EP0975436B1 - Method for coating - Google Patents

Method for coating Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0975436B1
EP0975436B1 EP98917884A EP98917884A EP0975436B1 EP 0975436 B1 EP0975436 B1 EP 0975436B1 EP 98917884 A EP98917884 A EP 98917884A EP 98917884 A EP98917884 A EP 98917884A EP 0975436 B1 EP0975436 B1 EP 0975436B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
coating
adhesive
section
additive material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98917884A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0975436A1 (en
Inventor
Per Obrelius
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Applied Composites AB
Original Assignee
Applied Composites AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Applied Composites AB filed Critical Applied Composites AB
Publication of EP0975436A1 publication Critical patent/EP0975436A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0975436B1 publication Critical patent/EP0975436B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/02—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/08—Flame spraying
    • B05D1/10—Applying particulate materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of coating at least one section of the surface of a plastic or composite part by means of thermal spraying with an additive material, as indicated in the pre-characterising clause of claim 1.
  • Coating metal parts by thermal spraying with an additive material in the form, for example, of a second metallic material or ceramics is already known.
  • an additive material in the form, for example, of a second metallic material or ceramics.
  • the surface of the metal part to be coated in this way is usually pre-treated by blasting.
  • the additive material is then sprayed on to the surface of the blasted part.
  • the additive material, after spraying, is supposed to shrink as it is cooled by the surface and adheres in the small irregularities that are created by the blasting.
  • the method described above does not function satisfactorily, however, when seeking to coat the above-mentioned plastic or composite parts with additive material by means of thermal spraying.
  • the thermal conductivity of plastic or composite materials is generally too low for the coating material to shrink tight with sufficient speed.
  • Plastic or composite materials furthermore tend to shrink somewhat on heating, which is also not conducive to good adhesion. If a composite surface is pre-treated by blasting, this can also lead to damage to the outermost layer of fibres in the composite, which adversely affects the surface strength.
  • EP 514640 relates to a method for coating a fibre reinforced plastic body.
  • a material is added in form of small particles to the surface of the fibre reinforced plastic body directed to the thermal spray layer applied later, which material is capable of chemically set to the material serving as thermal coating material.
  • the surface of the body to be coated is treated, before the thermal spraying, in such a way that bare clean surfaces are achieved, which improve the adhesive capacity of the layers.
  • a coating is produced on at least one section of the surface of a plastic or composite part, as indicated by claim 1, which exhibits the advantages described below compared to coatings that are produced by known methods.
  • plastic or composite parts can be produced with coatings of various additive materials, such as ceramics, metal oxides, metals, metal alloys or plastics, the adhesion of which to the part is very good.
  • the method according to the invention permits many new spheres of application for plastic and composite parts; for example composite parts can hereby be coated with titanium, for which there may be a number of medical applications.
  • Figure 1 illustrates the pre-treatment of a section of the surface 2 of a part 1 made from a composite material.
  • the part surface 2 in question is first degreased, for example with acetone.
  • the surface 2 is then lightly sanded with a fine sandpaper or abrasive nylon 3 in order to remove irregularities and to roughen the surface slightly. Finally the surface is degreased and dried again.
  • Figure 2 shows how a layer 4 of a thermosetting adhesive, here in the form of an adhesive film, is applied to the surface 2 pre-treated according to figure 1.
  • a layer 4 of a thermosetting adhesive here in the form of an adhesive film
  • it is important to ensure that no contaminating substance is allowed to come into contact with the pre-treated surface 2 or the adhesive.
  • the adhesive in the form of a film as shown in figure 2, it may be applied, for example, by spraying or by applying it with a brush.
  • Several different types of adhesive are conceivable, for example epoxy adhesive, acrylic adhesive, urethane adhesive or phenolic plastic-based adhesive.
  • Figure 3 shows how the layer of thermosetting adhesive 4 is heated by means of a hot air gun 5 to a temperature approaching the gel point of the adhesive. This gives the adhesive layer 4 a very good adhesive capacity.
  • the adhesive layer 4 can obviously be heated in other ways different from that illustrated in figure 3, for example in an oven or the like.
  • Figure 4 shows how the pre-treated surface 2 provided with the adhesive layer 4 is coated with a layer 6 of an additive material by thermal spraying, for example by flame spraying.
  • This additive material may be any of the following, for example: a ceramic; metal oxide; metal; metal alloy or plastic.
  • the temperature of the sprayed material can be adjusted by the choice of spraying method. Conceivable methods of spraying in addition to flame spraying include, for example, electric arc spraying, plasma spraying or detonation spraying.
  • the application temperature may be varied from approximately 50°C to several hundred degrees Celsius by the use of different spraying methods and additive materials.
  • the application temperature and method of application are adapted to the adhesive used, its gelling and setting temperature, or vice versa.
  • the adhesive is selected having regard to the additive material and the application temperature in order to achieve the best possible strength and surface layer quality for the coating 6.
  • Figure 5 shows how the part 1, after coating has been carried out, is placed in an oven 7 or the like for heating up to the setting temperature of the adhesive layer 4, so that this is made to set, which means that an excellent adhesive bond is obtained between the surface coating 6 and the composite material. Due to the fact that the adhesive layer 4, before coating, is heated to a temperature approaching its gel point, as in figure 3, the time taken for this stage of the method is minimised since only a certain further heating is required.
  • Figure 6 shows the finished part 1 after it has been coated with a layer 6 of an additive material and the adhesive layer 4 has been set by the method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention has given the part 1 a good surface coating 6, which for certain applications can be further improved by sealing it with phenolic resin-based paint when it has cooled to room temperature. This can prevent the adhesive from absorbing moisture, for example, which may adversely affect the adhesive bond.
  • the phenolic resin-based paint can give the surface a certain added protection, for example if the latter is to be exposed to high temperatures.

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of coating at least one section of the surface (2) of a plastic or composite part with a layer (6) of an additive material. That section of the surface (2) of the part that is to be coated is pre-treated by degreasing, evening out, roughening, degreasing and drying in that order. A layer (4) of a thermosetting adhesive is then applied to the said section of the surface (2) of the part. Before coating is carried out, the adhesive layer (4) is heated to a temperature approaching its gel point. The surface is then coated by thermal spraying with a layer (6) of an additive material. After coating, the part (1) is heated to the setting temperature of the adhesive layer, causing this to set. The invention also relates to a product (1) of a plastic or composite material manufactured by the method in which at least one section of its surface (2) is coated with a layer (6) of an additive material.

Description

The present invention relates to a method of coating at least one section of the surface of a plastic or composite part by means of thermal spraying with an additive material, as indicated in the pre-characterising clause of claim 1.
Coating metal parts by thermal spraying with an additive material in the form, for example, of a second metallic material or ceramics is already known. In this way modified surface characteristics can be achieved which allows the parts to be used in spheres of application that would otherwise be out of the question. The surface of the metal part to be coated in this way is usually pre-treated by blasting. The additive material is then sprayed on to the surface of the blasted part. The additive material, after spraying, is supposed to shrink as it is cooled by the surface and adheres in the small irregularities that are created by the blasting.
The method described above does not function satisfactorily, however, when seeking to coat the above-mentioned plastic or composite parts with additive material by means of thermal spraying. The thermal conductivity of plastic or composite materials is generally too low for the coating material to shrink tight with sufficient speed. Plastic or composite materials furthermore tend to shrink somewhat on heating, which is also not conducive to good adhesion. If a composite surface is pre-treated by blasting, this can also lead to damage to the outermost layer of fibres in the composite, which adversely affects the surface strength.
EP 514640 relates to a method for coating a fibre reinforced plastic body. In order to apply by means of a thermo-spray method an adhering, resistant metallic or ceramic coating on bodies consisting of a plastic matrix and reinforcing fibres a material is added in form of small particles to the surface of the fibre reinforced plastic body directed to the thermal spray layer applied later, which material is capable of chemically set to the material serving as thermal coating material. The surface of the body to be coated is treated, before the thermal spraying, in such a way that bare clean surfaces are achieved, which improve the adhesive capacity of the layers.
In one embodiment of a method according to the present invention, a coating is produced on at least one section of the surface of a plastic or composite part, as indicated by claim 1, which exhibits the advantages described below compared to coatings that are produced by known methods.
The method according to the invention and the products produced thereby have several advantages:
By means of the method according to the invention, plastic or composite parts can be produced with coatings of various additive materials, such as ceramics, metal oxides, metals, metal alloys or plastics, the adhesion of which to the part is very good.
Using the method according to the invention to treat a surface of a composite part avoids damage to the outermost layer of fibres and impairment of the surface strength resulting from this.
The method according to the invention permits many new spheres of application for plastic and composite parts; for example composite parts can hereby be coated with titanium, for which there may be a number of medical applications.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of an example of an embodiment of the method according to the invention and the product produced thereby and with reference to the drawings attached in which:
Fig. 1.
shows the pre-treatment of a section of the surface of a part that is to be coated.
Fig 2.
shows a layer of a thermosetting adhesive being applied to a section of the surface of the part that was pre-treated according to fig. 1.
Fig 3.
shows the thermosetting adhesive that was applied in fig. 2 being heated to a temperature approaching the gel point of the adhesive.
Fig 4.
shows the surface provided with the layer of thermosetting adhesive being coated by thermal spraying of an additive material.
Fig 5.
shows the part being placed in an oven, after coating according to fig. 4 and before heating to the setting temperature of the adhesive layer.
Fig 6.
shows the finished part after coating with an additive material and setting of the adhesive layer have been carried out.
Figure 1 illustrates the pre-treatment of a section of the surface 2 of a part 1 made from a composite material. The part surface 2 in question is first degreased, for example with acetone. The surface 2 is then lightly sanded with a fine sandpaper or abrasive nylon 3 in order to remove irregularities and to roughen the surface slightly. Finally the surface is degreased and dried again.
Figure 2 shows how a layer 4 of a thermosetting adhesive, here in the form of an adhesive film, is applied to the surface 2 pre-treated according to figure 1. In applying the adhesive film it is important to ensure that no contaminating substance is allowed to come into contact with the pre-treated surface 2 or the adhesive. Instead of applying the adhesive in the form of a film, as shown in figure 2, it may be applied, for example, by spraying or by applying it with a brush. Several different types of adhesive are conceivable, for example epoxy adhesive, acrylic adhesive, urethane adhesive or phenolic plastic-based adhesive.
Figure 3 shows how the layer of thermosetting adhesive 4 is heated by means of a hot air gun 5 to a temperature approaching the gel point of the adhesive. This gives the adhesive layer 4 a very good adhesive capacity. The adhesive layer 4 can obviously be heated in other ways different from that illustrated in figure 3, for example in an oven or the like.
Figure 4 shows how the pre-treated surface 2 provided with the adhesive layer 4 is coated with a layer 6 of an additive material by thermal spraying, for example by flame spraying. This additive material may be any of the following, for example: a ceramic; metal oxide; metal; metal alloy or plastic. The temperature of the sprayed material can be adjusted by the choice of spraying method. Conceivable methods of spraying in addition to flame spraying include, for example, electric arc spraying, plasma spraying or detonation spraying. The application temperature may be varied from approximately 50°C to several hundred degrees Celsius by the use of different spraying methods and additive materials. The application temperature and method of application are adapted to the adhesive used, its gelling and setting temperature, or vice versa. The adhesive is selected having regard to the additive material and the application temperature in order to achieve the best possible strength and surface layer quality for the coating 6.
Figure 5 shows how the part 1, after coating has been carried out, is placed in an oven 7 or the like for heating up to the setting temperature of the adhesive layer 4, so that this is made to set, which means that an excellent adhesive bond is obtained between the surface coating 6 and the composite material. Due to the fact that the adhesive layer 4, before coating, is heated to a temperature approaching its gel point, as in figure 3, the time taken for this stage of the method is minimised since only a certain further heating is required.
Figure 6 shows the finished part 1 after it has been coated with a layer 6 of an additive material and the adhesive layer 4 has been set by the method according to the invention.
The method according to the invention has given the part 1 a good surface coating 6, which for certain applications can be further improved by sealing it with phenolic resin-based paint when it has cooled to room temperature. This can prevent the adhesive from absorbing moisture, for example, which may adversely affect the adhesive bond.
In addition the phenolic resin-based paint can give the surface a certain added protection, for example if the latter is to be exposed to high temperatures.
It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that the method according to the invention is not confined to the embodiment described above, but rather can lend itself to modifications within the framework of the following claims. After a first coating layer has been applied and set by the method according to the invention, for example, further layers of different materials can be applied on top of this by means of thermal spraying, without the need here to apply any adhesive film.

Claims (2)

  1. Method of coating at least one section of the surface (2) of a plastic or composite part by thermal spraying with a layer (6) of an additive material, wherein before coating with the additive material is carried out a layer (4) of a thermosetting adhesive is applied to the said section of the surface (2) of the part and characterised in that the part (1), after coating, is heated to the setting temperature of the adhesive layer (4), thereby causing it to set.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that before coating is carried out the thermosetting adhesive layer (4) is heated to a temperature approaching its gel point,
EP98917884A 1997-04-14 1998-04-14 Method for coating Expired - Lifetime EP0975436B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9701363 1997-04-14
SE9701363A SE511775C2 (en) 1997-04-14 1997-04-14 Process for thermal spraying of a surface with an additive and product prepared according to the process
PCT/SE1998/000670 WO1998046369A1 (en) 1997-04-14 1998-04-14 Method for coating and product produced in accordance with said method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0975436A1 EP0975436A1 (en) 2000-02-02
EP0975436B1 true EP0975436B1 (en) 2002-02-06

Family

ID=20406546

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98917884A Expired - Lifetime EP0975436B1 (en) 1997-04-14 1998-04-14 Method for coating

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0975436B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE212879T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69803753T2 (en)
SE (1) SE511775C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998046369A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE524686C2 (en) * 2002-03-20 2004-09-14 Chelton Applied Composites Ab Method of applying a cover layer to the surface of a plastic or composite piece

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4246294A (en) * 1978-01-26 1981-01-20 Solar Suede Corporation Method for depositing flock fibers
US4239827A (en) * 1979-01-15 1980-12-16 Union Carbide Corporation Flame-sprayed thermoplastic substrate is coated with an adhesive layer which bonds particles of an adsorbent like carbon to the substrate
SE502759C2 (en) * 1994-03-06 1996-01-08 Seal Flock Ab Method and apparatus for applying fibers by means of friction charging

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1998046369A1 (en) 1998-10-22
SE511775C2 (en) 1999-11-22
ATE212879T1 (en) 2002-02-15
DE69803753T2 (en) 2002-09-26
EP0975436A1 (en) 2000-02-02
DE69803753D1 (en) 2002-03-21
SE9701363L (en) 1998-10-15
SE9701363D0 (en) 1997-04-14

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