EP0981653A4 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der bruchzähigkeit in aluminium-lithium-legierungen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur erhöhung der bruchzähigkeit in aluminium-lithium-legierungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP0981653A4 EP0981653A4 EP98903777A EP98903777A EP0981653A4 EP 0981653 A4 EP0981653 A4 EP 0981653A4 EP 98903777 A EP98903777 A EP 98903777A EP 98903777 A EP98903777 A EP 98903777A EP 0981653 A4 EP0981653 A4 EP 0981653A4
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- fracture toughness
- lithium alloys
- improving fracture
- lithium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Wire Bonding (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP03015053.6A EP1359232B9 (de) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Bruchzähigkeit in Aluminium-Lithium-Legierungen |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US3632997P | 1997-01-31 | 1997-01-31 | |
US36329P | 1997-01-31 | ||
PCT/US1998/001584 WO1998033947A1 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Method of improving fracture toughness in aluminum-lithium alloys |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03015053.6A Division EP1359232B9 (de) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Bruchzähigkeit in Aluminium-Lithium-Legierungen |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0981653A1 EP0981653A1 (de) | 2000-03-01 |
EP0981653A4 true EP0981653A4 (de) | 2000-05-17 |
EP0981653B1 EP0981653B1 (de) | 2003-09-24 |
Family
ID=21887984
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98903777A Expired - Lifetime EP0981653B1 (de) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Verfahren zur erhöhung der bruchzähigkeit in aluminium-lithium-legierungen |
EP03015053.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1359232B9 (de) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Bruchzähigkeit in Aluminium-Lithium-Legierungen |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03015053.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1359232B9 (de) | 1997-01-31 | 1998-01-30 | Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Bruchzähigkeit in Aluminium-Lithium-Legierungen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0981653B1 (de) |
AT (2) | ATE250675T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE69818448T2 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2278093T5 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998033947A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2925523B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-05-21 | Alcan Rhenalu | Produit lamine ameliore en alliage aluminium-lithium pour applications aeronautiques |
US7875133B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-25 | United Technologies Corporation | Heat treatable L12 aluminum alloys |
US8017072B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2011-09-13 | United Technologies Corporation | Dispersion strengthened L12 aluminum alloys |
US7879162B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2011-02-01 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength aluminum alloys with L12 precipitates |
US8002912B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2011-08-23 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminum alloys |
US7811395B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2010-10-12 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminum alloys |
US7871477B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-18 | United Technologies Corporation | High strength L12 aluminum alloys |
US8409373B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2013-04-02 | United Technologies Corporation | L12 aluminum alloys with bimodal and trimodal distribution |
US7875131B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2011-01-25 | United Technologies Corporation | L12 strengthened amorphous aluminum alloys |
US8778098B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2014-07-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for producing high strength aluminum alloy powder containing L12 intermetallic dispersoids |
US8778099B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 | 2014-07-15 | United Technologies Corporation | Conversion process for heat treatable L12 aluminum alloys |
US9611522B2 (en) | 2009-05-06 | 2017-04-04 | United Technologies Corporation | Spray deposition of L12 aluminum alloys |
US9127334B2 (en) | 2009-05-07 | 2015-09-08 | United Technologies Corporation | Direct forging and rolling of L12 aluminum alloys for armor applications |
US8728389B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2014-05-20 | United Technologies Corporation | Fabrication of L12 aluminum alloy tanks and other vessels by roll forming, spin forming, and friction stir welding |
US8409496B2 (en) | 2009-09-14 | 2013-04-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Superplastic forming high strength L12 aluminum alloys |
US9194027B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2015-11-24 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of forming high strength aluminum alloy parts containing L12 intermetallic dispersoids by ring rolling |
US8409497B2 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2013-04-02 | United Technologies Corporation | Hot and cold rolling high strength L12 aluminum alloys |
CN103168110A (zh) | 2010-09-08 | 2013-06-19 | 美铝公司 | 改进的铝-锂合金及其生产方法 |
WO2013172910A2 (en) | 2012-03-07 | 2013-11-21 | Alcoa Inc. | Improved 2xxx aluminum alloys, and methods for producing the same |
US9587298B2 (en) | 2013-02-19 | 2017-03-07 | Arconic Inc. | Heat treatable aluminum alloys having magnesium and zinc and methods for producing the same |
FR3014905B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-12-11 | Constellium France | Produits en alliage d'aluminium-cuivre-lithium a proprietes en fatigue ameliorees |
DE102014011745B4 (de) | 2014-08-07 | 2023-05-11 | Modine Manufacturing Company | Gelöteter Wärmetauscher und Herstellungsverfahren |
EP3072985B2 (de) | 2015-03-27 | 2020-08-26 | Otto Fuchs KG | Ag-freie al-cu-mg-li-legierung |
EP3577246A1 (de) * | 2017-01-31 | 2019-12-11 | Universal Alloy Corporation | Aluminium-kupfer-lithium-legierungsextrusionen mit niedriger dichte |
CN110423926B (zh) * | 2019-07-29 | 2020-12-29 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | 一种耐热铝锂合金及其制备方法 |
CN113388793A (zh) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-14 | 河北力尔铝业有限公司 | 一种铝合金天沟型材的生产工艺 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4648913A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1987-03-10 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method |
WO1993023584A1 (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1993-11-25 | Reynolds Metals Company | Low density, high strength al-li alloy having high toughness at elevated temperatures |
US5462712A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1995-10-31 | Martin Marietta Corporation | High strength Al-Cu-Li-Zn-Mg alloys |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4869870A (en) * | 1988-03-24 | 1989-09-26 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys with hafnium |
-
1998
- 1998-01-30 DE DE69818448T patent/DE69818448T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-30 AT AT98903777T patent/ATE250675T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-30 EP EP98903777A patent/EP0981653B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-30 AT AT03015053T patent/ATE346963T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-30 DE DE69836569.0T patent/DE69836569T3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-30 WO PCT/US1998/001584 patent/WO1998033947A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-30 EP EP03015053.6A patent/EP1359232B9/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-30 ES ES03015053.6T patent/ES2278093T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4648913A (en) * | 1984-03-29 | 1987-03-10 | Aluminum Company Of America | Aluminum-lithium alloys and method |
US5462712A (en) * | 1988-08-18 | 1995-10-31 | Martin Marietta Corporation | High strength Al-Cu-Li-Zn-Mg alloys |
WO1993023584A1 (en) * | 1992-05-15 | 1993-11-25 | Reynolds Metals Company | Low density, high strength al-li alloy having high toughness at elevated temperatures |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
"Metals & Alloys in the UNIFIED NUMBERING SYSTEM, 7TH ED.", 1996, SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS, USA, XP002131452 * |
M. PETERS AND P.-J. WINKLER: "Aluminium-Lithium", 1992, DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FÜR MATERIALKUNDE, GERMANY, XP002131453 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0981653A1 (de) | 2000-03-01 |
WO1998033947A1 (en) | 1998-08-06 |
EP1359232B1 (de) | 2006-11-29 |
ATE346963T1 (de) | 2006-12-15 |
EP1359232A3 (de) | 2004-01-02 |
DE69836569T2 (de) | 2008-01-03 |
ES2278093T3 (es) | 2007-08-01 |
DE69818448D1 (de) | 2003-10-30 |
DE69836569T3 (de) | 2014-07-31 |
EP1359232B2 (de) | 2014-03-12 |
EP0981653B1 (de) | 2003-09-24 |
EP1359232B9 (de) | 2014-09-10 |
DE69836569D1 (de) | 2007-01-11 |
ES2278093T5 (es) | 2014-07-16 |
ATE250675T1 (de) | 2003-10-15 |
DE69818448T2 (de) | 2004-07-29 |
EP1359232A2 (de) | 2003-11-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0981653A4 (de) | Verfahren zur erhöhung der bruchzähigkeit in aluminium-lithium-legierungen | |
AU6381899A (en) | Method of producing superplastic alloys and superplastic alloys produced by the method | |
GB2124938B (en) | Method of improving the fatigue strength and toughness of high-strength aluminium alloys | |
AU580397B2 (en) | High strength and high toughness steel bar, rod and wire and the process of producing the same | |
EP0558977A3 (en) | High-strength, rapidly solidified alloy | |
UA38805A (uk) | Сплав на основі титану | |
EP0194700A3 (de) | Aluminiumlegierungen | |
EP1236545A3 (de) | Gehäuse für kraftgetriebenes Werkzeug | |
AU2082595A (en) | High-strength solder alloy | |
AU558845B2 (en) | High strength, weldable, low alloy steel | |
AU5979394A (en) | High-strength soldering alloy | |
EP0901869A4 (de) | Verbundwerkstoff aus beryllium, kupferlegierung und rostfreier stahl und verfahren zum verbinden | |
CA2097352A1 (en) | Aluminum Alloy for Armour Cable Strip | |
CA2129566A1 (en) | Copper Alloy for Horse Bridle Bits | |
Jeffrey et al. | Aluminium anode alloy | |
Bethlehem | Good Machinability of Beryllium--Copper Compensates for Its High Materials Costs | |
Nakada | The cutting technology and surface treatment for magnesium alloy | |
Tyurin | Possibility of Increasing the Quality of Workpiece Metal for Main Purpose | |
CA2522830A1 (en) | A spade-type boring bit | |
Manyak | Technological features of deoxidizing and modifying low-alloy steel. | |
Feng | The recent advance in applications of niobium | |
Schliephake et al. | The use of sponge iron in the electric arc furnace at the Ispat-Hamburg steel plant | |
Fleischer et al. | Development of Steels for Forgings | |
Balicki | Evaluation of the Strength of Copper Alloys | |
Jirsa | International Conference, Scaninject III, in Sweden |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19990827 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Free format text: 7C 22C 21/00 A, 7C 22C 21/12 B, 7C 22F 1/057 B |
|
A4 | Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched |
Effective date: 20000330 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A4 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
RIN1 | Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected) |
Inventor name: NIEDZINSKI, MICHAEL, M. Inventor name: GREENE, RICHARD, E. Inventor name: SKILLINGBERG, MICHAEL, H. Inventor name: CHO, ALEX |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: MCCOOK METALS L.L.C. |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20011119 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: PECHINEY ROLLED PRODUCTS, LLC |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030924 Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030924 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 20030924 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030924 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030924 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030924 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20030924 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69818448 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 20031030 Kind code of ref document: P |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20031224 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20031224 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20031224 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20040104 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040130 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040130 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040131 |
|
NLV1 | Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20040625 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040224 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD Owner name: CONSTELLIUM ROLLED PRODUCTS RAVENSWOOD, LLC, US Effective date: 20111219 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69818448 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: BOEHMERT & BOEHMERT, DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69818448 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: BOEHMERT & BOEHMERT, DE Effective date: 20120622 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R082 Ref document number: 69818448 Country of ref document: DE Representative=s name: BOEHMERT & BOEHMERT ANWALTSPARTNERSCHAFT MBB -, DE Effective date: 20120622 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R081 Ref document number: 69818448 Country of ref document: DE Owner name: CONSTELLIUM ROLLED PRODUCTS RAVENSWOOD, LLC, US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PECHINEY ROLLED PRODUCTS, LLC, RAVENSWOOD, US Effective date: 20120622 Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R081 Ref document number: 69818448 Country of ref document: DE Owner name: CONSTELLIUM ROLLED PRODUCTS RAVENSWOOD, LLC, R, US Free format text: FORMER OWNER: PECHINEY ROLLED PRODUCTS, LLC, RAVENSWOOD, W.VA., US Effective date: 20120622 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 19 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: PLFP Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20170125 Year of fee payment: 20 Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20170125 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20170127 Year of fee payment: 20 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R071 Ref document number: 69818448 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: PE20 Expiry date: 20180129 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION Effective date: 20180129 |