EP0968095A1 - Swing arm especially for a front or rear axle - Google Patents

Swing arm especially for a front or rear axle

Info

Publication number
EP0968095A1
EP0968095A1 EP98919069A EP98919069A EP0968095A1 EP 0968095 A1 EP0968095 A1 EP 0968095A1 EP 98919069 A EP98919069 A EP 98919069A EP 98919069 A EP98919069 A EP 98919069A EP 0968095 A1 EP0968095 A1 EP 0968095A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
swing arm
parts
hollow
arm
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP98919069A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Friedrich Klaas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Magna IHV Gesellschaft fur Innenhochdruck Verfahren mbH
Original Assignee
Magna IHV Gesellschaft fur Innenhochdruck Verfahren mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Magna IHV Gesellschaft fur Innenhochdruck Verfahren mbH filed Critical Magna IHV Gesellschaft fur Innenhochdruck Verfahren mbH
Publication of EP0968095A1 publication Critical patent/EP0968095A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/001—Suspension arms, e.g. constructional features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/012—Hollow or tubular elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/10—Constructional features of arms
    • B60G2206/124—Constructional features of arms the arm having triangular or Y-shape, e.g. wishbone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/80—Manufacturing procedures
    • B60G2206/81—Shaping
    • B60G2206/8107—Shaping by hydroforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/80—Manufacturing procedures
    • B60G2206/82—Joining
    • B60G2206/8201—Joining by welding

Definitions

  • Axle rocker for the movable attachment of wheels to a support element, characterized in that it has at least two hollow arm parts (12, 14), one of which has a connection, via the internal high-pressure forming process (IHV process), possibly with changing cross sections - Has elevation, which is inserted into the end section of the other arm and fastened therein, the elevations in the outer diameter corresponding to the inner cross section of the other arm part, so that the arm part can be plugged onto this.
  • IHV process internal high-pressure forming process
  • axle swing arm according to claim 1 characterized in that the elevations formed by the IHV method are cut under the connection of the other part.
  • axle swing arm according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollow parts (12, 14) at least partially consist of a cold-formable, preferably work-hardenable, metal or metal alloy or plastic and have a parallel to the outer contours of the hollow parts (12, 14) fiber course .
  • axle swing arm according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual parts consist of different materials and / or material thicknesses.
  • axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material at least partially carbon-containing steel such as ST 34, ST 52 and or made of light metal, aluminum, titanium or an alloy thereof or of fiber-reinforced material. 10
  • axle swing arm according to claim 5 characterized in that the Al alloy is a naturally hard alloy or a cold-hardening alloy.
  • axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material is at least partially a fiber-reinforced material.
  • axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow molded parts (12, 14) have at least partially molded profiles, such as longitudinal and / or transverse ribs.
  • axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross sections of the elevations or also of the connecting parts in the connection area are asymmetrical and / or angular - for example. Triangular, polygonal or polygonal or oval or round.
  • axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall thickness over the entire axle swing arm is substantially constant.
  • axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists essentially of ST 34 or ST 52 steel with a wall thickness of about 1-5 mm, preferably between about 1, 5 and 2.5 mm.
  • Axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual parts are attached to one another by welding, gluing, riveting, soldering or the like.
  • axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a front axle swing arm or a rear axle swing arm for a motor vehicle axle or a landing gear, such as an aircraft landing gear.
  • Axle swingarm especially for a front or rear axle
  • the invention relates to an axle swing arm for the movable attachment of wheels to a support element, in particular for the independent wheel suspension in passenger cars, which attaches the wheels to the axle body
  • Axle swingarms are generally known. They were usually manufactured in a hollow shell construction, which was welded together from at least two sheets. This hollow shell construction required a comparatively high material weight due to the weld seams - it was also not possible to produce cross sections that could withstand the stresses optimally high manufacturing effort This led to undesirably high weights of these parts - especially if an increased load capacity was desired. After all, the weld seams were often the cause of rejects. The required loads required a certain installation space for this
  • axle rocker arm which has at least two hollow arm parts, which may be hollow using the internal high pressure forming process (IHV process), with changing cross sections, at least one of which has at least one connection elevation which is inserted into the end section of the other arm and is then attached, the elevations in the outer diameter corresponding to the inner cross section of the other arm part, so that the connecting parts can be plugged onto this
  • IHV process internal high pressure forming process
  • the arm parts at least partially consist of a cold-formable, preferably cold-workable, metal or metal alloy or plastic and a fiber course parallel to the outer contours of the arm parts
  • the hollow molded parts can therefore consist of a single material, for example steel or a light metal alloy, but depending on the use, it is also possible to form laminate material, including plastic-coated or coated pipes.
  • steel such as carbon-containing steel such as ST 34 or ST 52, light metal, aluminum, magnesium, titanium or an / alloy thereof or of fiber-reinforced material.
  • a naturally hard alloy or a cold-hardening alloy can be used as the AI alloy.
  • the hollow arm parts can have at least partially molded profiles, such as longitudinal and / or transverse ribs. This may result in further material savings.
  • the cross sections of the elevations or also of the connecting parts in the connection area are asymmetrical and / or angular - for example three, four or polygonal or oval - but they can also be t and.
  • the wall thickness can be substantially constant over the entire respective swing arm part.
  • a connecting profile to be formed on at least one end of the hollow axle rocker in order to simplify the fastening of the axle rocker, for example, to the side member of a motor vehicle. Thanks to the IHV process, particularly light parts with small dimensions can be produced - so less space is required compared to hollow shells.
  • axle swing arm according to the invention essentially consists of ST 34 or ST 52 steel with a wall thickness of approximately 1-5 mm, preferably between approximately 1.5 and 2.5 mm.
  • axle rocker The nested parts of the axle rocker can be attached to each other by welding, gluing, riveting, soldering and other connection techniques familiar to a person skilled in the art.
  • the elevations on the individual parts can be cut open, for example, so that an open part is created - but it is also possible. ,. to use the elevation uncut and only to clip on the arm part - this leads to a little increased weight, but to a further strengthening of the connection area and saves one work step (cutting open).
  • the specialist can select appropriate measures depending on the area of application.
  • the axle swing arm can be, for example, a front axle swing arm or a rear axle swing arm for a motor vehicle axle or other undercarriages, such as an aircraft undercarriage.
  • strain hardening which creates particularly favorable strength properties of the element.
  • cold-forming processes are energetically favorable.
  • the high pressure process as such is known.
  • the mentioned internal high-pressure process or IHV process is understood here to mean the process that has been described, for example, in Industriean accorder No. 20 of March 9, 1984, or also in "Metallumformtechnik", Edition 1 D / 91, page 15 ff: A.
  • Ebbinghaus Precision workpieces in lightweight construction, produced by internal high pressure forming "or also material and operation 123 to 243: A.
  • Ebbinghaus " Economic construction with internal high pressure formed precision workpieces "or also” Material and operation 122, (1991), 11, (1989), pages 933 to 938. In the following, reference is made in full to avoid repetitions of their disclosure.
  • This method has previously been used for the production of various shaped hollow parts, such as or for the production of built camshafts for fastening cams to a tube, for the production of hollow camshafts, for the production of space control axles but also for the production of motor vehicle frame parts.
  • This internal high-pressure process can be used to produce completely new hollow metal components, in which the grain of the walls runs essentially parallel to the outer contour, without any buckling or other weakening.
  • the hollow components can consequently be formed in a lighter form than before due to the high wall strength due to the favorable fiber orientation parallel to the outer contours and the strain hardening, and thereby enable considerable weight savings.
  • laminated materials for the mold, provided that they can be formed together. Laminates may By J h suitable choice of material lighter than solid materials and do not have to act to dampen vibration or also to the surfaces corresponding to the environmental stresses the advantage (corrosion by acids, etc.) have other layers, 5
  • an essentially constant wall thickness can be achieved in the molded part - even when connecting elements are molded on, so that weakening of the wall thickness due to the formation of elevations at least partially can be compensated so that this takes place without weakening.
  • axle swing arm according to the invention can, of course, be used with correspondingly adapted dimensions and, if appropriate, also materials in vehicles of all types in order to ensure an elastic and vibration-damping independent wheel suspension.
  • axle rocker material it is possible for the axle rocker material to be multi-layered, whereby the layers can be made of the same or different material, which can be metallic or non-metallic, plastic or ceramic.
  • the layers can be made of the same or different material, which can be metallic or non-metallic, plastic or ceramic.
  • a metal part can be protected against corrosion or can also be manufactured with "material-specific" vibration damping.
  • the outer molded part may have a plurality of layers of the same or different materials lying on top of one another and running parallel to one another and whose fiber course is parallel to one another.
  • the entire component can consist essentially of the same or different light metals.
  • the light metal can be aluminum or an alloy of the same, which can also be associated with a favorable corrosion resistance. 6
  • An advantageous method for the production of hollow molded parts is that a hollow outer mold is produced in a manner known per se by drawing, casting, extruding, hydroforming, which is then finished by the IHV method known per se.
  • Multi-layer metal pipes can also be selected as starting parts, depending on the requirements of the material.
  • multilayer designs have the advantage that the surfaces of the hollow part can be subjected to different loads, and also the advantage of poorly conducting vibrations of all types, which decisively improves the vibration behavior of the hollow part in use. Due to the fact that an internal high pressure forming process is used, it is possible to collect elevations and depressions, openings and the like in one molding process. Like. To produce on the outer hollow part. This makes it possible to reduce the amount of after-treatment.
  • a wide variety of hollow profiles namely rectangular profiles, angle profiles, pipes, etc., can be used as arm parts, the cross-sectional shape changing over the course of the part.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a rocker according to the invention in plan view.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial area of the axle rocker according to FIG. 1 in longitudinal section; 3 shows a partial area of the axle swing arm according to the invention in cross section along the line AA of FIG. 2
  • Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of an axle rocker along the line A-A of Fig. 2, and
  • FIG. 5 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of an axle swing arm according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 and 3 which each show the same component in a perspective view and parts of it once in longitudinal section and once in cross section, a preferred embodiment of the axle rocker according to the invention consists of tubular steel.
  • the steel pipe was three-dimensionally formed here using the IHV process.
  • any elongated hollow body that does not have to be round in cross section is understood as a tube.
  • the end of the arm part 14 is attached and fastened to the arm part 12, which has been formed with an elevation.
  • the elevation which is produced as a closed protuberance in the IHV method, was cut open before the arm part 14 was attached and the cut off area was removed.
  • the arms of the axle swing arm - targeted molded-in groove depressions can be formed in certain areas of the tube - in order to reinforce the element later at certain points so that the loads can be better withstood there .
  • the hollow profiles of the component can have different diameters along their longitudinal extent, as well as different cross sections. 8th
  • FIG. 4 shows another application form of an element according to the invention. It is a rocker arm in which an angular cross section is formed to improve the securing of the connecting seam between the parts against rotation at the end region of the arm and in the elevation.
  • FIG. 5 a rocker arm is shown in which the elevation produced by the IHV method was not cut off and the arm part 14 was plugged directly onto the closed elevation and fastened to it, without the step of cutting off the end of the elevation being connected upstream had to become.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Axle Suspensions And Sidecars For Cycles (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pyrrole Compounds (AREA)
  • Nitrogen Condensed Heterocyclic Rings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a swing arm for moveably fitting wheels onto a support element, characterised in that it has at least two hollow arm parts (12, 14), hollow-moulded using the internal high pressure moulding method, optionally with variable cross-sections. One of said arm parts has a connecting projection which is inserted into and fixed in the end section of the other arm. The exterior diameter of the projection corresponds to the interior cross-section of the other arm part so that the arm part can be placed thereon.

Description

Ansprüche Expectations
1. Achsschwinge zur beweglichen Anbringung von Rädern an einem Trageelement, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mindestens zwei hohle über das Innen- hochdruckumformverfahren (IHV-Verfahren) ggf. mit sich ändernden Querschnitten hohlgeformte Armteile (12, 14) aufweist, von denen einer eine Anschluß-Erhebung aufweist, die in den Endabschnitt des anderen Arms eingesteckt und darin befestigt ist, wobei die Erhebungen im Außendurchmesser dem Innenquerschnitt des anderen Armteils entsprechen, so daß das Armteil auf dieses aufgesteckt werden kann.1. Axle rocker for the movable attachment of wheels to a support element, characterized in that it has at least two hollow arm parts (12, 14), one of which has a connection, via the internal high-pressure forming process (IHV process), possibly with changing cross sections - Has elevation, which is inserted into the end section of the other arm and fastened therein, the elevations in the outer diameter corresponding to the inner cross section of the other arm part, so that the arm part can be plugged onto this.
2. Achsschwinge nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mittels des IHV-Verfahrens ausgebildeten Erhebungen unter dem Anschluß des anderen Teils aufgeschnitten sind.2. axle swing arm according to claim 1, characterized in that the elevations formed by the IHV method are cut under the connection of the other part.
3. Achsschwinge nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Hohlteile (12, 14) zumindest teilweise aus einem kaltumformbaren, bevorzugt kaltverfestigbaren, Metall oder Metallegierung oder Kunststoff bestehen und einen zu den Außenkonturen der Hohlteile (12, 14) parallelen Faserverlauf aufweisen.3. axle swing arm according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hollow parts (12, 14) at least partially consist of a cold-formable, preferably work-hardenable, metal or metal alloy or plastic and have a parallel to the outer contours of the hollow parts (12, 14) fiber course .
4. Achsschwinge nach irgendeinem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einzelteile aus verschiedenen Materialien und/oder Materialstärken bestehen.4. axle swing arm according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual parts consist of different materials and / or material thicknesses.
5. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material zumindest teilweise kohlenstoffhaltiger Stahl wie ST 34, ST 52 und oder aus Leichtmetall, Aluminium, Titan oder einer Legierung derselben oder aus faserverstärktem Material besteht. 105. axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material at least partially carbon-containing steel such as ST 34, ST 52 and or made of light metal, aluminum, titanium or an alloy thereof or of fiber-reinforced material. 10
6. Achsschwinge nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die AI-Legierung eine naturharte Legierung oder eine kaltaushärtende Legierung ist.6. axle swing arm according to claim 5, characterized in that the Al alloy is a naturally hard alloy or a cold-hardening alloy.
7. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material zumindest teilweise ein faserverstärkter Werkstoff ist.7. axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the material is at least partially a fiber-reinforced material.
8. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hohlen Formteile (12,14) mindestens teilweise eingeformte Profile, wie Längs- und/oder Querrippen, aufweisen.8. axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hollow molded parts (12, 14) have at least partially molded profiles, such as longitudinal and / or transverse ribs.
9. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Querschnitte der Erhebungen bzw. auch der Verbindungsteile im Verbindungsbereich unsymmetrisch und/oder eckig - bspw. drei-, vier- oder mehreckig oder oval oder rund ausgebildet sind.9. axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross sections of the elevations or also of the connecting parts in the connection area are asymmetrical and / or angular - for example. Triangular, polygonal or polygonal or oval or round.
10. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wanddicke über die gesamte Achsschwinge im wesentlichen konstant ist.10. axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall thickness over the entire axle swing arm is substantially constant.
11. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie im wesentlichen aus ST 34 oder ST 52-Stahl mit einer Wanddicke von etwa 1 - 5 mm, bevorzugt zwischen etwa 1 ,5 und 2,5 mm besteht.11. axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists essentially of ST 34 or ST 52 steel with a wall thickness of about 1-5 mm, preferably between about 1, 5 and 2.5 mm.
12. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einzelteile aneinander durch Schweißen, Kleben, Nieten, Löten od. dgl. befestigt sind.12. Axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the individual parts are attached to one another by welding, gluing, riveting, soldering or the like.
13. Achsschwinge nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Vorderachsschwinge oder eine Hinterachsschwinge für eine Kfz-Achse oder ein Fahrwerk, wie ein Flugzeugfahrwerk ist. Achsschwinge, insbesondere für eine Vorder- oder Hinterachse13. axle swing arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is a front axle swing arm or a rear axle swing arm for a motor vehicle axle or a landing gear, such as an aircraft landing gear. Axle swingarm, especially for a front or rear axle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Achsschwinge zur beweglichen Anbringung von Radern an einem Trageelement, insbesondere für die Einzelradaufhängung in Personenkraftwagen, die die Rader am Achskorper anbringtThe invention relates to an axle swing arm for the movable attachment of wheels to a support element, in particular for the independent wheel suspension in passenger cars, which attaches the wheels to the axle body
Achsschwingen sind allgemein bekannt Sie wurden üblicherweise in Hohlscha- lenbauweise hergestellt, die aus mindestens zwei Blechen zusammengeschweißt wurden Diese Hohlschalenbauweise forderte aufgrund der Schweißnahte ein vergleichsweise hohes Mateπalgewicht - es konnten auch keine Querschnitte hergestellt werden, die optimal den Belastungen standhalten konnten Diese bekannten Achsschwingen erforderten einen hohen Herstellungsaufwand Dies führte zu unerwünscht hohen Gewichten dieser Teile - insbesondere, wenn eine erhöhte Belastbarkeit erwünscht war Schließlich waren die Schweißnahte häufig Ursache für Ausschuß Durch die geforderten Belastungen war dazu ein bestimmter Bauraum erforderlichAxle swingarms are generally known. They were usually manufactured in a hollow shell construction, which was welded together from at least two sheets. This hollow shell construction required a comparatively high material weight due to the weld seams - it was also not possible to produce cross sections that could withstand the stresses optimally high manufacturing effort This led to undesirably high weights of these parts - especially if an increased load capacity was desired. After all, the weld seams were often the cause of rejects. The required loads required a certain installation space for this
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine einfachere und leichtere Achsschwinge zu schaffenIt is therefore an object of the invention to provide a simpler and lighter swing arm
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemaß durch eine Achsschwinge gelost, die mindestens zwei hohle über das Innenhochdruckumformverfahren (IHV-Verfahren) ggf mit sich ändernden Querschnitten hohlgeformte Armteile aufweist, von denen mindestens einer mindestens eine Anschluß-Erhebung aufweist, die in den Endabschnitt des anderen Arms eingesteckt und dann befestigt ist, wobei die Erhebungen im Außendurchmesser dem Innenquerschnitt des anderen Armteils entsprechen, so daß die Verbindungsteile auf diese aufgesteckt werden könnenThe object is achieved according to the invention by means of an axle rocker arm which has at least two hollow arm parts, which may be hollow using the internal high pressure forming process (IHV process), with changing cross sections, at least one of which has at least one connection elevation which is inserted into the end section of the other arm and is then attached, the elevations in the outer diameter corresponding to the inner cross section of the other arm part, so that the connecting parts can be plugged onto this
Es ist vorteilhaft, daß die Armteile zumindest teilweise aus einem kaltumformba- ren, bevorzugt kaltverfestigbaren, Metall oder Metallegierung oder Kunststoff bestehen und einen zu den Außenkonturen der Armteile parallelen Faserverlauf Die Hohlformteile können also sowohl aus einem einzigen Material, bspw. Stahl oder einer Leichtmetallegierung, bestehen, es ist aber je nach Einsatz auch möglich, Laminatmaterial, auch kunststoffbeschichtete oder überzogene Rohre umzuformen.It is advantageous that the arm parts at least partially consist of a cold-formable, preferably cold-workable, metal or metal alloy or plastic and a fiber course parallel to the outer contours of the arm parts The hollow molded parts can therefore consist of a single material, for example steel or a light metal alloy, but depending on the use, it is also possible to form laminate material, including plastic-coated or coated pipes.
Genauso ist es möglich, bei den verschiedenen Tenen der erfindungsgemäßen Achsschwinge verschiedene Materialien einzusetzen - je nach Anforderung. Bei der Aufbereitung der Achsschwinge für das Recycling des Materials können die Teile leicht wieder voneinander getrennt werden.It is also possible to use different materials for the different tines of the axle swing arm according to the invention - depending on the requirement. When preparing the axle swingarm for recycling the material, the parts can be easily separated from one another.
Es ist günstig, daß sie zumindest teilweise aus Stahl, wie kohlenstoffhaltigem Stahl wie ST 34 oder ST 52, Leichtmetall, Aluminium, Magnesium, Titan oder einer/ Legierung derselben oder aus faserverstärktem Material besteht. Als AI-Legierung kann bspw. eine naturharte Legierung oder eine kaltaushär-tende Legierung eingesetzt werden.It is favorable that it consists at least partially of steel, such as carbon-containing steel such as ST 34 or ST 52, light metal, aluminum, magnesium, titanium or an / alloy thereof or of fiber-reinforced material. For example, a naturally hard alloy or a cold-hardening alloy can be used as the AI alloy.
Es kann zur Verstärkung sinnvoll sein, daß die hohlen Armteile mindestens teilweise eingeformte Profile, wie Längs- und/oder Querrippen, aufweisen. Dadurch kann ggf. eine weitere Materialersparnis erzielt werden.For reinforcement, it can be useful for the hollow arm parts to have at least partially molded profiles, such as longitudinal and / or transverse ribs. This may result in further material savings.
Zur Verbesserung der Verwindungssteifigkeit der Schwinge ist es sinnvoll, daß die Querschnitte der Erhebungen bzw. auch der Verbindungsteile im Verbindungsbereich unsymmetrisch und/oder eckig - bspw. drei- vier- oder mehreckig oder oval ausgebildet sind - sie können aber auch t und sein.To improve the torsional stiffness of the rocker, it makes sense that the cross sections of the elevations or also of the connecting parts in the connection area are asymmetrical and / or angular - for example three, four or polygonal or oval - but they can also be t and.
Die Wanddicke kann über das gesamte jeweilige Achsschwingenteil im wesentlichen konstant sein.The wall thickness can be substantially constant over the entire respective swing arm part.
Es ist sinnvoll, daß an mindestens einem Ende der hohlen Achsschwinge ein Anschlußprofil ausgeformt ist, um die Befestigung der Achsschwinge bspw. am Längsträger eines Kraftfahrzeugs zu vereinfachen. Durch das IHV-Verfahren können besonders leichte Teile mit geringen Abmessungen hergestellt werden - also wird ein geringerer Bauraum gegenüber Hohlschalen benötigt.It makes sense for a connecting profile to be formed on at least one end of the hollow axle rocker in order to simplify the fastening of the axle rocker, for example, to the side member of a motor vehicle. Thanks to the IHV process, particularly light parts with small dimensions can be produced - so less space is required compared to hollow shells.
Es ist besonders bevorzugt, daß die erfindungsgemäße Achsschwinge im wesentlichen aus ST 34 oder ST 52-Stahl mit einer Wanddicke von etwa 1 - 5 mm, bevorzugt zwischen etwa 1 ,5 und 2,5 mm besteht.It is particularly preferred that the axle swing arm according to the invention essentially consists of ST 34 or ST 52 steel with a wall thickness of approximately 1-5 mm, preferably between approximately 1.5 and 2.5 mm.
Die ineinandergesteckten Einzelteile der Achsschwinge können durch Schweißen, Kleben, Nieten, Löten und sonstige, dem Fachmann geläufige Verbindungstechniken aneinander befestigt werden.The nested parts of the axle rocker can be attached to each other by welding, gluing, riveting, soldering and other connection techniques familiar to a person skilled in the art.
Die Erhebungen auf den Einzelteilen können bspw. aufgeschnitten sein, so daß ein offenes Teil entsteht - es ist aber auch mögli. ,. die Erhebung unaufgeschnit- ten zu verwenden und lediglich das Armteil aufzustecken - dies führt zu etwas erhöhtem Gewicht, aber zu weiterer Verstärkung des Verbindungsbereichs und spart einen Arbeitsgang (aufschneiden) ein. Der Fachmann kann je nach Anwendungsbereich entsprechende Maßnahmen auswählen.The elevations on the individual parts can be cut open, for example, so that an open part is created - but it is also possible. ,. to use the elevation uncut and only to clip on the arm part - this leads to a little increased weight, but to a further strengthening of the connection area and saves one work step (cutting open). The specialist can select appropriate measures depending on the area of application.
Die Achsschwinge kann bspw. eine Vorderachsschwinge oder eine Hinterachsschwinge für eine Kfz-Achse oder sonstige Fahrwerke, wie ein Flugzeugfahrwerk sein.The axle swing arm can be, for example, a front axle swing arm or a rear axle swing arm for a motor vehicle axle or other undercarriages, such as an aircraft undercarriage.
Dadurch, daß nun eine mindestens zweiteilige, aus innenhochdruckumgeformten Teilen hergestellte Achsschwinge vorgesehen wird, kann diese leichter als bekannte, aus Einzelschalen zusammengesetzte Teile bei gleichen oder besseren Belastungseigenschaften hergestellt und auch gegenüber bekannten Teilen eine Materialersparnis erzielt werden. Sie kann außerdem dem geforderten Bauraum optimal angepaßt werden.The fact that an at least two-part axle rocker made from internal high-pressure molded parts is now provided makes it easier to manufacture than known parts composed of individual shells with the same or better loading properties, and material savings can also be achieved compared to known parts. It can also be optimally adapted to the required installation space.
Es ist sinnvoll, diese Teile mittels des Innenhochdruckumformverfahrens kalt zu verformen - dadurch tritt bei der Kalt-Umformung im innenhochdruckverfahren 4It makes sense to cold-shape these parts using the hydroforming process - this occurs during cold-forming in the hydroforming process 4
eine Kaltverfestigung auf, die besonders günstige Festigkeitseigenschaften des Elementes schafft. Außerdem sind kaltverformendt Verfahren energetisch günstig.strain hardening, which creates particularly favorable strength properties of the element. In addition, cold-forming processes are energetically favorable.
Das Innenhochdruckverfahren als solches ist bekannt. Unter dem erwähnten In- nenhochdruckverfahren oder auch IHV-Verfahren wird hier das Verfahren verstanden, das beispielsweise im Industrieanzeiger Nr. 20 vom 9.3.1984 beschrieben worden ist oder auch in "Metallumformtechnik", Ausgabe 1 D/91 , Seite 15 ff: A. Ebbinghaus: Präzisionswerkstücke in Leichtbauweise, hergestellt durch Innen- hochdruckumformen" oder auch Werkstoff und Betrieb 123 bis 243: A. Ebbinghaus: "Wirtschaftliches Konstruieren mit innenhochdruckumgeformten Präzisi- onswerk-stücken" oder auch "Werkstoff und Betrieb 122, (1991 ), 11 , (1989), Seite 933 bis 938. Nachfolgend wird zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf deren Offenbarung in vollem Umfang Bezug genommen. Dieses Verfahren wurde bisher für die Herstellung von verschiedenen geformten Hohlteilen, wie bzw. zur Herstellung von gebauten Nockenwellen zur Befestigung von Nocken an einem Rohr, zur Herstellung von hohlen Nockenwellen, zur Herstellung von Raumlenkerachsen aber auch zur Herstellung von Kraftfahrzeugrahmenteilen eingesetzt.The high pressure process as such is known. The mentioned internal high-pressure process or IHV process is understood here to mean the process that has been described, for example, in Industrieanzeiger No. 20 of March 9, 1984, or also in "Metallumformtechnik", Edition 1 D / 91, page 15 ff: A. Ebbinghaus: Precision workpieces in lightweight construction, produced by internal high pressure forming "or also material and operation 123 to 243: A. Ebbinghaus:" Economic construction with internal high pressure formed precision workpieces "or also" Material and operation 122, (1991), 11, (1989), pages 933 to 938. In the following, reference is made in full to avoid repetitions of their disclosure. This method has previously been used for the production of various shaped hollow parts, such as or for the production of built camshafts for fastening cams to a tube, for the production of hollow camshafts, for the production of space control axles but also for the production of motor vehicle frame parts.
Durch dieses Innenhochdruckverfahren können völlig neuartige hohle Metallbauelemente, bei denen der Faserverlauf der Wände im wesentlichen parallel zur Außenkontur verläuft, ohne daß Ausknickungen oder andere Schwächungen vorliegen, hergestellt werden. Die hohlen Bauelemente können demzufolge aufgrund der hohen Wandfestigkeit durch den günstigen Faserverlauf parallel zu den Außenkonturen sowie die Kaltverfestigung in leichterer Form als bisher ausgebildet werden und ermöglicht dadurch eine erhebliche Gewichtsersparnis. Es ist auch möglich, für die Form laminierte Werkstoffe einzusetzen, sofern sich diese gemeinsam umformen lassen. Laminate können durch geeignete Materialauswahl leichter sein als Vollmaterialien und haben noch dazu den Vorteil, vibrations- dämpfend zu wirken oder auch an den Oberflächen entsprechend den Umgebungsbelastungen (Korrosion durch Säuren etc.) andere Schichten aufzuweisen, 5This internal high-pressure process can be used to produce completely new hollow metal components, in which the grain of the walls runs essentially parallel to the outer contour, without any buckling or other weakening. The hollow components can consequently be formed in a lighter form than before due to the high wall strength due to the favorable fiber orientation parallel to the outer contours and the strain hardening, and thereby enable considerable weight savings. It is also possible to use laminated materials for the mold, provided that they can be formed together. Laminates may By J h suitable choice of material lighter than solid materials and do not have to act to dampen vibration or also to the surfaces corresponding to the environmental stresses the advantage (corrosion by acids, etc.) have other layers, 5
so daß ein derartiges Teil noch dazu günstige Schwingungsdämpfungseigen- schaften besitzt, was im vorliegenden Fall äußerst erwünscht sein kann.so that such a part also has favorable vibration damping properties, which can be extremely desirable in the present case.
Durch Nachführen von Material entlang der Rohrlängsachse während des Um- formens, bspw. durch bewegliche Formelemente, kann eine im wesentlichen gleichbleibende Wandstärke im Formteil - auch beim Anformen von Anschlußelementen erzielt werden, so daß Schwächungen der Wandstärke durch die An- formung von Erhebungen zumindest teilweise ausgeglichen werden können, so daß dies ohne Schwächung erfolgt.By guiding material along the longitudinal axis of the tube during forming, for example by means of movable shaped elements, an essentially constant wall thickness can be achieved in the molded part - even when connecting elements are molded on, so that weakening of the wall thickness due to the formation of elevations at least partially can be compensated so that this takes place without weakening.
Die erfindungsgemäße Achsschwinge kann - selbstverständlich mit entsprechend angepaßten Abmessungen und gegebenenfalls auch Materialien in Fahrzeugen aller Art eingesetzt werden, um eine elastische und schwingungsdämpfende Einzelradaufhängung zu gewährleisten.The axle swing arm according to the invention can, of course, be used with correspondingly adapted dimensions and, if appropriate, also materials in vehicles of all types in order to ensure an elastic and vibration-damping independent wheel suspension.
Es ist möglich, daß das Achsschwingenmaterial mehrschichtig ist, wobei die Schichten aus dem gleichen oder unterschiedlichem Material sein können, das metallisch oder auch nicht-metallisch, Kunststoff oαer Keramik sein kann. Durch die Auswahl des Materials ist eine Anpassung an entsprechende Einsatzzwecke möglich - bspw. kann ein Metallteil gegen Korrosion geschützt oder aber auch mit "materialspezifischer" Schwingungsdämpfung hergestellt werden.It is possible for the axle rocker material to be multi-layered, whereby the layers can be made of the same or different material, which can be metallic or non-metallic, plastic or ceramic. Through the selection of the material, an adaptation to corresponding purposes is possible - for example, a metal part can be protected against corrosion or can also be manufactured with "material-specific" vibration damping.
Es kann dabei günstig sein, daß das Außenformteil mehrere parallel zueinander verlaufende, aufeinanderliegende Schichten gleicher oder unterschiedlicher Materialien aufweist, deren Faserverlauf parallel zueinander ist.It may be advantageous for the outer molded part to have a plurality of layers of the same or different materials lying on top of one another and running parallel to one another and whose fiber course is parallel to one another.
Insbesondere zur Gewichtsersparnis kann das gesamte Bauteil im wesentlichen aus dem gleichen oder unterschiedlichen Leichtmetallen bestehen. Bspw. kann das Leichtmetall Aluminium oder eine Legierung desselben sein, womit auch eine günstige Korrosionsfestigkeit verbunden sein kann. 6In particular, to save weight, the entire component can consist essentially of the same or different light metals. E.g. The light metal can be aluminum or an alloy of the same, which can also be associated with a favorable corrosion resistance. 6
Ein vorteilhaftes Verfahren zur Herstellung von hohlen Formteilen besteht darin, daß eine hohle Außenform in an sich bekannter Weise durch Ziehen, Gießen, Extrudieren, Innenhochdruckumformen hergestellt wird, die dann durch das an sich bekannte IHV-Verfahren fertig bearbeitet wird.An advantageous method for the production of hollow molded parts is that a hollow outer mold is produced in a manner known per se by drawing, casting, extruding, hydroforming, which is then finished by the IHV method known per se.
Es können auch mehrschichtige Metallrohre als Ausgangsteile, je nach den Anforderungen an das Material, gewählt werden. Dabei haben mehrschichtige Ausgestaltungen den Vorteil unterschiedlicher Beanspruchbarkeit der Oberflächen des Hohlteils und auch den Vorteil, Schwingungen aller Art schlechter zu leiten, was das Vibrationsverhalten des Hohlteils im Einsatz entscheidend verbessert. Dadurch, daß ein Innenhochdruckumformverfahren eingesetzt wird, ist es möglich, bereits in einem Formvorgang Erhebungen und Vertiefungen, Öffnungen u. dgl. am Außenhohlteil herzustellen. Dadurch ist es möglich, Nachbehandlungsschhtte zu reduzieren.Multi-layer metal pipes can also be selected as starting parts, depending on the requirements of the material. In this case, multilayer designs have the advantage that the surfaces of the hollow part can be subjected to different loads, and also the advantage of poorly conducting vibrations of all types, which decisively improves the vibration behavior of the hollow part in use. Due to the fact that an internal high pressure forming process is used, it is possible to collect elevations and depressions, openings and the like in one molding process. Like. To produce on the outer hollow part. This makes it possible to reduce the amount of after-treatment.
Als Armteile können dabei unterschiedlichste Hohlprofile nämlich Reckteckprofile, Winkelprofile, Rohre, etc. eingesetzt werden, wobei sich die Querschnittsform über den Verlauf des Teils ändern kann.A wide variety of hollow profiles, namely rectangular profiles, angle profiles, pipes, etc., can be used as arm parts, the cross-sectional shape changing over the course of the part.
Es wird somit ein Teil mit einem gegenüber bisherigen Teilen geringerem Gewicht und geringerem Bauraum bei gleicher Belastbarkeit oder auch höherer Belastbarkeit bei geringem Gewicht geschaffen, das noch dazu mit hoher Produktionsgenauigkeit bei verminderter Ausschußquote hergestellt werden kann.This creates a part with a lower weight and less space compared to previous parts with the same load-bearing capacity or even higher load-bearing capacity with a low weight, which can also be produced with high production accuracy with a reduced reject rate.
Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung näher anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung erläutert werden, in der zeigt:The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Schwinge in Draufsicht;Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a rocker according to the invention in plan view.
Fig. 2 einen Teilbereich der Achsschwinge nach Fig. 1 im Längsschnitt; Fig. 3 einen Teilbereich der erfindungsgemäße Achsschwinge im Querschnitt entlang der Linie A-A der Fig. 2FIG. 2 shows a partial area of the axle rocker according to FIG. 1 in longitudinal section; 3 shows a partial area of the axle swing arm according to the invention in cross section along the line AA of FIG. 2
Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsform einer Achsschwinge entlang der Linie A-A der Fig. 2, undFig. 4 shows a cross section through a further embodiment of an axle rocker along the line A-A of Fig. 2, and
Fig. 5 einen Längsschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungsforrm einer erfindungsgemäßen Achsschwinge.5 shows a longitudinal section through a further embodiment of an axle swing arm according to the invention.
Wie aus Fig. 1 und 2 und 3, die jeweils das gleiche Bauelement in perspektivischer Darstellung sowie Teile desselben einmal im Längsschnitt und einmal im Querschnitt - zeigen, ersichtlich, besteht eine erfind jngsgemäße Achsschwinge in einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform aus Stahlrohr. Das Stahlrohr wurde hier mittels des IHV-Verfahrens dreidimensional umgeformt. Dabei wird hier als Rohr jeder langgestreckte hohle Körper verstanden, der nicht runden Querschnitts sein muß.As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2 and 3, which each show the same component in a perspective view and parts of it once in longitudinal section and once in cross section, a preferred embodiment of the axle rocker according to the invention consists of tubular steel. The steel pipe was three-dimensionally formed here using the IHV process. Here, any elongated hollow body that does not have to be round in cross section is understood as a tube.
Dabei ist auf das Armteil 12, das mit einer Erhebung ausgeformt wurde, das Ende des Armteiles 14 aufgesteckt und befestigt. Die Erhebung, die beim IHV-Verfahren als geschlossene Protuberanz erzeugt wird, wunde vor der Anbringung des Armteils 14 aufgeschnitten und der abgeschnittene Bereich entfernt.In this case, the end of the arm part 14 is attached and fastened to the arm part 12, which has been formed with an elevation. The elevation, which is produced as a closed protuberance in the IHV method, was cut open before the arm part 14 was attached and the cut off area was removed.
Es ist zu beachten, daß in durch das Umformverfahren hergestellten Teilen- den Armen der Achsschwinge - gezielt eingeformte RillenA ertiefungen an bestimmten Bereichen des Rohrs ausgebildet werden können - um das Element später an bestimmten Stellen zu verstärken, so daß dort den Belastungen besser standgehalten werden kann.It should be noted that in parts produced by the forming process - the arms of the axle swing arm - targeted molded-in groove depressions can be formed in certain areas of the tube - in order to reinforce the element later at certain points so that the loads can be better withstood there .
Dabei können die Hohlprofile des Bauelements unterschiedliche Durchmesser über ihre Längserstreckung besitzen, sowie unterschiedliche Querschnitte. 8The hollow profiles of the component can have different diameters along their longitudinal extent, as well as different cross sections. 8th
In Fig. 4 ist eine andere Anwendungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Elements dargestellt. Es handelt sich hierbei um ein Schwinge, bei der ein eckiger Querschnitt zur Verbesserung der Sicherung der Verbindungsnaht zwischen den Teilen gegen Drehung am Endbereich des Arms und in der Erhebung ausgebildet ist.4 shows another application form of an element according to the invention. It is a rocker arm in which an angular cross section is formed to improve the securing of the connecting seam between the parts against rotation at the end region of the arm and in the elevation.
Schließlich ist in Fig. 5 eine Schwinge dargestellt, bei der die durch das IHV-Verfahren hergestellte Erhebung nicht abgeschnitten wurde und das Armteil 14 direkt auf die geschlossene Erhebung aufgesteckt und an dieser befestigt wurde, ohne daß der Verfahrensschritt des Abschneidens des Endes der Erhebung vorgeschaltet werden mußte.Finally, a rocker arm is shown in FIG. 5, in which the elevation produced by the IHV method was not cut off and the arm part 14 was plugged directly onto the closed elevation and fastened to it, without the step of cutting off the end of the elevation being connected upstream had to become.
Erfindungsgemäß ist es also möglich, durch die geometrische Ausgestaltung der Achsschwinge das erwünschte Verhalten durch erheblich leichtere und einfachere Achsschwinge, als bisher möglich, zu erzielen.According to the invention, it is therefore possible to achieve the desired behavior by means of the geometrical configuration of the axle rocker using considerably lighter and simpler axle rockers than was previously possible.
Weitere Ausgestaltungen und Fortentwicklungen sind im Rahmen des Schutzumfangs der Ansprüche dem Fachmann offensichtlich und der Schutzumfang ist keineswegs auf die hier beispielhaft aufgeführten Ausführungsformen begrenzt, die lediglich zur Erläuterung dienen sollen. Further refinements and developments within the scope of the claims are obvious to the person skilled in the art, and the scope of protection is in no way limited to the exemplary embodiments listed here, which are only intended to serve as explanations.
EP98919069A 1997-03-17 1998-03-17 Swing arm especially for a front or rear axle Withdrawn EP0968095A1 (en)

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DE29704863U 1997-03-17
DE29704863U DE29704863U1 (en) 1997-03-17 1997-03-17 Axle swingarm
PCT/DE1998/000783 WO1998041412A1 (en) 1997-03-17 1998-03-17 Swing arm especially for a front or rear axle

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DE29704863U1 (en) 1997-05-22

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