Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
  • A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
  • D04H1/655—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions characterised by the apparatus for applying bonding agents
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/01—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
  • D06M15/03—Polysaccharides or derivatives thereof
  • D06M15/11—Starch or derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/31—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated nitriles
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
  • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/39—Aldehyde resins; Ketone resins; Polyacetals
  • D06M15/423—Amino-aldehyde resins
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
  • D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • D06M15/59—Polyamides; Polyimides
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
  • D06M15/693—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with natural or synthetic rubber, or derivatives thereof
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
  • D06M23/06—Processes in which the treating agent is dispersed in a gas, e.g. aerosols
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
  • D21H21/14—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties characterised by function or properties in or on the paper
  • D21H21/18—Reinforcing agents
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
  • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
  • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
  • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
  • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
  • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
  • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
  • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
  • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
  • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for bonding a fibrous web which includes water-absorbent material such as water- absorbent fibers.
• the present invention relates to bonding a fibrous web containing so-called superabsorbent fibers.
• the invention also relates to an article of manufacture comprising a fibrous web made in accordance with the process.
• Fibrous webs containing water-absorbent compositions are widely used in the manufacture of products which require high absorbtion capability; for example, surgical and dental sponges, tampons, sanitary napkins and pads, bandages, disposable diapers, meat trays, filters, spill control materials, waste management materials, cable wrap, protective articles such as operating gowns and household pet litter. Fibrous webs containing water-absorbent compositions are also used in the modification of soil to improve water-retention and increase air capacity and in a host of other applications.
• Water-absorbent compositions suitable for use in these fibrous webs may be in any suitable form including powders, fibers and filaments, with fibers being particularly preferred.
• water when used in the phrases “water-absorbing”, “water- absorbent” and “water-swellable” is understood to mean not only water but also aqueous media such as electrolyte solutions, such as body fluids.
• the fibrous webs of the type with which the present invention is concerned are generally formed from non- water-absorbent fibers.
• non-water-absorbent we mean that the fibers do not absorb water to an appreciable extent.
• Suitable materials from which these fibers may be formed include natural materials such as wood pulp or cellulose or synthetic materials such as synthetic cellulose, viscose, polyester, non- water-absorbent polymers of ethylene, non-water-absorbent polymers of propylene, polyamide and ethylene-propylene copolymer fibers, and mixtures thereof with polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene fibers being particularly preferred.
• Particularly preferred fibers are those selected from the group consisting of rayon fibers, cellulose ester fibers, protein fibers, polyamide fibers, polyester fibers, polyvinyl fibers, polyolefin fibers, polyurethane fibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers and mixtures thereof.
• the non-water-absorbent fibers may be, or may fibers having hollow cores such as the polyester, typically polyethylene terephthalate fibers commercially available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours under the trade mark HOLLOWFILL.
• the fibrous web additionally includes water-absorbent compositions, which are preferably water-absorbent fibers.
• U.S. Patent numbers 3,954,721 and 3,983,095 disclose preparations for derivatives of copolymers of maleic anhydride with at least one vinyl monomer in fibrous form. The fibrous copolymers are rendered hydrophillic and water-swellable by reaction with ammonia or an alkali metal hydroxide.
• U.S. Patent No. 3,810,468 discloses lightly cross-linked olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers prepared as substantially linear copolymers and then reacted with a diol or a diamine to introduce cross-linking.
• European Published Application No. 0 268 498 (incorporated herein by reference) describes a water-absorbent composition formed by causing a substantially linear polymer of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer blends comprising carboxylic and hydroxylic monomers to cross-link internally.
• water-absorbent compositions are those produced from a copolymer of an ⁇ , ⁇ unsaturated monomer having at least one pendant unit selected from a carboxylic acid group and derivatives thereof and a copolymerisable monomer. A proportion of the pendant units are present in the final copolymer as the free acid and a proportion as the salt of the acid.
• These copolymers are capable of being cross- linked, either internally or with a variety of cross-linking agents, to form the water- swellable composition. Examples of water-swellable compositions of this type can be found in U.S.
• carboxylic acid groups include carboxylic acid salt groups, carboxylic acid amide groups, carboxylic acid imide groups, carboxylic acid anhydride groups and carboxylic acid ester groups.
• water-absorbent compositions can be found in European Published Application Nos 0 269 393, 0 342 919 and 0 397 410, British Patent Application Nos 2 082 614 and 2 126 591, U.S. Patent Nos 4,418,163, 4,418,163 3,989,586,
• the fibrous web may be formed as a non-woven web by any conventional means. Suitable means include air-laying, wet-laying and carding. The fibers are then bonded, for example by the action of an adhesive and/or heat.
• aqueous solutions of adhesives have not generally been utilised when the web contains water- absorbent compositions as it is believed that the water in the aqueous solution will be absorbed by the water-absorbent compositions which, having been activated, will not function satisfactorily in use. Additionally or alternatively, the aqueous solution of the adhesive may coat the water-absorbent composition, rendering it ineffective.
• an aqueous adhesive solution is used to bond the fibers in the web.
• such bonding takes place before the water-absorbent material is introduced into the web.
• an air-laid web of non-water-absorbent fibers is first sprayed on one side with a latex binder before being passed through an oven where the latex binder is at least partially cured.
• the web is then sprayed with precursors of the water-absorbing composition onto the side of the web remote from that on which the latex was sprayed.
• the web is then passed through a dryer where cross- linking occurs to form the superabsorbent in situ.
• aqueous binder is applied to a fibrous web which incorporates a superabsorbent material.
• the binder which is preferably latex, is cured to bind the fibrous web.
• the amount of latex used is in the range of 5 to 30 weight percent of the final structure, and preferably from about 10 to 20 weight percent.
• an aqueous solution of an adhesive such as latex is also described in WO 90/11184.
• an aqueous solution of a binder is used to bind water- absorbent particles to the fibers of the web.
• the particles of the superabsorbent are preferably added after the fibers have been wetted by the binder such that the binder does not coat the particles and thereby interfere with their absorbency.
• the binder whether applied before or after the inclusion of the superabsorbent composition into the web, reduces the absorbency of the resultant web.
• the process in which the binder is applied before the web is sprayed with the precursors of the water-absorbing polymer is unsuitable where it is desired that the superabsorbent is to be in the form of fibers.
• the binder used to bind the fibers of the fibrous web is used in an amount of less than 5 weight percent of the structure being formed. This is particularly suitable where the web includes the water-absorbent material in fibrous form. Surprisingly, this reduced amount of binder is sufficient to bind the web.
• One benefit of using this reduced amount of binder is that the absorbency of the web formed is higher than has been previously achieved using aqueous binders in accordance with known techniques.
• a process for bonding a fibrous web in the presence of water-absorbent material wherein the pre-formed web is contacted with an aqueous solution of a binder, the binder being used in an amount of less than 5 weight percent of the fibrous web.
• Suitable binders include cationic starch, polyvinyl alcohol, pearl starch, natural gums, such as tragacanth, karaya and quar, vinyl acetate-acrylic acid copolymers, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinyl acetates, ethylene-vinyl acetates, styrenebutadiene carboxylates, natural latex, synthetic latex, including polyacrylates such as polyethylacrylate and copolymers thereof, polyacrylonitriles and thermosetting cationic resins such as urea formaldehyde resins and polyamide-epichlorhydrin resins, with natural or synthetic latex being preferred.
• suitable binders include AIRBOND, AIRFLEX and VLNAC of Air Products Inc., HYCAR and GEON of Goodrich Chemical Co., and FULATEX of HB Fuller Company.
• the binder may be applied to the web by any suitable means.
• the web may be immersed in the binder; excess binder can then be removed by, for example, applying pressure to the web.
• the binder is sprayed onto the web.
• the binder may be sprayed onto one or both sides of the web. Spray bonding is the generally preferred means of applying the binder to the web. It is particularly preferred in applications where the retention of the bulk or loft of the web is important.
• the binder may be sprayed onto the fibrous web to obtain spot welds at the points where fibers are in mutual contact.
• the binder is preferably used in an amount of from lwt % to 5wt %, more preferably 2wt % to 4wt %. Amounts of less than lwt % may also be used.
• the treated web is then allowed to cure.
• Curing is preferably achieved by passing the web that has been treated with the aqueous solution of the binder through an oven. During curing, cross-linking of the binder will occur and binding will thereby be effected.
• the binder will contain an amount of a suitable cross-linking agent.
• One suitable cross-linking agent is N-methylol acrylamide.
• the binder may include suitable additives such as defoamers, surfactants, external crosslinkers, thickeners, flame retardants, catalysts, pH adjusters, dyes and pigments, fillers, optical brighteners, sewing aids and water repellents.
• suitable additives such as defoamers, surfactants, external crosslinkers, thickeners, flame retardants, catalysts, pH adjusters, dyes and pigments, fillers, optical brighteners, sewing aids and water repellents.
• Any suitable binder may be used provided that it is capable of being provided in aqueous form and of hardening on removal of the water.
• the binders listed in connection with the above-first aspect of the invention are particularly suitable provided that they do not include a cross-linking agent.
• a preferred binder is an aqueous solution of the uncured polymer from which water- absorbent compositions may be formed.
• a particularly suitable binder is an aqueous solution of the uncured polymer from which the water-absorbent composition present in the web is formed.
• a particularly suitable binder is a composition comprising a copolymer having pendant carboxylic acid groups or other groups convertible to carboxylic acid groups, wherein at least a portion of the carboxylic acid groups are partially neutralised.
• the copolymer may be formed from an ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monomer having at least one pendant unit selected from a carboxylic acid group and derivatives thereof and a copolymerisable monomer.
• the use of the uncured polymer from which the water-absorbent composition is formed as a binder results in a web having improved absorbency. Further, as the polymer of the binder is one from which the water-absorbent composition may be formed, the binder will be compatible with the water-absorbent composition and will not have a deleterious effect thereon.
• the binder formed from the polymer from which a water-absorbent composition may be formed may undergo some crosslinking on drying and fall within the definition of the second aspect of the present invention. If cross-linking occurs, enhanced absorbency of the web will be achieved. Crosslinking may be internal cross-linking or, alternatively, the binder solution may contain some external cross-linking agents.
• Suitable cross-linking agents include: monomers containing at least two hydroxyl groups such as alkylene glycols containing 2-10 carbon atoms and their ethers, cycloalkylene glycols, Bisphenol A, hydroxy alkylene derivatives of Bisphenol A, hydroquinone, phloroglucinol, hydroxy alkylene derivatives of diphenols, glycerol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, and mono-, di, or oligo-saccharides; heterocyclic carbonates; and monomers containing at least one amine group and at least one hydroxyl group such as ethanolamine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, 3-amino- 1-propanol, DL-l-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-l-butanol, N,N- dimethylethanolamine, diisopropanol-amine methyl diethanol amine, triethanol amine, 2-(methylamino)ethanol and the
• copolymers for use as a binder in the present invention contain from about 25 to about 75 mole percent recurring units of the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monomer and from about 75 to about 25 mole percent recurring units of a copolymerisable monomer.
• the copolymer preferably contains from about 35 to about 65 mole percent of recurring units of at least one ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monomer and from about 65 to about 35 mole percent of at least one copolymerisable co-monomer.
• the copolymer will be an equirnolar copolymer.
• Suitable ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monomers are those bearing at least one pendant carboxylic acid unit or derivative of a carboxylic acid unit.
• Derivatives of carboxylic acid units include carboxylic acid salt groups, carboxylic acid amide groups, carboxylic acid imide groups, carboxylic acid anhydride groups and carboxylic acid ester groups.
• Suitable ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monomers include maleic acid, crotonic acid, fumaric acid, mesaconic acid, the sodium salt of maleic acid, the sodium salt of 2- methyl, 2-butene dicarboxylic acid, the sodium salt of itaconic acid, maleamic acid, maleamide, N-phenyl maleimide, maleimide, maleic anhydride, fumaric anhydride, itaconic anhydride, citraconic anhydride, ethyl maleic anhydride, diethylmaleate, methylmaleate and the like and mixtures thereof.
• Any suitable copolymerisable co-monomer can be employed.
• suitable co-monomers include ethylene, propylene, isobutylene, to C 4 alkyl methacrylates, vinyl acetates, methyl vinyl ether, isobutyl vinyl ether and styrenic compounds having the formula:
• R represents hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and wherein the benzene ring is substituted or unsubstituted.
• Suitable alkyl acrylates include methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n- propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, and the like and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable alkyl methacrylates include methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-propylmethacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, and the like and mixtures thereof.
• One alternative uncured polymer is formed from a water-soluble blend of monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, the polymer may include a comonomer.
• the polymer preferably comprises 50 to 95% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer and 5 to 50% by weight of a copolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
• Preferred carboxylic monomers include methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, maleic acid or anhydride, itaconic acid and ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides. Some of the carboxylic monomer units in the copolymer may be replaced by monomer units derived from an ethylenically unsaturated sulphonic acid such as 2-acrylamido- 2-methylpropane sulphonic acid or allyl sulphonic acid.
• the or each copolymerisable ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be selected from a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as acrylamide or a water- insoluble monomer, for example an olefin, such as isobutylene, an aromatic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, such as styrene or a substituted styrene, an alkyl ester of acrylic or methacrylic acid, such as methyl or ethyl acrylate or methacrylate, butyl acrylate or methacrylate or 2-ethylhexyl acrylate or methacrylate, vinyl acetate or acrylonitrile.
• a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as acrylamide or a water- insoluble monomer
• an olefin such as isobutylene
• an aromatic ethylenically unsaturated monomer such as sty
• Other monomers that may be used include ethylenically unsaturated monomers that carry a pendent group of the formula -A ⁇ A p R where B is ethyleneoxy, n is a integer of at least 2, A is propyleneoxy or butyleneoxy, m and p are each an integer less than n and preferably below 2 and most preferably zero, and R is a hydrophobic group containing at least 8 carbon atoms as described in more detail in EP-A-213799.
• the comonomers(s) are generally present in amounts of at least 5% and preferably at least 10% by weight based on the monomers used for forming the copolymer, and they may be present in amounts up to about 50%, generally below 45%, by weight.
• the fibrous web produced in accordance with the above-mentioned first or second aspect of the invention is suitable for use in the production of articles of manufacture.
• an article of manufacture comprising a fibrous web made in accordance with the process of the above first or second aspect.
• the article of manufacture is preferably selected from the group consisting of: disposable diapers; sanitary napkins; tampons; pant liners; adult incontinence pads; coverstock for feminine hygiene products; surgical and dental sponges; bandages; patient underpads; wipes; domestic wipes; industrial wipes; packaging; medical tray pads; fenestration drapes; filters; spill control materials; waste management materials; protecive articles; operating gowns; mortuary pads; cable wrap; food tray pads; food preservation articles; seed germination pads; household pet litter; roofing materials; automotive trim; furniture; bedding; clothing; and soil modifiers.
• the binder is sufficient to retain the integrity of the web during use but is sufficiently degradable in the presence of a large volume of water, particularly turbulent water such as is found in a toilet, that the article is particularly suitable for disposal in water, such as in a toilet.
• Figure 1 is a schematic flow diagram outlining the process of the present invention.
• the non-water-absorbent fibers and the superabsorbent fibers are fed to formers 1 and 2.
• a Laroche 400 fiber feed was employed to feed fibers to the formers.
• the fibers are fed from the formers onto a belt 3 comprising the forming table.
• the fibers are held in place by the action of vacuum boxes 4.
• Two light compactor rolls 5 are used to densify and compact the web.
• the aqueous solution of the binder (latex) optionally containing a cross-linking agent was sprayed onto one side of the web.
• the spray system 6 is located between the end of the forming table 3 and the dryer 7.
• a second spray system and dryer may be located after the dryer 7. This second spray system may spray the binder onto the side of the web opposite to that sprayed on the first side.
• the binder may contain a cross-linking agent or may be free of cross-linker.
• the dryer which is preferably an air dryer, causes the water to evaporate. Where the binder includes a cross-linker, the binder will cure and thereby strengthens. Where the binder is free of cross-linker, the binder dries as it passes through the dryer and thereby strengthens. In addition, where the non- water-absorbent fibers of the web are thermal bonding fibers, the dryer 7 activates these fibers.
• a compactor roll 8 may be located within the dryer.
• Calendaring rolls 9 may be located after the dryer. These rolls may be used to emboss the web, reduce calliper or modify the surface of the web.
• the final bound web preferably has a density of from 0.05 to 0.2 gem "1
• the water-absorbent composition functions to enhance the absorbency of the web.

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• 1997
  • 1997-01-28 EP EP97905004A patent/EP0956385A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-01-28 WO PCT/EP1997/000376 patent/WO1998032906A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1997-01-28 CA CA002279192A patent/CA2279192A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1997-01-28 EP EP02018123A patent/EP1260627A3/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-01-28 EP EP02018122A patent/EP1260626A3/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1997-01-28 AU AU18720/97A patent/AU1872097A/en not_active Abandoned

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