EP0981114A1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen von Banknoten - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen von Banknoten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0981114A1
EP0981114A1 EP99114520A EP99114520A EP0981114A1 EP 0981114 A1 EP0981114 A1 EP 0981114A1 EP 99114520 A EP99114520 A EP 99114520A EP 99114520 A EP99114520 A EP 99114520A EP 0981114 A1 EP0981114 A1 EP 0981114A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
banknotes
values
pixel
luminance
luminance values
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99114520A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Armando Neri
Giuseppe Di Stefano
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Currency Systems International Inc
Original Assignee
GD SpA
Currency Systems International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GD SpA, Currency Systems International Inc filed Critical GD SpA
Publication of EP0981114A1 publication Critical patent/EP0981114A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/20—Testing patterns thereon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of controlling banknotes.
  • banknotes are made from a sheet of such a size as to contain several finished banknotes, and which comprises watermarked regions and/or regions including metal bands, and is fed along a given path along which it undergoes various printing steps, each involving a different printing technique.
  • Offset printing i.e. of images normally representing a coloured background
  • intaglio or copperplate printing i.e. of famous faces and numbers representing the value of the banknote
  • silk-screen printing i.e. of the serial number.
  • Intaglio printing is performed at high pressure using a plate, and deforms the paper slightly so that the plate is inclined with respect to the offset print, and the intaglio print itself possibly misaligned with respect to the offset print rollers.
  • Intaglio printing is performed on one or both faces of the sheet, and may comprise a number of successive prints, each of which may be misaligned with respect to the offset or other intaglio prints. Misalignment of the various successive prints may take the form of translation along the x and/or y axis, or rotation.
  • the sheet is quality controlled and cut into separate banknotes.
  • the quality control process consists in assigning a pass or reject signal to each banknote, and only the passed banknotes are silk-screen printed with serial numbers.
  • Quality control is frequently performed manually by a checker, who ensures the offset and intaglio prints do not deviate too far from an ideal value, and checks for coloring errors, i.e. over- or underinked regions, blurring or other defects.
  • quality control may also be performed automatically using a television camera, which assigns each pixel a characteristic luminance value of a given banknote surface associated with the pixel, and compares these values with a respective acceptance range. If at least one of the detected values is outside the respective acceptance range, the banknote is rejected.
  • Automatic control is complicated by numerous factors, foremost of which is determining acceptance ranges enabling accurate control of both coloring and misalignment, which in turn is complicated by the luminance of each pixel depending on various factors, such as the printed region partly occupying the surface corresponding to the pixel, and the type of ink and paper used.
  • each pixel corresponds to a banknote surface portion of 0.125 X 0.125 square millimeters.
  • Misalignment to the above extent, in relation to the size of said surface portion therefore means the luminance value of each pixel may vary within a very wide range, due to the surface portion corresponding to the pixel possibly being fully inked or having no ink at all, particularly when the surface portion in question is located at the edge of a figure.
  • wide acceptance ranges would fail to provide for effective control by possibly passing banknotes which should be rejected.
  • a method of controlling banknotes comprising a first and a second print executed at different stages; the method comprising the steps of acquiring the luminance values of the pixels of an image of a banknote; comparing each said luminance value with a respective acceptance range of values relative to each pixel; and emitting a reject signal in the event at least one of said luminance values is outside the respective acceptance range; said method being characterized in that each said acceptance range of each respective pixel is determined as a function of the respective luminance values of said pixel acquired from the banknotes.
  • the method according to the present invention is particularly advantageous by determining, for each pixel, a respective range which, in some cases, particularly for pixels close to the edges of the figures or numbers, may be relatively wide, and, in the case of pixels some distance from the edges of the figures or numbers, may be relatively narrow; and by the control device determining the relatively wide and relatively narrow ranges statistically from the banknotes themselves.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for controlling banknotes.
  • a device for controlling banknotes comprising a first and a second print executed at different stages; the device being characterized by comprising a television camera for acquiring the luminance values of the pixels of an image of a banknote; a specimen memory for storing luminance acceptance ranges of respective pixels; and a processing unit for comparing each said luminance value with the respective acceptance range relative to each pixel; said unit emitting a reject signal in the event at least one of said luminance values is outside the respective acceptance range, and calculating said acceptance range of each pixel as a function of the luminance values of said pixel acquired from the banknotes.
  • Number 1 in Figure 1 indicates a device for controlling banknotes 2 printed on a sheet 3.
  • Control device 1 comprises a television camera 4 for picking up one banknote 2 at a time and generating a discrete, digitized grey-tone television signal which is transmitted to an image memory 5.
  • Memory 5 stores the images of banknotes 2 in the form of respective matrixes of dots or so-called pixels P, each of which is assigned a value Vb related to the grey level, i.e. luminance, of pixel P.
  • image memory 5 acquires, for each banknote 2, a succession of luminance values Vb relative to each pixel P of banknote 2.
  • each pixel P corresponds to a 0.125 mm square surface portion of banknote 2, and value Vb of each pixel P represents a mean value of the luminance of the respective surface portion.
  • Figure 4a shows a banknote portion corresponding to a given pixel P1 of the image of a banknote 2, and which, as can be seen, is occupied partly by an intaglio print T and partly by an offset print O; and, similarly, Figure 4b shows a portion corresponding to the same pixel P1 of the image of another banknote 2. That is, the two portions relate to pixels with the same coordinates in two images of respective banknotes 2.
  • Memory 5 is connected to a processing unit 6, which comprises an image processing section, i.e. an image processor, and a logic section, and which provides for processing and comparing the image of banknote 2 with acceptance ranges I.
  • processing unit 6 is connected to a specimen memory 7 which supplies the elements by which to determine ranges I.
  • Processing unit 6 also comprises an input 8 by which processing unit 6 receives external data or commands, and an output 9 by which processing unit 6 supplies a signal indicating acceptance or rejection of the controlled banknote 2.
  • Unit 6 also supplies specimen memory 7 with the luminance values Vb of the accepted banknotes 2, which are entered to form part of the specimens.
  • Banknotes 2 are produced using a known method comprising the steps of advancing sheet 3, which is sized to contain a number of banknotes 2; printing, in one printing step, the graphic portion of the image representing the coloured background of each banknote 2, and which is commonly referred to as the offset print O; printing, in one printing step, the portion representing the dark image and value figures of each banknote 2, and which is commonly referred to as the intaglio or copperplate print T; controlling the quality of the printing; printing the serial numbers on the accepted banknotes 2; and cutting sheet 3 to separate each banknote 2 in said number of banknotes 2 from the others.
  • the device comprises a so-called control operating mode, whereby, as described previously, the acquired luminance values Vb are compared with respective acceptance ranges I; and an automatic learning mode, whereby banknotes 2 are not controlled, and device 1 acquires the luminance values Vb of pixels P of banknotes 2 solely to determine respective acceptance ranges I.
  • camera 4 stores the images in memory 5 in the form of values Vb relative to respective pixels P; and memory 5 transfers values Vb to a block 11 where the acquired value Vb of each pixel P is compared with a respective acceptance range I ranging between values Vb1 and Vb2 supplied to processing unit 6 by specimen memory 7 corresponding to block 12 in Figure 2.
  • a reject signal is emitted via output 9 of unit 6, and banknote 2 is rejected as shown in block 14.
  • an accept signal is emitted via output 9, and banknote 2 is accepted as shown in block 15.
  • the new values Vb transmitted to specimen memory 7 are used, together with values Vb already in specimen memory 7, to determine a new mean value Vbm and new values Vb1 and Vb2 defining the limits of respective ranges I. Once defined in block 16, the new ranges I are transferred to block 12.
  • the luminance values Vb of the controlled and accepted banknotes 2 serve to define the mean value Vbm of each range I and the widths of ranges I, and, alongside the control mode, device 1 continues to acquire information by which to determine ranges I.
  • automatic learning mode provides for determining ranges I of each pixel P relative to banknotes 2 which have never been controlled by device 1 and for which no historical data exists by which to calculate mean values Vbm and respective limit values Vb1 and Vb2. That is, in a block 17, a television camera acquires the images, i.e.
  • ranges I are transferred together with values Vb1 and Vb2 to specimen memory 7 (block 21).
  • device 1 is set to control mode, and the N banknotes 2 used to determine ranges Is are controlled by device 1 to determine whether values Vb are within respective ranges I, and are rejected if the above condition is not met.
  • device 1 acquires values Vb of all the accepted banknotes 2 from specimen memory 7 to determine, at each control cycle, a mean value Vbm of values Vb of all the accepted banknotes 2, and so recalculate limits Vb1 and Vb2 according to the above equation.
  • Specimen memory 7 retains the mean values Vbm of each cycle to determine the existence of a systematic drift in value Vbm possibly caused by defects involving the printing devices (known and not shown).
  • processing unit 6 emits an emergency signal via output 9 to call for a check of the printing device (known and not shown) and for a manual check of banknotes 2 to determine the extent of the drift.
  • device 1 comprises a learning mode whereby memory 5 acquires values Vb of N previously, e.g. manually, controlled banknotes 2 to determine mean values Vbm, maximum values Vbmax and minimum values Vbmin of respective pixels P.
  • maximum and minimum values Vbmax and Vbmin correspond to respective values Vb1 and Vb2, and the range between maximum and minimum values Vbmax and Vbmin corresponds to range I.
  • device 1 comprises a purely control mode whereby values Vb of the accepted banknotes 2 are not acquired, and ranges I are determined solely as a function of the first N banknotes 2.
EP99114520A 1998-07-24 1999-07-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen von Banknoten Withdrawn EP0981114A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITBO980459 1998-07-24
IT1998BO000459A IT1306267B1 (it) 1998-07-24 1998-07-24 Metodo e dispositivo di controllo di banconote

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0981114A1 true EP0981114A1 (de) 2000-02-23

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EP99114520A Withdrawn EP0981114A1 (de) 1998-07-24 1999-07-23 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Überprüfen von Banknoten

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0981114A1 (de)
IT (1) IT1306267B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005025872A1 (de) * 2003-09-12 2005-03-24 Eyec Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum prüfen von druckergebnissen
EP1918104A2 (de) 2006-10-25 2008-05-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Prüfen eines Aufdrucks und Aufdruckprüfvorrichtung

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131879A (en) * 1976-04-30 1978-12-26 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for determining the relative positions of corresponding points or zones of a sample and an orginal
US4677680A (en) * 1982-08-31 1987-06-30 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Method and device for inspecting image
US5058175A (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-10-15 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Quality inspection method for a printed matter
US5063528A (en) * 1989-07-28 1991-11-05 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Record position measuring apparatus
US5317390A (en) * 1991-08-12 1994-05-31 Koenig & Bauer, Aktiengesellschaft Method for judging printing sheets
EP0825023A2 (de) * 1996-08-16 1998-02-25 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Vorgabewerten für die Steuerung einer Druckmaschine

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4131879A (en) * 1976-04-30 1978-12-26 Gretag Aktiengesellschaft Method and apparatus for determining the relative positions of corresponding points or zones of a sample and an orginal
US4677680A (en) * 1982-08-31 1987-06-30 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Method and device for inspecting image
US5063528A (en) * 1989-07-28 1991-11-05 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Record position measuring apparatus
US5058175A (en) * 1990-01-11 1991-10-15 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Quality inspection method for a printed matter
US5317390A (en) * 1991-08-12 1994-05-31 Koenig & Bauer, Aktiengesellschaft Method for judging printing sheets
EP0825023A2 (de) * 1996-08-16 1998-02-25 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Vorgabewerten für die Steuerung einer Druckmaschine

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005025872A1 (de) * 2003-09-12 2005-03-24 Eyec Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum prüfen von druckergebnissen
EP1918104A2 (de) 2006-10-25 2008-05-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Prüfen eines Aufdrucks und Aufdruckprüfvorrichtung
EP1918104A3 (de) * 2006-10-25 2010-06-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Prüfen eines Aufdrucks und Aufdruckprüfvorrichtung
US8170290B2 (en) 2006-10-25 2012-05-01 Siemens Akteingesellschaft Method for checking an imprint and imprint checking device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1306267B1 (it) 2001-06-04
ITBO980459A1 (it) 2000-01-24

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