EP0943974A1 - Voltage regulator circuit - Google Patents

Voltage regulator circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0943974A1
EP0943974A1 EP98105108A EP98105108A EP0943974A1 EP 0943974 A1 EP0943974 A1 EP 0943974A1 EP 98105108 A EP98105108 A EP 98105108A EP 98105108 A EP98105108 A EP 98105108A EP 0943974 A1 EP0943974 A1 EP 0943974A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
field effect
effect transistor
transistor
connection
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98105108A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0943974B1 (en
Inventor
Jürgen Meier
Hans-Jörg Florenz
Armin Wernet
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
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Application filed by Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG filed Critical Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Priority to EP98105108A priority Critical patent/EP0943974B1/en
Priority to DE59813694T priority patent/DE59813694D1/en
Priority to CA002264437A priority patent/CA2264437C/en
Priority to US09/262,434 priority patent/US6094040A/en
Priority to HU9900687A priority patent/HU225080B1/en
Publication of EP0943974A1 publication Critical patent/EP0943974A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0943974B1 publication Critical patent/EP0943974B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
    • G05F1/575—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices characterised by the feedback circuit

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a voltage regulating circuit to generate a regulated DC output voltage an unregulated DC or AC voltage, with a rectifier circuit on the input side for rectification the unregulated AC voltage and a series regulator that contains a controllable transistor via a control connection and the rectifier output voltage supplied to it regulates to a first voltage value.
  • Such a voltage regulating circuit is known from US-A-4,754,388 known.
  • This voltage control circuit contains in A transistor circuit in front of the actual series regulator, that acts as a switch and that to Series regulator interrupts current flowing as soon as the Input voltage exceeds a predetermined value. The Switching off the current can lead to high current and voltage peaks lead in the circuit that leads to that in the Circuit components must be used that this can withstand high current and voltage peaks.
  • the invention has for its object a voltage control circuit to create the type specified at the beginning of the components, especially the output side used components no high requirements regarding the current and voltage resistance are set have to.
  • the voltage control circuit is used to solve this problem according to the invention, characterized in that the transistor the series regulator is a field effect transistor, which in conductive state charges a charging capacitor, the Charging voltage forms the regulated output voltage that with the control terminal of the field effect transistor one at the unregulated DC voltage first threshold circuit is connected to this control connection applies voltage blocking the field effect transistor as soon as the unregulated DC voltage over a given one Threshold increases, and that with the control connection of the Field effect transistor on the regulated output DC voltage lying second threshold circuit connected is the one at this control terminal the field effect transistor blocking voltage is applied as soon as it is regulated Output voltage rises above a specified setpoint.
  • the Field effect transistor of the series regulator by a voltage at its control connection to achieve the desired Control function controlled, which has the consequence that hard Switching operations of the current flowing through the transistor be avoided.
  • the field effect transistor behaves rather like an element with controllable impedance, which with Using the control voltages from the threshold circuits so between the low-resistance state and the high-resistance one State can be switched over that steep switching edges and thus high current and voltage peaks can be avoided.
  • the voltage control circuit shown in Figure 1 is used to do so, from an input voltage that is between the input terminals 10, 12 is applied, a regulated DC voltage to generate at the output terminals 14, 16.
  • a regulated DC voltage can it be a DC voltage or also is an AC voltage.
  • the circuit is designed so be that the input voltage is a DC voltage between 20V and 55V or an alternating voltage between 20V and is 253V.
  • the constant DC output voltage should be 11V be.
  • the input voltage is an AC voltage is, it is first of all by a bridge rectifier 18 rectified.
  • the core of the control circuit is a conventional series controller from a transistor 20, here a field effect transistor, a Zener diode 22 and a resistor 24.
  • a such series controller is known to produce at its output a constant DC output voltage, except for the Voltage drop across transistor 20 of the Zener voltage Zener diode 22 corresponds.
  • the input voltage of this Series controllers must of course always be larger than that desired regulated output DC voltage.
  • the first threshold switching consists of a voltage divider with resistors 26 and 28, a field effect transistor 30 and a zener diode 32.
  • the control terminal 21 of the field effect transistor 30 is with the connection point 34 of the two resistors 26 and 28 connected, its drain connection is with the control connection 21st of the field effect transistor 20 connected, and its source terminal is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode 32, whose anode is grounded.
  • FIG. 1 In the circuit of Figure 1 is another threshold switch included, which from the series connection from a Resistor 36, a Zener diode 38 and another resistor 40 and an NPN transistor 42.
  • the series connection from the resistor 36, the Zener diode 38 and the Resistor 40 is between the output terminal 16 and Dimensions.
  • the collector of transistor 42 is connected to the control terminal 21 of the field effect transistor 20 connected while its emitter is grounded.
  • the base terminal of the transistor 42 is with the connection point between the anode the Zener diode 38 and the resistor 40 connected.
  • Between the transistor 20 and the output terminal 16 is another Resistor 44. It also lies between the output terminals 14 and 16, a charging capacitor 46.
  • the action of the above-mentioned first threshold switch begins when a predetermined value of the rectified AC voltage is reached.
  • the field effect transistor 30 changes to the conductive state, so that the voltage at the control terminal 21 of the transistor 20 drops until this transistor changes to the blocked state.
  • the circuit should be designed so that it delivers the desired regulated DC voltage of 11V at the output even with DC input voltages up to 55V.
  • the first threshold switch may of course only initiate the transition of the transistor 20 into the blocked state when the output voltage of the rectifier 18 exceeds the voltage value 55V. Early insertion of the first threshold switch would reduce the desired range of DC input voltage.
  • FIG. 2b it can be seen how the current is limited by the use of the regulating action of the series regulator from time t 1 , although the input voltage still rises. At the same time, it can be seen that from the point in time t 2 of the first threshold switch, the current through the field effect transistor 20 drops to the value zero.
  • the current flowing through transistor 20 charges through the Resistor 44 on capacitor 46. Once the tension on the capacitor 46 due to an insufficient control effect of the series regulator the desired output voltage value exceeds that due to the dimensioning of the Zener diode 38 and the resistors 36 and 40 can be set, results at node 48, i.e. at the base connection of the Transistor 42 is a voltage value that this transistor 42nd placed in the conductive state. This has the consequence that the control terminal 21 of the transistor 20 practically to ground is placed so that this transistor 20 in the blocked Condition passes. This condition lasts as long as Charging capacitor 46 is a voltage that is higher than that desired output voltage at terminals 14, 16.
  • the threshold switches each on the control terminal 21 of the transistor 20 act, only come into effect when the voltage control circuit is fed with an alternating voltage.
  • the range of the input DC voltages is namely the current not completely interrupted by transistor 20 otherwise there is no continuous output voltage more could be generated between terminals 14 and 16.
  • the voltage regulating circuit is said to DC input voltages from 20V to 55V and one Can process AC input voltage up to 253V.
  • the Output voltage between terminals 14 and 16 should be be kept at a constant value of 11V.
  • the zener diode 22 has a zener voltage value of 16V
  • the Zener diode 32 has a Zener voltage value of 5.6V
  • the Zener diode 38 has a Zener voltage value of 10V.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)

Abstract

The transistor of the series regulator is a FET (20), which in conducting mode charges a capacitor (46), the charge voltage of which, forms the regulated output voltage, that with the control connection (21) of the FET (20) is connected a first threshold value circuit (26,28,30,32) lying at the unregulated DC voltage. At the connection (21) lies a voltage blocking the FET, as soon as the unregulated DC voltage lies above a specified threshold value. A second threshold value circuit (36,38,40,42) lying at the regulated output DC voltage is connected with the control connection (21) of the FET (20). The voltage at this control connection blocks the FET, as soon as regulated DC voltage rises above a specified desired value.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Spannungsregelschaltung zum Erzeugen einer geregelten Ausgangsgleichspannung aus einer ungeregelten Gleich- oder Wechselspannung, mit einer eingangsseitigen Gleichrichterschaltung zum Gleichrichten der ungeregelten Wechselspannung und einem Serienregler, der einen über einen Steueranschluß steuerbaren Transistor enthält und der die ihm zugeführte Ausgangsspannung des Gleichrichters auf einen ersten Spannungswert regelt.The invention relates to a voltage regulating circuit to generate a regulated DC output voltage an unregulated DC or AC voltage, with a rectifier circuit on the input side for rectification the unregulated AC voltage and a series regulator that contains a controllable transistor via a control connection and the rectifier output voltage supplied to it regulates to a first voltage value.

Aus der US-A-4 754 388 ist eine solche Spannungsregelschaltung bekannt. Diese Spannungsregelschaltung enthält im Längszweig vor dem eigentlichen Serienregler eine Transistorschaltung, die als Schalter wirkt und den zum Serienregler fließenden Strom unterbricht, sobald die Eingangsspannung einen vorbestimmten Wert überschreitet. Das Abschalten des Stroms kann zu hohen Strom- und Spannungsspitzen in der Schaltung führen, die dazu führt, daß in der Schaltung Bauelemente verwendet werden müssen, die diesen hohen Strom- und Spannungsspitzen widerstehen können. Such a voltage regulating circuit is known from US-A-4,754,388 known. This voltage control circuit contains in A transistor circuit in front of the actual series regulator, that acts as a switch and that to Series regulator interrupts current flowing as soon as the Input voltage exceeds a predetermined value. The Switching off the current can lead to high current and voltage peaks lead in the circuit that leads to that in the Circuit components must be used that this can withstand high current and voltage peaks.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Spannungsregelschaltung der eingangs angegebenen Art zu schaffen, bei der an die Bauelemente, insbesondere die ausgangsseitig verwendeten Bauelemente keine hohen Anforderungen hinsichtlich der Strom- und Spannungsfestigkeit gestellt werden müssen.The invention has for its object a voltage control circuit to create the type specified at the beginning of the components, especially the output side used components no high requirements regarding the current and voltage resistance are set have to.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe ist die Spannungsregelschaltung gemäß der Erfindung dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Transistor des Serienreglers ein Feldeffekttransistor ist, der im leitenden Zustand einen Ladekondensator auflädt, dessen Ladespannung die geregelte Ausgangsspannung bildet, daß mit dem Steueranschluß des Feldeffekttransistors eine an der ungeregelten Gleichspannung liegende erste Schwellenwertschaltung verbunden ist, die an diesen Steueranschluß eine den Feldeffekttransistor sperrende Spannung anlegt, sobald die ungeregelte Gleichspannung über einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert steigt, und daß mit dem Steueranschluß des Feldeffekttransistors eine an der geregelten Ausgangsgleichspannung liegende zweite Schwellenwertschaltung verbunden ist, die an diesen Steueranschluß eine den Feldeffekttransistor sperrende Spannung anlegt, sobald sie geregelte Ausgangsspannung über einen vorgegebenen Sollwert ansteigt.The voltage control circuit is used to solve this problem according to the invention, characterized in that the transistor the series regulator is a field effect transistor, which in conductive state charges a charging capacitor, the Charging voltage forms the regulated output voltage that with the control terminal of the field effect transistor one at the unregulated DC voltage first threshold circuit is connected to this control connection applies voltage blocking the field effect transistor as soon as the unregulated DC voltage over a given one Threshold increases, and that with the control connection of the Field effect transistor on the regulated output DC voltage lying second threshold circuit connected is the one at this control terminal the field effect transistor blocking voltage is applied as soon as it is regulated Output voltage rises above a specified setpoint.

In der erfindungsgemäßen Spannungsregelschaltung wird der Feldeffekttransistor des Serienreglers durch eine Spannung an seinem Steueranschluß zur Erzielung der gewünschten Regelfunktion gesteuert, was zur Folge hat, daß harte Schaltvorgänge des den Transistor durchfließenden Stroms vermieden werden. Der Feldeffekttransistor verhält sich vielmehr wie ein Element mit steuerbarer Impedanz, das mit Hilfe der Steuerspannungen aus den Schwellenwertschaltungen so zwischen dem niederohmigen Zustand und dem hochohmigen Zustand umgeschaltet werden kann, daß steile Schaltflanken und damit hohe Strom- und Spannungsspitzen vermieden werden.In the voltage control circuit according to the invention, the Field effect transistor of the series regulator by a voltage at its control connection to achieve the desired Control function controlled, which has the consequence that hard Switching operations of the current flowing through the transistor be avoided. The field effect transistor behaves rather like an element with controllable impedance, which with Using the control voltages from the threshold circuits so between the low-resistance state and the high-resistance one State can be switched over that steep switching edges and thus high current and voltage peaks can be avoided.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Advantageous developments of the invention are in the Subclaims marked.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung beispielshalber erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 ein Prinzipschaltbild der erfindungsgemäßen Spannungsregelschaltung und
  • Figur 2a und 2b Diagramme, die den Verlauf der Spannung am Punkt A bzw. den Verlauf des Stroms am Punkt B veranschaulichen.
    • The invention will now be explained by way of example with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the voltage control circuit according to the invention and
  • 2a and 2b are diagrams which illustrate the course of the voltage at point A and the course of the current at point B.

    • Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Spannungsregelschaltung dient dazu, aus einer Eingangsspannung, die zwischen die Eingangsklemmen 10, 12 angelegt wird, eine geregelte Gleichspannung an den Ausgangsklemmen 14, 16 zu erzeugen. Bei der Eingangsspannung kann es sich dabei um eine Gleichspannung oder auch um eine Wechselspannung handeln. Die Schaltung soll so ausgelegt sein, daß die Eingangsspannung eine Gleichspannung zwischen 20V und 55V oder eine Wechselspannung zwischen 20V und 253V ist. Die konstante Ausgangsgleichspannung soll 11V betragen. Für den Fall, daß die Eingangsspannung eine Wechselspannung ist, wird sie zunächst von einem Brückengleichrichter 18 gleichgerichtet.The voltage control circuit shown in Figure 1 is used to do so, from an input voltage that is between the input terminals 10, 12 is applied, a regulated DC voltage to generate at the output terminals 14, 16. At the input voltage can it be a DC voltage or also is an AC voltage. The circuit is designed so be that the input voltage is a DC voltage between 20V and 55V or an alternating voltage between 20V and is 253V. The constant DC output voltage should be 11V be. In the event that the input voltage is an AC voltage is, it is first of all by a bridge rectifier 18 rectified.

    Der Kern der Regelschaltung ist ein herkömmlicher Serienregler aus einem Transistor 20, hier einem Feldeffekttransistor, einer Zenerdiode 22 und einem Widerstand 24. Ein solcher Serienregler erzeugt bekanntlich an seinem Ausgang eine konstante Ausgangsgleichspannung, die bis auf den Spannungsabfall am Transistor 20 der Zenerspannung der Zenerdiode 22 entspricht. Die Eingangsspannung dieses Serienreglers muß dabei natürlich immer größer als die gewünschte geregelte Ausgangsgleichspannung sein.The core of the control circuit is a conventional series controller from a transistor 20, here a field effect transistor, a Zener diode 22 and a resistor 24. A such series controller is known to produce at its output a constant DC output voltage, except for the Voltage drop across transistor 20 of the Zener voltage Zener diode 22 corresponds. The input voltage of this Series controllers must of course always be larger than that desired regulated output DC voltage.

    Da die Schaltung von Figur 1 mit einer Eingangswechselspannung von bis zu 253V beaufschlagt werden soll, muß für eine Begrenzung der in der Schaltung auftretenden Verlustleistung gesorgt werden. Eine Strombegrenzung durch den Transistor 20 tritt ein, sobald die Regelwirkung des Längsreglers einsetzt, dessen Hauptbauelement der Transistor 20 ist. Das Einsetzen der Längsregelung beginnt dann, wenn die Ausgangsspannung des Gleichrichters 18 die Zenerspannung der Zenerdiode 22 überschreitet. Da die Spannung am Ausgang des Gleichrichters 18 aber weiter ansteigt, würde dementsprechend auch die Verlustleistung im Feldeffekttransistor 20 ansteigen. Dies wird durch eine erste Schwellenwertschaltung verhindert, die, wie unten noch genauer erläutert wird, den durch den Feldeffekttransistor 20 fließenden Strom unterbricht, sobald ein vorbestimmter Wert der Ausgangsspannung des Gleichrichters 18 erreicht wird. Aufgrund dieser Unterbrechung des Stroms durch den Transistor 20 kann das unerwünschte Ansteigen der Verlustleistung in diesem Transistor wirksam verhindert werden. Die erste Schwellenwertschaltung besteht aus einem Spannungsteiler mit den Widerständen 26 und 28, einem Feldeffekttransistor 30 und einer Zenerdiode 32. Der Steueranschluß 21 des Feldeffekttransistors 30 ist mit dem Verbindungspunkt 34 der beiden Widerstände 26 und 28 verbunden, sein Drain-Anschluß ist mit dem Steueranschluß 21 des Feldeffekttransistors 20 verbunden, und sein Source-Anschluß ist mit der Katode der Zenerdiode 32 verbunden, deren Anode an Masse liegt.Since the circuit of Figure 1 with an input AC voltage of up to 253V must be used for a Limitation of the power loss occurring in the circuit be taken care of. Current limitation through transistor 20 occurs as soon as the regulating effect of the series regulator starts, the main component of which is transistor 20. The The onset of longitudinal control begins when the output voltage of the rectifier 18, the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 22 exceeds. Since the voltage at the output of the Rectifier 18 but continues to rise, would accordingly also the power loss in the field effect transistor 20 increase. This is done by a first threshold switching prevents the, as will be explained in more detail below, the interrupts current flowing through the field effect transistor 20, as soon as a predetermined value of the output voltage of the rectifier 18 is reached. Because of this interruption of current through transistor 20 may be the undesirable Increase in the power loss in this transistor can be effectively prevented. The first threshold switching consists of a voltage divider with resistors 26 and 28, a field effect transistor 30 and a zener diode 32. The control terminal 21 of the field effect transistor 30 is with the connection point 34 of the two resistors 26 and 28 connected, its drain connection is with the control connection 21st of the field effect transistor 20 connected, and its source terminal is connected to the cathode of the Zener diode 32, whose anode is grounded.

    In der Schaltung von Figur 1 ist ein weiterer Schwellenwertschalter enthalten, der aus der Serienschaltung aus einem Widerstand 36, einer Zenerdiode 38 und einem weiteren Widerstand 40 sowie einem NPN-Transistor 42 besteht. Die Serienschaltung aus dem Widerstand 36, der Zenerdiode 38 und dem Widerstand 40 liegt zwischen der Ausgangsklemme 16 und Masse. Der Kollektor des Transistors 42 ist mit dem Steueranschluß 21 des Feldeffekttransistors 20 verbunden, während sein Emitter an Masse liegt. Der Basisanschluß des Transistors 42 ist mit dem Verbindungspunkt zwischen der Anode der Zenerdiode 38 und dem Widerstand 40 verbunden. Zwischen dem Transistor 20 und der Ausgangsklemme 16 liegt ein weiterer Widerstand 44. Ferner liegt zwischen den Ausgangsklemmen 14 und 16 ein Ladekondensator 46. In the circuit of Figure 1 is another threshold switch included, which from the series connection from a Resistor 36, a Zener diode 38 and another resistor 40 and an NPN transistor 42. The series connection from the resistor 36, the Zener diode 38 and the Resistor 40 is between the output terminal 16 and Dimensions. The collector of transistor 42 is connected to the control terminal 21 of the field effect transistor 20 connected while its emitter is grounded. The base terminal of the transistor 42 is with the connection point between the anode the Zener diode 38 and the resistor 40 connected. Between the transistor 20 and the output terminal 16 is another Resistor 44. It also lies between the output terminals 14 and 16, a charging capacitor 46.

    Es wird nun angenommen, daß an die in Figur 1 dargestellte Spannungsregelschaltung die Netzspannung von 220V angelegt wird. Diese Spannung wird im Brückengleichrichter 18 gleichgerichtet, so daß zwischen der Masseleitung und der mit A bezeichneten Leitung eine gleichgerichtete Spannung mit dem in Figur 2a dargestellten Verlauf entsteht. An dem in Figur 2b angegebenen Zeitpunkt t0 beginnt mit dem Ansteigen der Spannung durch den Transistor 20 ein Strom zu fließen, der mit dem Ansteigen der Spannung ebenfalls ansteigt. Sobald die Spannung einen Wert erreicht, der größer als der Wert der Zenerspannung der Zenerdiode 22 ist, setzt die Regelwirkung des Serienreglers ein, so daß die Spannung am Punkt B auf diesen Spannungswert begrenzt wird. Gleichzeitig tritt durch die Regelwirkung auch eine Begrenzung des durch den Transistor 20 fließenden Stroms ein. Um zu verhindern, daß mit dem weiteren Ansteigen der Ausgangsspannung des Gleichrichters 18 die Verlustleistung am Transistor 20 weiter ansteigt, setzt die Wirkung des oben genannten ersten Schwellenwertschalters bei Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Werts der gleichgerichteten Wechselspannung ein. Sobald die Spannung am Abgriff 34 des Spannungsteilers aus den Widerständen 26 und 28 einen vorgegebenen Spannungswert erreicht, geht der Feldeffekttransistor 30 in den leitenden Zustand über, so daß die Spannung am Steueranschluß 21 des Transistors 20 sinkt, bis dieser Transistor in den gesperrten Zustand übergeht. Oben wurde erwähnt, daß die Schaltung so ausgelegt sein soll, daß sie auch bei Eingangsgleichsspannungen bis zu 55V am Ausgang die gewünschte geregelte Gleichspannung von 11V abgibt. Aus diesem Grund darf der erste Schwellenwertschalter natürlich erst dann den Übergang des Transistors 20 in den gesperrten Zustand einleiten, wenn die Ausgangsspannung des Gleichrichters 18 den Spannungswert 55V überschreitet. Ein früheres Einsetzen des ersten Schwellenwertschalters würde den gewünschten Bereich der Eingangsgleichspannung reduzieren.It is now assumed that the mains voltage of 220V is applied to the voltage regulating circuit shown in FIG. This voltage is rectified in the bridge rectifier 18, so that between the ground line and the line labeled A there is a rectified voltage with the profile shown in FIG. 2a. At the point in time t 0 indicated in FIG. 2b, a current begins to flow through the transistor 20 when the voltage rises, which current also rises as the voltage rises. As soon as the voltage reaches a value which is greater than the value of the Zener voltage of the Zener diode 22, the regulating action of the series regulator starts, so that the voltage at point B is limited to this voltage value. At the same time, the control action also limits the current flowing through transistor 20. In order to prevent the power loss at transistor 20 from increasing further as the output voltage of rectifier 18 rises further, the action of the above-mentioned first threshold switch begins when a predetermined value of the rectified AC voltage is reached. As soon as the voltage at the tap 34 of the voltage divider from the resistors 26 and 28 reaches a predetermined voltage value, the field effect transistor 30 changes to the conductive state, so that the voltage at the control terminal 21 of the transistor 20 drops until this transistor changes to the blocked state. It was mentioned above that the circuit should be designed so that it delivers the desired regulated DC voltage of 11V at the output even with DC input voltages up to 55V. For this reason, the first threshold switch may of course only initiate the transition of the transistor 20 into the blocked state when the output voltage of the rectifier 18 exceeds the voltage value 55V. Early insertion of the first threshold switch would reduce the desired range of DC input voltage.

    In Figur 2b ist zu erkennen, wie der Strom durch den Einsatz der Regelwirkung des Serienreglers ab dem Zeitpunkt t1 begrenzt wird, obgleich die Eingangsspannung immer noch ansteigt. Gleichzeitig ist zu erkennen, daß ab dem Einsatzzeitpunkt t2 des ersten Schwellenwertschalters der Strom durch den Feldeffekttransistor 20 auf den Wert Null absinkt.In FIG. 2b it can be seen how the current is limited by the use of the regulating action of the series regulator from time t 1 , although the input voltage still rises. At the same time, it can be seen that from the point in time t 2 of the first threshold switch, the current through the field effect transistor 20 drops to the value zero.

    Der durch den Transistor 20 fließende Strom lädt über den Widerstand 44 den Kondensator 46 auf. Sobald die Spannung am Kondensator 46 aufgrund einer ungenügenden Regelwirkung des Serienreglers den gewünschten Ausgangsspannungswert überschreitet, der durch die Dimensionierung der Zenerdiode 38 und der Widerstände 36 und 40 festgelegt werden kann, ergibt sich am Schaltungspunkt 48, also am Basisanschluß des Transistors 42 ein Spannungswert, der diesen Transistor 42 in den leitenden Zustand versetzt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß der Steueranschluß 21 des Transistors 20 praktisch an Masse gelegt wird, so daß dieser Transistor 20 in den gesperrten Zustand übergeht. Dieser Zustand hält so lange an, wie am Ladekondensator 46 eine Spannung anliegt, die höher als die gewünschte Ausgangsspannung an den Klemmen 14, 16 ist.The current flowing through transistor 20 charges through the Resistor 44 on capacitor 46. Once the tension on the capacitor 46 due to an insufficient control effect of the series regulator the desired output voltage value exceeds that due to the dimensioning of the Zener diode 38 and the resistors 36 and 40 can be set, results at node 48, i.e. at the base connection of the Transistor 42 is a voltage value that this transistor 42nd placed in the conductive state. This has the consequence that the control terminal 21 of the transistor 20 practically to ground is placed so that this transistor 20 in the blocked Condition passes. This condition lasts as long as Charging capacitor 46 is a voltage that is higher than that desired output voltage at terminals 14, 16.

    Es ist somit zu erkennen, daß die Schaltung von Figur 1 zusätzlich zur Regelwirkung durch den Serienregler 20, 22, 24 auch die Ladespannung am Kondensator 46 auf einen konstanten Wert geregelt wird, indem der zweite Schwellenwertschalter 36, 38, 40, 42 immer dann wirksam wird und den dem Kondensator 46 zugeführten Strom unterbricht, wenn die Ladespannung an diesen Kondensator und damit die gewünschte geregelte Ausgangsgleichspannung über den Sollwert ansteigt.It can thus be seen that the circuit of FIG. 1 in addition to the control effect by the series controller 20, 22, 24 also the charging voltage on the capacitor 46 to one constant value is regulated by the second threshold switch 36, 38, 40, 42 always takes effect and the current supplied to capacitor 46 stops when the Charging voltage to this capacitor and thus the desired one regulated DC output voltage rises above the setpoint.

    Für den Fachmann ist erkennbar, daß die Schwellenwertschalter, die jeweils auf den Steueranschluß 21 des Transistors 20 einwirken, nur zur Einwirkung kommen, wenn die Spannungsregelschaltung mit einer Wechselspannung gespeist wird. Beim Anlegen einer Gleichspannung innerhalb des festgelegten Bereichs der Eingangsgleichspannungen darf nämlich der Strom durch den Transistor 20 nicht vollständig unterbrochen werden, da sonst keine kontinuierliche Ausgangsspannung zwischen den Klemmen 14 und 16 mehr erzeugt werden könnte.One skilled in the art can see that the threshold switches, each on the control terminal 21 of the transistor 20 act, only come into effect when the voltage control circuit is fed with an alternating voltage. At the Apply a DC voltage within the specified one The range of the input DC voltages is namely the current not completely interrupted by transistor 20 otherwise there is no continuous output voltage more could be generated between terminals 14 and 16.

    Wie oben bereits erwähnt wurde, soll die Spannungsregelschaltung Eingangsgleichspannungen von 20V bis 55V und einer Eingangswechselspannung bis zu 253V verarbeiten können. Die Ausgangsspannung zwischen den Klemmen 14 und 16 soll dabei auf einem konstanten Wert von 11V gehalten werden. In diesem Fall hat die Zenerdiode 22 einen Zenerspannungswert von 16V, die Zenerdiode 32 einen Zenerspannungswert von 5,6V und die Zenerdiode 38 einen Zenerspannungswert von 10V.As already mentioned above, the voltage regulating circuit is said to DC input voltages from 20V to 55V and one Can process AC input voltage up to 253V. The Output voltage between terminals 14 and 16 should be be kept at a constant value of 11V. In this Case, the zener diode 22 has a zener voltage value of 16V, the Zener diode 32 has a Zener voltage value of 5.6V and the Zener diode 38 has a Zener voltage value of 10V.

    Claims (3)

    Spannungsregelschaltung zum Erzeugen einer geregelten Ausgangsgleichspannung aus einer ungeregelten Gleich- oder Wechselspannung, mit einer eingangsseitigen Gleichrichterschaltung zum Gleichrichten der ungeregelten Wechselspannung und einem Serienregler, der einen über einen Steueranschluß steuerbaren Transistor enthält, der die ihm zugeführte Ausgangsspannung des Gleichrichters auf einen ersten Spannungswert regelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Transistor des Serienreglers ein Feldeffekttransistor (20) ist, der im leitenden Zustand einen Ladekondensator (46) auflädt, dessen Ladespannung die geregelte Ausgangsspannung bildet, daß mit dem Steueranschluß (21) des Feldeffekttransistors (20) eine an der ungeregelten Gleichspannung liegende erste Schwellenwertschaltung (26, 28, 30, 32) verbunden ist, die an diesen Steueranschluß (21) eine den Feldeffekttransistor (20) sperrende Spannung anlegt, sobald die ungeregelte Gleichspannung über einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert steigt, und daß mit dem Steueranschluß (21) des Feldeffekttransistors (20) eine an der geregelten Ausgangsgleichspannung liegende zweite Schwellenwertschaltung (36, 38, 40, 42) verbunden ist, die an diesen Steueranschluß (21) eine den Feldeffekttransistor (20) sperrende Spannung anlegt, sobald die geregelte Ausgangsgleichspannung über einen vorgegebenen Sollwert ansteigt.Voltage regulating circuit for generating a regulated one DC output voltage from an unregulated DC or AC voltage, with an input-side rectifier circuit for rectifying the unregulated AC voltage and a series controller that one via a control connection controllable transistor contains the output voltage supplied to it of the rectifier to a first voltage value regulates, characterized in that the transistor of the Series controller is a field effect transistor (20) which in conductive state charges a charging capacitor (46), the Charging voltage forms the regulated output voltage that with the control terminal (21) of the field effect transistor (20) one first threshold circuit connected to the unregulated DC voltage (26, 28, 30, 32) connected to this Control connection (21) blocking the field effect transistor (20) Voltage is applied as soon as the unregulated DC voltage rises above a predetermined threshold, and that with the control terminal (21) of the field effect transistor (20) one second on the regulated DC output voltage Threshold circuit (36, 38, 40, 42) is connected to the to this control connection (21) the field effect transistor (20) blocking voltage is applied as soon as the regulated output DC voltage rises above a predetermined setpoint. Spannungsregelschaltung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die erste Schwellenwertschaltung einen zwischen der positiven Ausgangsklemme des Gleichrichters (18) und der die Masse bildenden negativen Ausgangsklemme des Gleichrichters (18) liegenden Spannungsteiler aus zwei in Serie geschalteten Widerständen (26, 28) enthält, dessen Abgriff (34) mit dem Steueranschluß eines Feldeffekttransistors (30) verbunden ist, wobei der Drain-Anschluß dieses Feldeffekttransistors (30) mit dem Steueranschluß des Feldeffekttransistors (20) des Serienreglers verbunden ist, während sein Source-Anschluß mit der Katode einer Zenerdiode (32) verbunden ist, deren Anode an Masse liegt.Voltage control circuit according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the first threshold circuit between the positive output terminal of the rectifier (18) and the negative output terminal forming the ground of the rectifier (18) lying voltage divider from two contains resistors (26, 28) connected in series, the Tap (34) with the control connection of a field effect transistor (30) is connected, the drain connection of this Field effect transistor (30) with the control terminal of the Field effect transistor (20) of the series regulator is connected, while its source is connected to the cathode of a zener diode (32) is connected, the anode of which is grounded. Spannungsregelschaltung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Schwellenwertschaltung einen an der geregelten Ausgangsgleichspannung liegenden Spannungsteiler mit einer Serienschaltung aus einem Widerstand (36), eine Zenerdiode (38) und einen weiteren Widerstand (40) sowie einen bipolaren npn-Transistor (42) enthält, dessen Basisanschluß am Verbindungspunkt (48) zwischen der Anode der Zenerdiode (38) und dem weiteren Widerstand (40) angeschlossen ist und dessen Kollektor-Emitter-Strecke zwischen dem Steueranschluß des Feldeffekttransistors (20) des Serienreglers und Masse liegt.Voltage control circuit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized characterized in that the second threshold circuit one voltage divider connected to the regulated DC output voltage with a series connection from a resistor (36), a Zener diode (38) and another resistor (40) and a bipolar npn transistor (42), whose base connection at the connection point (48) between the Anode of the zener diode (38) and the further resistor (40) is connected and its collector-emitter path between the control connection of the field effect transistor (20) the serial controller and mass.
    EP98105108A 1998-03-20 1998-03-20 Voltage regulator circuit Expired - Lifetime EP0943974B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (5)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98105108A EP0943974B1 (en) 1998-03-20 1998-03-20 Voltage regulator circuit
    DE59813694T DE59813694D1 (en) 1998-03-20 1998-03-20 Voltage control circuit
    CA002264437A CA2264437C (en) 1998-03-20 1999-03-03 Voltage regulator circuit
    US09/262,434 US6094040A (en) 1998-03-20 1999-03-04 Voltage regulator circuit
    HU9900687A HU225080B1 (en) 1998-03-20 1999-03-18 Voltage regulator arrangement

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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    EP98105108A EP0943974B1 (en) 1998-03-20 1998-03-20 Voltage regulator circuit

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    EP0943974A1 true EP0943974A1 (en) 1999-09-22
    EP0943974B1 EP0943974B1 (en) 2006-08-23

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    EP (1) EP0943974B1 (en)
    CA (1) CA2264437C (en)
    DE (1) DE59813694D1 (en)
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    US6690145B2 (en) * 2002-04-01 2004-02-10 E-Tec Corporation Permanent magnet alternator and voltage regulator circuit for the permanent magnet alternator
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    DE59813694D1 (en) 2006-10-05
    US6094040A (en) 2000-07-25
    HU225080B1 (en) 2006-06-28
    HUP9900687A2 (en) 1999-11-29
    CA2264437C (en) 2001-12-04
    HU9900687D0 (en) 1999-05-28
    CA2264437A1 (en) 1999-09-20
    EP0943974B1 (en) 2006-08-23

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