EP0970869B1 - Method for securely displaying the status of a signalling installation - Google Patents

Method for securely displaying the status of a signalling installation

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Publication number
EP0970869B1
EP0970869B1 EP99440192A EP99440192A EP0970869B1 EP 0970869 B1 EP0970869 B1 EP 0970869B1 EP 99440192 A EP99440192 A EP 99440192A EP 99440192 A EP99440192 A EP 99440192A EP 0970869 B1 EP0970869 B1 EP 0970869B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
picture
symbols
image
display module
status
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99440192A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0970869A3 (en
EP0970869A2 (en
Inventor
Andreas Richter
Jaime Monus
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel Lucent SAS
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Alcatel CIT SA
Alcatel SA
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Publication of EP0970869A2 publication Critical patent/EP0970869A2/en
Publication of EP0970869A3 publication Critical patent/EP0970869A3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61L—GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC
    • B61L25/00—Recording or indicating positions or identities of vehicles or trains or setting of track apparatus
    • B61L25/06—Indicating or recording the setting of track apparatus, e.g. of points, of signals
    • B61L25/08—Diagrammatic displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
    • G09G2330/08—Fault-tolerant or redundant circuits, or circuits in which repair of defects is prepared
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2340/00—Aspects of display data processing
    • G09G2340/12—Overlay of images, i.e. displayed pixel being the result of switching between the corresponding input pixels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2360/00—Aspects of the architecture of display systems
    • G09G2360/06—Use of more than one graphics processor to process data before displaying to one or more screens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the reliable display of the state of a signaling system on a screen and an operator station computer for carrying out the method.
  • Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of an X-Windows system.
  • Essential components are an X server XSERV and one or more client applications CLAPP1 and CLAPP2.
  • the client applications typically rely on an X library of XLIB, which provides the client applications with an agreed set of instructions.
  • REQU calls from the client applications to the X server XSERV are translated by the X library XLIB into the X protocol and transmitted over a network NETW.
  • the X server XSERV creates an image that can be displayed directly on the screen BS.
  • the X server usually has input devices such as keyboard TAS and mouse connected to it.
  • the X server provides u. a. that different windows can be called up via the input devices and changed in size and position. Between the X server and the screen, only a graphics card is switched, the u. a. contains a frame buffer.
  • Signals generated by the input devices are transmitted in the form of special messages EVTS from the X server XSERV to the client applications CLAPP1 and CLAPP2 via the network NETW.
  • REPL messages that the X server uses to acknowledge calls or send error messages to client applications.
  • EP 0 584 895 A2 discloses a method for displaying operating states in which image symbols composed of picture elements are created and provided with color values.
  • the method should provide a high level of security in detecting errors and distortions with the least possible expenditure of hardware and software.
  • two image build-up modules using feed-in state data, independently of one another generate image symbols (SYMB1, SYMB2) composed of pixels.
  • At least one image-building module transmits the created image symbols to a display module.
  • the color values of the pixels for the image symbols are specified explicitly.
  • the display module then assembles the transmitted image symbols to form a state that can be displayed directly on the screen.
  • the image symbols are also generated independently of one another in two different logical channels.
  • the display module which is simply present, receives from the image building modules the complete pixel information (i.e., the color values) for the icons.
  • the functionality of the display module is thus limited to assembling the transmitted icons into a complete picture. Because of this reduced functionality, the likelihood that adulteration errors will go undetected is less likely.
  • each image building module accesses its own protected memory area when creating the image symbols.
  • templates for picture symbols are stored pixel by pixel. It is thus prevented that the image acquisition modules jointly access a defective memory and create parallel falsified image symbols.
  • the image-building modules are X-clients and the display module is an X-server. Since the required security is achieved with only one X server instead of the usual two-channel systems two X servers, you only need an X server license in the implementation.
  • the invention is by no means limited to the use of an X-Windows system.
  • the image build-up modules can be realized as client processes.
  • the display module is then a protected subsystem of the operating system.
  • the transmission of image symbols then takes place via interfaces for local or remote procedure calls.
  • the status data originate, for example, from a signal-technically safe interlocking computer.
  • the status data are identical in content and are only transmitted twice in different formats for security reasons (eg normal and inverted). It is also conceivable, however, that the status data is simply fed to the operator station computer and internally distributed to both input channels.
  • Each input channel communicates with an image building module BAM1 or BAM2.
  • the image enhancement modules BAM1 and BAM2 create image symbols for the parts of the signaling installation that are affected by the status data from the supplied status data i1 and i2. They use project data, which u. a. Specify which image icon to use for which type of track or field element. More complex field elements, eg. B. main signals, if necessary, must be composed of several icons.
  • the rules on which icons to use and how to arrange them are usually set by the plant operator. They are preferably stored independently of one another in both image-building modules BAM1 and BAM2.
  • the image enhancement modules BAM1 and BAM2 receive the message "track section G3 occupied" as the status data from a safe interlocking computer. With this status data, the interlocking computer reports the occupation of the track section G3 by a train.
  • the image building module BAM1 now determines in a step 32 which image symbol is to be used for the representation of a track section. It accesses to project data, which can be seen in this example that the track section in question is represented by a horizontal bar. From a file in which all possible image symbols are stored as templates, the image building module BAM1 retrieves the template for the corresponding image symbol. Subsequently, the image enhancement module BAM1 assigns a foreground and a background color to the original in a step 33. Which colors are to be selected depends on the rules already mentioned above. The assignment of the color values to the individual pixels of the template produces the finished image symbol.
  • the image building module BAM1 transmits the complete image symbol to a display module AZM.
  • the display module receives the image icon and overwrites the displayed image with the image icon.
  • FIG. 4 shows by way of example four track sections G1... G4.
  • the track section G3 is first shown in the displayed on the screen status screen by a picture icon whose color design symbolizes the state "Free".
  • the display module AZM overwrites this icon by the newly transmitted from the image module BAM1 image icon.
  • the new icon in this case has the same geometry but a different color than the original icon. The changed color indicates to the operating personnel the status "busy".
  • the display module only has the task of overwriting the existing state image with an image symbol which has been generated by a image build-up module. If z. B. after a change of the displayed section, a state image is to be completely rebuilt, so it is composed of the display module completely from individual transmitted image symbols.
  • Operator-specific icons are also treated as icons. They are thus also created by the image-building modules in the manner described using templates and transmitted to the display module.
  • the other image building module BAM2 executes the steps just explained for the image building module BAM1 in the same way, but independently. If the image enhancement modules BAM1 and BAM2 function correctly, the independently created image symbols must match pixel by pixel in their color values. To check this, the independently created icons can be compared with each other. In addition, it can be provided that image symbols are read back from the screen and compared with the image symbols created by the image building module BAM2.
  • image symbols are read back from the screen and compared with the image symbols created by the image building module BAM2.
  • Which of the two image enhancement modules BAM1 or BAM2 transmits image symbols to the display module AZM in a concrete individual case is not important here. In FIG. 2, therefore, the connections of the two image build-up modules BAM1 and BAM2 to the display module AZM are shown in the same way.
  • the project data and also the templates for the image symbols are stored in two independent protected memory areas, to which only one of the two image-building modules has access.
  • these storage areas are indicated by reference numerals SPC1 and SPC2.
  • the protected memory areas may, for example, be areas of a main memory which is managed by an operating system which ensures a strict separation of computer resources (eg Windows NT®).
  • the display module AZM be assigned a protected memory area SPAZM.
  • the inventive method has been successfully implemented on an X-Windows system.
  • the image building modules BAM1 and BAM2 are in this case X client applications, while the display module is an X server.
  • the transmission of the image symbols from the image processing modules to the X server is carried out according to the X protocol.
  • the X server has a very limited functionality compared to the otherwise common use. Usually, only the most necessary information for creating graphical representations is transmitted to the X server in order to minimize the data volume in the connecting network. From these data (eg coordinates of a polygon) the X-Server automatically determines the color values of the pixels to be displayed.
  • the X-client applications together with the X server on a computer, so that its powerful internal bus system can be used for the transfer.
  • the X server is connected to one or more graphics cards GK connected to a corresponding number of screens BS.
  • the entire system can thus be built with standard hardware and does not require a particularly developed operating system.
  • the invention is not limited to the use of an X-Windows system. Due to the limited functionality required by the display module, it is also possible to use certain client-server operating systems, such as Windows NT®.
  • the image enhancement modules can then be realized as normal client applications.
  • the role of the display module is assumed protected subsystem of the operating system. The transmission of image symbols in this case takes place via interfaces for local procedure calls. If the image building modules and the display module are spatially distributed over a network, the transmission takes place correspondingly via interfaces for remote procedure calls.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Digital Computer Display Output (AREA)
  • Calculators And Similar Devices (AREA)
  • Time-Division Multiplex Systems (AREA)
  • Facsimiles In General (AREA)
  • Computer And Data Communications (AREA)

Abstract

The method involves an operating position calculator (BPR) in which two image construction modules (BAM1,BAM2) to which state data (i1) is submitted to create independent symbol images made of pixels, at least module transferring the symbol images to a display module (AZM) at which the color value of each pixel of the symbol image is explicitly identified for display on a screen (BS). The image construction modules refer to templates stored in memories (SPC1,SPC2). An Independent claim is included for an operating position calculator to carry out the state display method.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur sicheren Anzeige des Zustandes einer signaltechnischen Anlage auf einem Bildschirm und einen Bedienplatzrechner zur Ausführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for the reliable display of the state of a signaling system on a screen and an operator station computer for carrying out the method.

Einführungintroduction

In Stellwerken und Betriebsleitstellen wird der aktuelle Zustand signaltechnischer Anlagen auf Bildschirmen angezeigt. Visualisiert werden beispielsweise Besetztzustände von Gleisabschnitten, die Lage von Weichen und Signalbegriffe. Das Bedienpersonal, z. B. ein Fahrdienstleiter, trifft auf der Grundlage des angezeigten Zustandes Entscheidungen und greift gezielt in das Betriebsgeschehen der Anlage ein. Kommt es bei der Anzeige des Zustandes zu einer für das Bedienpersonal nicht erkennbaren Verfälschung von visuellen Informationen, so können solche Eingriffe zu einer Gefährdung des Betriebes fuhren.In signal boxes and control centers, the current status of signaling systems is displayed on screens. Busy states of track sections, the location of switches and signal terms are visualized, for example. The operating personnel, for. B. a Dispatcher, on the basis of the state displayed decisions and intervenes targeted in the operation of the system. If there is a falsification of visual information which is not recognizable to the operating personnel when the condition is displayed, such interventions can endanger the operation.

Es sind daher verschiedene Verfahren entwickelt worden, wie Verfälschungen von Bildschirmanzeigen zuverlässig erkannt werden können. So ist beispielsweise aus der DE-C2-43 06 470 ein Verfahren bekannt, bei dem zugeführte Zustandsdaten in zwei unabhängigen logischen Kanälen aufbereitet und miteinander verglichen werden. Die graphische Benutzeroberfläche wird dabei vorzugsweise von einem X-Windows-System zur Verfügung gestellt.Therefore, various methods have been developed for detecting falsifications of screen displays reliably. For example, from DE-C2-43 06 470 a method is known in which supplied state data are processed in two independent logical channels and compared. The The graphical user interface is preferably provided by an X-Windows system.

Fig. 1 zeigt den Grundaufbau eines X-Windows-Systems. Wesentliche Komponenten sind ein X-Server XSERV und eine oder mehrere Client-Applikationen CLAPP1 und CLAPP2. Die Client-Applikationen setzen gewöhnlich auf eine X-Bibliothek XLIB auf, die den Client-Applikationen einen vereinbarten Befehlssatz zur Verfügung stellt. Aufrufe REQU von den Client-Applikationen an den X-Server XSERV werden von der X Bibliothek XLIB in das X-Protokoll übersetzt und über ein Netzwerk NETW übermittelt. Der X-Server XSERV erstellt daraus ein unmittelbar auf dem Bildschirm BS darstellbares Bild. Neben dem Bildschirm sind an den X-Server in der Regel Eingabegeräte wie Tastatur TAS und Maus MAUS angeschlossen. Der X-Server sorgt u. a. dafür, daß verschiedene Fenster über die Eingabegeräte aufrufbar und in Größe und Position veränderbar sind. Zwischen dem X-Server und dem Bildschirm ist lediglich eine Graphikkarte geschaltet, die u. a. einen Bildwiederholspeicher enthält.Fig. 1 shows the basic structure of an X-Windows system. Essential components are an X server XSERV and one or more client applications CLAPP1 and CLAPP2. The client applications typically rely on an X library of XLIB, which provides the client applications with an agreed set of instructions. REQU calls from the client applications to the X server XSERV are translated by the X library XLIB into the X protocol and transmitted over a network NETW. The X server XSERV creates an image that can be displayed directly on the screen BS. In addition to the screen, the X server usually has input devices such as keyboard TAS and mouse connected to it. The X server provides u. a. that different windows can be called up via the input devices and changed in size and position. Between the X server and the screen, only a graphics card is switched, the u. a. contains a frame buffer.

Durch die Eingabegeräte erzeugte Signale werden in Form von besonderen Nachrichten EVTS vom X-Server XSERV an die Client-Applikationen CLAPP1 und CLAPP2 über das Netzwerk NETW übermittelt. Außerdem gibt es Nachrichten REPL, mit denen der X-Server den Client-Applikationen bestimmte Aufrufe quittiert oder Fehlermeldungen übermittelt.Signals generated by the input devices are transmitted in the form of special messages EVTS from the X server XSERV to the client applications CLAPP1 and CLAPP2 via the network NETW. In addition, there are REPL messages that the X server uses to acknowledge calls or send error messages to client applications.

Aus der DE-A1-43 32 143 ist ein Verfahren zur Anzeige von Betriebszuständen bekannt, bei dem die Zustandsdaten zwar zweikanalig zugeführt werden, aber in einem Rechner nur teilweise zweikanalig aufbereitet werden. In einem Graphiksystem sind dort Bildsymbole hinterlegt, die in Abhängigkeit vom darzustellendem Zustand farbig ausgelegt werden. Das dort beschriebene Verfahren stößt jedoch auf ernste Sicherheitsbedenken, da das Graphiksystem selbst nur einfach vorhanden ist. Es ist beispielsweise nicht erkennbar, wenn ein Bildsymbol im Graphiksystem verfälscht aus dem Speicher geladen und in das Gesamtbild integriert wird.From DE-A1-43 32 143 a method for displaying operating states is known in which the state data are admittedly supplied with two channels, but are only partially processed in two channels in a computer. In a graphics system, icons are stored there, which are color-coded depending on the state to be displayed. However, the method described there encounters serious safety concerns, since the graphics system itself is present only in a simple manner. For example, it is not recognizable if an image symbol in the graphics system is loaded from the memory and integrated into the overall image.

Die EP 0 584 895 A2 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Anzeige von Betriebszustanden, bei dem aus Bildpunkten zusammengesetzte bildsymbole erstellt und mit Farbwerten versehen werden.EP 0 584 895 A2 discloses a method for displaying operating states in which image symbols composed of picture elements are created and provided with color values.

Aufgabetask

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zur sicheren Anzeige des Zustandes einer signaltechnischen Anlage auf einem Bildschirm anzugeben. Das Verfahren soll bei möglichst geringem Hard- und Softwareaufwand eine hohe Sicherheit beim Erkennen von Fehlern und Verfälschungen bieten.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a method for safe display of the state of a signaling system on a screen. The method should provide a high level of security in detecting errors and distortions with the least possible expenditure of hardware and software.

Zusammenfassung der ErfindungSummary of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst von einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1. Erfindungsgemäß erstellen zwei Bildaufbaumodule unter Verwendung zugeführter Zustandsdaten unabhängig voneinander aus Bildpunkten zusammengesetzte Bildsymbole (SYMB1, SYMB2). Wenigstens ein Bildaufbaumodul übermittelt die erstellten Bildsymbole an ein Anzeigemodul. Die Farbwerte der Bildpunkte für die Bildsymbole werden dabei explizit angegeben. Das Anzeigemodul setzt anschließend die übermittelten Bildsymbole zu einem unmittelbar auf dem Bildschirm anzeigbaren Zustandsbild zusammen.This object is achieved by a method having the features according to claim 1. According to the invention, two image build-up modules, using feed-in state data, independently of one another generate image symbols (SYMB1, SYMB2) composed of pixels. At least one image-building module transmits the created image symbols to a display module. The color values of the pixels for the image symbols are specified explicitly. The display module then assembles the transmitted image symbols to form a state that can be displayed directly on the screen.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden also auch die Bildsymbole unabhängig voneinander in zwei unterschiedlichen logischen Kanälen erzeugt. Das Anzeigemodul, welches nur einfach vorhanden ist, erhält von den Bildaufbaumodulen die vollständigen Bildpunktinformationen (d. h. die Farbwerte) für die Bildsymbole. Die Funktionalität des Anzeigemoduls ist somit beschränkt auf das Zusammensetzen der übermittelten Bildsymbole zu einem vollständigen Bild. Aufgrund dieser reduzierten Funktionalität ist auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit geringer, daß zur Verfälschung der Anzeige führende Fehler unerkannt bleiben.Thus, according to the method of the invention, the image symbols are also generated independently of one another in two different logical channels. The display module, which is simply present, receives from the image building modules the complete pixel information (i.e., the color values) for the icons. The functionality of the display module is thus limited to assembling the transmitted icons into a complete picture. Because of this reduced functionality, the likelihood that adulteration errors will go undetected is less likely.

Bei einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung greift jedes Bildaufbaumodul beim Erstellen der Bildsymbole auf einen eigenen geschützten Speicherbereich zu. In diesem Speicherbereich sind Vorlagen für Bildsymbole bildpunktweise gespeichert. Es wird somit verhindert, daß die Bildaufbaumodule gemeinsam auf einen fehlerhaften Speicher zugreifen und daraus parallel verfälschte Bildsymbole erstellen.In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, each image building module accesses its own protected memory area when creating the image symbols. In this memory area templates for picture symbols are stored pixel by pixel. It is thus prevented that the image acquisition modules jointly access a defective memory and create parallel falsified image symbols.

Bei einem anderen vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel handelt es sich bei den Bildaufbaumodulen um X-Clients und bei dem Anzeigemodul um einen X-Server. Da die erforderliche Sicherheit mit nur einem X-Server anstelle von sonst bei zweikanaligen Systemen üblichen zwei X-Servern erzielt wird, benötigt man bei der Realisierung nur eine X-Server-Lizenz.In another advantageous embodiment, the image-building modules are X-clients and the display module is an X-server. Since the required security is achieved with only one X server instead of the usual two-channel systems two X servers, you only need an X server license in the implementation.

Die Erfindung ist jedoch keineswegs auf die Verwendung eines X-Windows-Systems beschränkt Bei Einsatz bestimmter Client-Server-Betriebssysteme wie beispielsweise Windows NT® können die Bildaufbaumodule als Client-Prozesse realisiert werden. Das Anzeigemodul ist dann ein geschütztes Subsystem des Betriebssystems. Die Übermittlung von Bildsymbolen erfolgt dann über Schnittstellen für lokale oder entfernte Prozeduraufrufe.However, the invention is by no means limited to the use of an X-Windows system. When using certain client-server operating systems such as Windows NT®, the image build-up modules can be realized as client processes. The display module is then a protected subsystem of the operating system. The transmission of image symbols then takes place via interfaces for local or remote procedure calls.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Ausführungsbeispiele und der Zeichnungen eingehend erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1: Prinzipskizze zur Erläuterung eines X-Windows-Systems;
  • Fig. 2: Schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Bedienplatzrechners;
  • Fig. 3: Flußdiagramm zur Erläuterung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens;
  • Fig. 4: Visuelle Darstellung von besetzten und unbesetzten Gleisabschnitten.
The invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the drawings. Show it:
  • Fig. 1: Schematic diagram for explaining an X-Windows system;
  • Fig. 2: Schematic representation of an operator panel computer according to the invention;
  • 3 shows a flowchart for explaining the method according to the invention;
  • Fig. 4: Visual representation of occupied and unoccupied track sections.

Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch einen Bedienplatzrechner, dem über zwei unabhängige Eingabekanäle Zustandsdaten i1 und i2 zugeführt werden. Die Zustandsdaten stammen beispielsweise von einem signaltechnisch sicheren Stellwerksrechner. Die Zustandsdaten sind inhaltlich identisch und werden nur aus Sicherheitsgründen zweifach in unterschiedlichen Formaten übertragen (z. B. normal und invertiert). Denkbar ist jedoch auch, daß die Zustandsdaten nur einfach dem Bedienplatzrechner zugeführt und dort intern an beide Eingabekanäle verteilt werden.2 schematically shows an operator station computer to which status data i1 and i2 are fed via two independent input channels. The status data originate, for example, from a signal-technically safe interlocking computer. The status data are identical in content and are only transmitted twice in different formats for security reasons (eg normal and inverted). It is also conceivable, however, that the status data is simply fed to the operator station computer and internally distributed to both input channels.

Jeder Eingabekanal steht mit einem Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 bzw. BAM2 in Verbindung. Die Bildaufbaumodule BAM1 und BAM2 erstellen aus den zugeführten Zustandsdaten i1 und i2 Bildsymbole für die von den Zustandsdaten betroffenen Teile der signaltechnischen Anlage. Sie greifen dabei auf Projektdaten zurück, die u. a. Angaben enthalten, welches Bildsymbol für welche Art von Gleis- oder Feldelement zu verwenden ist. Komplexere Feldelemente, z. B. Hauptsignale, müssen ggf. aus mehreren Bildsymbolen zusammengesetzt werden. Die Regeln, welche Bildsymbole zu verwenden und wie diese anzuordnen sind, werden üblicherweise vom Anlagenbetreiber festgelegt. Sie sind vorzugsweise in beiden Bildaufbaumodulen BAM1 und BAM2 unabhängig voneinander abgelegt.Each input channel communicates with an image building module BAM1 or BAM2. The image enhancement modules BAM1 and BAM2 create image symbols for the parts of the signaling installation that are affected by the status data from the supplied status data i1 and i2. They use project data, which u. a. Specify which image icon to use for which type of track or field element. More complex field elements, eg. B. main signals, if necessary, must be composed of several icons. The rules on which icons to use and how to arrange them are usually set by the plant operator. They are preferably stored independently of one another in both image-building modules BAM1 and BAM2.

Anhand des in den Fig. 3 und Fig. 4 dargestellten Beispiels soll die Erstellung der Bildsymbole näher erläutert werden. Es sei angenommen, daß in einem Schritt 31 die Bildaufbaumodule BAM1 und BAM2 als Zustandsdatum von einem sicheren Stellwerksrechner die Meldung "Gleisabschnitt G3 besetzt" zugeführt bekommen. Mit diesem Zustandsdatum meldet der Stellwerksrechner die Besetzung des Gleisabschnitts G3 durch einen Zug.Based on the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the creation of the image symbols will be explained in more detail. It is assumed that in a step 31, the image enhancement modules BAM1 and BAM2 receive the message "track section G3 occupied" as the status data from a safe interlocking computer. With this status data, the interlocking computer reports the occupation of the track section G3 by a train.

Das Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 ermittelt nun in einem Schritt 32, welches Bildsymbol für die Darstellung eines Gleisabschnitts zu verwenden ist. Es greift dazu auf Projektdaten zu, denen in diesem Beispiel zu entnehmen ist, daß der betreffende Gleisabschnitt durch einen horizontalen Balken darzustellen ist. Aus einer Datei, in denen alle überhaupt möglichen Bildsymbole als Vorlagen gespeichert sind, ruft das Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 die Vorlage für das entsprechende Bildsymbol ab. Anschließend ordnet das Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 in einem Schritt 33 der Vorlage eine Vorder- und eine Hintergrundfarbe zu. Welche Farben dabei auszuwählen sind, richtet sich nach den oben bereits angesprochenen Regeln. Durch die Zuordnung der Farbwerte zu den einzelnen Bildpunkten der Vorlage entsteht das fertige Bildsymbol.The image building module BAM1 now determines in a step 32 which image symbol is to be used for the representation of a track section. It accesses to project data, which can be seen in this example that the track section in question is represented by a horizontal bar. From a file in which all possible image symbols are stored as templates, the image building module BAM1 retrieves the template for the corresponding image symbol. Subsequently, the image enhancement module BAM1 assigns a foreground and a background color to the original in a step 33. Which colors are to be selected depends on the rules already mentioned above. The assignment of the color values to the individual pixels of the template produces the finished image symbol.

Im folgenden Schritt 34 übermittelt erfindungsgemäß das Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 das vollständige Bildsymbol einem Anzeigemodul AZM. Vollständig heißt in diesem Zusammenhang, daß für alle Bildpunkte explizit die Farbwerte angegeben werden. Wenn das Symbol beispielsweise 13 mal 17 Bildpunkte groß ist und die Farbtiefe 8 Bit beträgt, so müssen zur Übermittlung des Bildsymbols mindestens (13x17x8)/8 = 221 Byte übermittelt werden. Zusätzlich zu den Farbwerten der Bildpunkte muß zumindest übermittelt werden, an welcher Stelle des anzuzeigenden Bildes das Symbol erscheinen soll. Die Koordinaten hierfür entnimmt das Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 den Projektdaten.In the following step 34, according to the invention, the image building module BAM1 transmits the complete image symbol to a display module AZM. Complete means in this Context that the color values are explicitly specified for all pixels. For example, if the symbol is 13 by 17 pixels and the color depth is 8 bits, at least (13x17x8) / 8 = 221 bytes must be transmitted to transmit the image symbol. In addition to the color values of the pixels, it must at least be communicated at which point of the image to be displayed the symbol should appear. The coordinates for this take the image building module BAM1 the project data.

Das Anzeigemodul empfängt das Bildsymbol und überschreibt das angezeigte Bild mit dem Bildsymbol. Fig. 4 zeigt exemplarisch vier Gleisabschnitte G1...G4. Der Gleisabschnitt G3 ist zunächst bei dem auf dem Bildschirm angezeigten Zustandsbild durch ein Bildsymbol dargestellt, dessen Farbgestaltung den Zustand "Frei" symbolisiert. Nach der Besetztmeldung überschreibt das Anzeigemodul AZM dieses Bildsymbol durch das neu vom Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 übermittelte Bildsymbol. Das neue Bildsymbol hat in diesem Fall die gleiche Geometrie, aber eine andere Farbgebung als das ursprünglich vorhandene Bildsymbol. Durch die veränderte Farbe wird dem Bedienpersonal der Zustand "besetzt" angezeigt.The display module receives the image icon and overwrites the displayed image with the image icon. FIG. 4 shows by way of example four track sections G1... G4. The track section G3 is first shown in the displayed on the screen status screen by a picture icon whose color design symbolizes the state "Free". After the busy message, the display module AZM overwrites this icon by the newly transmitted from the image module BAM1 image icon. The new icon in this case has the same geometry but a different color than the original icon. The changed color indicates to the operating personnel the status "busy".

Das Anzeigemodul hat also, wie oben bereits erwähnt, hier lediglich die Aufgabe, das bestehende Zustandsbild mit einem Bildsymbol zu überschreiben, welches von einem Bildaufbaumodul erzeugt worden ist. Wenn z. B. nach einem-Wechsel des anzuzeigenden Ausschnitts ein Zustandsbild komplett neu aufgebaut werden soll, so wird es vom Anzeigemodul vollständig aus einzelnen übermittelten Bildsymbolen zusammengesetzt.Thus, as already mentioned above, the display module only has the task of overwriting the existing state image with an image symbol which has been generated by a image build-up module. If z. B. after a change of the displayed section, a state image is to be completely rebuilt, so it is composed of the display module completely from individual transmitted image symbols.

Bedienerspezifische Symbole ("Pushbuttons") werden ebenso als Bildsymbole behandelt. Sie werden also ebenfalls von den Bildaufbaumodulen in der geschilderten Weise unter Verwendung von Vorlagen erstellt und an das Anzeigemodul übermittelt.Operator-specific icons ("pushbuttons") are also treated as icons. They are thus also created by the image-building modules in the manner described using templates and transmitted to the display module.

Das andere Bildaufbaumodul BAM2 führt die soeben für das Bildaufbaumodul BAM1 erläuterten Schritte in gleicher Weise, aber unabhängig davon aus. Bei einwandfreier Funktion der Bildaufbaumodule BAM1 und BAM2 müssen die unabhängig erstellten Bildsymbole Bildpunkt für Bildpunkt in ihren Farbwerten übereinstimmen. Um dies zu überprüfen, können die unabhängig voneinander erstellten Bildsymbole miteinander verglichen werden. Außerdem kann vorgesehen werden, daß Bildsymbole vom Bildschirm zurückgelesen und mit den vom Bildaufbaumodul BAM2 erstellten Bildsymbolen verglichen werden. Derartige Überprüfungen sind jedoch nicht Gegenstand der Erfindung, weswegen an dieser Stelle auf die eingangs zitierten Veröffentlichungen verwiesen wird. Welches der beiden Bildaufbaumodule BAM1 oder BAM2 dem Anzeigemodul AZM im konkreten Einzelfall Bildsymbole übermittelt, ist hier nicht von Bedeutung. In Fig. 2 sind daher die Verbindungen der beiden Bildaufbaumodule BAM1 und BAM2 zum Anzeigemodul AZM gleich dargestellt.The other image building module BAM2 executes the steps just explained for the image building module BAM1 in the same way, but independently. If the image enhancement modules BAM1 and BAM2 function correctly, the independently created image symbols must match pixel by pixel in their color values. To check this, the independently created icons can be compared with each other. In addition, it can be provided that image symbols are read back from the screen and compared with the image symbols created by the image building module BAM2. However, such reviews are not the subject of the invention, which is why reference is made at this point to the publications cited above. Which of the two image enhancement modules BAM1 or BAM2 transmits image symbols to the display module AZM in a concrete individual case is not important here. In FIG. 2, therefore, the connections of the two image build-up modules BAM1 and BAM2 to the display module AZM are shown in the same way.

Bei einem vorteilhaften Ausführungsbeispiel nach Anspruch 2 sind die Projektdaten und auch die Vorlagen für die Bildsymbole in zwei unabhängigen geschützten Speicherbereichen abgelegt, zu denen jeweils nur eines der beiden Bildaufbaumodule Zugriff hat. In Fig. 2 sind diese Speicherbereiche durch die Bezugszeichen SPC1 und SPC2 gekennzeichnet. Bei den geschützten Speicherbereichen kann es sich beispielsweise um Bereiche eines Hauptspeichers handeln, der von einem Betriebssystem verwaltet wird, welches eine strikte Trennung von Rechnerresourcen sicherstellt (z. B. Windows NT®). In diesem Hauptspeicher kann, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, auch dem Anzeigemodul AZM ein geschützter Speicherbereich SPAZM zugewiesen sein.In an advantageous embodiment according to claim 2, the project data and also the templates for the image symbols are stored in two independent protected memory areas, to which only one of the two image-building modules has access. In Fig. 2, these storage areas are indicated by reference numerals SPC1 and SPC2. The protected memory areas may, for example, be areas of a main memory which is managed by an operating system which ensures a strict separation of computer resources (eg Windows NT®). In this main memory, as shown in Fig. 2, the display module AZM be assigned a protected memory area SPAZM.

Kommt es in einem der Speicherbereichen SPC1 oder SPC2 zu einer Verfälschung von gespeicherten Informationen, so ist auf diese Weise sichergestellt, daß sich von den Bildaufbaumodulen BAM1 und BAM2 erstellte Bildsymbole unterscheiden. Bei einem Vergleich der Bildsymbole wird die somit Verfälschung zuverlässig erkannt.If a corruption of stored information occurs in one of the memory areas SPC1 or SPC2, this ensures that image symbols created by the image-building modules BAM1 and BAM2 differ. When comparing the icons, the thus falsification is reliably detected.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist erfolgreich implementiert worden auf einem X-Windows-System. Die Bildaufbaumodule BAM1 und BAM2 sind in diesem Fall X-Client-Anwendungen, während das Anzeigemodul ein X-Server ist. Die Übermittlung der Bildsymbole von den Bildaufbaumodulen zum X-Server erfolgt gemäß dem X-Protokoll. Der X-Server hat erfindungsgemäß eine - im Vergleich zur sonst gängigen Verwendung - sehr eingeschränkte Funktionalität. Üblicherweise werden dem X-Server nur die nötigsten Angaben zur Erstellung von graphischen Darstellungen übermittelt, um das Datenaufkommen im verbindenden Netzwerk zu minimieren. Aus diesen Angaben (z. B. Koordinaten eines Polygonzuges) ermittelt der X-Server selbständig die Farbwerte der anzuzeigenden Bildpunkte.The inventive method has been successfully implemented on an X-Windows system. The image building modules BAM1 and BAM2 are in this case X client applications, while the display module is an X server. The transmission of the image symbols from the image processing modules to the X server is carried out according to the X protocol. According to the invention, the X server has a very limited functionality compared to the otherwise common use. Usually, only the most necessary information for creating graphical representations is transmitted to the X server in order to minimize the data volume in the connecting network. From these data (eg coordinates of a polygon) the X-Server automatically determines the color values of the pixels to be displayed.

Erfindungsgemäß wird hingegen das anzuzeigende Bild vollständig, wenn auch in einzelnen Teilen (= Bildsymbole), dem X-Servem von den X-Client-Anwendungen übermittelt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der Umfang der Datenübermittlung zwischen den X-Client-Anwendungen einerseits und dem X-Server andererseits nicht unerheblich ist. Wenn die X-Client-Anwendungen räumlich entfernt vom X-Server angeordnet ist, so ist folglich für eine ausreichende Übertragungskapazitäl auf dem verbindenden Netzwerk zu sorgen. Vorzugsweise jedoch befinden sich sind die X-Client-Anwendungen zusammen mit dem X-Server auf einem Rechner, so daß dessen leistungsfähiges internes Bussystem für die Übertragung genutzt werden kann.According to the invention, however, the image to be displayed is completely, albeit in individual parts (= icons), the X-Servem transmitted by the X-client applications. This has the consequence that the extent of data transfer between the X-client applications on the one hand and the X-server on the other hand is not insignificant. Consequently, if the X client applications are located remotely from the X server, sufficient transmission capacity must be provided on the connecting network. Preferably, however, are the X-client applications together with the X server on a computer, so that its powerful internal bus system can be used for the transfer.

Der X-Server ist an eine oder mehrere Graphikkarten GK angeschlossen, die mit einer entsprechenden Zahl von Bildschirmen BS verbunden sind. Das Gesamtsystem kann somit mit Standard-Hardware aufgebaut werden und benötigt kein besonders zu entwickelndes Betriebssystem.The X server is connected to one or more graphics cards GK connected to a corresponding number of screens BS. The entire system can thus be built with standard hardware and does not require a particularly developed operating system.

Die Erfindung ist freilich nicht auf die Verwendung eines X-Windows-Systems beschränkt. Aufgrund der geringen Funktionalität, die vom Anzeigemodul verlangt wird, kommt auch ein Einsatz bestimmter Client-Server-Betriebssysteme wie beispielsweise Windows NT® in Frage. Die Bildaufbaumodule sind dann als normale Client-Anwendungen zu realisieren. Die Rolle des Anzeigemoduls übemimmt ein geschütztes Subsystem des Betriebssystems. Die Übermittlung von Bildsymbolen erfolgt in diesem Fall über Schnittstellen für lokale Prozeduraufrufe. Wenn die Bildaufbaumodule und das Anzeigemodul räumlich über ein Netzwerk verteilt sind, so erfolgt die Übermittlung entsprechend über Schnittstellen für entfernte Prozeduraufrufe. Of course, the invention is not limited to the use of an X-Windows system. Due to the limited functionality required by the display module, it is also possible to use certain client-server operating systems, such as Windows NT®. The image enhancement modules can then be realized as normal client applications. The role of the display module is assumed protected subsystem of the operating system. The transmission of image symbols in this case takes place via interfaces for local procedure calls. If the image building modules and the display module are spatially distributed over a network, the transmission takes place correspondingly via interfaces for remote procedure calls.

Claims (7)

  1. Method for secure display of the status of a signalling technology system on a screen (BS) with the aid of an operator terminal computer (BPR), comprising the following steps:
    a) at least two picture structure modules (BAM1, BAM2) create picture symbols assembled from picture dots independently of one another using supplied status data (i1, i2),
    b) at least one picture structure module transmits the picture symbols it has created to precisely one display module (AZM), the colour value being explicitly indicated for each individual picture dot of the picture symbols,
    c) the display module assembles the transmitted picture symbols into a status picture immediately displayable on the screen.
  2. Method according to claim 1, in which each picture structure module (BAM1, BAM2) accesses its own protected memory area (SPC1, SPC2), in which models for picture symbols are stored, when creating the picture symbols.
  3. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the picture structure modules are X client applications, the display module is an X server and the transmission of picture symbols is done according to the X protocol.
  4. Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, in which the picture structure modules are protected client processes of a client server operating system, the display module is a protected subsystem of the client server operating system and the transmission of picture symbols is done either via a message interface for local procedure calls or via a message interface for remote procedure calls.
  5. Operator terminal computer (BPR) for secure display of the status of a signalling technology system on a screen (BS) with:
    a) at least two picture structure modules (BAM1, BAM2) which create picture symbols assembled from picture dots independently of one another using supplied status data (i1, i2) and at the same time explicitly indicate the colour values of the individual picture dots and
    b) a display module which receives picture symbols transmitted from at least one picture structure module and assembles the transmitted picture symbols into a status picture immediately displayable on the screen.
  6. Operator terminal computer according to claim 5, in which the picture structure modules are X client applications, the display module is an X server and the transmission of picture symbols is done according to the X protocol.
  7. Operator terminal computer according to claim 5, in which the picture structure modules are protected client processes of a client server operating system, the display module is a protected subsystem of the client server operating system and the transmission of picture symbols is done either via a message interface for local procedure calls or via a message interface for remote procedure calls.
EP99440192A 1998-07-10 1999-07-09 Method for securely displaying the status of a signalling installation Expired - Lifetime EP0970869B1 (en)

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DE19830926A DE19830926A1 (en) 1998-07-10 1998-07-10 Process for the safe display of the status of a signaling system

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IT202200003491A1 (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-05-24 Rete Ferroviaria Italiana S P A METHOD AND SYSTEM TO GENERATE AN OUTPUT IMAGE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STATE OF A RAILWAY INSTALLATION.
IT202200003482A1 (en) * 2022-02-24 2022-05-24 Rete Ferroviaria Italiana S P A SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REPRESENTING THE STATUS OF A RAILWAY INSTALLATION IN A COMMERCIAL OPERATOR TERMINAL ON AN OPEN NETWORK
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EP4234360A1 (en) * 2022-02-24 2023-08-30 RFI S.p.A. Method and system for generating an output image representative of a status of a railway transportation plant

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ATE320954T1 (en) 2006-04-15
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EP0970869A2 (en) 2000-01-12

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