EP0973996B1 - Verfahren und gerät zur bohrlochüberwachung - Google Patents

Verfahren und gerät zur bohrlochüberwachung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0973996B1
EP0973996B1 EP98922712A EP98922712A EP0973996B1 EP 0973996 B1 EP0973996 B1 EP 0973996B1 EP 98922712 A EP98922712 A EP 98922712A EP 98922712 A EP98922712 A EP 98922712A EP 0973996 B1 EP0973996 B1 EP 0973996B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
wellbore
fluid
well
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98922712A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0973996A1 (de
Inventor
Johannis Josephus Den Boer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Priority to EP98922712A priority Critical patent/EP0973996B1/de
Publication of EP0973996A1 publication Critical patent/EP0973996A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/08—Obtaining fluid samples or testing fluids, in boreholes or wells
    • E21B49/087—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters
    • E21B49/088—Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters combined with sampling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level
    • E21B47/047—Liquid level
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/10—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements
    • E21B47/113—Locating fluid leaks, intrusions or movements using electrical indications; using light radiations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and device for downhole monitoring of physical characteristics of fluids.
  • the invention relates to a method and device for monitoring physical characteristics of fluids in the pore spaces of an underground formation surrounding a wellbore.
  • Fluid composition monitoring is useful in reservoir formations where water or gas coning occurs around the well or wells through which crude oil is produced. In such reservoir formations it is therefore particularly relevant to continuously monitor the location(s) of the oil, gas and/or water interfaces at a variety of downhole locations.
  • French patent application No. 7825396 discloses an annular pressure sensor that can be mounted on a drillstring to measure the fluid pressure in the borehole surrounding the drillstring during drilling operations.
  • US patent specification No. 2,564,198 discloses a method wherein the inflow section of producing well is divided into a number of subsections by a removable well testing apparatus, which is equipped with a series of expandable packers.
  • composition of the fluid that flows into each subsection is monitored by a fluid identifier unit which may measure the electrical conductivity of the produced fluid.
  • US patent specification No. 5,132,903 discloses a method wherein a removable measuring sonde is lowered into the inflow region of an oil production well and a pad can be forced against the borehole wall to provide a sealed chamber from which fluid is evacuated by a pump and the properties of the thus withdrawn pore fluid(s) are measured.
  • This known method allows determination of the oil/water concentrations on the basis of a measurement of the dielectric properties of the produced fluids.
  • Other dielectric well logging devices are disclosed in US patent specifications Nos. 2,973,477 and 4,677,386, German patent specification 2621142 and European patent specification 0111353.
  • a disadvantage of the known monitoring techniques is that use is made of measuring equipment which is temporarily lowered into the wells to perform the measurements and that these methods primarily measure characteristics of fluids that are flowing into the well.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a method and device which enable a continuous downhole measurement of in-situ characteristics of the fluids in the pore spaces of the formation surrounding the wellbore.
  • Further objects of the present invention are to provide a downhole fluid monitoring method which can be carried out by means of a measuring device which can be easily installed at any location within a wellbore in such a way that it does not obstruct access to and/or production from lower parts of the well and which can be easily removed or replaced.
  • the method according to the invention comprises creating in the wellbore a measuring chamber which is in fluid communication with the pore spaces of the formation but which is hydraulically isolated from the rest of the wellbore, thereby creating a body of substantially stagnant fluid in the chamber and measuring physical characteristics of the fluid in the chamber by means of a string of capacitive sensors which are permanently arranged in the chamber and are axially spaced with respect to a longitudinal axis of the wellbore and are connected to fluid level monitoring equipment which is adapted to identify the presence and location of an interface between different fluids, such as water, crude oil and/or natural gas in the region of the string of sensors.
  • the measuring chamber is an annular chamber which is isolated from the rest of the wellbore by means of a fluid tight sleeve and a pair of axially spaced packers that are arranged between the sleeve and an inner surface of the wellbore.
  • the fluid monitoring device comprises a sleeve for creating in the wellbore measuring chamber which, when in use, is in fluid communication with the pore spaces of the formation but which is hydraulically isolated by the sleeve and packers mounted on the sleeve from the rest of the wellbore thereby creating a body of substantially stagnant fluid in the chamber, and a string of axially spaced capacitive sensors that are mounted within the chamber for measuring physical characteristics of the fluid inside the chamber.
  • Fig. 1 there is shown a production well 1 via which natural gas (referred to as CH4 in the drawings) is produced.
  • CH4 natural gas
  • H20 cone 2 of water
  • a downhole monitoring device 4 is installed in the well 1.
  • the monitoring device comprises a tubular sleeve 5 which is equipped with a pair of packers 6.
  • the packers are expanded once the sleeve 5 has been lowered to the location where the measurements are to be made to seal off the upper and lower ends of the annular space between the sleeve 5 and a well casing 7, thereby forming an annular measuring chamber 8 which is hydraulically isolated from the rest of the wellbore.
  • the well casing 7 Before installation of the device 4 the well casing 7 has been provided with perforations 9 via which the fluid in the pores of the reservoir formation 3 surrounding the device 4 is given free access to the measuring chamber 8.
  • the fluid in the chamber 8 is substantially stagnant and an equilibrium is established between the gas/water (CH4/H2O) interface 10 in the measuring chamber 8 and the gas/water interface in the surrounding reservoir formation 3.
  • the gas/water or other fluid interface in the reservoir formation 3 surrounding the well 1 can be monitored from inside of the measuring chamber 8 using an array of capacitor sensors 11 that are embedded in, or mounted on, the outer surface of the sleeve 5.
  • Fig. 3 shows at a further enlarged scale the array of capacitor sensors 11 and illustrates the variation of dielectric constants measured at the gas/water interface 10. Since the dielectric constant of water is about 80 times larger than the dielectric constant of natural gas a high resolution of the device as an interface monitor is possible.
  • Capacitor sensors 11 are known in the art and are being used for interface detection in e.g. storage tanks and will therefore not be described in detail. The use of capacitor sensors 11 requires simple, non-sensitive electronics downhole and needs but low electrical power.
  • the vertical resolution that can be achieved with this type of sensors is in the order of a few mm.
  • the data transfer from and power supply to the monitoring device 4 is performed by an inductive coupler 12 installed on a production or other tubing 13 at a location adjacent to the device 4.
  • the inductive coupler 12 is connected to surface electronics (not shown) through an electrical cable 14.
  • the production tubing 13 can be used to install the inductive coupler 12 and to clamp on the electrical cable 14. If the device 4 is to be installed below the lowermost casing-tubing packer (not shown) a tail pipe or other well tubular may be used for this purpose.
  • a cable-less communication system such as an acoustic system or a system that uses the tubing as an antenna may be used for the data transfer from and power supply to the monitoring device 4.
  • the device 4 can therefore be easily installed in both existing and new wells for permanent downhole use.
  • the device can also be equipped with other sensors for measuring physical characteristics of the pore fluids, such as pressure and temperature.
  • the monitoring device 4 offers high installation flexibility and is but a small obstruction in the wellbore. Due to its tubular design free access to the wellbore below the device 4 is provided. This also allows the use of several monitoring devices 4 at various depths in a single well 1, e.g. to monitor the fluid interfaces of stacked reservoirs and/or to monitor the oil/water interface below, and the oil/gas interface above, an oil bearing reservoir formation. In reservoirs where steam or other fluid injection takes place the device 4 may be used to monitor a breakthrough of steam or another injection fluid into the production well 1.
  • Fig. 4 shows a vertical production well 20 in which a monitoring device 21 which is similar to the device 4 of Figs. 1-3 is mounted.
  • a monitoring device 21 which is similar to the device 4 of Figs. 1-3 is mounted.
  • three slimhole side-track wells 22 have been drilled into the reservoir formation 23.
  • Each side-track well 22 is equipped with a monitoring device 24 which is shown at an enlarged scale in Fig. 5.
  • the device 24 comprises a tubular sleeve 25 which is equipped with a pair of expandable packers 26 that are pressed against the formation surrounding the wellbore of the side track well 22.
  • annular measuring chamber 27 is formed around the sleeve 25 and between the packers 26 to which chamber 27 pore fluids from the surrounding formation have free access but which chamber is hydraulically isolated from the rest of the wellbore.
  • the outer surface of the sleeve 25 is equipped with an array of capacitor and/or other sensors (not shown) which operate in the same manner as described with reference to Figs. 1-3.
  • the array of sensors is connected to means for displaying the measured fluid characteristics at the surface (not shown) by means of one or more electrical or optical signal transmission cables 28.
  • the well and sensor configuration shown in Figs. 4 and 5 is suitable for monitoring the gas/water (CH4/H2O) interface at various locations in and at various distances away from the gas production well 20 which allows an adequate mapping of the variations of the gas/water interface throughout the reservoir formation 23 as a result of water coning or other reservoir depletion effects.
  • CH4/H2O gas/water
  • Fig. 6 shows a schematic vertical sectional view of a horizontal oil production well 30 which extends through an oil bearing reservoir formation 31.
  • a pair of parallel faults 34 exist in the reservoir and surrounding formations and as a result of variations in the fluid flow conditions the oil/water and gas/oil interfaces are different at each side of each fault 34.
  • Each side-track well 35 is equipped with an elongate monitoring device 36 of the same type as described in detail with reference to Fig. 5 and the other parts of the side-track wells 35 are filled with cement to prevent uncontrolled production via the side-track wells 35.
  • the well and sensor configuration shown in Fig. 6 enables an adequate and continuous mapping of the oil/water and oil/gas and/or gas/water surfaces in a faulted reservoir formation which is traversed by a horizontal or inclined production well.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic vertical sectional view of a faulted oil bearing reservoir formation 40 which is traversed by a vertical oil production well 41 which is equipped with an upper and a lower monitoring device 42 and 43, respectively, which devices are of the same type as shown in Fig. 2.
  • the monitoring devices 42 and 43 are located in the regions of the oil/gas and oil/water interfaces in the reservoir formation 40 in the vicinity of the production well 41.
  • a slimhole side-track well 46 has been drilled from the production well 41 into the reservoir formation 40 in a direction substantially parallel to the faults 49.
  • the side-track well 46 contains an upper and a lower monitoring device 47 and 48, respectively, for monitoring the gas/oil and oil/water interface at the top and bottom of the oil bearing reservoir formation.
  • the monitoring devices 47 and 48 are of the same type as shown in Fig. 5 and the other parts of the side-track well 46 are cemented to prevent uncontrolled production via the side-track well 46.
  • Fig. 7 enables an adequate and continuous mapping of the gas/oil and oil/water interfaces in a faulted reservoir formation 40 which is traversed by a vertical or inclined oil production well 41.
  • the monitoring device and method according to the present invention can be used to monitor the gas, oil and/or water interfaces at any desired location in an underground formation. They can be used to improve and update the reservoir models and make real-time reservoir imaging and management possible.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Verfahren zum Überwachen von physikalischen Eigenschaften von Fluiden in den Porenräumen einer unterirdischen Formation (3), die ein Bohrloch (1) umgibt, welches Verfahren das Erzeugen einer Meßkammer (8) im Bohrloch (1), die in Fluidverbindung mit den Porenräumen der Formation (3) steht, und in welcher ein Körper aus im wesentlichen stagnierendem Fluid vorhanden ist, und das Messen physikalischer Eigenschaften des Fluides in der Kammer (8) mit Hilfe eines Sensors (11) umfaßt, der in der Kammer (8) angeordnet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bohrloch ein Öl- und/oder Gasförderbohrloch ist, daß die Meßkammer (8) hydraulisch vom Rest des Bohrloches (1) isoliert ist, und daß das Messen mit Hilfe eines Stranges von kapazitiven Sensoren (11) durchgeführt wird, die permanent in der Kammer (8) montiert und axial bezüglich einer Längsachse des Bohrloches (1) beabstandet sind, und welche Sensoren (11) an eine Fluidniveauüberwachungsausrüstung angeschlossen sind, die in der Lage ist, die Anwesenheit und den Ort einer Schnittstelle zwischen verschiedenen Fluiden, wie Wasser, Rohöl und/oder Erdgas in dem Bereich des Stranges von Sensoren (11), zu identifizieren.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem die Meßkammer (8) eine ringförmige Kammer ist, die von dem restlichen Bohrloch (1) mit Hilfe einer fluiddichten Hülse (5) und zweier axial beabstandeter Packer (6) isoliert ist, die zwischen der Hülse (5) und einer Innenoberfläche (7) des Bohrloches (1) liegen.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, bei welchem mehrere axial beabstandete Meßkammern (8) an verschiedenen Orten in dem Bohrloch (1) geschaffen werden.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, bei welchem das Bohrloch ein schlankes Nebenbohrloch (22) ist, das abgesehen von der Meßkammer (27) im wesentlichen mit einem Körper aus Zement (29) gefüllt ist, um eine Förderung von Fluiden über das Nebenbohrloch zu verhindern.
  5. Vorrichtung zum Überwachen der physikalischen Eigenschaften von Fluiden in den Porenräumen einer unterirdischen Formation (3), die ein Bohrloch (1) umgibt, welche Vorrichtung eine Hülse (5) zum Erzeugen einer Meßkammer (8) im Bohrloch, die im Betrieb in Fluidverbindung mit den Porenräumen der Formation (3) ist, und wobei ein Körper aus im wesentlichen stagnierendem Fluid in der Kammer (8) vorhanden ist, und einen Sensor (11) umfaßt, der im Inneren der Kammer (8) zum Messen von physikalischen Eigenschaften des Fluids im Inneren der Kammer (8) montiert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Betrieb die Meßkammer (8) hydraulisch durch die Hülse (5) und durch auf der Hülse (5) montierte Packer (6) vom Rest des Bohrloches (1) isoliert ist und daß eine Reihe von kapazitiven Sensoren (11) permanent in der Kammer (8) montiert ist, welche Sensoren axial bezüglich einer Längsachse des Bohrloches (1) beabstandet und an eine Fluidniveauüberwachungsausrüstung angeschlossen sind, die in der Lage ist, die Anwesenheit und den Ort einer Schnittstelle zwischen verschiedenen Fluiden, wie Wasser, Rohöl und/oder Erdgas in dem Bereich des Stranges von Sensoren (11), zu identifizieren.
EP98922712A 1997-04-09 1998-04-08 Verfahren und gerät zur bohrlochüberwachung Expired - Lifetime EP0973996B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98922712A EP0973996B1 (de) 1997-04-09 1998-04-08 Verfahren und gerät zur bohrlochüberwachung

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP97201092 1997-04-09
EP97201092A EP0870900A1 (de) 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Verfahren und Gerät zur Bohrlochüberwachung
EP98922712A EP0973996B1 (de) 1997-04-09 1998-04-08 Verfahren und gerät zur bohrlochüberwachung
PCT/EP1998/002187 WO1998045574A1 (en) 1997-04-09 1998-04-08 Downhole monitoring method and device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0973996A1 EP0973996A1 (de) 2000-01-26
EP0973996B1 true EP0973996B1 (de) 2002-08-14

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EP97201092A Withdrawn EP0870900A1 (de) 1997-04-09 1997-04-09 Verfahren und Gerät zur Bohrlochüberwachung
EP98922712A Expired - Lifetime EP0973996B1 (de) 1997-04-09 1998-04-08 Verfahren und gerät zur bohrlochüberwachung

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6441618B2 (en) * 2000-02-04 2002-08-27 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Method and apparatus for monitoring the advance of seawater into fresh water aquifers near coastal cities
US9598642B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2017-03-21 Baker Hughes Incorporated Distributive temperature monitoring using magnetostrictive probe technology
US9422806B2 (en) 2013-10-04 2016-08-23 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole monitoring using magnetostrictive probe

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2564198A (en) * 1945-01-15 1951-08-14 Stanolind Oil & Gas Co Well testing apparatus
US2605637A (en) * 1949-07-28 1952-08-05 Earle D Rhoades Surveying of subsurface water tables
FR1322402A (fr) * 1962-03-20 1963-03-29 Petroleum Res Corp Système d'analyse de couches de terrains multiples
DE2621142C3 (de) * 1976-05-13 1980-10-09 Kavernen Bau- Und Betriebs-Gesellschaft Mbh, 3000 Hannover Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Bestimmung der Teufe des Trennspiegels Blanketmedium-Salzsole bei der Herstellung von Kavernen
FR2435025A1 (fr) * 1978-09-04 1980-03-28 Solmarine Dispositif de mesure de variations de pression
US5551287A (en) * 1995-02-02 1996-09-03 Mobil Oil Corporation Method of monitoring fluids entering a wellbore

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0870900A1 (de) 1998-10-14
EP0973996A1 (de) 2000-01-26
WO1998045574A1 (en) 1998-10-15

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