Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B5/00—Electrically-operated educational appliances
  • G09B5/04—Electrically-operated educational appliances with audible presentation of the material to be studied
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B19/00—Teaching not covered by other main groups of this subclass
  • G09B19/04—Speaking

Definitions

• the subject invention concerns a device for phonological training, comprising sound reception means, operating means for controlling the device, interpreting and processing means, and presentation means, said presentation means comprising a display screen divided into a plurality of windows for simultaneous presentation of a graphic reproduction of the desired sound as well as of the sound produced by the user and received by the sound reception means, and of an animated reproduction of speech organs.
• dyslexia The overall problem with which dyslexia patients are faced is to relate sound to the adequate letter.
• the dyslexic individual who does not automatically achieve developed phonological awareness will lack the fundamental requirements for learning to read and write. He/she will have difficulties in recognising and defining speech sounds.
• Several studies in this respect support the method involving presentation of the sound by visualisation thereof.
• dyslexia is often linked with the possession of creative abilities manifesting themselves for instance in excellent visual perception.
• the method of creating a link between sound and letter by means of visualisation therefore offers a pedagogical possibility of employing the own resources of the dyslexic individual.
• the method could also advantageously be used in many other connections, among them for elementary school pupils having a particular need for phonological training, for instance pupils having concentration dif- ficulties.
• the method is equally useful with respect to individuals who have impaired hearing or are deaf.
• Another possible use of the method is for the rehabilitation of individuals in need of rehabilitation following a stroke or an accident to improve their abilities of speech, reading and writing.
• the invention relates to a device according to which the above method may be practised automatically, allowing the student to use the device essentially on his own for practising purposes.
• Such automated speech teaching devices are previous- ly known, e.g. from US 2 533 010.
• the device described in that publication comprises a sound-recording microphone registering the sound produced by the user.
• the sound is then presented in graphic form as frequency curves displayed on a screen.
• a cross section through the oral cavity and a picture of the lips are display to show how the speech organs preferably should be positioned and moved to produce a word, also displayed on the screen.
• a curve representing a teacher's standard solution also is displayed, allowing the user to compare the curve produced by him with the standard.
• WO 94/17508 discloses a device comprising a microphone for recording sound, a computer for transforming sound into a curve, and a screen for displaying the curve thus obtained, a curve representing a teacher' s solution and the discrepancy between the two curves.
• This device is smaller and more manageable than the previous one.
• the user is not informed of how the sound production/formation is to take place or what changes are required in order to reduce any differences that may exist between the user-produced curve and that of the teacher's solution.
• the document GB 2 198 871 A discloses a device similar to those described above, with the difference that it allows the user to decide for himself and to have influence on which phonemes he wishes to practise or how they are to be combined to form various words. This is achieved by the user indicating a letter or a combination of letters by means of an operating means.
• the above-mentioned drawbacks are, however, found also in this device.
• the present invention has for its object to provide a device for phonological training, by means of which the user will receive guidance on sound formation and production as well as on how changes are to be made in order to achieve the desired result.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a device in accordance with the invention
• Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a division of the screen in accordance with the invention.
• Fig. 3 is an image of a profile of articulation
• Fig. 4 is a first example of visualisation of phonemes in accordance with the invention
• Fig. 5 is a second example of visualisation of phonemes in accordance with the invention.
• Fig. 6 is a third example of visualisation of phonemes in accordance with the invention.
• Fig. 1 shows schematically a device in accordance with the invention.
• the device comprises a sound- reception means 1 which may be e.g. a microphone, a processing means 2 which may be e.g. a computer, and a presentation means 3 which may be e.g. a display screen.
• the device comprises loud-speakers 4 or the like.
• the microphone 1 is designed to record the sounds produced by the user.
• the device also comprises operating means 5, such as a keyboard or the like, by means of which the user can control the device.
• the display screen 3 is designed to show several different image-presentation windows simultaneously.
• One example of screen division is shown in Fig. 2.
• the screen comprises eight different image- presentation windows.
• the motor function of the mouth i.e. how the lips move, when the desired sound is being pronounced correctly, is re- produced in animated form.
• the second window 12 is a cross-sectional view of the oral cavity, a so called profile of articulation showing the motions and points of abutment of the tongue, the use of different volumes of air in the mouth and the throat and so on, required to produce the correct pronunciation of the desired sound.
• Window 13 could show for example the manner in which abdominal support is used in the formation of the desired sound, i.e.
• Window 14 is divided into two parts, 14a and 14b.
• the upper window 14a displays a visual representation of the correct pronunciation of the desired sound, as will be described in closer detail in the following.
• Window 14b below displays a visual representation of the user- produced sound recorded by the microphone 1 and processed by the computer 2. Because of the juxtaposition of these two windows the user may conveniently discern discrepancies between his own pronunciation and the correct pronunciation.
• Two windows, 15 and 16 show the desired sound in letter form, one window for instance showing one or a few letters at a time whereas the other window shows longer combinations of letters, such as entire sentences or the like.
• these windows are connected to the operating means 5, allowing the user to input for instance the desired letter combinations in order to receive assistance from the device to pronounce them.
• the operating means could instead be a computer mouse or similar means and one of the windows could display the alphabet, thus allowing the user to indicate the desired letters.
• the last window 17, finally, is an operating panel from which the user may select various functional modes.
• the user may choose a listening mode, selecting one sound which is simultaneously displayed in all windows and possibly also could be listened to at the same time. This could be effected either in real time or in slow motion.
• the user could thereafter pronounce the sound which is visualised and may be compared with the standard. Sound discrepancies, if outside predetermined tolerance values, result in different pieces of advice to the user as to what changes in his pronunciation are desired in order to achieve the correct sound.
• the user could instead select a test mode according to which the user produces and registers one sound, one syllable or one word, whereupon this sound is presented to the user together with the standard pronunciation.
• the visualisation of the sound could be effected in many different ways, depending among other things on the user's present stage of learning.
• the basis of the visualisation is to create an image of each phoneme along a time axis, giving the various parts of the sound configuration different space depending on the duration of use.
• the visualisation could be made by means of a frequency spectrum or the like.
• the preferred visualisation is that based on where the sound is produced, as will be described further on.
• Speech sounds are produced by creating different volumes in the oral cavity and the throat and by means of motions of articulation.
• the articulation is based on various combinations of movements of the lower jaw, the body of the tongue, the tip of the tongue, the lips and the larynx. Consequently, it is possible to present speech sounds by means of animated lip movements (window 11 above) and a profile of articulation, i.e. an animated cross-section image of the oral cavity (window 12 above) .
• Fig. 3 shows a picture of such a profile of articulation.
• the areas of formation in the oral cavity relat- ing to the various sounds are also indicated. These areas are marked by different colours in the cavity, the colour of the area closest to the lips being reddish brown, the colours gradually changing to red, yellow and green, ending at the throat in blue.
• the sound "k” is formed in the dark blue area by an attack sound in the rear part of the abutment pipe whereas the sound "b” is formed by the lips being pressed together.
• short sounds are presented in more intense and saturated colours whereas for example long- vowel sounds are given a less intense and lighter colour tone. It should be mentioned already at this point, however, that the choice of colours could be different without impairing the function of the invention.
• Fig. 4 illustrates the manner in which the sound- related colouring may be made use of to visualise a sound.
• Window 11 in Fig. 4 illustrates, like before, the lip movements required to form a desired sound, which in this case is "ak".
• the formation of the sound in the articulation profile is shown in window 12.
• Fig. 14a show differently coloured blocks the extensions of which lengthwise denote the duration of the formation of the respective sound, and the colours of which denote where the sound is formed. These colours correspond to the above-mentioned colour areas of the articulation profile. Consequently, the sound "ak" is visualised in Fig.
• the device may be controlled by the operating means 5 in order to produce the desired speed, the desired sound, the desired level of difficulty of sound combinations, repetition of operations, if desired, and so on.
• the device is adapted to compare the user-pronounced sound to the standard- pronounced sound and to accept the user-produced sound, should the discrepancies be within predetermined tolerances.
• the device may be arranged to advise the user as to how and where he needs to change his way of sound formation. Such advice could concern for instance the place of formation of the sound, how the sound is articulated while making use of the shaft of air inside the oral cavity, the abdominal support and so on, the duration of the sound formation, etcetera.
• the device could also be used in many other ways. For instance, a combination of letters could be indicated, either by the user himself or automatically by the device, whereupon the user may practice pronunciation of the letter combination. Alternatively, the user could instead register sounds in the microphone by speech, sounds which the device interprets and then visually presents the manner in which these sounds are written by means of letters, and possibly also presents a corrected image of the accepted appearance of the sound.
• a third variety is to display an image of the object.
• the device in accordance with the invention thus provides the user with an experience, i.e. a visu- alisation of the sound, in which process other parts of the brains are activated than those usually employed in the process of reading. In this manner, weakened areas of the brain could be trained.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Educational Administration (AREA)
• Educational Technology (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Entrepreneurship & Innovation (AREA)
• Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
• Electrically Operated Instructional Devices (AREA)
• Rehabilitation Tools (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=20405152

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Family Cites Families (6)

• 1996
  • 1996-12-27 SE SE9604800A patent/SE506656C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1997
  • 1997-12-19 AU AU55813/98A patent/AU5581398A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-12-19 WO PCT/SE1997/002167 patent/WO1998032111A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-12-19 EP EP97952152A patent/EP0958570A1/en not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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