EP0985777A2 - Brick and method of manufacturing - Google Patents

Abstract

To produce a building brick (1), especially of clay or loam, the material is prepared and mixed with additives such as sawdust. The material is extruded into the profile of the brick (1). The extruded brick material is cut into lengths while maintaining a given tolerance (T) so that no further finishing work is required to achieve a brick (1) of the required and defined height (H), and especially no additional grinding is needed.

Description

a) Herstellung eines Materialgemisches, insbesondere aus Ton und/oder Lehm unter Zugabe von Zusatzstoffen wie beispielsweise Sägemehl,

b) Pressen des Materialgemisches durch eine Strangpresse, deren Spritzkopf die dem Profil des Mauersteins entspricht,

c) Ablängen einzelner Mauersteine als Teil des durch den Spritzkopf der Strangpresse gepreßten Materials, wodurch ein Mauersteinrohling mit gewünschter Steinhöhe hergestellt wird, und

d) Trocknen des Mauersteinrohlings.

The invention relates to a method for producing a brick, in particular from clay or clay, with the method steps:

a) production of a material mixture, in particular from clay and / or clay with the addition of additives such as sawdust,

b) pressing the material mixture by means of an extrusion press, the spray head of which corresponds to the profile of the brick,

c) cutting individual bricks as part of the material pressed through the extrusion die of the extrusion press, thereby producing a brick blank with the desired stone height, and

d) drying the brick blank.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a brick having cavities that extend in the direction of height.

The mentioned method and the brick are known. The individual building blocks are often carried out with tongue and groove, so that both the alignment easier than the stability is higher. The tongue and groove is supported Arrangement always in such a way that the grooves and tongues in the bed joint are located.

In most cases, building blocks are used to save weight and materials are provided with cavities. These so-called multi-chamber stones show sometimes a large number of air chambers (e.g. 2, 4 or 9 chambers) that cover the Not only make Stcin lighter and save material, but also thermal insulation increase. The dimensions of the air chambers are based on DIN 18148, 18151 and 18153.

The basic material is first prepared for the manufacture of bricks. For this After the extraction of the clay or clay in the opencast mine, the transport takes place for temporary storage in a swamp house. There are different types of clay mixed. Due to the storage, an even moisture and a Homogenization achieved. The mechanical processing of the clay, in particular the crushing takes place in a pan mill. Then the raw materials mixed and moistened in a desired ratio.

There is an additional one in the manufacture of highly heat-insulating bricks Porosity required. This is done by adding sawdust. The one with it achieved fine porosity that reflects the natural capillarity of the fired material full extent, causes a favorable drying out ratio of the new building, d. H. a rapid reduction in building moisture as well as good moisture regulation for later use.

The stone blanks are shaped by extrusion. It will Material pressed through a spray head. Then individual Raw stones separated by a cutter. The shaped material comes in the dryer, which can be operated with the waste heat from a tunnel kiln. The Drying time varies depending on the format and bulk density and is usually 24 Hours. The dried blanks are then dried at approx. 1,000 ° C within 30 burned in a tunnel kiln for up to 45 hours. The residue-free combustion of the Porosity substances mentioned causes the fine porosity.

Standard bricks (DIN 105) can be produced using this process become. To create masonry from such stones, between the A mortar layer was applied to the rows of stones, with a mortar layer of up to 12 Can be millimeters thick, which compensates for dimensional tolerances of the stone can.

In addition, so-called Panziegel are known, which also with the above Processes can be made. Planned bricks allow the creation of a Masonry, in which only a thin layer of mortar of about 1 millimeter between is applied to the rows of stones. This sets a very high dimensional tolerance of the stones ahead, so that the procedure shown is necessarily a post-processing in the form of a grinding process. This will make the stones ground to the necessary tolerance with high accuracy.

In spite of the high manufacturing costs of tarpaulin bricks, there are such stones enforced because masonry can be created quite precisely in a simple manner can.

A disadvantage of the method mentioned is that grinding is an expensive one Is a manufacturing step that is not only capital-intensive (it must be in the appropriate Grinding systems are invested), but also the manufacturing time of the stone - and again the cost - increased. Another disadvantage is that the Grinding dust is an environmental burden on the one hand and often on the other cannot be removed from the stone surface, so that the mortar bond bad is.

The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the known production method for bricks and at the same time eliminating the disadvantages mentioned. The process should therefore work more cost-effectively and not cause exposure to grinding dust, but nevertheless produce inexpensive stones that can be installed as tarpaulin bricks. Furthermore, a brick that can be used as a facing brick is to be created, which is distinguished from a known facing brick in that it has an improved thermal and acoustic insulation property.

The solution to this problem by the invention with regard to the method is characterized in that the individual bricks (1) are cut to length while maintaining a low tolerance (T) in such a way that the brick (1) is reworked to achieve a defined stone height ( H), especially by grinding, is not required.

According to the invention it is therefore provided that the downstream grinding Stones are completely dispensed with, that the suitability of the stone is precisely manufactured Target brick is achieved in that the cutting to high accuracy takes place so that the required tolerance is achieved without regrinding. There is a tolerance in the stone dimensions, especially in the height of the Steins, aimed at approx. ± 1.5 millimeters.

This accuracy is lower than that of the known face tiles, however it is enough to cover the stones with a mortar layer of approx. 2 millimeters brick up.

According to a first development it is provided that for the purpose of cutting individual Bricks (1) a cutting device (4) is used, which has a separating wire (5), which during the cutting process with the strand exit speed (v) is moved. It is also advantageous that the cutting device (4) the separating wire (5) by using means known per se in such a way that a Positional accuracy of the separating wire (5) of less than 0.5 millimeters, preferably less than 0.2 millimeters.

For a stable production process, it is also advantageous that a uniform Flow cross section of the material mixture (2) over the entire cross-sectional area of the extrusion press head (3).

• eine Mauersteinhöhe (H), die dem benötigten Mauermaß angepaßt ist,
• wobei der Mauerstein (1) ohne Nachbearbeitung, insbesondere ohne Schleifbearbeitung, verbaut wird und
• wobei die Öffnungen (7) des Hohlraums (6) an der Oberfläche (O) des Mauersteins (1) Schnittgrate (8) aufweisen.

The brick according to the invention, which can preferably be produced using the method described, has cavities (6) which extend in the direction of the height (H). According to the invention, it is characterized by

• a brick height (H) that is adapted to the required wall dimension,
• wherein the brick (1) without finishing, in particular without grinding, is installed and
• wherein the openings (7) of the cavity (6) on the surface (O) of the brick (1) have ridges (8).

The burrs can be generated by means of the separating wire in that when cutting the still viscous mass of material through the wire into the area of Cavity is drawn into it. As such, in the prior art, this is considered rather felt disruptive; with subsequent grinding of the stone in known The bricks are therefore deliberately removed from facing bricks.

However, the invention is based on the knowledge that the ridge can be used by helping in applying mortar to the cavities with mortar to be closed as completely as possible, so that there are none over the entire wall height extending hollow chambers, which disadvantageously form a chimney effect can trigger and thus negatively affect the thermal insulation behavior of the wall. Furthermore, the sound insulation effect is not disadvantageous the wall deteriorated. The cutting burrs decrease on the surface of the Stone the effective percentage of holes.

It is preferably further provided that the stone is more precisely positioned Installation with a lightweight wall mortar a brick height (H) of 123 Millimeters, 248 millimeters or 498 millimeters has a tolerance of at most ± 2.5 millimeters, preferably ± 1.5 millimeters.

An essential fundamental consideration of the present invention is that the Stone with changed stone height is manufactured in a newly defined tolerance, whereby post-processing by grinding - as in the prior art - does not take place.

The known face tiles are also adapted to the required wall dimensions, however, their width is reduced to 124, 249 and 499 millimeters with a tolerance of ± 1 millimeter fixed by grinding. The stones according to the invention, however, have preferably a brick height of 123 millimeters, 248 millimeters or 498 Millimeters, the tolerance is preferably ± 1.5 millimeters. So that is processing as a flat brick (with a thin layer of mortar) is also possible, however, post-processing of the stone (grinding) is not necessary.

Fig. 1

zeigt schematisch den Aufbau einer Herstellanlage für Mauersteine,

Fig. 2

stellt schematisch dreidimensional einen erfindungsgemäßen Mauerstein dar.

An exemplary embodiment according to the invention is shown in the drawing:

Fig. 1

shows schematically the construction of a manufacturing plant for bricks,

Fig. 2

schematically represents a brick according to the invention in three dimensions.

In Fig. 1 it can be seen schematically how the method for producing a brick is working. A material mixture 2 is mixed in a mixing container. This can be clay that is prepared (see above) and with sawdust to achieve it a high porosity of the finished stone. The material mixture is supplied to a spray head 3, which drives it out at an exit speed v. Here becomes as uniform as possible over the cross section of the spray head Desired speed distribution. The spray head profiles the material mixture 2 such that the extrudate corresponds to the cross section of the desired stone.

A spray cutting device 4 is arranged downstream of the spray head 3. This is shown schematically in the figure as a frame which is vertically movable. He wears a separating wire 5 which is tensioned by the frame. The frame is in Cutting direction s lowered, making a piece of the extruded profile can be separated. The cut is made in such a way that stone blanks 1 with the brick height H.

In order to achieve a high accuracy of the cutting of the separating wire, the Cutting device 4 at the moment of cutting with the strand exit speed v moves so that - despite the further movement - a straight cut results.

The stone thus produced can be seen in Fig. 2. The strand was cut to length with such accuracy that the stone height H is within a low Tolerance T lies, whereby an order of magnitude of ± 1.5 millimeters is aimed for. In this case, the brick 1 can directly as without any finishing (grinding) Planned bricks are installed, whereby a mortar layer of approx. 2 millimeters is provided can be.

The stone has - as can be seen in the figure - several (nine in Fig. 2) Cavities 6 on. These not only serve to save weight and material, they also enable improved thermal insulation. By cutting off the stone 1 by means of the separating wire 5 in the cutting direction s have on the surface O of the stone 1 in the region of the opening of the cavity 6 result in cutting burrs 8.

Burrs are usually undesirable; during grinding post-processing according to the state of Tecknik, they are therefore also removed by grinding. However, the stone according to the invention consciously uses the ridges: the ridge represents one Supported for the mortar that is applied at the masonry. In order to the openings 7 of the cavities 6 can be covered more easily, so that forms a continuous layer of mortar that completely closes the openings 7.

The stones 1 are cut to wall dimensions. For the simple installation of the stones they are cut to 123 millimeters, 248 millimeters or 498 millimeters, whereby a tolerance of at most ± 2.5 millimeters, preferably of ± 1.5 millimeters is observed. This enables a positionally accurate installation with a lightweight wall mortar respectively.

Reference numerals:

1

Brick

2nd

Material mixture

3rd

Spray head

4th

Cutting device

5

Separating wire

6

cavity

7

Opening of the cavity 6 on the surface of the brick 1

8th

Cutting edge

H

Brick height

T

tolerance

v

Strand exit speed

O

Brick surface 1

s

Cutting direction

Claims (6)

Method for producing a brick (1), in particular from clay or clay, with the following steps: a) production of a material mixture (2), in particular from clay and / or clay with the addition of additives such as sawdust, b) pressing the material mixture by means of an extrusion press, the spray head (3) of which corresponds to the profile of the brick (1), c) cutting individual bricks (1) as part of the material (2) pressed through the spray head (3) of the extrusion press, thereby producing a brick blank with the desired stone height (H), and d) drying the brick blank, characterized by
that the individual bricks (1) are cut to length in accordance with step c) while maintaining a low tolerance (T) in such a way that post-processing of the brick (1) to achieve a defined stone height (H), in particular by grinding, is not necessary . Method according to claim 1, characterized in that for the purpose of cutting to length individual bricks (1) according to step c) of claim 1 a cutting device (4) is used, which has a separating wire (5), the during the cutting process at the nozzle exit speed (v) is moved. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the cutting device (4) the separating wire (5) by using means known per se leads such that a positional accuracy of the separating wire (5) less than 0.5 millimeters, preferably less than 0.2 millimeters. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a uniform flow cross section of the material mixture (2) over the the entire cross-sectional area of the extrusion head (3) of the extrusion press is observed becomes. Multi-chamber brick (1), in particular produced by the method according to one of claims 1 to 4, which has cavities (6) which extend in the direction of the height (H), characterized by a brick height (H) that is adapted to the required wall dimension, wherein the brick (1) without finishing, in particular without grinding, is installed and the openings (7) of the cavities (6) on the surface (O) of the brick (1) have burrs (8). Multi-chamber brick according to claim 5, characterized in that it for the purpose of precise installation with a lightweight wall mortar Brick height (H) of 123 millimeters, 248 millimeters or 498 millimeters with a tolerance of at most ± 2.5 millimeters, preferably ± 1.5 Millimeter.

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