EP0979347A1 - Heat insulation device for a steam turbine - Google Patents

Heat insulation device for a steam turbine

Info

Publication number
EP0979347A1
EP0979347A1 EP98931958A EP98931958A EP0979347A1 EP 0979347 A1 EP0979347 A1 EP 0979347A1 EP 98931958 A EP98931958 A EP 98931958A EP 98931958 A EP98931958 A EP 98931958A EP 0979347 A1 EP0979347 A1 EP 0979347A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insert element
housing
support
steam turbine
housing parts
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98931958A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0979347B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Ulma
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0979347A1 publication Critical patent/EP0979347A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0979347B1 publication Critical patent/EP0979347B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/08—Cooling; Heating; Heat-insulation
    • F01D25/14—Casings modified therefor
    • F01D25/145—Thermally insulated casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05D2260/231—Preventing heat transfer

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for heat insulation between housing parts of a steam turbine, in particular between an inner housing and an outer housing of a steam turbine with a spiral inflow.
  • An inflow casing of a steam turbine with a spiral inflow is e.g. known from DE 36 17 537 AI.
  • German supplement 1055549 specifies an insert which is arranged in the region of a dividing flange of an outer turbine housing between the outer turbine housing and a claw of the inner turbine housing resting on the outer turbine housing.
  • the insert is a pressure plate that has holes through which the supporting cross-sections are limited.
  • the determination of the pressure plate is based explicitly on the fact that when there is a bridging of a clearance in the cold state between the claw of the inner housing and the flange of the outer housing, as a result of strong thermal expansions, no inadmissible stresses occur in the flange of the outer housing. This is achieved through the bores, which ensure a plastic deformation of the pressure plate and thus a reduction in the stress input into the flange of the outer housing.
  • Swiss patents 665450 and 666 937 a steam turbine with a spiral inflow is specified.
  • components that are not specified in more detail are arranged between the outer housing and an inner housing.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable device for heat insulation between housing parts of a steam turbine, in particular for the inflow housing of a steam turbine with a spiral inflow.
  • the insert element is used to transmit power between the housing parts of the steam turbine, at least in the event that steam is applied to the steam turbine. It is also possible that the insert element additionally or alternatively consists of a material which has a higher strength than the respective material of the housing parts at a temperature which is higher than the room temperature. This is particularly important in the case of steam turbines which are exposed to high pressures and temperatures above 500 °, in particular above 550 to 650 ° C.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that within a shim element also used to align housing parts to one another, material reduction up to the value of the permissible compressive stress or surface tension is possible, since the permissible compressive stress within the shim element is several times higher than that permissible surface pressure from the insert element to the housing part.
  • the insert element prevents an inadmissibly high heat transfer from the inner casing to the outer casing.
  • the temperature differences between the inner housing and the outer housing can be around 200 to 300 K.
  • the insert element preferably has cross-sectional openings and / or cavities.
  • Such cross-section-reducing openings can be made subsequently in the insert element, for example by drilling, milling, laser beam treatment and other suitable methods.
  • the insert element can be made in one piece or in several pieces.
  • the openings or cavities mentioned can pass through Depressions, slots, troughs or the like can be formed in parts of the insert element which are to be connected to one another.
  • each part preferably has depressions, in particular grooves, which form channels which are separate from one another when the parts are joined together by webs. Steam or a similar cooling medium for cooling the insert element can flow through such channels.
  • the expediently cuboidal insert element has a number of through holes arranged next to one another.
  • the through bores advantageously run parallel to the opposite contact surfaces of the insert element and preferably transversely to its longitudinal direction.
  • the through holes can thus be flowed through to cool the insert element, for. B. by means of an additional cooling medium or solely by convection. This is also ensured if the through holes run in the longitudinal direction of the insert element. This is e.g. then appropriate if due to the
  • The, in particular drilled, insert element is particularly suitable for use in a spiral housing with two torque supports arranged opposite one another, which are expediently formed from mutually opposing supporting claws of an outer housing and an inner housing.
  • the claws are molded on the inside of the outer housing or on the outside of the inner housing.
  • the insert element can advantageously also be used as a feather key or an insert to align the housing parts with one another.
  • FIG. 1 shows in cross section an inflow housing of a steam turbine in a spiral construction with two torque supports provided with shim elements
  • FIG. 2 shows a detail II from FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale with an insert element arranged between two claws
  • FIG. 3 shows a drilled insert element in perspective view
  • the inflow housing 1 according to FIG. 1 of a steam turbine 2 with a spiral inflow has two flow channels 3a and 3b, each encompassing around a half of a turbine blade arrangement, each of which has an inlet 4 and 5, respectively.
  • the inflow housing 1 is constructed from an inner housing 6 forming the flow channels 3a, 3b and an outer housing 7 concentrically surrounding it.
  • the inner housing 6 and the outer housing 7 are each composed of an upper housing part 6a, 7a and a lower housing part 6b, 7b, which are screwed together along the same parting line 8 by means of flange connections 9 and 10, respectively.
  • the inner housing 6 is supported in relation to the outer housing 7 by means of two torque supports 12 which lie opposite one another transversely to the joint 8 and are provided with insert elements 11.
  • FIG. 2 shows such a torque arm 12 with support claws 13 and 14 integrally molded onto the inner housing 6 on the outside and with support claws 13 and 14 formed on the inside of the outer housing 7.
  • 14 form a support for the inner housing 6 with respect to the fixedly fixed outer housing 7, so that a torque acting on the inner housing 6 during operation of the steam turbine 2 is introduced via the outer housing 7 into a turbine fixation (not shown).
  • a support area 15 is provided between the support claws 13 and 14, which are at a distance from one another, in which the insert element 11 shown in FIG. 3 is arranged.
  • the insert element 11 is a cuboid body made of preferably heat-resistant steel, e.g. made of high-alloy chrome-molybdenum-vanadium of the alloy X22CrMoV121.
  • a steam turbine 2 designed for a steam temperature of 560 to 580 ° C. and a steam pressure of 180 bar (fresh steam state) with a total electrical output of 350 MW
  • Length L of the insert body 11 about 240 mm.
  • the width B is approximately 50 mm and the height H is approximately 100 mm.
  • the insert element 11 has two opposing support surfaces 16, 17 which, when used in the support region 15, bear against the corresponding support surfaces of the claws 13 and 14, respectively.
  • the insert element 11 further has two opposite end faces 18, 19, of which the end face 18 is visible in FIG. 2.
  • the insert element 11 also has opposite longitudinal surfaces, of which only the upper longitudinal surface 20 is visible in FIG. 3.
  • the insert element 1 has six through bores 21 as bore openings which, in the exemplary embodiment, run parallel to the bearing surfaces 16, 17 and transversely to the longitudinal direction, that is to say passing through the throughflow surfaces 20.
  • the through bores 21 By arranging the through bores 21 in this way, a flow running along the flow line 23 can be established in the intermediate space 22 between the inner housing 6 and the outer housing 7 (FIG. 2).
  • the through holes gen 21 also run parallel to the longitudinal surface 20 and thereby penetrate the end faces 18,19.
  • the web width d1 between adjacent through bores 21 is approximately 10 mm, while the web width d2 in the edge region is in each case approximately 5 mm.
  • the dimensions L, W, H for an insert element 11 made of chrome-molybdenum-vanadium with the alloy X22CrMoV121 are dimensioned for a permissible surface pressure of 65 N / mm 2 .
  • a compressive stress of 300 to 400 N / mm 2 is then permissible within the material body, ie within the insert element 11.
  • the number of through bores 21 and their bore diameter d3 and the web widths dl, d2 are therefore dimensioned such that the remaining cross section in the intermediate webs 24 between the through bores 21 and in the two edge webs 25 is used up to the permissible compressive stress.
  • the insert element 11 also serves to align the inner housing 6 with the outer housing 7, in particular to compensate for a play occurring as a result of manufacturing tolerances in the support area 15 between the two claws 13 and 14.
  • an insert element 11 composed of two sub-elements 31 and 32 is shown in a perspective view.
  • the insert element 11 corresponds after the assembly of the two sub-elements 31 and 32 in terms of its construction to the insert element 11 already described in FIG. 3.
  • the sub-elements 31 and 32 each have groove-shaped depressions with a semicircular cross section, so that when the partial elements 31 and 32 are assembled, channels with a circular cross section and a diameter D3 are formed analogously to the through holes 21.
  • each partial element 31 and 32 it is also possible, additionally or alternatively, to introduce hemispherical or similar depressions into each partial element 31 and 32, through which cavities, for example in the form of spheres, are formed when the partial elements 31 and 32 are assembled.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

A device for thermally insulating casing parts of a steam turbine contains a shim element that can be inserted into a bearing region of supporting bearings of the casing parts. The supporting bearings face one another and the shim element has a number of holes formed therein.

Description

Beschreibungdescription
Vorrichtung zur Wärmeisolierung für eine DampfturbineThermal insulation device for a steam turbine
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Wärmeisolierung zwischen Gehäuseteilen einer Dampfturbine, insbesondere zwischen einem Innengehäuse und einem Außengehäuse einer Dampfturbine mit Spiraleinströmung.The invention relates to a device for heat insulation between housing parts of a steam turbine, in particular between an inner housing and an outer housing of a steam turbine with a spiral inflow.
Ein Einströmgehäuse einer Dampfturbine mit Spiraleinströmung ist z.B. aus der DE 36 17 537 AI bekannt. Dabei treten zwischen zwei gegeneinander abgestützten oder aufeinander aufliegenden Gehäuseteilen der Dampfturbine, insbesondere im Bereich einer Drehmomentabstützung bzw. einer Tragauflage eines Innengehäuses im Außengehäuse, üblicherweise große Kräfte von z.B. etwa 1000 bis 2000 kN und große Temperaturunterschiede zwischen Außen- und Innengehäuse auf. So entsteht aufgrund eines hohen Druckes von z. B. 60 bar des in die Dampfturbine einströmenden Dampfes ein großes Drehmoment auf die jeweilige Stütze oder Auflagepratze . Die dadurch bedingte Kraft auf die jeweilige Stütze kann bei diesem Dampfdruck etwa 150 Tonnen betragen.An inflow casing of a steam turbine with a spiral inflow is e.g. known from DE 36 17 537 AI. Large forces of, for example, usually occur between two mutually supported or superposed housing parts of the steam turbine, in particular in the area of a torque support or a support of an inner housing in the outer housing. about 1000 to 2000 kN and large temperature differences between the outer and inner housing. So arises due to a high pressure of z. B. 60 bar of the steam flowing into the steam turbine a large torque on the respective support or claw. The resulting force on the respective support can be about 150 tons at this vapor pressure.
In der deutschen Auslegeschrift 1055549 ist eine Beilage an- gegeben, die im Bereich eines Teilungsflansches eines Turbi- nenaußengehäuses zwischen dem Turbinenaußengehäuse und einer auf dem Turbinenaußengehäuse aufliegenden Tragpratze des Tur- bineninnengehäußes angeordnet ist. Die Beilage ist hierbei eine Druckplatte, welche Bohrungen aufweist, durch die eine Begrenzung von tragenden Querschnitten erfolgt. Die Bestimmung der Druckplatte liegt ausdrücklich darin, daß bei einer Überbrückung eines im kalten Zustand zwischen der Tragpratze des Innengehäuses und dem Flansch des Außengehäuses vorliegenden Spiels infolge starker Wärmedehnungen keine unzulässi- gen Spannungen in dem Flansch des Außengehäuses entstehen. Dies wird durch die Bohrungen erreicht, welche eine plastische Verformung der Druckplatte und damit eine Reduzierung des Spannungseintrages in den Flansch des Außengehäuses gewährleistet .German supplement 1055549 specifies an insert which is arranged in the region of a dividing flange of an outer turbine housing between the outer turbine housing and a claw of the inner turbine housing resting on the outer turbine housing. The insert is a pressure plate that has holes through which the supporting cross-sections are limited. The determination of the pressure plate is based explicitly on the fact that when there is a bridging of a clearance in the cold state between the claw of the inner housing and the flange of the outer housing, as a result of strong thermal expansions, no inadmissible stresses occur in the flange of the outer housing. This is achieved through the bores, which ensure a plastic deformation of the pressure plate and thus a reduction in the stress input into the flange of the outer housing.
In den Schweizer Patentschriften 665450 und 666 937 ist jeweils eine Dampfturbine mit einer spiralförmigen Einströmung angegeben. Im Bereich der jeweiligen Flansche des Außengehäuses sind nicht näher spezifizierte Bauteile zwischen dem Au- ßengehäuse und einem Innengehäuse angeordnet.In Swiss patents 665450 and 666 937, a steam turbine with a spiral inflow is specified. In the area of the respective flanges of the outer housing, components that are not specified in more detail are arranged between the outer housing and an inner housing.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine besonders geeignete Vorrichtung zur Wärmeisolierung zwischen Gehäuseteilen einer Dampfturbine anzugeben, insbesondere für das Ein- strömgehäuse einer Dampfturbine mit Spiraleinströmung.The invention is based on the object of specifying a particularly suitable device for heat insulation between housing parts of a steam turbine, in particular for the inflow housing of a steam turbine with a spiral inflow.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 sowie des Anspruchs 2. Dabei ist ein Beilageelement oder Zwischenelement mit reduziertem Querschnitt vor- gesehen, das in einen Auflagebereich zwischen zwei sich gegenüberstehenden Stützauflagen oder Stützflächen der Gehäuseteile einlegbar ist.This object is achieved according to the invention by the features of claim 1 and claim 2. An insert element or intermediate element with a reduced cross section is provided, which can be inserted into a support area between two opposing support supports or support surfaces of the housing parts.
Das Beilageelement dient der Kraftübertragung zwischen den Gehäuseteilen der Dampfturbine, zumindest für den Fall, daß die Dampfturbine mit Dampf beaufschlagt wird. Es ist ebenfalls möglich, daß das Beilageelement zusätzlich oder alternativ aus einem Material besteht, welches gegenüber dem jeweiligen Material der Gehäuseteile bei einer gegenüber Raum- temperatur erhöhten Temperatur eine höhere Festigkeit aufweist. Dies ist insbesondere bei Dampfturbinen, die hohen Drücken und Temperaturen über 500°, insbesondere über 550 bis 650 °C, ausgesetzt werden von besonderer Bedeutung. Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, daß innerhalb eines auch zur Ausrichtung von Gehäuseteilen zueinander dienenden Beilageelements einerseits eine Materialreduzierung bis zum Wert der zulässigen Druckspannung oder Oberflächen- Spannung möglich ist, da die zulässige Druckspannung innerhalb des Beilageelementes um ein mehrfaches höher ist als die zulässige Flächenpressung vom Beilageelement zum Gehäuseteil. Andererseits bewirkt eine solche, gezielte Materialreduzierung eines hinsichtlich der Abmessungen und des Materials entsprechend ausgelegten Beilagenelements eine Verminderung der das Beilageelement durchströmenden Wärmemenge, da diese durch den verbleibenden Restquerschnitt innerhalb des Beilageelements bestimmt wird. Somit entsteht quasi eine Isolierung, wobei für die Gehäuseteile der Dampfturbine keine neu- artigen Werkstoffe eingesetzt werden müssen. Bei einer hohen Temperatur von z. B. 580 °C des in die Dampfturbine einströmenden Dampfes* wird eine große Wärmemenge vom Innengehäuse über die jeweilige Stütze in das Außengehäuse übertragen. Sind das Innengehäuse aus warmfestem Stahlguß und das Außen- gehäuse aus Sphäroguß mit vergleichsweise geringer zulässiger Temperaturfestigkeit von maximal 350°C gefertigt, so wird durch das Beilageelement ein unzulässig hoher Wärmeübertrag vom Innengehäuse auf das Außengehäuse verhindert. Die Temperaturunterschiede zwischen Innengehäuse und Außengehäuse kön- nen etwa 200 bis 300 K betragen.The insert element is used to transmit power between the housing parts of the steam turbine, at least in the event that steam is applied to the steam turbine. It is also possible that the insert element additionally or alternatively consists of a material which has a higher strength than the respective material of the housing parts at a temperature which is higher than the room temperature. This is particularly important in the case of steam turbines which are exposed to high pressures and temperatures above 500 °, in particular above 550 to 650 ° C. The invention is based on the consideration that within a shim element also used to align housing parts to one another, material reduction up to the value of the permissible compressive stress or surface tension is possible, since the permissible compressive stress within the shim element is several times higher than that permissible surface pressure from the insert element to the housing part. On the other hand, such a targeted material reduction of an insert element designed in terms of the dimensions and the material results in a reduction in the amount of heat flowing through the insert element, since this is determined by the remaining cross-section within the insert element. This creates a kind of insulation, whereby no new materials have to be used for the housing parts of the steam turbine. At a high temperature of e.g. B. 580 ° C of the steam flowing into the steam turbine * a large amount of heat is transferred from the inner casing via the respective support into the outer casing. If the inner casing is made of heat-resistant cast steel and the outer casing is made of nodular cast iron with a comparatively low permissible temperature resistance of maximum 350 ° C, the insert element prevents an inadmissibly high heat transfer from the inner casing to the outer casing. The temperature differences between the inner housing and the outer housing can be around 200 to 300 K.
Das Beilageelement weist vorzugsweise zur Reduzierung des Querschnittes zwischen den beiden Auflageflächen querschnittsverringernde Öffnungen und/oder Hohlräume auf. Solche querschnittsverringernde Öffnungen können nachträglich, beispielsweise durch Bohren, Fräsen, Laserstrahlbehandlung und weiterer geeigneter Verfahren in das Beilageelement eingebracht werden. Das Beilageelement kann hierbei einstückig oder mehrstückig ausgeführt sein. In einer mehrstückigen Aus- führung können die genannten Öffnungen oder Hohlräume durch Vertiefungen, Schlitze, Mulden oder ähnlichem in miteinander in Verbindung zu bringenden Teilen des Beilagenelementes gebildet sein. Vorzugsweise weist bei einem solchen aus mehreren Teilen bestehenden Beilageelement jedes Teil Vertiefun- gen, insbesondere Rillen auf, welche bei einem Zusammenfügen der Teile durch Stege voneinander getrennte Kanäle bilden. Durch solche Kanäle kann Dampf oder ein ähnliches Kühlmedium zur Kühlung des Beilageelementes strömen.In order to reduce the cross section between the two contact surfaces, the insert element preferably has cross-sectional openings and / or cavities. Such cross-section-reducing openings can be made subsequently in the insert element, for example by drilling, milling, laser beam treatment and other suitable methods. The insert element can be made in one piece or in several pieces. In a multi-piece design, the openings or cavities mentioned can pass through Depressions, slots, troughs or the like can be formed in parts of the insert element which are to be connected to one another. In the case of such an insert element consisting of several parts, each part preferably has depressions, in particular grooves, which form channels which are separate from one another when the parts are joined together by webs. Steam or a similar cooling medium for cooling the insert element can flow through such channels.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung weist das zweckmäßigerweise quaderförmige Beilageelement eine Anzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten Durchgangsbohrungen auf. Dabei verlaufen die Durchgangsbohrungen vorteilhafterweise parallel zu den sich gegenüberliegenden Auflageflächen des Beilageelements und vorzugsweise quer zu dessen Längsrichtung. Die Durchgangsbohrungen sind somit zur Kühlung des Beilageelements durchströmbar, z. B. mittels eines zusätzlichen Kühlmedium oder allein durch Konvektion. Dies ist auch dann gewährleistet, wenn die Durchgangsbohrungen in Längsrichtung des Beilagenelements verlaufen. Dies ist z.B. dann zweckmäßig, wenn aufgrund derIn an advantageous embodiment, the expediently cuboidal insert element has a number of through holes arranged next to one another. The through bores advantageously run parallel to the opposite contact surfaces of the insert element and preferably transversely to its longitudinal direction. The through holes can thus be flowed through to cool the insert element, for. B. by means of an additional cooling medium or solely by convection. This is also ensured if the through holes run in the longitudinal direction of the insert element. This is e.g. then appropriate if due to the
Position oder Einbaulage des Beilageelements ein Durchströmen des Beilageelements in Längsrichtung gewünscht oder erforderlich ist.Position or installation position of the insert element, a flow through the insert element in the longitudinal direction is desired or required.
Das, insbesondere gebohrte, Beilagenelement eignet sich besonders für den Einsatz in einem Spiralgehäuse mit zwei gegenüberliegend angeordneten Drehmomentstützen, die zweckmäßigerweise aus sich gegenüberstehenden Tragpratzen eines Außengehäuses und eines Innengehäuses gebildet sind. Die Tragprat- zen sind dabei an der Innenseite des Außengehäuses bzw. an der Außenseite des Innengehäuses an dieses angeformt. Das Beilageelement kann vorteilhafterweise auch als Paßfeder oder Beilage zur Ausrichtung der Gehäuseteile zueinander verwendet werden. Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Darin zeigen:The, in particular drilled, insert element is particularly suitable for use in a spiral housing with two torque supports arranged opposite one another, which are expediently formed from mutually opposing supporting claws of an outer housing and an inner housing. The claws are molded on the inside of the outer housing or on the outside of the inner housing. The insert element can advantageously also be used as a feather key or an insert to align the housing parts with one another. An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing. In it show:
FIG 1 im Querschnitt ein Einströmgehäuse einer Dampftur- bine in Spiralbauweise mit zwei mit Beilageelementen versehenen Drehmomentstützen,1 shows in cross section an inflow housing of a steam turbine in a spiral construction with two torque supports provided with shim elements,
FIG 2 ein Ausschnitt II aus FIG 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab mit einem zwischen zwei Tragpratzen angeordneten Beilageelement, FIG 3 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein gebohrtes Beilageelement, und2 shows a detail II from FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale with an insert element arranged between two claws, FIG. 3 shows a drilled insert element in perspective view, and
FIG 4 in perspektivischer Darstellung ein zusammengesetztes Beilageelement4 shows in perspective a composite insert element
Einander entsprechende Teile sind in allen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.Corresponding parts are provided with the same reference symbols in all figures.
Das Einströmgehäuse 1 gemäß FIG 1 einer Dampfturbine 2 mit Spiraleinströmung weist zwei eine Turbinenschaufelanordnung jeweils etwa zur Hälfte umgreifende Strömungskanäle 3a und 3b auf, die jeweils einen Einlaß 4 bzw. 5 aufweisen. Das Einströmgehäuse 1 ist aus einem die Strömungskanäle 3a, 3b bildenden Innengehäuse 6 und einem dieses konzentrisch umgebenden Außengehäuse 7 aufgebaut. Das Innengehäuse 6 und das Au- ßengehäuse 7 sind jeweils aus einem Gehäuseoberteil 6a, 7a und einem Gehäuseunterteil 6b, 7b zusammengesetzt, die entlang derselben Trennfuge 8 mittels Flanschverbindungen 9 bzw. 10 miteinander verschraubt sind. Das Innengehäuse 6 ist gegenüber dem Außengehäuse 7 über zwei sich quer zur Trennfuge 8 gegenüberliegende und mit Beilageelementen 11 versehene Drehmomentstützen 12 abgestützt.The inflow housing 1 according to FIG. 1 of a steam turbine 2 with a spiral inflow has two flow channels 3a and 3b, each encompassing around a half of a turbine blade arrangement, each of which has an inlet 4 and 5, respectively. The inflow housing 1 is constructed from an inner housing 6 forming the flow channels 3a, 3b and an outer housing 7 concentrically surrounding it. The inner housing 6 and the outer housing 7 are each composed of an upper housing part 6a, 7a and a lower housing part 6b, 7b, which are screwed together along the same parting line 8 by means of flange connections 9 and 10, respectively. The inner housing 6 is supported in relation to the outer housing 7 by means of two torque supports 12 which lie opposite one another transversely to the joint 8 and are provided with insert elements 11.
FIG 2 zeigt eine derartige Drehmomentstütze 12 mit an das Innengehäuse 6 außenseitig und mit an das Außengehäuse 7 innen- seitig angeformter Tragpratze 13 bzw. 14. Die Tragpratzen 13, 14 bilden eine Stützauflage für das Innengehäuse 6 gegenüber dem ortsfest fixierten Außengehäuse 7, so daß ein beim Betrieb der Dampfturbine 2 auf das Innengehäuse 6 wirkendes Drehmoment über das Außengehäuse 7 in eine (nicht dargestell- te) Turbinenfixierung eingeleitet wird. Zwischen den sich mit Abstand gegenüberstehenden Tragpratzen 13 und 14 ist ein Auflagebereich 15 vorgesehen, in dem das in FIG 3 dargestellte Beilageelement 11 angeordnet ist.2 shows such a torque arm 12 with support claws 13 and 14 integrally molded onto the inner housing 6 on the outside and with support claws 13 and 14 formed on the inside of the outer housing 7. 14 form a support for the inner housing 6 with respect to the fixedly fixed outer housing 7, so that a torque acting on the inner housing 6 during operation of the steam turbine 2 is introduced via the outer housing 7 into a turbine fixation (not shown). A support area 15 is provided between the support claws 13 and 14, which are at a distance from one another, in which the insert element 11 shown in FIG. 3 is arranged.
Das Beilageelement 11 ist ein quaderförmiger Körper aus vorzugsweise warmfestem Stahl, z.B. aus hochlegiertem Chrom-Molybdän-Vanadium der Legierung X22CrMoV121. Bei einer für eine Dampftemperatur von 560 bis 580 °C und einen Dampfdruck von 180 bar (Frischdampfzustand) ausgelegten Dampfturbine 2 mit einer elektrischen Gesamtleistung von 350 MW beträgt dieThe insert element 11 is a cuboid body made of preferably heat-resistant steel, e.g. made of high-alloy chrome-molybdenum-vanadium of the alloy X22CrMoV121. With a steam turbine 2 designed for a steam temperature of 560 to 580 ° C. and a steam pressure of 180 bar (fresh steam state) with a total electrical output of 350 MW
Länge L des Beilagekörpers 11 etwa 240 mm. Die Breite B beträgt etwa 50 mm und die Höhe H beträgt etwa 100 mm. Das Beilageelement 11 weist zwei sich gegenüberliegende Auflageflächen 16,17 auf, die bei Einsatz in den Auflagebereich 15 an den korrespondierenden Auflageflächen der Tragpratzen 13 bzw. 14 anliegen. Das Beilageelement 11 weist weiter zwei gegenüberliegende Stirnflächen 18,19 auf, von denen die Stirnfläche 18 in FIG 2 sichtbar ist. Das Beilageelement 11 weist ferner ebenfalls gegenüberliegende Längsflächen auf, von de- nen in FIG 3 lediglich die obere Längsfläche 20 sichtbar ist.Length L of the insert body 11 about 240 mm. The width B is approximately 50 mm and the height H is approximately 100 mm. The insert element 11 has two opposing support surfaces 16, 17 which, when used in the support region 15, bear against the corresponding support surfaces of the claws 13 and 14, respectively. The insert element 11 further has two opposite end faces 18, 19, of which the end face 18 is visible in FIG. 2. The insert element 11 also has opposite longitudinal surfaces, of which only the upper longitudinal surface 20 is visible in FIG. 3.
Das Beilageelement 1 weist sechs Durchgangsbohrungen 21 als Bohrungsöffnungen auf, die im Ausführungsbeispiel parallel zu den Auflageflächen 16,17 und quer zur Längsrichtung, d.h. die Durchströmflächen 20 durchsetzend, verlaufen. Durch eine derartige Anordung der Durchgangsbohrungen 21 kann sich im Zwischenraum 22 zwischen dem Innengehäuse 6 und dem Außengehäuse 7 eine entlang der Strömungslinie 23 verlaufende Strömung einstellen (FIG 2) . Alternativ können die Durchgangsbohrun- gen 21 auch parallel zur Längsfläche 20 verlaufen und dabei die Stirnflächen 18,19 durchsetzen.The insert element 1 has six through bores 21 as bore openings which, in the exemplary embodiment, run parallel to the bearing surfaces 16, 17 and transversely to the longitudinal direction, that is to say passing through the throughflow surfaces 20. By arranging the through bores 21 in this way, a flow running along the flow line 23 can be established in the intermediate space 22 between the inner housing 6 and the outer housing 7 (FIG. 2). Alternatively, the through holes gen 21 also run parallel to the longitudinal surface 20 and thereby penetrate the end faces 18,19.
Die Stegbreite dl zwischen benachbarten Durchgangsbohrun- gen 21 beträgt etwa 10 mm, während die Stegbreite d2 im Randbereich jeweils etwa 5 mm beträgt. Dabei sind die Abmessungen L,B,H bei einem aus Chrom-Molybdän-Vanadium mit der Legierung X22CrMoV121 gefertigten Beilageelement 11 für eine zulässige Flächenpressung von 65 N/mm2 bemessen. Innerhalb des Werkstoffkörpers, d.h. innerhalb des Beilageelements 11, ist dann eine Druckspannung von 300 bis 400 N/mm2 zulässig. Die Anzahl der Durchgangsbohrungen 21 sowie deren Bohrungsdurchmesser d3 und die Stegbreiten dl,d2 sind daher derart bemessen, daß der verbleibende Restquerschnitt in den Zwi- schenstegen 24 zwischen den Durchgangsbohrungen 21 und in den beiden Randstegen 25 bis zur zulässigen Druckspannung ausgenutzt sind.The web width d1 between adjacent through bores 21 is approximately 10 mm, while the web width d2 in the edge region is in each case approximately 5 mm. The dimensions L, W, H for an insert element 11 made of chrome-molybdenum-vanadium with the alloy X22CrMoV121 are dimensioned for a permissible surface pressure of 65 N / mm 2 . A compressive stress of 300 to 400 N / mm 2 is then permissible within the material body, ie within the insert element 11. The number of through bores 21 and their bore diameter d3 and the web widths dl, d2 are therefore dimensioned such that the remaining cross section in the intermediate webs 24 between the through bores 21 and in the two edge webs 25 is used up to the permissible compressive stress.
Für die Wärmeübertragung vom Innengehäuse 6 auf das Außenge- häuse 7 stehen somit lediglich die Stege 24,25 zur Verfügung, so daß die das Beilageelement 11 durchfließende Wärmemenge gegenüber einem Vollmaterial gleicher Größe entsprechend reduziert ist. Dabei dient das Beilageelement 11 auch zur Ausrichtung des Innengehäuses 6 gegenüber dem Außengehäuse 7, insbesondere zum Ausgleich eines infolge von Fertigungstoleranzen auftretenden Spiels im Auflagebereich 15 zwischen den beiden Tragpratzen 13 und 14.Only the webs 24, 25 are thus available for the heat transfer from the inner housing 6 to the outer housing 7, so that the amount of heat flowing through the insert element 11 is correspondingly reduced compared to a solid material of the same size. In this case, the insert element 11 also serves to align the inner housing 6 with the outer housing 7, in particular to compensate for a play occurring as a result of manufacturing tolerances in the support area 15 between the two claws 13 and 14.
In Figur 4 ist in einer perspektivischen Darstellung ein aus zwei Teilelementen 31 und 32 zusammengesetztes Beilageelement 11 dargestellt. Das Beilageelement 11 entspricht nach dem Zusammensetzen der beiden Teilelemente 31 und 32 von seiner Bauform her dem bereits in Figur 3 beschriebenen Beilageelement 11. Hinsichtlich Wirkung und Vorteile wird daher auf die Beschreibung zur Figur 3 verwiesen. Die Teilelemente 31 und 32 weisen jeweils rinnenförmige Vertiefungen mit einem halbkreisförmigen Querschnitt auf, so daß bei einem Zusammensetzen der Teilelemente 31 und 32 Kanäle mit kreisförmigem Querschnitt und einem Durchmesser D3 analog zu den Durchgangsboh- rungen 21 gebildet sind. Es ist ebenfalls möglich in jedes Teilelement 31 und 32 zusätzlich oder alternativ halbkugelförmige oder ähnliche Vertiefungen einzubringen, durch die beim Zusammensetzen der Teilelemente 31 und 32 Hohlräume, beispielsweise in Kugelform, gebildet sind. Mit all diesen Ausgestaltungen wird erreicht, daß die Querschnittsfläche zwischen den Auflageflächen 16 und 17 reduziert ist, so daß für einen Wärmeübertrag durch das Beilageelement 11 hindurch ein verringerter Querschnitt zur Verfügung steht. Das Beilageelement 11 bewirkt somit eine thermische Isolierung des Außengehäuses 7 gegenüber dem Innengehäuse 6 der Dampfturbine 2. Wird zusätzlich durch die Durchgangsbohrungen 21 ein Kühlmedium 23 geführt, so erfolgt eine weitere Reduzierung des Wärmeübertrages zwischen Innengehäuse 6 und Außengehäuse 7 der Dampfturbine. In FIG. 4, an insert element 11 composed of two sub-elements 31 and 32 is shown in a perspective view. The insert element 11 corresponds after the assembly of the two sub-elements 31 and 32 in terms of its construction to the insert element 11 already described in FIG. 3. With regard to effect and advantages, reference is therefore made to the description of FIG. 3. The sub-elements 31 and 32 each have groove-shaped depressions with a semicircular cross section, so that when the partial elements 31 and 32 are assembled, channels with a circular cross section and a diameter D3 are formed analogously to the through holes 21. It is also possible, additionally or alternatively, to introduce hemispherical or similar depressions into each partial element 31 and 32, through which cavities, for example in the form of spheres, are formed when the partial elements 31 and 32 are assembled. With all these configurations it is achieved that the cross-sectional area between the contact surfaces 16 and 17 is reduced, so that a reduced cross-section is available for heat transfer through the insert element 11. The insert element 11 thus brings about a thermal insulation of the outer casing 7 with respect to the inner casing 6 of the steam turbine 2. If a cooling medium 23 is additionally passed through the through holes 21, the heat transfer between the inner casing 6 and the outer casing 7 of the steam turbine is further reduced.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Vorrichtung zur Wärmeisolierung zwischen Gehäuseteilen (6,7) einer Dampfturbine (2), g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h ein in einen Auflagebereich (15) sich gegenüberstehender Stützauflagen (13,14) der Gehäuseteile (6,7) einlegbares Beilageelement (11), wobei das Beilageelement (11) jeweils eine einer Stützauflage (13,14) zugewandte Auflagefläche (16,17) aufweist und zwi- sehen den Auflagenflachen (16,17) in seinem Querschnitt reduziert ist sowie der Kraftübertragung zwischen den Gehäuseteilen (6,7) bei Dampfbeaufschlagung der Dampfturbine (2) dient.1. Device for heat insulation between housing parts (6, 7) of a steam turbine (2), characterized by an insert element (11) which can be inserted into a support area (15) of opposing support supports (13, 14) of the housing parts (6, 7), the insert element (11) each has a support surface (13, 14) facing the support surface (16, 17) and between the support surfaces (16, 17) is reduced in cross-section and the transmission of force between the housing parts (6, 7) when steam is applied Steam turbine (2) is used.
2. Vorrichtung zur Wärmeisolierung zwischen Gehäuseteilen (6,7) einer Dampfturbine (2), g e k e n n z e i c h n e t d u r c h ein in einen Auflagebereich (15) sich gegenüberstehender Stützauflagen (13,14) der Gehäuseteile (6,7) einlegbares Beilageelement (11), wobei das Beilageelement (11) jeweils eine einer Stützauflage (13,14) zugewandte Auflagefläche (16,17) aufweist und zwischen den Auflagenflachen (16,17) in seinem Querschnitt reduziert ist sowie aus einem Material besteht, welches gegenüber dem jeweiligen Material der Gehäuseteilen (6,7) bei einer gegenüber Raumtemperatur erhöhten Temperatur eine höhere Fe- stigkeit aufweist.2. Device for heat insulation between housing parts (6, 7) of a steam turbine (2), characterized by an insert element (11) which can be inserted into a support region (15) of opposing support supports (13, 14) of the housing parts (6, 7), the insert element (11) each have a support surface (16, 17) facing a support surface (16, 17) and its cross-section is reduced between the support surfaces (16, 17) and consists of a material which is different from the respective material of the housing parts (6, 7) has a higher strength at a higher temperature than room temperature.
3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Beilageelement (11) eine Anzahl von querschnittsverringernden Öff- nungen (21) und/oder Hohlräumen aufweist.3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, so that the insert element (11) has a number of cross-sectional openings (21) and / or cavities.
4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Beilageelement (11) Bohrungsöffnungen (21) aufweist. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the insert element (11) has bore openings (21).
5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4,5. The device according to claim 3 or 4,
.d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Beilageelement (11) eine Anzahl von parallel zu dessen Auflagefläche (16,17) angeordnete Durchgangsbohrungen (21) aufweist.that the shim element (11) has a number of through bores (21) arranged parallel to its support surface (16, 17).
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Beilageelement (11) aus warmfestem Stahl, z. B. der Legierung X22CrMoV121, besteht.6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the insert element (11) made of heat-resistant steel, for. B. the alloy X22CrMoV121 exists.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß das Beilageelement (11) in einem Spiralgehäuse (1) zwischen sich gegenüberstehenden Tragpratzen (13,14) eines Außengehäuses (7) und eines Innengehäuses (6) angeordnet ist.7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the insert element (11) is arranged in a spiral housing (1) between opposing support claws (13, 14) of an outer housing (7) and an inner housing (6).
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß die Stützauflage eine an das jeweilige Gehäuseteil (6,7) ange- formte Tragpratze (13,14) ist.8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the support pad is a on the respective housing part (6,7) molded claw (13,14).
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t, daß der, insbesondere in einer Anzahl von Stegen (24,25) zwischen den Boh- rungsöffnungen (21) verbleibende Restquerschnitt, für die Aufnahme der zulässigen Druckspannung des Beilageelements (11) ausgelegt ist. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, d a d u r c h g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that the, in particular in a number of webs (24, 25) remaining between the bore openings (21) remaining cross-section is designed for receiving the permissible compressive stress of the insert element (11).
EP98931958A 1997-04-28 1998-04-21 Heat insulation device for a steam turbine Expired - Lifetime EP0979347B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19717962 1997-04-28
DE19717962 1997-04-28
PCT/DE1998/001104 WO1998049427A1 (en) 1997-04-28 1998-04-21 Heat insulation device for a steam turbine

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EP0979347A1 true EP0979347A1 (en) 2000-02-16
EP0979347B1 EP0979347B1 (en) 2002-06-26

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EP (1) EP0979347B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4046774B2 (en)
KR (1) KR20010012125A (en)
CN (1) CN1268834C (en)
AT (1) ATE219817T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59804590D1 (en)
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CN1252853A (en) 2000-05-10
EP0979347B1 (en) 2002-06-26
JP4046774B2 (en) 2008-02-13
JP2001522428A (en) 2001-11-13
ATE219817T1 (en) 2002-07-15
KR20010012125A (en) 2001-02-15
US6171053B1 (en) 2001-01-09
WO1998049427A1 (en) 1998-11-05
DE59804590D1 (en) 2002-08-01
CN1268834C (en) 2006-08-09

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