EP0986046A1 - Dispositif et méthode pour l'enregistrement et la synthèse de sons et système de distribution d'enregistrements pour la reproduction à distance - Google Patents

Dispositif et méthode pour l'enregistrement et la synthèse de sons et système de distribution d'enregistrements pour la reproduction à distance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0986046A1
EP0986046A1 EP99306932A EP99306932A EP0986046A1 EP 0986046 A1 EP0986046 A1 EP 0986046A1 EP 99306932 A EP99306932 A EP 99306932A EP 99306932 A EP99306932 A EP 99306932A EP 0986046 A1 EP0986046 A1 EP 0986046A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
recordings
recited
sound
recording
fundamental frequencies
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99306932A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Steven D. Curtin
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia of America Corp
Original Assignee
Lucent Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lucent Technologies Inc filed Critical Lucent Technologies Inc
Publication of EP0986046A1 publication Critical patent/EP0986046A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/0033—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/0041—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments in coded form
    • G10H1/0058—Transmission between separate instruments or between individual components of a musical system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/125—Extracting or recognising the pitch or fundamental frequency of the picked up signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2240/00—Data organisation or data communication aspects, specifically adapted for electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2240/171—Transmission of musical instrument data, control or status information; Transmission, remote access or control of music data for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H2240/201—Physical layer or hardware aspects of transmission to or from an electrophonic musical instrument, e.g. voltage levels, bit streams, code words or symbols over a physical link connecting network nodes or instruments
    • G10H2240/211—Wireless transmission, e.g. of music parameters or control data by radio, infrared or ultrasound
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
    • G10H2250/131—Mathematical functions for musical analysis, processing, synthesis or composition
    • G10H2250/215—Transforms, i.e. mathematical transforms into domains appropriate for musical signal processing, coding or compression
    • G10H2250/235—Fourier transform; Discrete Fourier Transform [DFT]; Fast Fourier Transform [FFT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
    • G10H2250/131—Mathematical functions for musical analysis, processing, synthesis or composition
    • G10H2250/215—Transforms, i.e. mathematical transforms into domains appropriate for musical signal processing, coding or compression
    • G10H2250/251—Wavelet transform, i.e. transform with both frequency and temporal resolution, e.g. for compression of percussion sounds; Discrete Wavelet Transform [DWT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
    • G10H2250/471—General musical sound synthesis principles, i.e. sound category-independent synthesis methods
    • G10H2250/481—Formant synthesis, i.e. simulating the human speech production mechanism by exciting formant resonators, e.g. mimicking vocal tract filtering as in LPC synthesis vocoders, wherein musical instruments may be used as excitation signal to the time-varying filter estimated from a singer's speech
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2250/00—Aspects of algorithms or signal processing methods without intrinsic musical character, yet specifically adapted for or used in electrophonic musical processing
    • G10H2250/541—Details of musical waveform synthesis, i.e. audio waveshape processing from individual wavetable samples, independently of their origin or of the sound they represent
    • G10H2250/571—Waveform compression, adapted for music synthesisers, sound banks or wavetables
    • G10H2250/581—Codebook-based waveform compression

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed, in general, to sound recording and reproduction and, more specifically, to a resolution-independent system and method for making a reducing of a sound and later employing the record to synthesize the sound.
  • the sound waveforms produced may be characterized by many parameters, including frequency and amplitude.
  • sound waveforms may be represented in a frequency domain as a spectral frame, consisting of spectral components.
  • the spectral frame contains the waveform's lowest, or fundamental, frequency, along with its harmonics (spectral components which occur at multiples of the fundamental frequency).
  • Spectral components from string instruments and from vowels in speech typically occur at close to whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency, while spectral components from percussion instruments often occur at non-integral multiples of the fundamental frequency.
  • one system includes: (1) a frame generator that extracts fundamental frequencies and spectral envelopes from the sound and creates frames therefrom and (2) a frame analyzer that identifies a selected one of common spectra structures and common formant structures in the frames and creates a record containing the fundamental frequencies and the selected one.
  • the present invention therefore introduces the broad concept of storing fundamental frequencies and selected structures in sound and creating a record containing those fundamental frequencies and selected structures to provide a basis for subsequent synthesis (tantamount to playback).
  • the present invention preferably analyzes the sound as a continuous performance (irrespective of individual tones or notes).
  • the frames are discrete, allowing them to correspond to a discrete period of time.
  • common spectra or formant structures may be contained in a dictionary to compress the total size of the record.
  • a musical instrument generates the sound.
  • Those skilled in the art are familiar with the formant content of certain musical instruments, such as string and wind instruments. Human voices likewise contain formants that may be captured and employed in later synthesis.
  • the present invention can operate with any sound, however.
  • the frame generator samples the sound before extracting the fundamental frequencies therefrom.
  • sampling may occur at 1 ms intervals.
  • the present invention is not limited to a particular sampling frequency.
  • the system further includes a mapping circuit that applies a temporal quantization map to the record.
  • a mapping circuit that applies a temporal quantization map to the record.
  • the system further includes an editor that modifies a selected one of a content and an order of the record.
  • the editor allows still further manipulation of the sound once recorded.
  • the frame analyzer identifies the selected one of common spectra structures and common formant structures by Fourier analyzing the frames.
  • Fourier analyzing the frames Those skilled in the art are familiar with, in particular, fast Fourier transform techniques by which frequencies may be analyzed.
  • the present invention is compatible with other conventional or later-developed spectrum analysis techniques, such as wavelets.
  • the present invention further provides infrastructures for distributing recordings for remote playback.
  • One infrastructure includes: (1) a radio station having a recording database associated therewith, (2) a plurality of recordings contained within the recording database, each of the plurality of recordings including a selected one of common spectra structures and common formant structures corresponding thereto, (3) a request receiver, coupled to the recording database, that receives remote requests for ones of the plurality of recordings and (4) a transmitter, coupled to the recording database, that transmits the ones of the plurality of recordings in response to the requests.
  • the infrastructure further includes a plurality of remote radios capable of receiving and digitally manipulating the ones of the plurality of recordings.
  • the remote radios may comprise software that can be downloaded and executed on data processing and storage hardware to allow the ones of the plurality of recordings to be played. This infrastructure sharply contrasts with conventional analog AM or FM radio infrastructures in which remote radios simply demodulate and amplify received radio waves.
  • the transmitter broadcasts the ones of the plurality of recordings to receivers.
  • the ones of the plurality of recordings may be addressed to individual remote "radios.”
  • the ones of the pluralities of recordings are embodied in a plurality of bitstream files.
  • the bitstream files contain data pertaining to the fundamental frequencies and the selected one as described above.
  • the recording database contains a record of the requests. This allows song popularity or advertisement dissemination to be tracked and accurate royalty payments to be calculated automatically.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated is a block diagram 100 of a resolution-independent system for recording a musical instrument constructed according to the principles of the present invention.
  • the resolution-independent system of block diagram 100 includes a sound source 110, a sampler 120, a frame generator 130, a frame analyzer 140, a first storage unit 150, a mapping circuit 160, an editor 170 and a second storage unit 180.
  • the present invention provides systems and methods for recording and synthesizing sound in a resolution-independent manner and infrastructures for distributing resolution-independent recordings for remote playback.
  • a musical instrument may be used to generate the sound.
  • Those skilled in the art are familiar with the formant content of certain musical instruments, such as string and wind instruments. Human voices also contain formants that may be captured and employed in later synthesis to be used in play-back of the recording.
  • the present invention can operate with any sound, however.
  • the sampling which may occur at 1 ms intervals, is accomplished by the sampler 120 before the fundamental frequencies are extracted by the frame generator 130.
  • the sampler 120 may be included as part of the frame generator 130. This embodiment allows the data comprising a sound source to be independent of the sampling rate or tempo desired.
  • the frame generator 130 creates frames and extracts fundamental frequencies and spectral envelopes from the sound source 110 through the sampler 120. Then, the frame analyzer 130 identifies a selected one of common spectral structures and common formant structures in the frames and creates a record, containing this selected one and the appropriate fundamental frequencies, that is then stored in the first storage unit 150.
  • the present invention therefore introduces the broad concept of storing fundamental frequencies and selected structures in sound and creating a record containing those fundamental frequencies and selected structures to provide a basis for subsequent synthesis to be used in playback.
  • the present invention analyzes the sound as a continuous performance, irrespective of individual tones or notes.
  • the frames may be discrete, allowing them to correspond to a discrete period of time.
  • the frame analyzer 140 identifies the selected one of common spectral structures and common formant structures by Fourier analyzing the frames.
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • the present invention is compatible with other conventional or later-developed spectrum analysis techniques, such as wavelets, as well.
  • common spectral or formant structures may be contained in a dictionary in order to compress the total size of the record.
  • the identification and grouping of common spectral or formant structures allows them to be organized into a record structure that may be accessed in a way that is similar to words in a special dictionary to be used to reconstruct the particular sound composition.
  • the dictionary may typically be a custom collection of common structures associated with the sound source being sampled, framed and analyzed.
  • the dictionary may also contain common structures of a broader collection of sound sources that are recognized and tagged to correspond to the particular sound source being addressed. Further, there may be a collection of such dictionaries containing appropriate spectral and formant structures that are recognized and tagged.
  • the resolution-independent system of block diagram 100 further includes the mapping circuit 160 that applies a temporal quantization map to the record.
  • the present invention accommodates a wide range of conventional and later-developed sound manipulation techniques.
  • the temporal quantization map allows the record to be synthesized with the ability to change tempo or key thereby providing different "feel factors". Additionally, it also provides the ability to synchronize the playback performance with an external clock when other factors dictate.
  • the resolution-independent system of block diagram 100 still further includes the editor 170 that allows still further manipulation of the sound once recorded.
  • the editor 170 may modify the content or the order of the record.
  • the spectral structures or the formant structures may be modified, if desired, to provide effects not contained in the original sound source.
  • the editor 170 may also be used to re-arrange the record sequence in time relative to the frequency contour.
  • the resolution-independent system then stores these mapped or edited alternate records in the second storage unit 180.
  • FIGURE 2 illustrated is a flow diagram 200 of a resolution-independent method of recording a musical instrument that may be carried out in the system of FIGURE 1.
  • the flowchart 200 illustrates a method of recording sound which comprises extracting fundamental frequencies and spectral envelopes from the sound and creating frames from the fundamental frequencies and spectral envelopes. Then, one of common spectral structures and common formant structures in the frames are identified and selected to create a record containing both the fundamental frequencies and the ones selected.
  • the method begins in a start step 205 wherein the decision to create a record is made, and a sound source is selected in a step 210 that includes a musical instrument which generates the sound.
  • the sound is sampled in a step 215 before extracting the fundamental frequencies from the sampled sound signal.
  • Frames that may be discrete, are then generated in a step 220 from which fundamental frequencies and spectral envelopes are then extracted.
  • These frames are then analyzed in a step 225 using Fourier analysis, and then common spectral and formant structures are identified in a step 230.
  • These common structures are then stored in a step 235 which creates a record of the common structures.
  • a temporal quantization map may then be applied to the record as shown in a step 240, or the record may be modified selecting one of a content and an order of the record in a step 245 in order to edit the contents as required.
  • the method ends in an end step 250 where the sound has been selected, sampled, framed, analyzed, recorded, mapped or modified in this embodiment.
  • FIGURE 3 illustrated is a block diagram 300 of a resolution-independent system for synthesizing a recorded musical instrument constructed according to the principles of the present invention.
  • the resolution-independent system of block diagram 300 includes a storage unit 305, a mapping circuit 310, an editor 315, a waveshaper 320, an output device 325 and a speaker 330.
  • the storage unit 305 contains the records and dictionaries that have been created by sampling, framing and analyzing the sound source as discussed in FIGURE 1 and FIGURE 2 above.
  • the mapping circuit 310 applies a temporal quantization map to the record.
  • the present invention may accommodate a wide range of conventional and later-developed sound manipulation techniques allowing the record to be synthesized with a changed tempo or key and provide the ability to synchronize the playback performance with an external clock. Further manipulation of the recorded sound is provided with the editor 315 which may modify the content or the order of the record to provide effects not contained in the original sound source. The editor 315 may also be used to re-arrange the record sequence in time relative to the frequency contour as discussed.
  • the waveshaper 320 is coupled to the storage unit 305, the mapping circuit 310 and the editor 315.
  • the waveshaper 320 takes the fundamental frequencies and applies a waveshaping transfer function to create a waveform from either the stored record, the mapped record or the edited record.
  • the waveshaper 320 may also use some combination of these three in order to generate the waveform.
  • the waveshaper 320 may also select from a number of waveshaping transfer functions that are stored in the waveshaper 320 to accommodate the waveshaping process.
  • the waveshaper 320 is clocked externally, in this embodiment, allowing the waveform to be synchronized with external events.
  • the waveform may then be converted into an output sound using the output device 325 and the speaker 330.
  • the synthesis process represented here allows the originally recorded sound to be reproduced with appropriate fidelity or allows the originally recorded sound to be modified as deemed appropriate to the user. This does not preclude the use of other synthesis techniques such as FFT or direct sine.
  • FIGURE 4 illustrated is a flow diagram 400 of a resolution-independent method of synthesizing a recorded musical instrument that may be carried out in the system of FIGURE 3.
  • the method depicted in the flowchart 400 allows a temporal quantization map to be applied or a modification of the content or the order of a selected record to be accomplished in the creation and playback of sound recorded according to the present invention.
  • the method begins in a start step 405 wherein the decision to synthesize a record is made, and the record is selected in a step 410.
  • the record is then processed using a temporal quantization map in a step 415.
  • the record is modified through an edit function in a step 420.
  • the selected, mapped and edited record is then waveshaped in a step 425 and the waveshaped record is then delivered for playback in a step 430.
  • the method ends in an end step 435.
  • FIGURE 5 illustrated is a block diagram 500 of a communications infrastructure capable of distributing resolution-independent recordings for remote playback.
  • the block diagram 500 includes a wireless server 505 and an interactive music player 510 shown in FIGURE 5A, along with a random access playlist 515, a download capability 520, a player 525 and a speaker 530 for sound reproduction shown in FIGURE 5B.
  • the present invention further provides infrastructures for distributing recordings for remote playback.
  • One infrastructure includes the wireless server 505 depicted as a radio station having a recording database associated therewith, and a plurality of recordings contained within the recording database, where each of the plurality of recordings includes a selected one of common spectral structures and common formant structures corresponding to the records of each individual instrument or vocalist in a recording, which is re-synthesized and combined in real time during play back.
  • the interactive music player 510 generates requests to a corresponding request receiver that is coupled to the recording database, associated with the wireless server 505, which receives remote requests for various ones of the plurality of recordings. Additionally, a transmitter, coupled to the recording database, also associated with the wireless server 505, transmits the plurality of recordings in response to the requests. There is an additional monodirectional mode in which the receiver waits until the desired selection is transmitted before downloading and playing it.
  • the present invention therefore provides what amounts to audio-on-demand wherein formatted audio files are provided to remote radios or players, which act as "client” receivers, to allow these remote radios to synthesize the audio in situ.
  • the infrastructure further includes a plurality of remote digital radios capable of receiving and digitally manipulating the plurality of recordings.
  • This infrastructure sharply contrasts with conventional analog AM or FM radio infrastructures in which remote radios simply demodulate and amplify received radio waves.
  • This infrastructure may function with any currently-proposed or later-developed digital transmitter and receiver standards.
  • the prograr material for the recordings may include but is not limited to weather, news, stock quotes or other topical information.
  • the random access playlist 515 represents the pluralities of recordings, which are embodied in a plurality of bitstream files.
  • the bitstream files contain data pertaining to the fundamental frequencies and the selected one as described above.
  • the bitstream files which may represent a collection of selections or the collection of offerings, may occur in a single serial loop. The user may select the ones of these that are downloaded and played. Alternately, they may occur in a collection of parallel loops allowing the user to perform the download 520 more rapidly.
  • the transmitter associated with the wireless server 505, may broadcast the ones of the plurality of recordings to all remote radios. Alternatively, the ones of the plurality of recordings may be addressed only to individual remote radios.
  • the recording database may contain a record of the requests. This allows song popularity or advertisement dissemination to be tracked and accurate royalty payments to be calculated automatically.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Circuits Of Receivers In General (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
EP99306932A 1998-09-10 1999-08-31 Dispositif et méthode pour l'enregistrement et la synthèse de sons et système de distribution d'enregistrements pour la reproduction à distance Withdrawn EP0986046A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15058298A 1998-09-10 1998-09-10
US150582 1998-09-10

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EP0986046A1 true EP0986046A1 (fr) 2000-03-15

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FR2826771A1 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-03 Thomson Multimedia Sa Generateur de type studio comprenant une pluralite de moyens de reproduction sonore et procede correspondant
FR2826770A1 (fr) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-03 Thomson Multimedia Sa Generateur de type studio destine a produire des sons pouvant etre representes par une partition et procede correspondant
US7650621B2 (en) 2000-10-11 2010-01-19 United Video Properties, Inc. Systems and methods for providing storage of data on servers in an on-demand media delivery system
US7797064B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2010-09-14 Stephen Loomis Apparatus and method for skipping songs without delay
US7912920B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2011-03-22 Stephen Loomis Stream sourcing content delivery system
US7937488B2 (en) 2002-12-13 2011-05-03 Tarquin Consulting Co., Llc Multimedia scheduler
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US9014546B2 (en) 2009-09-23 2015-04-21 Rovi Guides, Inc. Systems and methods for automatically detecting users within detection regions of media devices
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US9071872B2 (en) 2003-01-30 2015-06-30 Rovi Guides, Inc. Interactive television systems with digital video recording and adjustable reminders
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WO2001088900A3 (fr) * 2000-05-15 2002-05-23 Creative Tech Ltd Procede d'identification de contenu audio
US9307291B2 (en) 2000-09-29 2016-04-05 Rovi Technologies Corporation User controlled multi-device media-on-demand system
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