of the work (1) according to two different modes of production. The module (2) comprises a support (202) comprising a first housing (221) intended to receive a contactless chip (201) and possibly a second housing (222) intended to receive, by example, a wax seal (203) certifying the authenticity of the module. The material used for the realization of the support (201) of the module (2) is, by example, a polymerizable resin. The use of resin allows to fix the module (2) to the fabric (4) and / or to the frame (3) so that the chip (201) without contact, for example, is placed against the canvas (4). The antenna (204) of the contactless chip (201) is either inserted or embedded in the support (202). The antenna is either inserted into the frame of the fabric (fig. 1B), according to a first embodiment and in this case the antenna conductors (204) must be slid into the frame, or it can, according to a second embodiment, be glued to the back of the canvas (fig. 1A). So known, the transmission of information received or leaving the chip (201) contactless is performed either by a transmission device by electromagnetic induction, either by a radio transmission device frequencies or any other device requiring an antenna (204).

L'invention concerne également un dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification des oeuvres d'art.The invention also relates to a specially designed device for the implementation of the authentication process for works of art.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation du dispositif représenté sur la figure 2A, le tableau se déplace par rapport au dispositif optique qui est fixe.According to a first embodiment of the device shown in the 2A, the table moves relative to the optical device which is fixed.

Dans ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, le dispositif (9) est constitué d'une embase (10) parallélépipédique sur laquelle deux paires de glissières (21, 22, 23, 24) sont disposées perpendiculairement. Chaque paire de glissières est composée de deux glissières parallèles entre elles. Les deux glissières de la première paire de glissières (21, 22) sont disposées chacune le long de deux côtés parallèles (11, 12) de l'embase (10). Les glissières (23, 24) de la deuxième paire de glissières sont montées coulissantes dans la première paire de glissières (21, 22). Un plateau de support (31) est monté coulissant dans la seconde paire de glissières (23, 24). En coulissant dans la seconde paire de glissières (23, 24), le plateau de support se déplace dans le sens transversal de l'embase (10). La flèche (T), représentée sur la figure 2A, indique le sens de déplacement du plateau de support dans les secondes glissières (23, 24). De plus, lorsque le second jeu de glissières (23, 24) coulisse dans le premier jeu de glissières (21, 22), le plateau de support (31) se déplace dans le sens longitudinal (L) de l'embase (10). Ainsi, le plateau de support (31) peut balayer toute la surface de l'embase (10). Un moteur (non représenté) actionne simultanément le mouvement du plateau de support (31) sur la seconde paire de glissières (23, 24) et le mouvement de la première paire de glissières (21, 22) sur la seconde paire de glissières (23, 24). Un ordinateur de bord (non représenté) permet de commander avec une grande précision les déplacements du plateau de support sur l'embase (10). De plus, le plateau de support (31) comporte quatre attaches (32) qui permettent de fixer le tableau à analyser.In this embodiment of the invention, the device (9) is consisting of a parallelepiped base (10) on which two pairs of slides (21, 22, 23, 24) are arranged perpendicularly. Each pair of rails is made up of two rails parallel to each other. The two slides of the first pair of slides (21, 22) are each arranged along two parallel sides (11, 12) of the base (10). The slides (23, 24) of the second pair of slides are mounted sliding in the first pair of slides (21, 22). A tray of support (31) is slidably mounted in the second pair of slides (23, 24). By sliding in the second pair of slides (23, 24), the tray support moves in the transverse direction of the base (10). The arrow (T), shown in Figure 2A, indicates the direction of movement of the plate support in the second slides (23, 24). In addition, when the second set of slides (23, 24) slides in the first set of slides (21, 22), the support plate (31) moves in the longitudinal direction (L) of the base (10). Thus, the support plate (31) can sweep the entire surface of the base (10). A motor (not shown) simultaneously actuates the movement of the support plate (31) on the second pair of slides (23, 24) and the movement of the first pair of slides (21, 22) on the second pair of slides (23, 24). An on-board computer (not shown) allows the movements of the support plate on the base (10). In addition, the support plate (31) has four fasteners (32) which allow the table to be analyzed to be fixed.

Une potence (40) en forme de L surplombe l'embase (10). Elle est fixée au centre d'un des côtés (14) perpendiculaires aux côtés sur lesquels la première paire de glissière (21, 22) est fixée. La potence (40) est formée de deux branches. Une (42) des deux branches est parallèle aux glissières (23, 24) et a une longueur au minimum égale à la moitié de la longueur de l'embase (10). Un ensemble optique, représenté figure 2B, formé d'un scanner (45) et d'un dispositif d'éclairage (44) est disposé sur la surface (43) de la branche (42) faisant face à l'embase (10). Le scanner (45) est constitué d'une caméra linéaire couleur haute résolution. Le dispositif d'éclairage peut balayer une plage de longueur d'ondes allant du visible à l'invisible. La position angulaire de l'ensemble optique (44, 45) est réglable. En outre, l'ensemble optique (44, 45) est relié à l'ordinateur de bord dans lequel un logiciel de traitement des données délivré par la caméra linéaire et un programme de compression des données sont implémentés. De plus, la position angulaire de cet ensemble optique est réglable.An L-shaped bracket (40) overhangs the base (10). She is fixed to the center of one of the sides (14) perpendicular to the sides on which the first pair of slides (21, 22) is fixed. The stem (40) is formed of two branches. One (42) of the two branches is parallel to the slides (23, 24) and has a length at least equal to half the length of the base (10). An optical assembly, shown in FIG. 2B, formed of a scanner (45) and a lighting device (44) is arranged on the surface (43) of the branch (42) facing the base (10). The scanner (45) is consisting of a high resolution color linear camera. The device can sweep a wavelength range from visible to the invisible. The angular position of the optical assembly (44, 45) is adjustable. In addition, the optical assembly (44, 45) is connected to the on-board computer in which data processing software delivered by the linear camera and a data compression program is implemented. In addition, the angular position of this optical assembly is adjustable.

Selon un second mode de réalisation de l'invention, représenté sur la figure 3, l'ensemble optique est mobile par rapport au tableau qui est fixe.According to a second embodiment of the invention, shown in Figure 3, the optical assembly is movable relative to the table which is fixed.

Dans ce mode de réalisation de l'invention, le tableau à analyser est fixé par des moyens de fixation (132) sur le plateau supérieur (131) d'une embase parallélépipédique (130). Deux glissières (121, 122) sont fixées sur deux côtés parallèles (111, 112) de l'embase (130). Une poutre en forme de U (140) est montée coulissante dans les glissières (121, 122). La surface (142) de la poutre, faisant face au plateau supérieur (131) de l'embase (130), comporte une glissière (123) sur laquelle coulisse un ensemble optique (144, 145). Le mouvement de la poutre (140) dans les glissières (121, 122) et le mouvement de l'ensemble optique (144) sont commandés par un ordinateur de bord et actionnés par un moteur. De plus, la position angulaire de l'ensemble optique (144, 145) est réglable avec une grande précision.In this embodiment of the invention, the table to be analyzed is fixed by fixing means (132) on the upper plate (131) of a parallelepiped base (130). Two slides (121, 122) are fixed on two parallel sides (111, 112) of the base (130). A beam in the shape of U (140) is slidably mounted in the slides (121, 122). The surface (142) of the beam, facing the upper plate (131) of the base (130), comprises a slide (123) on which slides an assembly optics (144, 145). The movement of the beam (140) in the slides (121, 122) and the movement of the optical assembly (144) are controlled by an on-board computer and powered by a motor. In addition, the position angle of the optical assembly (144, 145) is adjustable with a large precision.

D'autres modifications à la portée de l'homme de métier font également partie de l'esprit de l'invention.Other modifications within the reach of those skilled in the art make also part of the spirit of the invention.

Claims (18)

Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend: au moins une étape de scannérisation de l'oeuvre (1), une étape de traitement des données obtenues par la scannérisation de l'oeuvre (1), une étape de compression des données, une étape de stockage des données dans la mémoire d'un module à puce semi-conductrice sans contact (2), une étape de fixation du module à puce sans contact (2) sur l'oeuvre (1). Method of authenticating works, characterized in that it comprises: at least one step of scanning the work (1), a step of processing the data obtained by scanning the work (1), a data compression step, a step of storing data in the memory of a contactless semiconductor chip module (2), a step of fixing the contactless chip module (2) on the work (1). Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'étape de fixation du module à puce sans contact (2) sur l'oeuvre (1) consiste en l'insertion du module à puce sans contact (2) dans le cadre (3) entourant l'oeuvre (1).Method of authenticating works according to claim 1, characterized in that the step of fixing the contactless chip module (2) on the work (1) consists of the insertion of the contactless chip module (2) in the frame (3) surrounding the work (1). Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'éclairage (44, 144) peut émettre des ondes visibles et des ondes invisibles.Method of authenticating works according to claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the lighting device (44, 144) can emit visible waves and invisible waves. Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'éclairage (44, 144) peut émettre des rayonnements X.Method of authenticating works according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the lighting device (44, 144) can emit X-rays. Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le module (2) comprend un support (202) de matériau déterminé comportant un premier logement (221) destiné à recevoir la puce (201) sans contact, de sorte que, lorsque le module (2) est fixé sur l'oeuvre, la puce (201) est recouverte par le support (202).Method of authenticating works according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the module (2) comprises a support (202) for specific material comprising a first housing (221) intended to receive the contactless chip (201), so that when the module (2) is fixed on the work, the chip (201) is covered by the support (202). Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le support (202) comprend un deuxième logement (222) destiné à recevoir un cachet de cire (203) authentifiant le module (2). Method of authenticating works according to claim 5, characterized in that the support (202) comprises a second housing (222) intended to receive a wax seal (203) authenticating the module (2). Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les données extraites de l'oeuvre (1) par scannérisation se composent de différentes classes de données, les classes pouvant se composer d'une classe contenant une matrice définissant la couleur de tous les pixels formant l'oeuvre, d'une classe contenant des informations sur la taille de l'oeuvre, d'une classe contenant des informations sur la vitesse de déplacement du pinceau, la signature et la gestuelle de l'artiste.Method of authenticating works according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the data extracted from the work (1) by scan consist of different data classes, the classes can consist of a class containing a matrix defining the color of all the pixels forming the work, of a class containing information on the size of the work, of a class containing information on brush movement speed, signature and gesture of the artist. Procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un facteur multiplicatif est associé à chaque classe de données, les classes comprenant des informations sur la couleur et la taille de l'oeuvre étant affectées d'un facteur multiplicatif inférieur au facteur multiplicatif associé aux autres classes.Method of authenticating works according to claim 7, characterized in that a multiplicative factor is associated with each class of data, classes including color and size information of the work being assigned a multiplicative factor less than the factor multiplicative associated with the other classes. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un ensemble optique (44, 45, 144, 145), un plateau support de tableau (31), un moyen de déplacement de l'ensemble optique selon deux directions perpendiculaires dans un plan parallèle à celui de l'oeuvre.Device specially designed for carrying out the process authentication of works, characterized in that it comprises a set optics (44, 45, 144, 145), a table support plate (31), a means of displacement of the optical assembly in two perpendicular directions in a plane parallel to that of the work. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la position angulaire de l'ensemble optique (44, 144, 45, 145) est réglable, l'ensemble optique comportant un dispositif d'éclairage (44, 144) et un scanner (45, 145) reliés à un ordinateur de bord.Device specially designed for implementing the work authentication method according to claim 9, characterized in what the angular position of the optical assembly (44, 144, 45, 145) is adjustable, the optical assembly comprising a lighting device (44, 144) and a scanner (45, 145) connected to an on-board computer. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 9 à 10, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble optique (44, 144, 45, 145) est installé sur une poutre (40, 140) en forme de U ou de L, la poutre (40, 140) et/ou l'oeuvre étant animées d'un mouvement relatif, de façon à ce que l'ensemble optique (44, 144, 45, 145) balaie toute la surface de l'oeuvre, le mouvement étant commandé par l'ordinateur de bord et actionné par un moteur. Device specially designed for implementing the method of authenticating works according to claims 9 to 10, characterized in that the optical assembly (44, 144, 45, 145) is installed on a beam (40, 140) U-shaped or L-shaped, the beam (40, 140) and / or the work being animated by a relative movement, so that the whole optics (44, 144, 45, 145) sweeps the entire surface of the work, the movement being controlled by the on-board computer and powered by a motor. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'oeuvre est fixée sur un plateau de support (31), le plateau de support (31) coulissant dans une première paire de glissières (23, 24), la première paire de glissières (23, 24) coulissant dans une seconde paire de glissières (21, 22) de manière à ce que, par déplacement relatif des paires de glissières les unes par rapport aux autres, l'ensemble optique (44, 45) monté fixe sur la poutre (40) puisse balayer toute la surface de l'oeuvre.Device specially designed for implementing the work authentication method according to claim 11, characterized in that the work is fixed on a support plate (31), the plate support (31) sliding in a first pair of slides (23, 24), the first pair of slides (23, 24) sliding in a second pair of slides (21, 22) so that, by relative displacement of the pairs of slides relative to each other, the optical assembly (44, 45) fixed mounted on the beam (40) can sweep the entire surface of the work. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble optique (144, 145) coulisse dans une première glissière (123) de la poutre (140) parallèlement au plateau de support (131), la poutre (140) coulissant dans au moins une seconde glissière (112, 121) d'une embase (130), de manière à ce que l'ensemble optique (144, 145) balaie toute la surface de l'oeuvre.Device specially designed for implementing the work authentication method according to claim 11, characterized in that the optical assembly (144, 145) slides in a first slide (123) of the beam (140) parallel to the support plate (131), the beam (140) sliding in at least a second slide (112, 121) a base (130), so that the optical assembly (144, 145) sweeps the entire surface of the work. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce que le scanner (45, 145) est formé d'une caméra linéaire couleur haute résolution.Device specially designed for implementing the method of authenticating works according to claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the scanner (45, 145) is formed by a linear camera high resolution color. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'éclairage (44, 144) peut émettre des ondes visibles et des ondes invisibles.Device specially designed for implementing the method of authenticating works according to claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the lighting device (44, 144) can emit visible waves and invisible waves. Dispositif spécialement conçu pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé d'authentification d'oeuvres selon les revendications 10 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'éclairage (44, 144) peut émettre des rayonnements X.Device specially designed for implementing the method of authenticating works according to claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the lighting device (44, 144) can emit X-rays. Module à puce sans contact selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce 2qu'il contient dans sa mémoire au moins l'une des informations suivante concernant la couleur des pixels formant l'oeuvre, la taille de l'oeuvre, la vitesse de déplacement du pinceau, la signature et la gestuelle de l'artiste, le module à puce sans contact (2) étant fixé à l'oeuvre (1).Contactless chip module according to claim 1, characterized in 2 that contains in its memory at least one of the following information regarding the color of the pixels forming the work, the size of the work, the speed of travel with the brush, the artist's signature and gestures, the contactless chip module (2) being attached to the work (1). Module à puce sans contact selon la revendication 1 ou 17, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un support (202) comportant un premier logement (221) destiné à recevoir la puce (201) sans contact, de sorte que, lorsque le module (2) est fixé sur l'oeuvre, la puce (201) soit recouverte par le support (202), le matériau constituant le support étant une résine polymérisable assurant la liaison de la puce (201) avec le tableau.Contactless chip module according to claim 1 or 17, characterized in that it comprises a support (202) comprising a first housing (221) intended to receive the chip (201) without contact, so that, when the module (2) is fixed on the work, the chip (201) is covered by the support (202), the material constituting the support being a resin polymerizable ensuring the connection of the chip (201) with the board.
EP99402177A 1998-09-15 1999-09-03 Method of authentication of works of art and apparatus for carrying out said method Expired - Lifetime EP0987669B1 (en)

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FR9811478A FR2783333B1 (en) 1998-09-15 1998-09-15 METHOD FOR AUTHENTICATING WORKS AND DEVICE SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS PROCESS

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6892946B2 (en) * 2000-06-07 2005-05-17 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Device for verifying documents
FR2811122A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-01-04 Bernard Sala Electronic tagging of blank canvas with unique identity to allow artists to safeguard against illicit copying of their work, uses transponder chip invisibly incorporated into canvas and carrying unique identification data
FR2823851A1 (en) * 2001-04-19 2002-10-25 Jean Albert Despres Prevention of fraud and proving the veracity of works of art, especially paintings on canvas by radiographing an area of the canvas and retaining the radiograph as a reference for future disputes
CN108956652A (en) * 2018-04-04 2018-12-07 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司曲靖局 A kind of electronic strain clamp and splicing sleeve crimp quality prospecting apparatus
CN108956652B (en) * 2018-04-04 2023-12-12 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司曲靖局 Electric strain clamp and splicing sleeve crimping quality exploration device

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DE69923043D1 (en) 2005-02-10
FR2783333B1 (en) 2001-11-23
JP2000111494A (en) 2000-04-21
EP0987669B1 (en) 2005-01-05
FR2783333A1 (en) 2000-03-17
ATE286611T1 (en) 2005-01-15

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