EP0945678B1 - Low NOx burner for liquid and gaseous fuels - Google Patents
Low NOx burner for liquid and gaseous fuels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0945678B1 EP0945678B1 EP99830162A EP99830162A EP0945678B1 EP 0945678 B1 EP0945678 B1 EP 0945678B1 EP 99830162 A EP99830162 A EP 99830162A EP 99830162 A EP99830162 A EP 99830162A EP 0945678 B1 EP0945678 B1 EP 0945678B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- primary
- air duct
- swirler
- combustion
- secondary air
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
- F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
- F23C7/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion using vanes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
- F23C7/008—Flow control devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel low NOx burner for liquid and gaseous fuel. More precisely the invention relates to a low/medium capacity burner designed to equip steam or hot water generators both for civil purposes (for example remote location heating plants) and for industrial purposes (for example, boilers for steam generation for machinery, industrial laundries, etc.).
- Low/medium capacity burners of the prior art generally comprise a duct for the combustion air, which can be whirled by means of an adjustable radial register or by means of a tangential inlet (volute inlet), and a large perforated and/or finned disk, placed at the outlet of the duct, for the stabilization of the flame.
- the burners of this kind are considerably simple in structure and construction, but have a low ability to reduce the nitrogen oxides emissions and very high aerodynamic pressure drops (in the range of several thousands of Pa).
- On the other side for large size plants (such as thermoelectric power plants) there are known burners in which the combustion air is split into several streams, generally three streams, in such a way to control the reaction stoichiometry and the flame temperature.
- stage combustion consists in suitably dosing the air and the fuel within the combustion system, in such a way to form a fuel-rich zone, in which the fuel pyrolysis processes take place and NOx reduction processes are activated, and a fuel-poor zone where the remaining portion of combustion air mixes with the fuel to complete the combustion.
- Burners of this type are not suitable for low/medium capacity plants, both for cost reasons and the difficulties of reproducing their geometry on a lower scale.
- EP 0536556 A1 discloses a burner for oil and gas fuels comprising a primary air duct and a secondary air duct coaxial to the primary air duct, oil/gas fuel supplying means extending in the primary duct, means for controlling the flowrate of the primary and the secondary air duct and means for creating vorticity in the combustion air comprising moving swirlers at the outlet side of the primary and secondary air ducts.
- US 3367385 A discloses a burner wherein the primary air duct is provided with an axially slidable radial swirler at its inlet side.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a liquid and gaseous fuel burner suitable of performing a stage combustion typical of the "three airs" burners, with all the related advantages in term of reduced NOx production, but with a more simple structure with respect to this type of burners, thus being fit for installation in low/medium capacity steam/hot water generation plants.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a burner of the above-mentioned type, suitable to equip the combustion units of new steam and hot water generators, as well as to be mounted on existing plants.
- the burner of the invention by virtue of the division of the combustion air into two streams, called primary and secondary air stream, as well as of a suitable geometry of the burner outlet and by means of the use of a turbulence generator (primary swirler) on the primary air with a radial flow divider and a controllable turbulence generator (secondary swirler) on the secondary air.
- primary swirler turbulence generator
- secondary swirler controllable turbulence generator
- a burner mounted in correspondence of a conical opening 2 of an inner wall 3 of a combustion chamber 4. Opening 2 is formed in the shape of a throat diverging toward combustion chamber 4.
- Combustion air is fed through a windbox 5 and split into two streams, called primary air stream A1 and secondary air stream A2 through respective primary air duct 11 and secondary air duct 17 coaxially arranged on longitudinal axis X-X of the burner.
- the burner comprises a liquid fuel lance 6 connected to a flange 7 at the outer end and having an atomizer 8, of the known type, for converting the fuel into a fine spray at the inner end inside combustion chamber 4.
- Lance 6 is centrally arranged on the longitudinal axis X-X of the burner and a plurality of lances 9 for feeding gaseous fuels are arranged in parallel relation around it.
- Gas lances 9 extend from a toroidal header 10 located outside of flange 7 up to combustion chamber 4. Therefore, the burner can handle liquid fuel, gaseous fuel or both of them.
- Primary air duct 11 extends coaxially to liquid fuel lance 6 and houses gas lances 9. It is connected to flange 7 at its outer end and communicates with combustion chamber 4 at the inner one.
- a plurality of radial windows 12 for feeding the air from windbox 5 are formed on primary air duct 11 close to flange 7 and a cylindrical damper 13 axially slidable by means of a pair of rods 14 (only one shown in figure 1) extending outside of flange 7 is provided inside primary duct 11 in correspondence to windows 12.
- Secondary air duct 17 extends coaxially to primary air duct 11 from a flange 18 radially extending from duct 11 and outflows in combustion chamber 4.
- a plurality of radial windows 19 for feeding air from windbox 5 are formed on secondary air duct 17 close to flange 18.
- a cylindrical damper 20 axially slidable by means of a pair of rods 21 (only one shown in figure 1) is provided in correspondence to windows 19 on the outer side of secondary air duct 17.
- the axial sliding of cylindrical dampers 13 and 20 allows for a continuous adjustment of the respective inlet sections of primary and secondary air ducts and, by this way, the partitioning of the flowrate of the combustion air. The adjustment can be carried out both by manual operation of respective rods 14 and by motorized operation.
- the primary and secondary air ducts can be fed either by the same windbox 5, as shown, or by different windboxes.
- a primary swirler 15 formed by a plurality of fixed blades 15a is arranged in primary air duct 11 in correspondence to the outlet end at combustion chamber 4.
- a radial flow divider 16 conically shaped and coaxial to axis X-X of the burner, is provided at the outlet of primary swirler 15.
- the blades 15a of primary swirler 15 have a fixed inclination defined as a function of the application.
- the blades can be flat (figures 2a, 2b), in the case in which the outlet angle is the same over the whole radius of the primary air duct, or they can have a variable section.
- the section can be varied in a continuous way so as to have an outlet angle of the primary air flow variable with the radius, as shown in figures 3a, 3b, or in a discontinuous way by making each blade of two differently inclined blade-portions connected to each other, as shown in figures 4a, 4b.
- Radial flow divider 16 arranged on the side of primary swirler 15 facing toward combustion chamber 4, divides swirler 15 into two concentric annuli, of which the external one has flowing section 2-3 times greater than the inner one.
- a movable swirler 22 formed by a plurality of inclined blades, is arranged at the inner side of secondary air duct 17 in correspondence to windows 19.
- Swirler 22 is made axially slidable between two end positions, a first one completely downstream of windows 19 and a second one, shown with discontinuous line in figure 1, completely upstream of windows 19, the sliding of movable swirler 22 being controlled by rods 23 extending outside of flange 7.
- the air vorticity can be controlled in such a way that it will be null when swirler 22 is in the backward position, i.e. the second position and the combustion air does not passes through it (fig.5a), medium when the swirler is in the intermediate position (fig.
- the vorticity control is obtained by placing the swirler in one of the possible intermediate positions.
- a venturi 24 is placed downstream of movable swirler 22 in correspondence to the outlet of secondary air duct 24.
- a radial flow divider 25 is arranged at the outlet of secondary air duct 17 in the combustion chamber 4.
- Flow divider 25 has a frusto-conical shape and extends from the outlet cage of primary air duct 11 thus delimiting the primary air stream from the secondary air stream.
- the primary swirler 15 placed on the primary air stream at the outlet of the burner allows to obtain a field of motion typical of a low-NOx burner with low pressure drop without the risk of moving backward the flame front, in any operating condition, and fouling or damaging burner parts.
- the blades are so shaped as to increase the amount of air passing through the central zone. If a structure with a double series of blades such as that shown in figures 4a, 4b is used, the same purpose is achieved and further the whirling, i.e. the vorticity of the part of primary air passing through the outer annulus, can be increased.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a novel low NOx burner for liquid and gaseous fuel. More precisely the invention relates to a low/medium capacity burner designed to equip steam or hot water generators both for civil purposes (for example remote location heating plants) and for industrial purposes (for example, boilers for steam generation for machinery, industrial laundries, etc.).
- Low/medium capacity burners of the prior art generally comprise a duct for the combustion air, which can be whirled by means of an adjustable radial register or by means of a tangential inlet (volute inlet), and a large perforated and/or finned disk, placed at the outlet of the duct, for the stabilization of the flame. The burners of this kind are considerably simple in structure and construction, but have a low ability to reduce the nitrogen oxides emissions and very high aerodynamic pressure drops (in the range of several thousands of Pa). On the other side, for large size plants (such as thermoelectric power plants) there are known burners in which the combustion air is split into several streams, generally three streams, in such a way to control the reaction stoichiometry and the flame temperature. This system, named stage combustion, consists in suitably dosing the air and the fuel within the combustion system, in such a way to form a fuel-rich zone, in which the fuel pyrolysis processes take place and NOx reduction processes are activated, and a fuel-poor zone where the remaining portion of combustion air mixes with the fuel to complete the combustion. Burners of this type, however, are not suitable for low/medium capacity plants, both for cost reasons and the difficulties of reproducing their geometry on a lower scale.
- EP 0536556 A1 discloses a burner for oil and gas fuels comprising a primary air duct and a secondary air duct coaxial to the primary air duct, oil/gas fuel supplying means extending in the primary duct, means for controlling the flowrate of the primary and the secondary air duct and means for creating vorticity in the combustion air comprising moving swirlers at the outlet side of the primary and secondary air ducts. US 3367385 A discloses a burner wherein the primary air duct is provided with an axially slidable radial swirler at its inlet side.
- The object of the present invention is to provide a liquid and gaseous fuel burner suitable of performing a stage combustion typical of the "three airs" burners, with all the related advantages in term of reduced NOx production, but with a more simple structure with respect to this type of burners, thus being fit for installation in low/medium capacity steam/hot water generation plants.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a burner of the above-mentioned type, suitable to equip the combustion units of new steam and hot water generators, as well as to be mounted on existing plants.
- The above objects are achieved by the burner of the invention, by virtue of the division of the combustion air into two streams, called primary and secondary air stream, as well as of a suitable geometry of the burner outlet and by means of the use of a turbulence generator (primary swirler) on the primary air with a radial flow divider and a controllable turbulence generator (secondary swirler) on the secondary air. Thanks to the above simplified structure of the burner it is possible to achieve a lower unit cost and lower air side pressure drop with the same capacity and pollutant emissions.
- The features and advantages of the burner according to the present inventions will be clearer from the following description of an exemplifying and not limiting embodiment thereof with reference to the following drawings wherein:
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of the burner according to the invention;
- Figures 2a, 2b schematically show, in a side section and in front view, a primary swirler with flat blades of the burner according to the invention;
- Figures 3a, 3b schematically show, in front and rear perspective views, a variation of the primary swirler with variable section blades of the burner according to the invention;
- Figures 4a, 4b schematically show, in a side section and in front view, a variation of the primary swirler with a double-blade configuration of the burner according to the invention;
- Figures 5a, 5b, 5c schematically show, in a longitudinal perspective sectional view, the burner of the invention with the secondary swirler in the backward, intermediate and forward operating positions respectively.
- With reference to Figure 1, it has been indicated at 1 a burner mounted in correspondence of a
conical opening 2 of aninner wall 3 of acombustion chamber 4.Opening 2 is formed in the shape of a throat diverging towardcombustion chamber 4. Combustion air is fed through awindbox 5 and split into two streams, called primary air stream A1 and secondary air stream A2 through respectiveprimary air duct 11 andsecondary air duct 17 coaxially arranged on longitudinal axis X-X of the burner. - The burner comprises a
liquid fuel lance 6 connected to aflange 7 at the outer end and having anatomizer 8, of the known type, for converting the fuel into a fine spray at the inner end insidecombustion chamber 4. Lance 6 is centrally arranged on the longitudinal axis X-X of the burner and a plurality oflances 9 for feeding gaseous fuels are arranged in parallel relation around it.Gas lances 9 extend from atoroidal header 10 located outside offlange 7 up tocombustion chamber 4. Therefore, the burner can handle liquid fuel, gaseous fuel or both of them. -
Primary air duct 11 extends coaxially toliquid fuel lance 6 and housesgas lances 9. It is connected toflange 7 at its outer end and communicates withcombustion chamber 4 at the inner one. A plurality ofradial windows 12 for feeding the air fromwindbox 5 are formed onprimary air duct 11 close toflange 7 and acylindrical damper 13 axially slidable by means of a pair of rods 14 (only one shown in figure 1) extending outside offlange 7 is provided insideprimary duct 11 in correspondence towindows 12. -
Secondary air duct 17 extends coaxially toprimary air duct 11 from aflange 18 radially extending fromduct 11 and outflows incombustion chamber 4. A plurality ofradial windows 19 for feeding air fromwindbox 5 are formed onsecondary air duct 17 close toflange 18. Acylindrical damper 20 axially slidable by means of a pair of rods 21 (only one shown in figure 1) is provided in correspondence towindows 19 on the outer side ofsecondary air duct 17. The axial sliding ofcylindrical dampers respective rods 14 and by motorized operation. The primary and secondary air ducts can be fed either by thesame windbox 5, as shown, or by different windboxes. - A
primary swirler 15 formed by a plurality of fixedblades 15a is arranged inprimary air duct 11 in correspondence to the outlet end atcombustion chamber 4. Aradial flow divider 16, conically shaped and coaxial to axis X-X of the burner, is provided at the outlet ofprimary swirler 15. Theblades 15a ofprimary swirler 15 have a fixed inclination defined as a function of the application. The blades can be flat (figures 2a, 2b), in the case in which the outlet angle is the same over the whole radius of the primary air duct, or they can have a variable section. The section can be varied in a continuous way so as to have an outlet angle of the primary air flow variable with the radius, as shown in figures 3a, 3b, or in a discontinuous way by making each blade of two differently inclined blade-portions connected to each other, as shown in figures 4a, 4b. -
Radial flow divider 16, arranged on the side ofprimary swirler 15 facing towardcombustion chamber 4, dividesswirler 15 into two concentric annuli, of which the external one has flowing section 2-3 times greater than the inner one. - A
movable swirler 22, formed by a plurality of inclined blades, is arranged at the inner side ofsecondary air duct 17 in correspondence towindows 19. - Swirler 22 is made axially slidable between two end positions, a first one completely downstream of
windows 19 and a second one, shown with discontinuous line in figure 1, completely upstream ofwindows 19, the sliding ofmovable swirler 22 being controlled byrods 23 extending outside offlange 7. As also shown schematically in figures 5a, 5b, 5c, depending on the position ofmovable swirler 22 with respect toair inlet windows 19, the air vorticity can be controlled in such a way that it will be null whenswirler 22 is in the backward position, i.e. the second position and the combustion air does not passes through it (fig.5a), medium when the swirler is in the intermediate position (fig. 5b), and maximum when theswirler 22 is in the forwardly extended position, i.e. the first position (fig. 5c) . The vorticity control is obtained by placing the swirler in one of the possible intermediate positions. Aventuri 24 is placed downstream ofmovable swirler 22 in correspondence to the outlet ofsecondary air duct 24. Furthermore aradial flow divider 25 is arranged at the outlet ofsecondary air duct 17 in thecombustion chamber 4. -
Flow divider 25 has a frusto-conical shape and extends from the outlet cage ofprimary air duct 11 thus delimiting the primary air stream from the secondary air stream. - The
primary swirler 15 placed on the primary air stream at the outlet of the burner allows to obtain a field of motion typical of a low-NOx burner with low pressure drop without the risk of moving backward the flame front, in any operating condition, and fouling or damaging burner parts. The blades are so shaped as to increase the amount of air passing through the central zone. If a structure with a double series of blades such as that shown in figures 4a, 4b is used, the same purpose is achieved and further the whirling, i.e. the vorticity of the part of primary air passing through the outer annulus, can be increased. An equivalent effect can be obtained by using, instead of a double-bladed swirler, a swirler with single blades shaped so as to have an outlet angle variable with the radius, such as that shown in figures 3a, 3b.Radial flow divider 16 on the primary air stream has the purpose of separating the two flow regimes created by the blade shaping and stabilizing the flame. If the flow divider is combined with a double-bladed swirler, the diameter of the flow divider at the outlet of the swirler is equal to the diameter of separation of the annuli defined by the different inclinations of the series of blades.
Claims (8)
- A low-NOx burner for liquid and gaseous fuels, comprising a primary air duct (11) and a secondary air duct (17) coaxial to said primary air duct for supplying a primary air stream (A1) and, respectively, a secondary air stream (A2) for combustion, means (6,9) for supplying said fuels for combustion extending along or parallel to the longitudinal axis (X-X) of said primary air duct (11), control means for the combustion air comprising dampers (13,20) at the inlet side of said primary and secondary air ducts (11, 17), means for creating vorticity in the combustion air comprising a fixed swirler (15) at the outlet side of said primary air duct (11), characterized in that said means for creating vorticity in the combustion air further comprise an axially movable swirler (22) arranged axially at the inlet of the air in said secondary air duct for generating a vorticity which is a function of its position with respect to said inlet and in that said dampers (13, 20) are axially sliding.
- The burner according to claim 1, wherein a radial flow divider (16) is provided at the outlet side of said primary air duct (11) for dividing said swirler in two concentric annuli, the ratio between the cross sections of the inner annulus to the outer annulus being comprised between 1:2 and 1:3.
- The burner according to claim 2, wherein said primary swirler (15) is formed by blades (15a) having constant inclination.
- The burner according to claim 2, wherein said primary swirler (15) is formed by blades having different inclination for each annulus, said flow divider (16) having a frusto-conical shape with diameter of the lower section equal to the diameter of said inner annulus.
- The burner according to claim 2, wherein said primary swirler (15) is formed by blades (15a) having a continuously radially variable inclination.
- The burner according to the previous claims, wherein a second radial flow divider (25) is provided at the outlet side between the primary air duct (11) and the secondary air duct (17).
- The burner according to the previous claims, wherein a venturi (24) is provided at the outlet section of said secondary air duct (17).
- The burner according to the previous claims, wherein said primary air duct (11) and secondary air duct (17) are formed with respective radial windows (12, 19) through which the combustion air flows, a respective cylindrical damper (13, 20) being provided in correspondence to the windows of each duct for the flowrate partitioning.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ITFI980069 | 1998-03-25 | ||
IT98FI000069A ITFI980069A1 (en) | 1998-03-25 | 1998-03-25 | INNOVATIVE BURNER FOR LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS WITH LOW PRODUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0945678A2 EP0945678A2 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
EP0945678A3 EP0945678A3 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
EP0945678B1 true EP0945678B1 (en) | 2003-10-08 |
Family
ID=11352461
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99830162A Expired - Lifetime EP0945678B1 (en) | 1998-03-25 | 1999-03-23 | Low NOx burner for liquid and gaseous fuels |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0945678B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE251737T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69911830D1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITFI980069A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100445642C (en) * | 2004-12-06 | 2008-12-24 | 北京时代桃源环境科技有限公司 | Burning apparatus by using gas of buried garbage |
FR2887597B1 (en) * | 2005-06-27 | 2010-04-30 | Egci Pillard | ANNULAR CONDUIT AND BURNER COMPRISING SUCH A CONDUCT |
EP2378196B1 (en) * | 2010-04-16 | 2015-02-18 | Ammann Italy S.p.A. | Dual fuel burner for drying cylinders and method for using it |
JP5736583B2 (en) * | 2012-01-30 | 2015-06-17 | バブ日立工業株式会社 | Burner equipment |
CN103185342B (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2015-09-30 | 大唐韩城第二发电有限责任公司 | A kind of oil gas combination burner |
CN103256590B (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2015-07-15 | 北京科技大学 | Method and device for multi-grade mixed combustion of double fuels at cyclone state |
US9388983B2 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2016-07-12 | Plum Combustion, Inc. | Low NOx burner with low pressure drop |
ES2971983T3 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2024-06-10 | Siti B & T Group Spa | Burner for industrial ovens, dryers and similar |
CN114183754B (en) * | 2020-09-14 | 2024-04-26 | 意大利利雅路股份有限公司 | Burner head of burner |
CN114198751B (en) * | 2021-11-29 | 2024-02-09 | 北京航化节能环保技术有限公司 | Double-duct adjustable gas-liquid combined burner |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2144098A (en) * | 1937-01-06 | 1939-01-17 | Gasoline Prod Co Inc | Apparatus for firing furnaces |
US3367385A (en) * | 1966-11-29 | 1968-02-06 | Peabody Engineering Corp | Retractible air register |
US4201539A (en) * | 1978-01-03 | 1980-05-06 | Coen Company, Inc. | Flame forming burner |
US4504217A (en) * | 1983-10-14 | 1985-03-12 | Zurn Industries, Inc. | Low excess air burner having a movable venturi |
GB8331128D0 (en) * | 1983-11-22 | 1983-12-29 | Babcock Prod Eng | Axial swirl generators |
IT1238713B (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1993-09-01 | Ente Naz Energia Elettrica | PERFECTED BURNER FOR OIL AND COMBUSTIBLE GASES WITH LOW NITROGEN OXIDE PRODUCTION. |
DE4133176A1 (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1993-04-08 | Wulff Maschf Appbau Gmbh | BURNERS FOR LIQUID AND / OR GASEOUS FUELS |
GB2262981B (en) * | 1991-12-30 | 1995-08-09 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Dual fuel low nox burner |
DE19607676A1 (en) * | 1996-02-29 | 1997-09-11 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Burner for coal dust and air mixture |
DE69614547T2 (en) * | 1996-10-08 | 2002-04-04 | Ansaldo Caldaie Spa | burner |
-
1998
- 1998-03-25 IT IT98FI000069A patent/ITFI980069A1/en unknown
-
1999
- 1999-03-23 EP EP99830162A patent/EP0945678B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-03-23 AT AT99830162T patent/ATE251737T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-03-23 DE DE69911830T patent/DE69911830D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0945678A3 (en) | 2000-01-19 |
ITFI980069A0 (en) | 1998-03-25 |
ATE251737T1 (en) | 2003-10-15 |
DE69911830D1 (en) | 2003-11-13 |
ITFI980069A1 (en) | 1999-09-25 |
EP0945678A2 (en) | 1999-09-29 |
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