EP0973708A1 - Improved process for preparing cyclopropylacetylene - Google Patents

Improved process for preparing cyclopropylacetylene

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Publication number
EP0973708A1
EP0973708A1 EP98910701A EP98910701A EP0973708A1 EP 0973708 A1 EP0973708 A1 EP 0973708A1 EP 98910701 A EP98910701 A EP 98910701A EP 98910701 A EP98910701 A EP 98910701A EP 0973708 A1 EP0973708 A1 EP 0973708A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
triorganophosphane
oxide
phosphorane
general formula
methyl ketone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP98910701A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Henningsen
Armin Stamm
Martin Fischer
Wolfgang Siegel
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19709401A external-priority patent/DE19709401A1/en
Priority claimed from DE1997132292 external-priority patent/DE19732292A1/en
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP0973708A1 publication Critical patent/EP0973708A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28—Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/535—Organo-phosphoranes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
    • C07C1/26—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms
    • C07C1/30—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only halogen atoms as hetero-atoms by splitting-off the elements of hydrogen halide from a single molecule
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/093—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens
    • C07C17/18—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of oxygen atoms of carbonyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/02—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an improved process for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone with dihalotriorganophosphoranes, the halogenation product obtained by this process and a process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene by dehydrohalogenation of these halogenation products.
  • Cyclopropylacetylene is known as an intermediate for an inhibitor of HIV reserve transcriptase from PCT / O 96/22955.
  • the HIV retrovirus Human Immuno Deficiency Virus
  • AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
  • the viral HIV reverse transcriptase is a key enzyme for the replication of the HIV retrovirus in the host organism.
  • a process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene by cyclization of 5-halo-1-pentyne with strong bases such as butyllithium in an aprotic solvent and subsequent quenching of the lithium salt obtained with a proton source such as ammonium chloride is known from PCT / WO 96/22955.
  • the process described in SU 555 079, SU 578 293 and SU 572 445 uses Chlorination in the presence of an organic base, such as pyridine or N, N-diethylaniline.
  • US Pat. No. 3,715,407 discloses a process for the chlorination of ketones with molar excesses, based on the ketone, on dichlorotriorganophosphorane prepared in situ from triorganophosphane oxide and phosgene.
  • the process has the disadvantage that the triorganophosphane oxide must be used in a large excess based on the ketone. Due to the poor solubility of the triorganophosphane oxide, large amounts of solvent are required for the reaction and a continuous procedure can only be achieved with considerable technical difficulties.
  • R 3 PHal 2 (I) in which the radicals R can be the same or different and a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic Ci to C 0 hydrocarbon radical, a phenyl or Ci to C-alkylphenyl radical, which may be by one to two fluorine, chlorine and / or nitro groups, preferably in the ortho and / or para position to the phosphorus, can be substituted, 4-chloro, 4-fluorine or 4-nitro-substituted phenyl radicals being particularly preferred - P, phosphorus and shark means chlorine, bromine or iodine, found at 80 to 130 ° C, in which the dihalotriorganophosphorane of the general formula (I) in situ from triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfate of the general formula II
  • R 3 PA (II), wherein R has the meaning given under formula I and A is oxygen or sulfur, is prepared with a halogenating reagent which is characterized in that the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide is used in catalytic amounts.
  • dichlorotriorganophosphoranes of the general formula I are preferably prepared in situ, dichlorotriphenylphosphorane, a dichlorotri- (C 6 -C 6 -alkyl) phosphorane, dichlorotri- (4-chlorophenyl) phosphorane, dichloro tri- (4-fluorophenyl) phosphorane, dichlorotri- (4-nitrophenyl) phosphorane or a mixture thereof are particularly preferred.
  • Halogenating reagents suitable for use in the process according to the invention are known per se and are described, for example, in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume E2, 872 (1982).
  • a chlorinating agent such as chlorine, oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene, of which phosgene is preferred, is preferably used in the process according to the invention.
  • the halogenation of the cyclopropylmethyl ketone is preferably carried out at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C, particularly preferably 90 to 100 ° C, and a pressure of 0.8 to 1.5 bar, preferably at normal pressure, the halogenating agent in one Molar ratio of 0.5 to 2, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 and the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide in aquimolar amounts, preferably in catalytic amounts of 0.5 to 5 mol%, particularly preferably 1.0 to 2.5 mol %, each based on the cyclopropyl methyl ketone, are used.
  • halogenating agent it is particularly advisable to present the halogenating agent and then to add a solution of the triorganophosphan oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone. It is also possible to provide only a portion of the total amount of the halogenating agent and to add the remaining portion after the addition of the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide solution in cyclopropyl methyl ketone has ended. This procedure is particularly recommended when using phosgene as a halogenating agent.
  • the process according to the invention can be operated batchwise or continuously, the continuous mode of operation being preferred for economic reasons.
  • Triorganophosphane oxides can be prepared, for example, by the methods described in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume E2 (1982), page 2.
  • a mixture of the C 6 to Cs trialkylphosphine oxides is sold, for example, under the trade name Cyanex® 923 by Cytec Industries Inc., NJ, USA.
  • Triorganophosphane sulfides can be prepared, for example, by the process described in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume E2 (1982), page 79.
  • the process according to the invention for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone is preferably carried out without solvent.
  • the process according to the invention can also be carried out in an inert solvent, preferably with a boiling point above 110 ° C., in which the dihalotriorganophosphorane is soluble.
  • Suitable solvents are, for example, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, xylene or mesitylene, of which xylene or mesitylene are preferred.
  • triorganophosphane oxides or triorganophosphane sulfides of the formula II are formed as by-products, from which the halogenation product is separated off by distillation.
  • the process according to the invention for the halogenation of cyclopropyl ketone has the advantage that the catalytic amounts of triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide used and the reaction products in the reaction mixture are completely soluble, as a result of which deposits on system parts and, in particular, valve blockages are avoided. From an economic point of view, the method according to the invention can advantageously be operated continuously and without solvents.
  • the present application therefore also relates to the halogenation product of cyclopropyl methyl ketone, which is obtained by the process according to the invention, in particular after its separation from the triorganophosphane oxides or sulfides formed by distillation.
  • a process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene was furthermore found, which is characterized in that a halogenation product obtainable by the process according to the invention for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone at a
  • Suitable strong bases for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene for example sodium amide
  • alkali metal alcoholates such as, for example, sodium ethanolate, potassium ethanolate, sodium methoxide, potassium methanolate, potassium tert-butylate, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
  • alkali metal salts of glycol ethers such as, for example, potassium butyl triglycolate, of which potassium is preferred .
  • the strong base is used in a suitable solvent, for example sodium amide in ammonia, sodium ethanolate or potassium ethanolate in ethanol, potassium tertiarbutoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide and potassium hydroxide or potassium methoxide in glycol ethers, for example triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethoxyethanol, methyltriglycol, butyltriglycol, in the process according to the invention , the use of potassium hydroxide, potassium methoxide or sodium methoxide in glycol ethers being preferred, and the use of potassium methoxide in glycol ethers being particularly preferred.
  • a suitable solvent for example sodium amide in ammonia, sodium ethanolate or potassium ethanolate in ethanol, potassium tertiarbutoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide and potassium hydroxide or potassium methoxide in glycol ethers, for example triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethoxyethanol, methyltriglycol, butyltriglycol, in
  • reaction mixture of the process according to the invention for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene can contain a further inert solvent with a boiling point below 170 ° C., for example toluene.
  • the strong base is used in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 0.5: 1 to the halogenation product of cyclopropylmethyl ketone.
  • triphenylphosphine oxide 7 g were dissolved in 42 g of 1-methylnaphthalene and at 100 to 110 ° C., phosgene was gassed in until the reflux of phosgene prevailed at the Kuhler. 42 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone were added dropwise over the course of 1 h, and further phosgene (a total of 54 g) was introduced at the same time. After the addition had ended, the mixture was left to after-react at 110 ° C. for 1 h and then excess phosgene was driven off completely with nitrogen.
  • a halogenation product of 80 g of cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 44.5 g of dichlorocyclopropylethane was obtained by distillation at a transition temperature of 94 to 95 ° C. and a pressure of 1013 mbar.
  • triphenylphosphine oxide was dissolved in 336 g cyclopropyl methyl ketone.
  • 89 g of phosgene were introduced at reflux at 105 ° C. in the course of 2 h.
  • 291 g of the solution of triphenylphosphine oxide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone and 350 g were then added within 12.5 at 95 to 100 ° C.
  • the raw Product (522 g), the composition of which was determined by gas chromatography, contained 160 g of cyclopropyl methyl chloride and 183 g of dichlorocyclopropylethane.
  • triphenylphosphine oxide 7 g was dissolved in 84 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone.
  • 10 ml (10 v / v%) of this solution 17.2 g of diphosgene were introduced to reflux at room temperature in a Ruhr apparatus provided with two coolers, the temperature rising to 63 ° C.
  • the remaining 90 ml of the solution of triphenylphosphine oxide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone were then added at 90 to 95 ° C. and 126 g of diphosgene were gassed in over 9 hours. After the diphosgene addition had ended, the mixture was left to after-react at 90 to 95 ° C.
  • the crude product obtained contained 21.3 g of cyclopropylvmyl chloride and 34.4 g of 1,1-dichlorocyclopropylethane.
  • the two-phase distillate consisted of 6.2 g of water and 47.6 g of organic phase containing 30.5% by weight of cyclopropylacetylene and 3.1% by weight of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride. This corresponds to a conversion of 94% and a cyclopropylacetylene selectivity of 84%.
  • the resulting low boilers were continuously distilled out of the reaction mixture and condensed in a cooled receiver filled with 150 g of methanol.
  • the distillate obtained consisted of 100.7 g of cyclopropylacetylene, 13.8 g of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 261 g of methanol. This corresponds to a conversion of 93% and a cyclopropylacetylene selectivity of 84%.
  • the cyclopropylacetylene could be enriched to 99.5% by distillation and subsequent extraction with water.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a process for halogenating cyclopropylmethyl ketone with at least one dihalogen triorganophosphorane of the general formula (I): R3PHal2, in which the R groups can be the same or different and designate a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic C1-C20 hydrocarbon group, a phenyl or C1-C4 alkylphenyl group which can optionally be further substituted by one to two fluorine, chlorine and/or nitro groups, P means phosphorus and Hal means chlorine, bromine or iodine, at 80 to 130 DEG C, the dihalogen triorganophosphorane of the general formula (I) being prepared in situ from triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulphide of the general formula (II), R3PA, in which R has the meaning given under formula (I) and A stands for oxygen or sulphur, with a halogenation reagent. The process is characterized in that the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulphide is used in catalytic amounts. The invention also concerns the halogenation product of the cyclopropyl ketone obtained according to this process and a process for reacting it to form cyclopropylacetylene.

Description

Verbessertes Verfahren zur Herstellung von CyclopropylacetylenImproved process for the production of cyclopropylacetylene
Beschreibungdescription
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Halogenierung von Cyclopropylmethylketon mit Dihalogentriorgano- phosphoranen, das nach diesem Verfahren erhaltliehe Halogenie- rungsprodukt sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclopropy- lacetylen durch Dehydrohalogenierung dieser Halogenierungspro- dukte.The present invention relates to an improved process for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone with dihalotriorganophosphoranes, the halogenation product obtained by this process and a process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene by dehydrohalogenation of these halogenation products.
Cyclopropylacetylen ist als Zwischenstufe für einen Inhibitor der HIV-Reserve Transkriptase aus der PCT/ O 96/22955 bekannt. Das HIV-Retrovirus (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) lost die Immun- schwacheerkrankung AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) aus. Für die Replikation des HIV-Retrovirus im Wirtsorganismus ist die virale HIV-Reverse Transkriptase ein Schlusselenzym.Cyclopropylacetylene is known as an intermediate for an inhibitor of HIV reserve transcriptase from PCT / O 96/22955. The HIV retrovirus (Human Immuno Deficiency Virus) triggers the immune deficiency disease AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). The viral HIV reverse transcriptase is a key enzyme for the replication of the HIV retrovirus in the host organism.
Da dieses Schlusselenzym durch Inhibitoren gehemmt wird, für die Cyclopropylacetylen eine Zwischenstufe darstellt, ist Cyclopropylacetylen für die Herstellung von Medikamenten gegen AIDS von großer Bedeutung.Since this key enzyme is inhibited by inhibitors, for which cyclopropylacetylene is an intermediate, cyclopropylacetylene is of great importance for the manufacture of drugs against AIDS.
Ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclopropylacetylen durch Cyclisierung von 5-Halo-l-pentin mit starken Basen wie Butyl- lithium in einem aprotischen Losungsmittel und anschließendes Quenchen des erhaltenen Lithiumsalzes mit einer Protonenquelle wie Ammoniumchlorid ist aus der PCT/WO 96/22955 bekannt.A process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene by cyclization of 5-halo-1-pentyne with strong bases such as butyllithium in an aprotic solvent and subsequent quenching of the lithium salt obtained with a proton source such as ammonium chloride is known from PCT / WO 96/22955.
In J. Amer. Chem. Soc. £4., 1158 (1972), ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclopropylacetylen beschrieben, bei dem Cyclopropylmethylketon mit Phosphorpentachlorid chloriert und sodann das aus dem Chlorierungsprodukt isolierte 1, 1-Dichlor-l-cyclopro- pylethan mit Natriumamid in fl ssigem Ammoniak zum Cyclopropylacetylen dehydrochloriert wird.In J. Amer. Chem. Soc. £ 4., 1158 (1972), describes a process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene in which cyclopropyl methyl ketone chlorinates with phosphorus pentachloride and then the 1, 1-dichloro-l-cyclopropylethane isolated from the chlorination product with sodium amide in liquid ammonia to give cyclopropylacetylene is dehydrochlorinated.
Aus Synthesis 1972 , 703 ist bekannt, daß die Chlorierung des Cy- clopropylmethylketons mit Phosphorpentachlorid nur dann ohne nen- nenswerte Öffnung des Cyclopropanrings verlauft, wenn mit gereinigtem, säurefreiem Phosphorpentachlorid gearbeitet wird.From Synthesis 1972, 703 it is known that the chlorination of the cyclopropylmethyl ketone with phosphorus pentachloride only takes place without significant opening of the cyclopropane ring when working with purified, acid-free phosphorus pentachloride.
Um die Öffnung des Cyclopropanrings wahrend der Chlorierung des Cyclopropylmethylketons zu verhindern, wird bei den in der SU 555 079, SU 578 293 und SU 572 445 beschriebenen Verfahren die Chlorierung in Gegenwart einer organischen Base, wie z.B. Pyridin oder N,N-Diethylanilin, durchgeführt.In order to prevent the opening of the cyclopropane ring during the chlorination of the cyclopropylmethyl ketone, the process described in SU 555 079, SU 578 293 and SU 572 445 uses Chlorination in the presence of an organic base, such as pyridine or N, N-diethylaniline.
Die vorstehend genannten Chlorierungen des Cyclopropylmethylke- tons mit Phosphorpentachlorid weisen den Nachteil auf, daß das extrem hydrolyseempfindliche Phosphorpentachlorid nur unter absolutem Feuchtigkeitsausschluß gehandhabt werden kann und in aquimolaren Mengen eingesetzt werden muß. Weiterhin entsteht bei diesen Chlorierungen Phosphoroxychlorid, das durch Hydrolyse ent- fernt werden muß, da es destillativ von den Chlorierungsprodukten nicht oder nur sehr schwer zu trennen ist.The above-mentioned chlorinations of cyclopropylmethyl ketone with phosphorus pentachloride have the disadvantage that the extremely hydrolysis-sensitive phosphorus pentachloride can only be handled with absolute exclusion of moisture and must be used in equimolar amounts. These chlorinations furthermore give rise to phosphorus oxychloride, which must be removed by hydrolysis, since it cannot be separated from the chlorination products by distillation or is very difficult to separate.
Aus der US-B 3,715,407 ist ein Verfahren zur Chlorierung von Ketonen mit molaren Überschüssen, bezogen auf das Keton, an in situ aus Triorganophosphanoxid und Phosgen hergestelltem Dich- lortriorganophosphoran bekannt. Das Verfahren weist den Nachteil auf, daß das Triorganophosphanoxid in großem Überschuß bezogen auf das Keton eingesetzt werden muß. Aufgrund der schlechten Los- lichkeit des Triorganophosphanoxids sind große Losungsmittel- mengen für die Umsetzung erforderlich und eine kontinuierliche Fahrweise laßt sich nur unter erheblichen technischen Schwierigkeiten verwirklichen.US Pat. No. 3,715,407 discloses a process for the chlorination of ketones with molar excesses, based on the ketone, on dichlorotriorganophosphorane prepared in situ from triorganophosphane oxide and phosgene. The process has the disadvantage that the triorganophosphane oxide must be used in a large excess based on the ketone. Due to the poor solubility of the triorganophosphane oxide, large amounts of solvent are required for the reaction and a continuous procedure can only be achieved with considerable technical difficulties.
Es bestand daher die Aufgabe, den zuvor genannten Nachteilen ab- zuhelfen.The task was therefore to remedy the disadvantages mentioned above.
Demgemäß wurde ein neues und verbessertes Verfahren zur Halo- genierung von Cyclopropylmethylketon mit mindestens einem Dihalogentriorganophosphoran der allgemeinen Formel IAccordingly, a new and improved process for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone with at least one dihalotriorganophosphorane of the general formula I
R3PHal2 (I), worin die Reste R gleich oder verschieden sein können und einen gesattigten oder ungesättigten aliphatischen Ci- bis C 0-Kohlen- wasserstoffrest, einen Phenyl- oder Ci- bis C-Alkylphenylrest , der gegebenenfalls noch durch ein bis zwei Fluor-, Chlor- und/ oder Nitrogruppen, bevorzugt in ortho- und/oder para-Stellung zum Phosphor, substituiert sein kann, wobei 4-Chlor-, 4-Fluor- oder 4-Nitro-substituierte Phenylreste besonders bevorzugt sind, dar- stellen, P Phosphor und Hai Chlor, Brom oder Jod bedeutet, bei 80 bis 130°C gefunden, bei dem das Dihalogentriorganophosphoran der allgemeinen Formel (I) in situ aus Triorganophosphanoxid oder Triorganophosphansulfld der allgemeinen Formel IIR 3 PHal 2 (I), in which the radicals R can be the same or different and a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic Ci to C 0 hydrocarbon radical, a phenyl or Ci to C-alkylphenyl radical, which may be by one to two fluorine, chlorine and / or nitro groups, preferably in the ortho and / or para position to the phosphorus, can be substituted, 4-chloro, 4-fluorine or 4-nitro-substituted phenyl radicals being particularly preferred - P, phosphorus and shark means chlorine, bromine or iodine, found at 80 to 130 ° C, in which the dihalotriorganophosphorane of the general formula (I) in situ from triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfate of the general formula II
R3PA (II), worin R die unter Formel I gegebene Bedeutung zukommt und A f r Sauerstoff oder Schwefel steht, mit einem Halogenierungsreagenz hergestellt wird, der dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß das Triorganophosphanoxid oder Triorganophosphansulfld in katalytischen Mengen verwendet wird.R 3 PA (II), wherein R has the meaning given under formula I and A is oxygen or sulfur, is prepared with a halogenating reagent which is characterized in that the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide is used in catalytic amounts.
In dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren werden bevorzugt Dichlortrior- ganophosphorane der allgemeinen Formel I in situ hergestellt, wobei Dichlortriphenylphosphoran, ein Dichlor-tri- (C6- bis Cβ-alkyl) -phosphoran, Dichlor-tri- (4-chlorphenyl) - phosphoran, Dichlor-tri- (4-fluorphenyl) phosphoran, Dichlor-tri- (4-nitro- phenyl)- phosphoran oder deren Gemisch besonders bevorzugt sind.In the process according to the invention, dichlorotriorganophosphoranes of the general formula I are preferably prepared in situ, dichlorotriphenylphosphorane, a dichlorotri- (C 6 -C 6 -alkyl) phosphorane, dichlorotri- (4-chlorophenyl) phosphorane, dichloro tri- (4-fluorophenyl) phosphorane, dichlorotri- (4-nitrophenyl) phosphorane or a mixture thereof are particularly preferred.
Für die Verwendung in dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahrens geeignete Halogenierungsreagenzien sind an sich bekannt und beispielweise in Houben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Band E2 , 872 (1982) beschrieben. In dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren wird bevorzugt ein Chlorierungsmittel, wie zum Beispiel Chlor, Oxalyl- chlorid, Thionylchlorid, Phosgen, Diphosgen oder Triphosgen, von denen Phosgen bevorzugt ist, verwendet.Halogenating reagents suitable for use in the process according to the invention are known per se and are described, for example, in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume E2, 872 (1982). A chlorinating agent, such as chlorine, oxalyl chloride, thionyl chloride, phosgene, diphosgene or triphosgene, of which phosgene is preferred, is preferably used in the process according to the invention.
Die Halogenierung des Cyclopropylmethylketons wird bevorzugt bei einer Temperatur von 90 bis 120°C, besonders bevorzugt 90 bis 100°C, und einem Druck von 0,8 bis 1,5 bar, bevorzugt bei Normal- druck, durchgeführt, wobei das Halogenierungsmittel in einem Mol- verhaltnis von 0,5 bis 2, bevorzugt 0,5 bis 1,0 und das Triorganophosphanoxid oder Triorganophosphansulfld in aquimolaren Mengen, bevorzugt in katalytischen Mengen von 0,5 bis 5 Mol%, besonders bevorzugt 1,0 bis 2,5 Mol%, jeweils bezogen auf das Cy- clopropylmethylketon, eingesetzt werden.The halogenation of the cyclopropylmethyl ketone is preferably carried out at a temperature of 90 to 120 ° C, particularly preferably 90 to 100 ° C, and a pressure of 0.8 to 1.5 bar, preferably at normal pressure, the halogenating agent in one Molar ratio of 0.5 to 2, preferably 0.5 to 1.0 and the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide in aquimolar amounts, preferably in catalytic amounts of 0.5 to 5 mol%, particularly preferably 1.0 to 2.5 mol %, each based on the cyclopropyl methyl ketone, are used.
Für die Ausfuhrung der Halogenierung empfiehlt es sich insbesondere das Halogenierungsmittel vorzulegen und dann eine Losung des Triorganophosphanoxids oder Triorganophosphansulfids in Cyclopropylmethylketon zuzugeben. Es ist auch möglich, nur einen Anteil der Gesamtmenge des Halogenierungsmittels vorzulegen und den verbleibenden Anteil nach beendeter Zugabe der Losung des Triorganophosphanoxids oder Triorganophosphansulfids in Cyclopropylmethylketon zuzugeben. Diese Vorgehensweise empfiehlt sich insbesondere bei der Verwendung von Phosgen als Halogenierungsmittel .To carry out the halogenation, it is particularly advisable to present the halogenating agent and then to add a solution of the triorganophosphan oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone. It is also possible to provide only a portion of the total amount of the halogenating agent and to add the remaining portion after the addition of the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide solution in cyclopropyl methyl ketone has ended. This procedure is particularly recommended when using phosgene as a halogenating agent.
Weiterhin ist es möglich, 5 bis 25 Gew.-% der Gesamtmenge der Losung des Triorganophosphanoxids oder Triorganophosphansulfids in Cyclopropylmethylketon, besonders bevorzugt 15 bis 25 Gew.-%, vorzulegen, das Chlorierungsmittel zuzugeben und dann den verbleibenden Anteil der Losung einzutragen. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, die Gesamtmenge der Losung des Triorganophosphanoxids oder Triorganophosphansulfids in Cyclopropylmethylketon vorzulegen.It is also possible to add 5 to 25% by weight of the total amount of the solution of the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone, particularly preferably 15 to 25% by weight, to add the chlorinating agent and then to enter the remaining portion of the solution. It goes without saying it is also possible to present the total amount of the solution of the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone.
Das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren kann diskontinuierlich oder kontinuierlich betrieben werden, wobei aus wirtschaftlichen Gründen die kontinuierliche Betriebsweise bevorzugt ist.The process according to the invention can be operated batchwise or continuously, the continuous mode of operation being preferred for economic reasons.
Triorganophosphanoxide können beispielsweise nach der in Houben- Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Band E2 (1982), Seite 2, beschriebenen Methoden hergestellt werden.Triorganophosphane oxides can be prepared, for example, by the methods described in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume E2 (1982), page 2.
Ein Gemisch aus den C6- bis Cs-Trialkylphosphanoxiden wird beispielsweise unter dem Handelsnamen Cyanex ® 923 von der Firma Cytec Industries Inc., N.J., USA vertrieben.A mixture of the C 6 to Cs trialkylphosphine oxides is sold, for example, under the trade name Cyanex® 923 by Cytec Industries Inc., NJ, USA.
Triorganophosphansulfide können beispielsweise nach dem in Hou- ben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie, Band E2 (1982), Seite 79, beschriebenen Verfahren hergestellt werden.Triorganophosphane sulfides can be prepared, for example, by the process described in Houben-Weyl, Methods of Organic Chemistry, Volume E2 (1982), page 79.
Das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren zur Halogenierung von Cyclopropylmethylketon wird bevorzugt lόsungsmittelfrei durchgeführt. Das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren kann jedoch auch in einem inerten Losungsmittel, bevorzugt mit einem Siedepunkt über 110°C, in dem das Dihalogentriorganophosphoran löslich ist, durchgeführt werden.The process according to the invention for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone is preferably carried out without solvent. However, the process according to the invention can also be carried out in an inert solvent, preferably with a boiling point above 110 ° C., in which the dihalotriorganophosphorane is soluble.
Geeignete Losungsmittel sind beispielsweise halogenierte aromatische Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie zum Beispiel Chlorbenzol, 1-Methylnaphthalin, Xylol oder Mesitylen, von denen Xylol oder Mesitylen bevorzugt sind.Suitable solvents are, for example, halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzene, 1-methylnaphthalene, xylene or mesitylene, of which xylene or mesitylene are preferred.
Als Nebenprodukte werden bei der erfindungsgemaßen Halogenierung des Cyclopropylmethylketons Triorganophosphanoxide oder Triorga- nophosphansulfide der Formel II gebildet, von denen das Haloge- nierungsprodukt durch Destillation abgetrennt wird.In the halogenation of the cyclopropylmethyl ketone according to the invention, triorganophosphane oxides or triorganophosphane sulfides of the formula II are formed as by-products, from which the halogenation product is separated off by distillation.
Das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren zur Halogenierung von Cyclopropyl- keton weist den Vorteil auf, daß die verwendeten katalytischen Mengen des Triorganophosphanoxids oder Triorganophosphansulfids und die Reaktionsprodukte im Reaktionsansatz völlig loslich sind, wodurch Ablagerungen an Anlagenteilen sowie insbesondere Ventilverstopfungen vermieden werden. Das erfindungsgemaße Verfahren kann in wirtschaftlicher Sicht vorteilhafterweise kontinuierlich und ohne Losungsmittel betrieben werden. Gegenstand der vorliegenden Anmeldung ist daher weiterhin das Ha- logenierungsprodukt des Cyclopropylmethylketons, das nach dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren, insbesondere nach dessen Abtrennung von den entstandenen Triorganophosphanoxiden bzw. -Sulfiden durch Destillation, erhalten wird.The process according to the invention for the halogenation of cyclopropyl ketone has the advantage that the catalytic amounts of triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide used and the reaction products in the reaction mixture are completely soluble, as a result of which deposits on system parts and, in particular, valve blockages are avoided. From an economic point of view, the method according to the invention can advantageously be operated continuously and without solvents. The present application therefore also relates to the halogenation product of cyclopropyl methyl ketone, which is obtained by the process according to the invention, in particular after its separation from the triorganophosphane oxides or sulfides formed by distillation.
Es wurde weiterhin ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclopropylacetylen gefunden, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß ein nach dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren zur Halogenierung von Cyclopro- pylmethylketon erhaltliches Halogenierungsprodukt bei einerA process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene was furthermore found, which is characterized in that a halogenation product obtainable by the process according to the invention for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone at a
Temperatur von -33 bis 250°C, bevorzugt bei 80 bis 140°C, besonders bevorzugt bei 80 bis 120°C, mit einer starken Base behandelt wird. Als starke Base sind zur Herstellung von Cyclopropylacetylen, beispielsweise Natriumamid, Alkalialkoholate wie zum Beispiel Natriumethanolat , Kaliumethanolat , Natriummethanolat , Kalium- methanolat , Kaliumtertiarbutylat , Natriumhydroxid und Kaliumhydroxid sowie Alkalisalze von Glykolethern, wie zum Beispiel Kali- umbutyltriglycolat, geeignet, von denen Kaliumhydroxid bevorzugt ist. Die starke Base wird in einem geeigneten Losungsmittel, beispielsweise Natriumamid in Ammoniak, Natriumethanolat oder Kaliumethanolat in Ethanol, Kaliumtertiarbutylat in Dimethyl- sulfoxid und Kaliumhydroxid oder Kaliummethanolat in Glykol- ethern, beispielsweise Triethylenglykoldimethylether , Ethoxy- ethanol, Methyltriglykol, Butyltriglykol, in dem erfindungsgemaßen Verfahren verwendet, wobei die Verwendung von Kaliumhydroxid, Kaliummethanolat oder Natriummethanolat in Glykolethern bevorzugt, und die Verwendung von Kaliummethanolat in Glykol- ethern besonders bevorzugt ist.Temperature of -33 to 250 ° C, preferably at 80 to 140 ° C, particularly preferably at 80 to 120 ° C, is treated with a strong base. Suitable strong bases for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene, for example sodium amide, are alkali metal alcoholates such as, for example, sodium ethanolate, potassium ethanolate, sodium methoxide, potassium methanolate, potassium tert-butylate, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide, and also alkali metal salts of glycol ethers, such as, for example, potassium butyl triglycolate, of which potassium is preferred . The strong base is used in a suitable solvent, for example sodium amide in ammonia, sodium ethanolate or potassium ethanolate in ethanol, potassium tertiarbutoxide in dimethyl sulfoxide and potassium hydroxide or potassium methoxide in glycol ethers, for example triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethoxyethanol, methyltriglycol, butyltriglycol, in the process according to the invention , the use of potassium hydroxide, potassium methoxide or sodium methoxide in glycol ethers being preferred, and the use of potassium methoxide in glycol ethers being particularly preferred.
Zusatzlich zu dem Losungsmittel, in dem die starke Base verwendet wird, kann der Reaktionsansatz des erfindungsgemaßen Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Cyclopropylacetylen ein weiteres inertes Losungsmittel mit einem Siedepunkt unter 170°C, beispielweise Toluol, enthalten.In addition to the solvent in which the strong base is used, the reaction mixture of the process according to the invention for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene can contain a further inert solvent with a boiling point below 170 ° C., for example toluene.
Die starke Base wird in einem Gewichtsverhaltnis von 10:1 bis 0,5:1 zu dem Halogenierungsprodukt des Cyclopropylmethylketons eingesetzt.The strong base is used in a weight ratio of 10: 1 to 0.5: 1 to the halogenation product of cyclopropylmethyl ketone.
Die nachfolgenden Beispiele sollen den Erfindungsgegenstand naher erläutern. BeispieleThe following examples are intended to explain the subject of the invention in more detail. Examples
Chlorierung von CyclopropylmethylketonChlorination of cyclopropyl methyl ketone
Beispiel 1example 1
7 g Triphenylphosphanoxid wurden in 42 g Xylol gelost und bei 100 bis 110 °C wurde solange Phosgen eingegast, bis am Kühler Phosgenruckfluß herrschte. Innerhalb von 1 h wurden 42 g Cyclopropylme- thylketon zugetropft und gleichzeitig wurde weiter Phosgen (insgesamt 66 g) eingeleitet. Nach Beendigung der Zugabe ließ man 1 h bei 110 °C nachreagieren und trieb anschließend berschüssiges Phosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig aus.7 g of triphenylphosphine oxide were dissolved in 42 g of xylene and phosgene was gassed in at 100 to 110 ° C. until there was a phosgene reflux at the cooler. 42 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone were added dropwise within 1 h and at the same time further phosgene (66 g in total) was introduced. After the addition had ended, the mixture was left to after-react at 110 ° C. for 1 h and then excess phosgene was driven off completely with nitrogen.
Es wurde gaschromatographisch eine Ausbeute von 8 g 1-Cyclopro- pylvinylchlorid und 26,3 g 1-Cyclopropyl-l , 1-dichlorethan bestimmt .A yield of 8 g of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 26.3 g of 1-cyclopropyl-1,1-dichloroethane was determined by gas chromatography.
Beispiel 2Example 2
14 g Triphenylphosphanoxid wurden in 42 g Xylol gelost und bei 100 bis 110 °C wurde solange Phosgen eingegast, bis am Kuhler Phosgenruckfluß herrschte. Innerhalb von 1 h wurden 42 g Cyclopropylmethylketon zugetropft und gleichzeitig wurde weiter Phos- gen (insgesamt 66 g) eingeleitet. Nach Beendigung der Zugabe ließ man 1 h bei 110 °C nachreagieren und trieb anschließend überschüssiges Phosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig aus. Es wurde gaschromatographisch eine Ausbeute von 8,7 g 1-Cyclopropylvinyl- chlorid und 1,74 g 1-Cyclopropyl-l, 1-dichlorethan bestimmt.14 g of triphenylphosphine oxide were dissolved in 42 g of xylene and phosgene was gassed in at 100 to 110 ° C. until there was a reflux of phosgene at the Kuhler. 42 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone were added dropwise within 1 h and at the same time further phosgene (66 g in total) was introduced. After the addition had ended, the mixture was left to after-react at 110 ° C. for 1 h and then excess phosgene was driven off completely with nitrogen. A yield of 8.7 g of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 1.74 g of 1-cyclopropyl-l, 1-dichloroethane was determined by gas chromatography.
Beispiel 3Example 3
7 g Triphenylphosphanoxid wurden in 42 g 1-Methylnaphthalin gelost und bei 100 bis 110 °C wurde solange Phosgen eingegast bis am Kuhler Phosgenruckfluß herrschte. Innerhalb von 1 h wurden 42 g Cyclopropylmethylketon zugetropft und gleichzeitig weiter Phosgen (insgesamt 54 g) eingeleitet. Nach Beendigung der Zugabe ließ man 1 h bei 110 °C nachreagieren und trieb anschließend überschüssiges Phosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig aus.7 g of triphenylphosphine oxide were dissolved in 42 g of 1-methylnaphthalene and at 100 to 110 ° C., phosgene was gassed in until the reflux of phosgene prevailed at the Kuhler. 42 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone were added dropwise over the course of 1 h, and further phosgene (a total of 54 g) was introduced at the same time. After the addition had ended, the mixture was left to after-react at 110 ° C. for 1 h and then excess phosgene was driven off completely with nitrogen.
Es wurde gaschromatographisch eine Ausbeute von 9,5 g 1-Cyclopro- pylvinylchlorid und 3,5 g 1-Cyclopropyl-l , 1-dichlorethan bestimmt . Beispiel 4A yield of 9.5 g of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 3.5 g of 1-cyclopropyl-1,1-dichloroethane was determined by gas chromatography. Example 4
3,5 g Triphenylphosphanoxid wurden in 42 g 1-Methylnaphthalin gelost und bei 100 bis 110 °C wurde solange Phosgen eingegast, bis 5 am Kuhler Phosgenruckfluß herrschte. Innerhalb von 1 h wurden 42 g Cyclopropylmethylketon zugetropft und gleichzeitig weiter Phosgen (insgesamt 54 g) eingeleitet. Nach Beendigung der Zugabe ließ man 1 h bei 110 °C nachreagieren und trieb anschließend überschüssiges Phosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig aus. Es wurde gas- 0 chromatographisch eine Ausbeute von 11,3 g 1-Cyclopropylvinylch- lorid und 12,3 g 1-Cyclopropyl-l, 1-dichlorethan bestimmt.3.5 g of triphenylphosphine oxide were dissolved in 42 g of 1-methylnaphthalene and phosgene was gassed in at 100 to 110 ° C. until there was 5 phosgene reflux at the Kuhler. 42 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone were added dropwise over the course of 1 h, and further phosgene (a total of 54 g) was introduced at the same time. After the addition had ended, the mixture was left to after-react at 110 ° C. for 1 h and then excess phosgene was driven off completely with nitrogen. A yield of 11.3 g of 1-cyclopropylvinylchloride and 12.3 g of 1-cyclopropyl-1,1-dichloroethane was determined by gas chromatography.
Beispiel 5Example 5
5 In 84 g Cyclopropylmethylketon wurden 7 g Triphenylphosphanoxid gelost und auf 110 °C erhitzt. Innerhalb von 2,5 h wurden 110 g Phosgen eingegast, bis am Kuhler Phosgenruckfluß herrschte. Nach einer Nachreaktionszeit von 1 h bei 110 °C wurde das überschüssige Phosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig ausgetrieben. Es wurde gas- 0 chromatographisch eine Ausbeute von 19,3 g 1-Cyclopropylvinylch- lorid und 12,65 g 1-Cyclopropyl-l , 1-dichlorethan bestimmt.5 7 g of triphenylphosphine oxide were dissolved in 84 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone and heated to 110 ° C. 110 g of phosgene were gassed in over a period of 2.5 h until the reflux of the phosgene prevailed at the Kuhler. After an after-reaction time of 1 h at 110 ° C., the excess phosgene was completely expelled using nitrogen. A yield of 19.3 g of 1-cyclopropylvinylchloride and 12.65 g of 1-cyclopropyl-1,1-dichloroethane was determined by gas chromatography.
Beispiel 6Example 6
5 In einem Glaskolben wurde bei 100°C Phosgen bis zum starken Rückfluß eingegast. 13,9 g Triphenylphosphanoxid wurden bei Raumtemperatur in 168 g Cyclopropylmethylketon gelost und zu dem Phosgen getropft. Über einen Zeitraum von 9 h wurde weiter Phosgen eingegast. Die Gesamtmenge an Phosgen betrug 220 g. Nach Beendigung5 Phosgene was gassed in a glass flask at 100 ° C. until strong reflux. 13.9 g of triphenylphosphine oxide were dissolved in 168 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone at room temperature and added dropwise to the phosgene. Phosgene was further gassed in over a period of 9 hours. The total amount of phosgene was 220 g. After completion
30 der Phosgenzugabe ließ man 2 h bei 100°C nachreagieren und trieb anschließend überschüssiges Phosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig aus. Durch Destillation bei 94 bis 95°C Ubergangstemperatur und einem Druck von 1013 mbar wurde ein Halogenierungsprodukt aus 80 g Cyclopropylvinylchlorid und 44,5 g Dichlorcyclopropylethan,30 of the phosgene was allowed to react for 2 h at 100 ° C. and then excess phosgene was completely expelled using nitrogen. A halogenation product of 80 g of cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 44.5 g of dichlorocyclopropylethane was obtained by distillation at a transition temperature of 94 to 95 ° C. and a pressure of 1013 mbar.
35 dessen Zusammensetzung gaschromatographisch bestimmt wurde, gewonnen .35 whose composition was determined by gas chromatography.
Beispiel 7Example 7
40 28 g Triphenylphosphanoxid wurden in 336 g Cyclopropylmethylketon gelost. In 73 g dieser Losung wurde innerhalb von 2 h bei 105°C 89 g Phosgen bis zum Ruckfluß eingeleitet. Innerhalb von 12,5 wurden bei 95 bis 100°C anschließend 291 g der Losung des Triphe- nylphosphanoxids in Cyclopropylmethylketon zugegeben und 350 g40 28 g triphenylphosphine oxide was dissolved in 336 g cyclopropyl methyl ketone. In 73 g of this solution, 89 g of phosgene were introduced at reflux at 105 ° C. in the course of 2 h. 291 g of the solution of triphenylphosphine oxide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone and 350 g were then added within 12.5 at 95 to 100 ° C.
45 Phosgen eingegast. Danach wurden bei 95°C weitere 25 g Phosgen eingegast. Nach Beendigung der Zugabe wurden überschüssiges Phosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig ausgetrieben. Das erhaltene Roh- Produkt (522 g) , dessen Zusammensetzung gaschromatographisch bestimmt wurde, enthielt 160 g Cyclopropylvmylchlorid und 183 g Dichlorcyclopropylethan.45 phosgene gasified. A further 25 g of phosgene were then gassed in at 95.degree. After the addition was complete, excess phosgene was completely expelled using nitrogen. The raw Product (522 g), the composition of which was determined by gas chromatography, contained 160 g of cyclopropyl methyl chloride and 183 g of dichlorocyclopropylethane.
Beispiel 8Example 8
7 g Triphenylphosphanoxid wurden in 84 g Cyclopropylmethylketon gelost. In 10 ml (10 v/v %) dieser Losung wurden in einer mit zwei Kuhlern versehenen Ruhrapparatur bei Raumtemperatur 17,2 g Diphosgen bis zum Ruckfluß eingeleitet, wobei die Temperatur auf 63°C anstieg. Danach wurden bei 90 bis 95°C die verbleibenden 90 ml der Losung von Triphenylphosphanoxid in Cyclopropylmethylketon zugegeben und 126 g Diphosgen innerhalb von 9 h eingegast. Nach Beendigung der Diphosgenzugabe ließ man 2 h bei 90 bis 95°C nachreagieren und trieb anschließend überschüssiges Diphosgen mit Stickstoff vollständig aus. Das erhaltene Rohprodukt, dessen Zusammensetzung gaschromatographisch bestimmt wurde, enthielt 21,3 g Cyclopropylvmylchlorid und 34,4 g 1, 1-Dιchlorcyclopropy- lethan.7 g of triphenylphosphine oxide was dissolved in 84 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone. In 10 ml (10 v / v%) of this solution, 17.2 g of diphosgene were introduced to reflux at room temperature in a Ruhr apparatus provided with two coolers, the temperature rising to 63 ° C. The remaining 90 ml of the solution of triphenylphosphine oxide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone were then added at 90 to 95 ° C. and 126 g of diphosgene were gassed in over 9 hours. After the diphosgene addition had ended, the mixture was left to after-react at 90 to 95 ° C. for 2 h and then excess diphosgene was completely expelled using nitrogen. The crude product obtained, the composition of which was determined by gas chromatography, contained 21.3 g of cyclopropylvmyl chloride and 34.4 g of 1,1-dichlorocyclopropylethane.
Beispiel 9Example 9
In eine kontinuierlich betriebene Reaktionsapparatur wurden 10 g Phosgen einkondensiert. Bei 90 bis 95°C wurde dann kontinuierlich eine Losung von 2,5 mol% Triphenylphosphanoxid in Cyclopropylmethylketon so zudosiert, daß der Zulauf an Cyclopropylmethylketon 0,25 bis 0,3 mol/h betrug.10 g of phosgene were condensed into a continuously operated reaction apparatus. A solution of 2.5 mol% triphenylphosphine oxide in cyclopropyl methyl ketone was then metered in continuously at 90 to 95 ° C. in such a way that the feed of cyclopropyl methyl ketone was 0.25 to 0.3 mol / h.
Insgesamt wurden 1713,5 g Cyclopropylmethylketon und 1948 g Phos- gen über eine Gesamtdauer von 81 Stunden umgesetzt. Im Austrag, dessen Zusammensetzung gaschromatographisch bestimmt wurde, wurden 20 Gew.-% 1,1-Dιchlorcyclopropylethan (476 g) und 31 Gew.-% Cyclopropylvmylchlorid (732 g) , entsprechend einer Raum-Zeit- Ausbeute von 0,13 mol Wertprodukt/h.A total of 1713.5 g of cyclopropyl methyl ketone and 1948 g of phosgene were reacted over a total period of 81 hours. In the discharge, the composition of which was determined by gas chromatography, 20% by weight of 1,1-dichlorocyclopropylethane (476 g) and 31% by weight of cyclopropyl methyl chloride (732 g), corresponding to a space-time yield of 0.13 mol of product of value / H.
Herstellung von CyclopropylacetylenManufacture of cyclopropylacetylene
Beispiel 10Example 10
Eine Losung von 21 g 1-Cyclopropylvmychlorιd und 4,9 g 1-Cyclo- propyl-1, 1-dιchlorethan in 13 g Toluol wurde mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 8 ml/h in eine auf 170°C aufgeheizte Mischung aus 20 g KOH 120 g Butyltriglykol getropft. Die entstehenden Leichtsieder wurden kontinuierlich aus der Reaktionsmischung herausdestilliert und in einer gekühlten, mit 10 g Toluol gefüllten Vorlage kondensiert.A solution of 21 g of 1-cyclopropylvmychloride and 4.9 g of 1-cyclopropyl-1,1-dichloroethane in 13 g of toluene was added at a rate of 8 ml / h to a mixture of 20 g of KOH 120 heated to 170 ° C. g of butyl triglycol were added dropwise. The resulting low boilers were continuously distilled out of the reaction mixture and condensed in a cooled receiver filled with 10 g of toluene.
Das zweiphasige Destillat bestand aus 6,2 g Wasser und 47,6 g organischer Phase mit einem Gehalt von 30,5 Gew.% Cyclopropylacetylen und 3,1 Gew.% 1-Cyclopropylvinylchlorid. Dies entspricht einem Umsatz von 94 % und einer Cyclopropylacetylen-Selektivität von 84 %.The two-phase distillate consisted of 6.2 g of water and 47.6 g of organic phase containing 30.5% by weight of cyclopropylacetylene and 3.1% by weight of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride. This corresponds to a conversion of 94% and a cyclopropylacetylene selectivity of 84%.
Beispiel 11Example 11
Eine Lösung von 133 g 1-Cyclopropylvinychlorid und 90,3 g 1-Cyclopropyl-l, 1-dichlorethan in 50 g Methanol wurde mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 40 ml/h in eine auf 110°C aufgeheizte Mischung aus 179,3 g 95 %-igem Kaliummethylat in 800 g Butyltriglykol getropft .A solution of 133 g of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 90.3 g of 1-cyclopropyl-l, 1-dichloroethane in 50 g of methanol was added at a rate of 40 ml / h to a mixture of 179.3 g of 95% heated to 110 ° C. potassium methylate added dropwise in 800 g of butyl triglycol.
Die entstehenden Leichtsieder wurden kontinuierlich aus der Reak- tionsmischung herausdestilliert und in einer gekühlten, mit 150 g Methanol gefüllten Vorlage kondensiert.The resulting low boilers were continuously distilled out of the reaction mixture and condensed in a cooled receiver filled with 150 g of methanol.
Das erhaltene Destillat bestand aus 100,7 g Cyclopropylacetylen, 13,8 g 1-Cyclopropylvinylchlorid und 261 g Methanol. Dies ent- spricht einem Umsatz von 93 % und einer Cyclopropylacetylen- Selektivität von 84 %. Durch Destillation und anschließende Extraktion mit Wasser konnte das Cyclopropylacetylen auf 99,5 % angereichert werden. The distillate obtained consisted of 100.7 g of cyclopropylacetylene, 13.8 g of 1-cyclopropyl vinyl chloride and 261 g of methanol. This corresponds to a conversion of 93% and a cyclopropylacetylene selectivity of 84%. The cyclopropylacetylene could be enriched to 99.5% by distillation and subsequent extraction with water.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zur Halogenierung von Cyclopropylmethylketon mit mindestens einem Dihalogentriorganophosphoran der allgemeinen Formel I1. Process for the halogenation of cyclopropyl methyl ketone with at least one dihalotriorganophosphorane of the general formula I
R3PHal2 (I), worin die Reste R gleich oder verschieden sein können und einen gesattigten oder ungesättigten aliphatischen Ci.- bis C2o~ ohlenwasserstoffrest , einen Phenyl- oder Ci- bis C4-Al- kylphenylrest , der gegebenenfalls noch durch ein bis zwei Fluor-, Chlor- und/oder Nitrogruppen substituiert sein kann, darstellen, P Phosphor und Hai Chlor, Brom oder Jod bedeutet, bei 80 bis 130°C, wobei das Dihalogentriorganophosphoran der allgemeinen Formel I in situ aus Triorganophosphanoxid oder Triorganophosphansulfld der allgemeinen Formel IIR3PHal 2 (I), in which the radicals R can be the same or different and a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic Ci . to C 2 -hydrohydrogen radical, a phenyl or C 1 to C 4 -alkylphenyl radical, which can optionally be substituted by one or two fluorine, chlorine and / or nitro groups, P represent phosphorus and shark chlorine, Bromine or iodine means at 80 to 130 ° C, the dihalotriorganophosphorane of the general formula I in situ from triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfate of the general formula II
R3PA (II) ,R 3 PA (II),
worin R die unter Formel I gegebene Bedeutung zukommt und A f r Sauerstoff oder Schwefel steht, mit einem Halogenierungs- reagenz hergestellt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Triorganophosphanoxid oder Triorganophosphansulfld in katalytischen Mengen verwendet wird.wherein R has the meaning given under formula I and A represents oxygen or sulfur, is prepared with a halogenating reagent, characterized in that the triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphane sulfide is used in catalytic amounts.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Dich- lortriorganophosphoran der Formel (I) durch Umsetzung mit einem Triorganophosphanoxid oder Triorganophosphansulfids der Formel (II) mit Phosgen in situ hergestellt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that dichlorotiorganophosphoran of formula (I) is prepared in situ by reaction with a triorganophosphane oxide or triorganophosphine sulfide of formula (II) with phosgene.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet , daß ein Dichlor-tri- (Cö- bis Cβ-alkyl) -phosphoran, Dichlortriphe- nyl-phosphoran, Dichlor-tri- (4-chlorphenyl) -phosphoran, Dichlor-tri- (4-fluorphenyl) -phosphoran, Dichlor-tri- (4-nitro- phenyl)- phosphoran oder deren Gemisch in situ hergestellt wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a dichlorotri- (C ö - to Cβ-alkyl) phosphorane, dichlorotriphenyl-phosphorane, dichlorotri- (4-chlorophenyl) phosphorane, dichloro- tri- (4-fluorophenyl) phosphorane, dichloro-tri- (4-nitrophenyl) phosphorane or a mixture thereof is prepared in situ.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Cyclopropylmethylketon in Abwesenheit eines Losungsmittels halogeniert wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that cyclopropyl methyl ketone is halogenated in the absence of a solvent.
5. Halogenierungsprodukt erhaltlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4. 5. Halogenation product obtainable by a process according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cyclopropylacetylen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Halogenierungsprodukt des Cyclopropylmethylketons nach Anspruch 5 mit einer starken Base bei einer Temperatur von -33 bis 250°C behandelt wird.6. A process for the preparation of cyclopropylacetylene, characterized in that the halogenation product of cyclopropyl methyl ketone according to claim 5 is treated with a strong base at a temperature of -33 to 250 ° C.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als starke Base Kaliumhydroxid oder Kaliummethanolat in Glykolethern eingesetzt wird. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that potassium hydroxide or potassium methoxide is used as the strong base in glycol ethers.
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