EP0946776A1 - Method of annealing nonferrous metal parts without stickers - Google Patents

Method of annealing nonferrous metal parts without stickers

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Publication number
EP0946776A1
EP0946776A1 EP97951214A EP97951214A EP0946776A1 EP 0946776 A1 EP0946776 A1 EP 0946776A1 EP 97951214 A EP97951214 A EP 97951214A EP 97951214 A EP97951214 A EP 97951214A EP 0946776 A1 EP0946776 A1 EP 0946776A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
annealing
protective gas
gas atmosphere
oxide layer
inert
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Granted
Application number
EP97951214A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0946776B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Zylla
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Messer Griesheim GmbH
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Messer Griesheim GmbH
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/02—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working in inert or controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for glue-free annealing of non-ferrous metal parts, i.e. to avoid so-called glue during the annealing process, especially in a hood furnace.
  • Non-ferrous metal parts such as bronze wire or ribbon
  • a homogenizing annealing after casting and a forming process. Thereafter, further forming, such as rolling or drawing, and recrystallization annealing are carried out alternately.
  • the annealing temperatures are between 300 ° C and 700 ° C.
  • the annealing is carried out in continuous furnaces, which is a relatively large effort given the mostly small cross-sections of the parts.
  • annealing bundles e.g. in hood furnaces is created at the contact points of the parts, e.g. local diffusion welding, so-called glue, between individual turns of wound wire or strip, due to diffusion processes. These cause during further processing, i.e. during unwinding, material tears on the surface. This results in surface defects. If this does not cause a committee, extensive rework is required. Adhesives on annealed non-ferrous metal parts are of course highly undesirable.
  • Nonferrous metals are understood to mean alloys with the main components copper, tin, aluminum and lead, with numerous other components also being considered, such as magnesium, nickel and others.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method with which non-ferrous metal parts, in particular non-ferrous metal coils, can be annealed without glue in hood furnaces.
  • Fig. 1 shows the copper-tin state diagram
  • Fig. 2 shows the time course of the temperature and the composition of a protective gas atmosphere for adhesive-free bronze wire treatment.
  • Fig. 1 shows the state diagram of copper-tin alloys.
  • the ⁇ crystal at 520 ° C eutectoid decays into ⁇ + ⁇
  • the ⁇ phase changes at a temperature of about 350 ° C in turn eutectoid in ⁇ + ⁇ um, with the compound Cu 3 ⁇ Sn 8 the ⁇ phase and Cu 3 Sn the ⁇ phase.
  • This transformation is extremely slow, so that even if they have been slowly cooled, technical alloys have ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) eutectoid in the final state.
  • the tin concentration differences within a crystal can be up to 10%. Homogenization annealing aims to compensate for these differences as much as possible. Dissolution of the ⁇ component is achieved during annealing in the range from 650 ° C to 700 ° C, which results in a considerable increase in elongation. The tensile strength increases with increasing elongation.
  • Copper-tin alloys are usually cast in an air atmosphere and are usually cold formed. This means that the surface is strongly oxidized.
  • FIG. 2 An example of such a treatment is explained in FIG. 2.
  • a gas mixture with 15 vol .-% CO 2 (rest N 2 ) ensured the preservation of the existing oxide layers during the heating and holding time and, depending on the alloying elements, for example during intermediate annealing of wires that had already been cold-formed, performed an additional one even at temperatures of 400 ° C Oxidation caused by the CO 2 portion.
  • the protective coating of the surface with a thin oxide layer prevented the exudation from the annealing material and the batches were annealed without glue.
  • better conditions were created for the homogenization process.
  • the N 2 / CO 2 protective gas atmosphere was exchanged for a pure hydrogen atmosphere at the end of the holding time. This was for the end of the Holding time and greatly reducing conditions for the cooling time were created and the oxide layers protecting against sticking were broken down. The batches were annealed bright and glue-free. The change in the relevant parameters over time is shown again in the following overview:
  • the heat treatment of wire cast in air which already has a pronounced oxide layer, would also be possible in the holding phase with an inert protective gas atmosphere, e.g. with pure nitrogen.
  • the oxide layer could then be reduced with hydrogen in the cooling phase in order to achieve a bright annealing result.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a method of preventing stickers from forming when annealing nonferrous metal alloys. The method comprises the phases of heating, holding and cooling, the material to be annealed being exposed to an inert or oxidizing protective gas atmosphere during structural transformation, such that during this time a thin oxide layer forms on the surface of the material being annealed and/or an existing oxide layer is retained, this layer preventing nonferrous metal parts from sticking together.

Description

Verfahren zum kleberfreien Glühen von BuntmetallteilenProcess for glue-free annealing of non-ferrous metal parts
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum kleberfreien Glühen von Buntmetallteilen, d.h. zum Vermeiden von sog. Klebern während des Glühvorgangs, insbesondere in einem Haubenofen.The invention relates to a method for glue-free annealing of non-ferrous metal parts, i.e. to avoid so-called glue during the annealing process, especially in a hood furnace.
Buntmetallteile, wie beispielsweise Bronzedraht oder -band, werden nach dem Gießen und einem Umformvorgang einer homogenisierenden Glühung unterworfen. Danach werden abwechselnd weitere Umformungen, wie Walzen oder Ziehen, und Rekristallisationsglühungen durchgeführt.Non-ferrous metal parts, such as bronze wire or ribbon, are subjected to a homogenizing annealing after casting and a forming process. Thereafter, further forming, such as rolling or drawing, and recrystallization annealing are carried out alternately.
Die Glühtemperaturen liegen zwischen 300°C und 700°C. Das Glühen wird in Durchlauföfen durchgeführt, was angesichts der meist geringen Querschnitte der Teile einen relativ großen Aufwand darstellt.The annealing temperatures are between 300 ° C and 700 ° C. The annealing is carried out in continuous furnaces, which is a relatively large effort given the mostly small cross-sections of the parts.
Beim Glühen von Bunden, wie es z.B. in Haubenöfen möglich ist, entstehen an den Berührungsstellen der Teile, z.B. zwischen einzelnen Windungen von aufgewickeltem Draht oder Band, aufgrund von Diffusionsvorgängen lokale Diffusionsverschweißungen, sogenannte Kleber. Diese verursachen bei der Weiterverarbeitung, d.h. beim Abwickeln, Werkstoffaufrisse an der Oberfläche. Somit entstehen Oberflächenfehler. Soweit diese keinen Ausschuß verursachen, ist eine aufwendige Nacharbeit erforderlich. So sind Kleber an geglühten Buntmetallteilen selbstverständlich höchst unerwünscht.When annealing bundles, e.g. in hood furnaces is created at the contact points of the parts, e.g. local diffusion welding, so-called glue, between individual turns of wound wire or strip, due to diffusion processes. These cause during further processing, i.e. during unwinding, material tears on the surface. This results in surface defects. If this does not cause a committee, extensive rework is required. Adhesives on annealed non-ferrous metal parts are of course highly undesirable.
Unter Buntmetallen werden hier Legierungen mit den Hauptbestandteilen Kupfer, Zinn, Aluminium und Blei verstanden, wobei noch zahlreiche weitere Bestandteile in Betracht kommen, wie etwa Magnesium, Nickel u.a.Nonferrous metals are understood to mean alloys with the main components copper, tin, aluminum and lead, with numerous other components also being considered, such as magnesium, nickel and others.
Beim Glühen von Stahlband ist es zur Vermeidung von Klebern nach der DE- 4207394 bekannt, bei Anwesenheit von H2 CO2 CO und H2O in derWhen annealing steel strip, it is known to avoid adhesives according to DE 4207394, in the presence of H 2 CO 2 CO and H 2 O in the
Schutzgasatmosphäre das Wassergasgleichgewicht gezielt zu verändern, so daß am Ende der Haltephase eine insgesamt oxidierende und in der Abkühlphase eine insgesamt reduzierende Atmosphäre zur Verfügung steht. Diese Vorgehensweise ist allerdings wegen der zum Teil viel niedrigeren Temperaturen, z.B. 400°C und einer schlechten Wirkung der Reaktionsprodukte, wie CO und H2O, auf den Oxidationsmechanismus bei Buntmetallen nicht anwendbar.Protective gas atmosphere to specifically change the water gas equilibrium so that an overall oxidizing atmosphere and an overall reducing atmosphere are available at the end of the holding phase. This However, the procedure is not applicable to the oxidation mechanism in the case of non-ferrous metals due to the sometimes much lower temperatures, for example 400 ° C. and a poor effect of the reaction products, such as CO and H 2 O.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit dem Buntmetallteile, insbesondere Buntmetallcoils, kleberfrei in Haubenöfen geglüht werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a method with which non-ferrous metal parts, in particular non-ferrous metal coils, can be annealed without glue in hood furnaces.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is solved by claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen beschrieben.Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Bezugnahme auf eine Zeichnung weiter erläutert, wobeiThe invention is further explained below using an exemplary embodiment with reference to a drawing, wherein
Fig. 1 das Zustandsschaubild Kupfer-Zinn zeigt;Fig. 1 shows the copper-tin state diagram;
Fig. 2 den zeitlichen Verlauf der Temperatur und der Zusammensetzung einer Schutzgasatmosphäre zur kleberfreien Bronzedraht-Behandlung zeigt.Fig. 2 shows the time course of the temperature and the composition of a protective gas atmosphere for adhesive-free bronze wire treatment.
Am Beispiel einer Kupfer-Zinn-Legierung (Bronze) wird zunächst das Problem des Zusammenklebens einzelner Windungen beim Glühen von Buntmetall-Bunden erläutert.Using the example of a copper-tin alloy (bronze), the problem of sticking individual turns together when annealing non-ferrous metal coils is first explained.
Infolge des großen Erstarrungsintervalls neigen Kupfer-Zinn-Legierungen beim Gießen zur Bildung von Zonenkristallen. Diese Erstarrungsintervalle sind eine der Ursachen für die umgekehrte Blockseigerung, die mit starken Konzentrations- unterschieden über den Querschnitt verbunden ist. Sie kann vonDue to the large solidification interval, copper-tin alloys tend to form zone crystals during casting. These solidification intervals are one of the causes of the reverse block segregation, which is associated with strong concentration differences across the cross-section. It can from
Ausschwitzungen an der Oberfläche begleitet sein. Diese Konzentrationsunterschiede sind die Ursache dafür, daß im Gußzustand schon bei geringen Zinngehalten ein heterogenes Gefüge auftreten kann. Das Ausmaß der Seigerung hängt von den Abkühlungsbedingungen ab. Je rascher die Abkühlung erfolgt, bei umso niedrigeren Zinngehalten liegt theoretisch die Grenze des homogenen Gebiets.Excessive sweating is accompanied. These differences in concentration are the reason why a heterogeneous structure can occur in the cast state even with low tin contents. The extent of segregation depends on the cooling conditions. The faster the cooling takes place, the lower the tin content theoretically is the limit of the homogeneous area.
Fig. 1 stellt das Zustandsschaubild von Kupfer-Zinn-Legierungen dar. Wie der Darstellung zu entnehmen ist, zerfällt der γ-Kristall bei 520°C eutektoid in α + δ, und die δ-Phase wandelt sich bei einer Temperatur von etwa 350°C ihrerseits eutektoid in α + ε um, wobei die Verbindung Cu3ιSn8 die δ-Phase und Cu3Sn die ε-Phase ist. Diese Umwandlung verläuft außerordentlich träge, so daß technische Legierungen selbst dann, wenn sie langsam abgekühlt wurden, im Endzustand (α + δ)-Eutektoid aufweisen.Fig. 1 shows the state diagram of copper-tin alloys. As can be seen from the illustration, the γ crystal at 520 ° C eutectoid decays into α + δ, and the δ phase changes at a temperature of about 350 ° C in turn eutectoid in α + ε um, with the compound Cu 3 ιSn 8 the δ phase and Cu 3 Sn the ε phase. This transformation is extremely slow, so that even if they have been slowly cooled, technical alloys have (α + δ) eutectoid in the final state.
Die Zinn-Konzentrationsunterschiede innerhalb eines Kristalls können bis zu 10% betragen. Eine Homogenisierungsglühung hat das Ziel, diese Unterschiede möglichst auszugleichen. Eine Auflösung des δ-Bestandteils wird beim Glühen im Bereich von 650°C bis 700°C erreicht, wodurch eine erhebliche Steigerung der Dehnung auftritt. Mit steigender Dehnung nimmt auch die Zugfestigkeit zu.The tin concentration differences within a crystal can be up to 10%. Homogenization annealing aims to compensate for these differences as much as possible. Dissolution of the δ component is achieved during annealing in the range from 650 ° C to 700 ° C, which results in a considerable increase in elongation. The tensile strength increases with increasing elongation.
Kupfer-Zinn-Legierungen werden üblicherweise in Luftatmosphäre gegossen und meist kalt umgeformt. Das bedeutet, daß die Oberfläche stark oxidiert wird.Copper-tin alloys are usually cast in an air atmosphere and are usually cold formed. This means that the surface is strongly oxidized.
Während einer anschließend durchzuführenden Homogenisierungsglühung wird deshalb gegenwärtig mit stark reduzierenden Schutzgasatmosphären gearbeitet. Der Wasserstoffanteil üblicher Schutzgase beträgt bis etwa 100 Vol.-%. Auf diese Art werden die Oxide bereits in der Aufheizphase reduziert. Durch die Reduktion der Oxide, die von Ausschwitzen an der Oberfläche begleitet ist, werden dieTherefore, during a subsequent homogenization annealing, strongly reducing protective gas atmospheres are being used. The hydrogen content of conventional protective gases is up to about 100% by volume. In this way, the oxides are already reduced in the heating phase. By reducing the oxides, which is accompanied by exudation on the surface, the
Oberflächen von Draht bzw. Band nach der Glühbehandlung zwar blank, aber sie kleben stark. Eine weitere Verarbeitung setzt eine mechanische Nacharbeit der Oberfläche voraus und ist deshalb sehr zeit- und kostenaufwendig.Surfaces of wire or tape are bright after the annealing treatment, but they stick strongly. Further processing requires mechanical reworking of the surface and is therefore very time-consuming and costly.
In mehreren Laborversuchen wurde unter Betriebsparametern eine homogenisierende Glühung kalt umgeformter Gußproben von Bronzedraht durchgeführt, zunächst unter reduzierenden SchutzgasatmosphärenIn several laboratory tests, a homogenizing annealing of cold-formed cast samples of bronze wire was carried out under operating parameters, initially under a reducing protective gas atmosphere
(75% N2, 25% H2). Bei Bronzedraht wurde ein starkes Ausschwitzen auf der Oberfläche der behandelten Proben beobachtet. Dieses Ausschwitzen trat bevorzugt häufig dort auf, wo die Konzentration von Zinn durch Seigerung am größten war. Die stark reduzierende Schutzgasatmosphäre konnte diesen Prozeß offenbar fördern. Unter reduzierenden, wasserstoffhaltigen Atmosphären kommt es parallel schon in der Aufheizphase zur Reduktion der Oxide auf der Oberfläche, die am intensivsten an den Korngrenzen auftritt, was mit einer thermischen Ätzung vergleichbar ist.(75% N 2 , 25% H 2 ). With bronze wire there was a profuse sweating on the Surface of the treated samples observed. This exudation often occurred preferentially where the concentration of tin by segregation was greatest. The strongly reducing protective gas atmosphere could obviously promote this process. Under reducing, hydrogen-containing atmospheres, the oxides on the surface, which occur most intensely at the grain boundaries, are already reduced in the heating phase, which is comparable to thermal etching.
Die nach außen offenen Korngrenzen sind vermutlich die Stellen, an denen durch eine Umwandlung einer noch nicht homogenen Struktur eine niedrig schmelzende Zinnphase ausgeschwitzt wird. Da beim Glühen von Bunden die Windungen dicht beieinander liegen, entstehen dadurch die als Kleber bezeichneten Brücken, die eine festgeschmolzene Verbindung zweier benachbarter Oberflächen bilden. In weiteren Versuchen wurde der Wasserstoffanteil in der Schutzgasatmosphäre ständig verringert. Es wurde beobachtet, daß mit Abnahme des Reduktionsvermögens der Schutzgasatmosphäre das Ausschwitzen immer geringer wurde. Schließlich wurden Versuche mit inerten bzw. oxidierenden Schutzgasatmosphären durchgeführt, wobei als Oxidationsmittel Kohlendioxid verwendet wurde.The grain boundaries that are open to the outside are presumably the places at which a low-melting tin phase is exudated by the conversion of a structure that is not yet homogeneous. Since the coils lie close together when annealing coils, this creates the bridges called adhesives, which form a melted connection between two adjacent surfaces. In further experiments, the proportion of hydrogen in the protective gas atmosphere was continuously reduced. It was observed that with the decrease in the reducing ability of the protective gas atmosphere, the exudation became less and less. Finally, tests were carried out with inert or oxidizing protective gas atmospheres, carbon dioxide being used as the oxidizing agent.
Ein Beispiel für eine derartige Behandlung ist in Fig. 2 erläutert. Ein Gasgemisch mit 15 Vol.-% CO2 (Rest N2) gewährleistete in der Aufheiz- und Haltezeit den Erhalt der vorhandenen Oxidschichten und führte je nach Legierungselementen, z.B. beim Zwischenglühen bereits kalt umgeformter Drähte, auch bei Temperaturen von 400° C eine zusätzliche Oxidation durch den CO2-Anteil herbei. Auf diese Weise konnte durch eine schützende Umhüllung der Oberfläche mit einer dünnen Oxidschicht das Ausschwitzen aus dem Glühgut gestoppt werden, und die Chargen wurden kleberfrei geglüht. Gleichzeitig wurden bessere Bedingungen für den Homogenisierungsprozeß geschaffen.An example of such a treatment is explained in FIG. 2. A gas mixture with 15 vol .-% CO 2 (rest N 2 ) ensured the preservation of the existing oxide layers during the heating and holding time and, depending on the alloying elements, for example during intermediate annealing of wires that had already been cold-formed, performed an additional one even at temperatures of 400 ° C Oxidation caused by the CO 2 portion. In this way, the protective coating of the surface with a thin oxide layer prevented the exudation from the annealing material and the batches were annealed without glue. At the same time, better conditions were created for the homogenization process.
Um die in der Aufheiz- und beim Beginn der Haltephase erhaltene bzw. neu aufgebaute Oxidschicht schließlich wieder zu reduzieren, wurde die N2/CO2- Schutzgasatmosphäre zum Ende der Haltezeit gegen eine reine Wasserstoffatmosphäre ausgetauscht. Dadurch wurden für das Ende der Haltezeit und für die Abkühlzeit stark reduzierende Bedingungen geschaffen und die vor Kleben schützenden Oxidschichten abgebaut. Die Chargen wurden blank und kleberfrei geglüht. Die zeitliche Veränderung der maßgeblichen Parameter ist in der folgenden Übersicht nochmals dargestellt:In order to finally reduce the oxide layer obtained in the heating phase and at the beginning of the holding phase, the N 2 / CO 2 protective gas atmosphere was exchanged for a pure hydrogen atmosphere at the end of the holding time. This was for the end of the Holding time and greatly reducing conditions for the cooling time were created and the oxide layers protecting against sticking were broken down. The batches were annealed bright and glue-free. The change in the relevant parameters over time is shown again in the following overview:
Versuchsparameter Bronzedraht-BehandlungTest parameters bronze wire treatment
T°C CO2% H2%T ° C CO 2 % H 2 %
0 25 15 00 25 15 0
1 290 15 01 290 15 0
2 530 15 02 530 15 0
3 700 15 03,700 15 0
4 700 15 04,700 15 0
5 700 15 05 700 15 0
6 700 15 06 700 15 0
7 700 15 07 700 15 0
8 700 15 08 700 15 0
9 700 0 1009 700 0 100
10 700 0 10010 700 0 100
11 500 0 10011 500 0 100
Weitere Versuche haben gezeigt, daß an anderen Buntmetallegierungen wie z.B. Neusilber (Cu-Ni-Zn) die gleichen Ergebnisse erreicht werden.Further tests have shown that other non-ferrous metal alloys such as Nickel silver (Cu-Ni-Zn) the same results can be achieved.
Die Wärmebehandlung von in Luft gegossenem Draht, der bereits eine ausgeprägte Oxidschicht aufweist, wäre in der Haltephase auch mit einer inerten Schutzgasatmosphäre möglich, z.B. mit reinem Stickstoff. Die Oxidschicht könnte anschließend in der Abkühlphase mit Wasserstoff reduziert werden, um ein blankes Glühergebnis zu erreichen.The heat treatment of wire cast in air, which already has a pronounced oxide layer, would also be possible in the holding phase with an inert protective gas atmosphere, e.g. with pure nitrogen. The oxide layer could then be reduced with hydrogen in the cooling phase in order to achieve a bright annealing result.
Die in der vorangehenden Beschreibung, in der Zeichnung sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebigen Kombinationen für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungsformen wesentlich sein. The features of the invention disclosed in the preceding description, in the drawing and in the claims can be essential both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Verfahren zum Vermeiden von Klebern beim Glühen von Buntmetallegierungen mit den Phasen Aufheizen, Halten, Abkühlen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Glühgut während der Strukturumwandlung einer inerten oder oxidierenden Schutzgasatmosphäre ausgesetzt wird, wodurch in dieser Zeit an der Oberfläche des Glühguts eine dünne Oxidschicht gebildet wird und/oder eine vorhandene Oxidschicht erhalten bleibt, die ein Zusammenkleben von Buntmetallteilen verhindert.1. A method for avoiding adhesives during the annealing of non-ferrous metal alloys with the phases of heating, holding, cooling, characterized in that the material to be annealed is subjected to an inert or oxidizing protective gas atmosphere during the structural transformation, as a result of which a thin oxide layer is formed on the surface of the material to be annealed is and / or an existing oxide layer is retained, which prevents non-ferrous metal parts from sticking together.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine inerte Schutzgasatmosphäre aus N2 besteht.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an inert protective gas atmosphere consists of N 2 .
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine oxidierende Schutzgasatmosphäre Kohlendioxid enthält.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that an oxidizing protective gas atmosphere contains carbon dioxide.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mindestens 10 Vol.-% Kohlendioxid verwendet werden.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that at least 10 vol .-% carbon dioxide are used.
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die inerte oder oxidierende Schutzgasatmosphäre am Ende der Haltephase oder am Anfang der Abkühlphase gegen eine reduzierende Atmosphäre ausgetauscht wird, die die Oxidschicht reduziert und eine blanke Oberfläche der behandelten Teile gewährleistet.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inert or oxidizing protective gas atmosphere at the end of the holding phase or at the beginning of the cooling phase is replaced by a reducing atmosphere which reduces the oxide layer and ensures a bare surface of the treated parts.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die inerte oder oxidierende Schutzgasatmosphäre gegen eine wasserstoffhaltige Atmosphäre ausgetauscht wird.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the inert or oxidizing protective gas atmosphere against one hydrogen-containing atmosphere is exchanged.
7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, gekennzeichnet durch eine reine Wasserstoffatmosphäre. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized by a pure hydrogen atmosphere.
EP97951214A 1996-12-18 1997-11-17 Method of annealing nonferrous metal parts without stickers Expired - Lifetime EP0946776B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19652607 1996-12-18
DE19652607A DE19652607A1 (en) 1996-12-18 1996-12-18 Process for glue-free annealing of non-ferrous metal parts
PCT/EP1997/006394 WO1998027243A1 (en) 1996-12-18 1997-11-17 Method of annealing nonferrous metal parts without stickers

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EP0946776A1 true EP0946776A1 (en) 1999-10-06
EP0946776B1 EP0946776B1 (en) 2001-12-19

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AT (1) ATE211184T1 (en)
DE (2) DE19652607A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2170425T3 (en)
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US6159307A (en) 2000-12-12
ES2170425T3 (en) 2002-08-01
JP2001506317A (en) 2001-05-15
DE19652607A1 (en) 1998-06-25
EP0946776B1 (en) 2001-12-19
UA47512C2 (en) 2002-07-15
DE59705922D1 (en) 2002-01-31
TW486521B (en) 2002-05-11
WO1998027243A1 (en) 1998-06-25
ATE211184T1 (en) 2002-01-15

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