EP0940649B1 - Measuring device with optical scale reading method - Google Patents

Measuring device with optical scale reading method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0940649B1
EP0940649B1 EP99810176A EP99810176A EP0940649B1 EP 0940649 B1 EP0940649 B1 EP 0940649B1 EP 99810176 A EP99810176 A EP 99810176A EP 99810176 A EP99810176 A EP 99810176A EP 0940649 B1 EP0940649 B1 EP 0940649B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
scale
slide
edge
shows
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP99810176A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0940649A2 (en
EP0940649A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Walser
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Kunststoffwerk AG Buchs
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Kunststoffwerk AG Buchs
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/02Rulers with scales or marks for direct reading
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/002Details
    • G01B3/004Scales; Graduations
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B3/00Measuring instruments characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B3/20Slide gauges

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a measuring device with at least one device for the optical determination of measured values, wherein this measuring device comprises a support for at least one scale which is made of a transparent material and which has a lower main surface and an upper main surface.
  • a measuring device of this type is disclosed in JP 07 198301, Patent Abstract of Japan, vol. 1995, no. 11 published.
  • This measuring device comprises a sheet-like base made of a transparent or semitransparent material, a graduated display device and a discriminator.
  • This discriminator is assigned to the base.
  • the graduated display comprises a layer of resin, the underside of which is associated with a reflective layer. The underside of this reflective layer is covered with a protective layer.
  • This measuring device is used to measure the unevenness of the surface of objects.
  • an adjustable measuring device for the identification of car rims.
  • This device has a ruler with scales and a slider with reading marks, which is slidably mounted on the ruler.
  • a first bolt-shaped sensing finger is attached to one of the end portions of the ruler.
  • a second bolt-shaped scanning finger is attached to the slider.
  • the ruler can be made of a transparent material.
  • the diameter of the center opening in a rim can be measured so that the end face of one end of the ruler is struck against the inside edge of the center hole while the opposite side edge of the pusher is struck at the opposite location of the center hole.
  • the distance of the bolt holes in the rim is measured by placing the frusto-conical tips of the sensing fingers in two adjacent bolt holes become. Such a meter is also unsuitable for accurately measuring lengths.
  • US 4,257,164 discloses an apparatus for measuring angles between a line of sight and the normal to a planar surface. This device is also unsuitable for accurate length measurement.
  • a caliper In GB 1,415,626 a caliper is disclosed.
  • the bar of this caliper carries a transparent member which is provided with a number of oblique lines.
  • the slider comprises a transparent plate which is also provided with a number of oblique lines.
  • the angles at which the lines on the transparent member and on the transparent plate run are only slightly different.
  • the lines of the aforementioned components of the caliper overlap at certain locations of the same so as to create elongated shadows on those lines. From the position of these shadows one can conclude on the size of the measured distance. Since the shadows are relatively wide and have blurred contours, this device is also unsuitable for accurate length measurement.
  • a caliper which comprises a beam of an opaque material which is provided with a scale.
  • the slider which is movable along this beam, is made of a transparent material and carries marks for reading the values measured on the beam.
  • the scale on the bar indicates areas of irradiation of parts of the body which should enable the optimal radiograph.
  • None of these prior art measuring devices is suitable for accurately determining measured values even under low light conditions.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the mentioned as well as still further disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the measuring device shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 to 6 is designed as a ruler.
  • Fig. 1 shows the ruler in a plan view
  • Fig. 2 shows this ruler in a side view, wherein the direction of this view coincides with the longitudinal direction of the ruler.
  • This ruler has at least one device 1 for optically displaying measured values.
  • This measuring device 1 comprises a main body 2, which consists of a transparent and light-harvesting material.
  • This base body 2 may be in the form of a bar, a beam or a strip.
  • the measuring device 1 further comprises a display device 11, which has at least one scale 3. In the illustrated case, the display device 11 comprises two scales 3 and 4 and it is attached to the base body 2.
  • the scales 3 and 4 forming elements are formed as light-reflecting surfaces and these surfaces have the shape of lines 13 and / or digits in the illustrated case.
  • the scales 3 and 4 are arranged or formed on the side facing away from the observer or lower main surface 5 of the piece of material 2.
  • the observer facing or upper main surface 6 of the piece of material 2 is flat and this main surface 6 may even be smooth.
  • the scale carrier 2 has the shape of a rectilinear strip.
  • the first scale 3 is associated with one of the longitudinal edges 7 of the scale carrier 2 and extends in a manner known per se along this longitudinal edge 7.
  • the second scale 4 is assigned to the opposite longitudinal edge 8 of the scale carrier 2 and also extends in the longitudinal direction of the scale Scale carrier 2. This second scale 4 can be opposite to the first scale 3, it can be an inch scale, etc.
  • a chamfer or a phase 9 is embodied in that region of the longitudinal edge 7 or 8, which adjoins the upper or lower scale ., outer main surface 6 of the scale carrier 2 connects.
  • the scales 3 and 4 having lower main surface 5 of the Scale carrier 2 is provided in the case illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 with a protective layer 10, so that the scales 3 and 4 are located between this protective layer 10 and the carrier 2.
  • This layer 10 protects the scales 3 and 4 and the lower main surface 5 of the scale carrier 2 above all from damage due to mechanical effects.
  • This protective layer 10 may be designed as a film made of a plastic, which covers and seals the underside 5 of the carrier 2 together with the scales 3 and 4.
  • Fig. 3 shows in principle how the light collection works in the present case. A description of this effect is given at the end of this description.
  • a further embodiment of the ruler is shown in a side view, which has two strip-shaped carrier 2 and 12 of light-collecting material.
  • the second carrier 12 is formed virtually the same as the first carrier 2.
  • These carriers 2 and 12 are associated with their lower major surfaces 5.
  • the upper and outer major surfaces 6 of the carrier or base body 2 and 12 are provided with the phases 9 already described.
  • Between the carriers 2 and 12 is at least one display device 11, which has the scales 3 and 4. So that the measured values can be read off from the two sides of the ruler, ie, through the two base bodies 2 and 12, each base body 2 or 12 is assigned its own display device 11 with the scales 3 and 4.
  • Between these display devices 11 and thus also between the base bodies 2 and 12 may be an opaque material layer 34, which covers the scales 3 and 4 of those display device 11, which faces away from the observer.
  • a stop 15 protrudes from the display device 11 supporting or lower main surface 5 of the carrier 2.
  • This stop 15 is located in one of the end portions of the scale carrier 2 and this stop 15 may for example have the shape of a cuboid, cube, etc.
  • the side walls of this cuboid are parallel or perpendicular to the surfaces of the support 2.
  • One of the side surfaces of this cuboid lies in a vertical plane, in which the present end face or end face 16 of the body is located.
  • the zero mark 17 of the scale 3 beginning in this end region or extending to the right is at a distance from the end face 16 of the ruler.
  • the side surface 18 of the projection 15 which faces away from the end face or end face 16 and extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the base body 2 is arranged such that it lies in a second vertical plane, in which the zero mark 17 of said first scale 3 lies.
  • the second on the carrier 2 existing scale 4 is shown in the Although case also metric, but it is in reverse. Consequently, the beginning or zero stroke of this second scale 4 is in the region of the stop 15 opposite end of the support 2, where the opposite end or end face 19 of the support 2 is located. In the illustrated case, the zero line of this second scale 4 lies in a vertical plane, in which the second end face 19 of the carrier 2 is located.
  • This second scale 4 can be used in the case when one wants to measure in hollow spaces or angles or when the stop 15 projecting from the underside of the carrier 2 disturbs the user of the ruler. In principle, however, the zero stroke of the second scale 4 can also be located at a distance from the second end face 19 of the carrier 2. Namely, this distance has a constant value, so that one can add this value to the display of the scale 4 each.
  • FIG. 7 and 8 a measuring device is shown in plan view, which is designed as a caliper.
  • FIG. 8 shows an enlarged section of FIG. 7.
  • the caliper comprises a measuring beam 20 and a slide 40 movable along this beam 20.
  • a first measuring beak 21 of the caliper is fixedly connected to the measuring beam 20.
  • the second measuring beak 22 is fixedly connected to the main body 41 of the slider 40.
  • the measuring beaks 21 and 22 are designed in a manner known per se and they can project from the measuring beam 20 and from the slider 40 to the left or to the right.
  • the main body 41 of the slider 40 has a U-shaped Cross-section on (Fig. 9 and 16), wherein the measuring beam 20 between the inner surfaces of the U-legs 42 and 43 of the slider 40 is mounted longitudinally displaceable in a known manner without play.
  • the caliper also has a measuring device 30, which is formed substantially the same as the measuring device 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the measuring device 30 has a strip-shaped base body 2 with a quadrangular cross-section and this device 30 is in the trough 23 of the beam 20th attached without play.
  • the display device 11 of this device 30 also has two scales 3 and 4.
  • One of these scales 3 is located near one of the longitudinal edges 25 of the trough 23 in the main body 28 of the measuring beam 20.
  • the other scale 4 is located in the vicinity of the opposite side wall 26th the trough 23.
  • the outer ends of the lines 13 of the scales 3 and 4 are in the vicinity of one of the side walls 25 and 26 of the trough 23rd
  • the measuring device 30 may be held without play in the trough 23 with the aid of an adhesive 31, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Or the side walls 25 and 26 of the trough 23 are executed undercut, so that the measuring device 30th is held without play with the square-shaped cross section between such side walls 25 and 26 of the trough 23 (FIGS. 12 and 13). However, there may also be openings in the base body 2 of the measuring device 30 and in the bottom 24 of the beam trough 23. The associated openings in the base body 2 and in the beam 20 overlap one another and a fitting pin 32 (FIG. 14) passes through the associated openings. The bolt of the Passtiftes 32 is anchored in the beam 20.
  • a pin 33 can protrude from the bottom 24 of the trough 23 (FIG. 15) and pass through an opening in the base body 2.
  • the length of this pin 33 is greater than the height or thickness of the strip-shaped main body 2.
  • the portion of the pin 33 located above the main body 2 is widened in a manner known per se for fastening the measuring device 30 in the beam 20.
  • the caliper further includes at least one device for reading measured values attached to the slider 40.
  • the caliper has two reading devices 35 and 36. Each of these reading devices 35 and 36 is assigned to the end face of one of the U-legs 42 and 43 (FIGS. 9 and 16). The reading devices 35 and 36 are mounted without play on the slide legs 42 and 43 (FIGS. 8 and 17).
  • the respective reading device 35 or 36 has a plate-shaped main body 37, which is made of a transparent and light-collecting material. These plates 37 serve as Carrier for a respective mark 38 or 39 (FIG. 8) of the respective reading device 35 or 36.
  • the marking 38 or 39 comprises at least one element or a mark.
  • the element or elements of the markings 38 and 39 are designed as light-reflecting surfaces or districts on the side of the marking carrier 37 facing the beam 20.
  • the mark 38 or 39 may be implemented as a single mark or as a scale with lines 14 and / or with symbols. The symbols can be numbers or letters. The same applies to the scales 3 and 4 of the measuring device 30. In the case illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the markings 38 and 39 are designed as vernier scales.
  • the plate-shaped carrier 37 for a marker 38 or 39 has a substantially trapezoidal outline with two long sides or edges 44 and 46 and with two short sides or edges 45 and 47 (FIG. 17).
  • the first long edge 44 of the support plate 37 is rectilinear and it is parallel to the side surface 25 and 26 of the trough 23 in the beam 20. This first plate edge 44 is located as close as possible to the associated scale 3 and 4 of the ruler 30. Die Rothplatte 37 however, may also be arranged on the U-leg 42 or 43 such that it even partially overlaps the associated scale 3 or 4.
  • the lines 14 of the marking 38 or 39 expediently terminate at the first or rectilinear longitudinal edge 44 of the support plate 37, so that they are located in the immediate vicinity of the lines 13 of the marking 38 or 39 adjacent scales 3 and 4 on the measuring beam 20 or that they are the strokes 13 overlap the scales 3 and 4.
  • Such an arrangement of the scales 3 and 4 and the markings 38 and 39 allows to read the set value with the help of one of the reading devices 38 and 39 from the ruler 30 quickly and accurately.
  • the course of the second longitudinal edge 46 of the carrier plate 37 is adapted to the course of the outer side surface 48 of the slider 40, so that this longitudinal edge 46 extends parallel to the outer side 48 of the slider 40.
  • the projection 55 or 56 has two plane and practically perpendicular to each other side surfaces 57 and 58th on.
  • the first of these side surfaces 57 extends virtually parallel to the straight edge 44 of the trapezoid 37.
  • the other side surface 58 is practically perpendicular thereto.
  • the distance between the vertical side surfaces 58 of the projections 55 and 56 is the same size as the distance between the vertical edges 54 of the cuts 51 and 52 in the support plate 37.
  • the position of the carriers 37 of the markers 38 and 39 is not critical, so that the carrier 37 can be held in place in this direction only by the friction between the mating fitting surfaces 54 and 58.
  • the projections 55 and 56 form corner regions of a border 50, which is located in the outer edge region of the end face 49 of the respective U-leg 42 and 43 and whose sections are adjacent to the three outer side walls 48, 71 and 72 of the respective U -Schikkel 42 and 43 connect. Otherwise, it is possible to provide a further projection 59 on the end face 49 of the U-legs 42 and 43.
  • This projection 59 is located approximately in the central region of the beam 20 remote from the longitudinal edge 46 of the support plate 37 and this longitudinal edge 46 abuts on this projection 59, which defines the position of the support plate 37 perpendicular to the length of the measuring beam 20 and fixed.
  • the slider 40 is further provided with a cover plate 60 which extends virtually over the entire top surface of the slider 40.
  • This cover plate 60 has a plate-shaped base body, which is made of a transparent material and which is associated with the end faces of the U-legs 42 and 43 and this covers at least substantially.
  • a Aufpresszapfen 62 is disposed in one of the corner portions of the cover plate 60 and these pins 62 are from this plate 60 from virtually at right angles.
  • a practically cylindrical recess 63 is formed, in which the pin 62 can be stuck.
  • the located between the slider legs 42 and 43 and the beam 20 facing portion of the cover plate 60 has a concave surface 65.
  • this concave surface 65 has the shape of the portion of the shell of a cylinder whose axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the measuring beam 20.
  • the concave surface 65 extends not only across the width of the measuring beam 20 but also across the width of the two reading devices 35 and 36 lying on either side of the beam 20. As a result, the concave surface 65 acts as a lens representing the symbols of the scales 3 and 4 and the markers 38 and 39 enlarged.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically how the display device 11 works. This function is based on a so-called LISA arrangement, which has been published by Bayer AG. To illustrate this operation, Fig. 3 shows a detail from the display device 11.
  • the strip-shaped carrier 2 of this device 11 is made of a highly transparent polymer of a known type.
  • the strip 2 of such a material has very smooth surfaces.
  • particles 70 of an advantageous fluorescent dye are distributed in the polymer.
  • the light beam I1 penetrates from the surrounding air into the interior of the carrier 2 through the upper main surface 66 of this carrier 2 and it reaches the lower major surface 67 of this strip 2, because none of the dye particles 70 stood in the way.
  • This steel I1 is totally reflected by the lower major surface 67, and because its critical angle alpha with respect to the upper major surface 66 is small, this ray I1 exits through the upper major surface 66 back into the ambient air.
  • the light beam I2 in contrast, falls on one of the particles 70 of the dye and it is reflected by this particle 70 back to the surface 66. However, the critical angle alpha is greater in this beam and therefore this light beam I2 is totally reflected by the surface 66 into the interior of the carrier 2. Because of this reflection, this beam I2 reaches the lower major surface 67, where it is totally reflected again until it reaches a point where the angle of incidence is smaller than the critical angle. Here, this light beam I2 emerges from the carrier 2. Such a location may be, for example, one of the end faces 16 and 19 of the carrier 2.
  • said location may also be the area of one of the marks 13 of the scales 3 and 4, respectively.
  • the material of the marker 13 has a different optical density than air. Consequently, the critical angle between the polymer and the material of the mark 13 has a value other than the critical angle between the polymer and air. In this way, a difference in brightness arises between those locations on the carrier 2 which are covered with marks 13 and those places where there are no marks 13.
  • the marks 13 in the display device 11 can be read.
  • the mentioned points can also arise because the marks 13 are engraved in the lower main surface 67, for example.
  • the marking devices 38 and 39 on the slider 40 work in the same way.

Abstract

The measuring device allows measured values to be read off visually. The measuring device has a carrier for at least one scale (3,4). The carrier is made of a light-collecting material. The elements (13) forming the scale are formed as light-reflecting surfaces.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Messgerät mit zumindest einer Einrichtung zur optischen Ermittlung von Messwerten, wobei diese Messeinrichtung einen Träger für zumindest eine Skala umfasst, welcher aus einem durchsichtigen Material ist und welcher eine untere Hauptfläche und eine obere Hauptfläche aufweist.The present invention relates to a measuring device with at least one device for the optical determination of measured values, wherein this measuring device comprises a support for at least one scale which is made of a transparent material and which has a lower main surface and an upper main surface.

Ein Messgerät dieser Gattung ist in JP 07 198301, Patent Abstract of Japan, vol. 1995, no. 11 publiziert. Dieses Messgerät umfasst eine flächenhafte Basis aus einem durchsichtigen oder halbdurchsichtigen Material, eine Anzeigevorrichtung mit einer Gradeinteilung sowie einen Diskriminator. Dieser Diskriminator ist der Basis zugeordnet. Die Anzeigevorrichtung mit der Gradeinteilung umfasst eine Schicht aus einem Harz, deren Unterseite eine reflektierende Schicht zugeordnet ist. Die Unterseite dieser reflektierenden Schicht ist mit einer Schutzschicht abgedeckt. Dieses Messgerät dient zur Messung der Unebenheiten der Oberfläche von Gegenständen.A measuring device of this type is disclosed in JP 07 198301, Patent Abstract of Japan, vol. 1995, no. 11 published. This measuring device comprises a sheet-like base made of a transparent or semitransparent material, a graduated display device and a discriminator. This discriminator is assigned to the base. The graduated display comprises a layer of resin, the underside of which is associated with a reflective layer. The underside of this reflective layer is covered with a protective layer. This measuring device is used to measure the unevenness of the surface of objects.

In US 5,101,569 ist ein einstellbares Messgerät zur Identifizierung von Autofelgen offenbart. Dieses Gerät weist ein Lineal mit Skalen sowie einen Schieber mit Ablesemarken auf, welcher am Lineal gleitbar angebracht ist. Ein erster bolzenförmiger Abtastfinger ist an einer der Endpartien des Lineals befestigt. Ein zweiter bolzenförmiger Abtastfinger ist am Schieber angebracht. Das Lineal kann aus einem durchsichtigen Material sein. Der Durchmesser der mittleren Öffnung in einer Felge kann so gemessen werden, dass die Stirnfläche des einen Endes des Lineals an der Innenkante des Mittelloches angeschlagen wird, während die gegenüberliegende Seitenkante des Schiebers an der gegenüber liegenden Stelle des Mittelloches angeschlagen wird. Der Abstand der Bolzenlöcher in der Felge wir in der Weise gemessen, dass die kegelstumpfförmigen Spitzen der Abtastfinger in zwei benachbarte Bolzenlöcher gesteckt werden. Ein solches Messgerät ist zu einer genauen Messung von Längen ebenfalls ungeeignet.In US 5,101,569 an adjustable measuring device for the identification of car rims is disclosed. This device has a ruler with scales and a slider with reading marks, which is slidably mounted on the ruler. A first bolt-shaped sensing finger is attached to one of the end portions of the ruler. A second bolt-shaped scanning finger is attached to the slider. The ruler can be made of a transparent material. The diameter of the center opening in a rim can be measured so that the end face of one end of the ruler is struck against the inside edge of the center hole while the opposite side edge of the pusher is struck at the opposite location of the center hole. The distance of the bolt holes in the rim is measured by placing the frusto-conical tips of the sensing fingers in two adjacent bolt holes become. Such a meter is also unsuitable for accurately measuring lengths.

In US 4,257,164 ist ein Gerät zur Messung von Winkeln zwischen einer Visierlinie und der Normale zu einer planen Oberfläche offenbart. Dieses Gerät ist zu einer genauen Messung von Längen ebenfalls ungeeignet.US 4,257,164 discloses an apparatus for measuring angles between a line of sight and the normal to a planar surface. This device is also unsuitable for accurate length measurement.

In GB 1,415,626 ist eine Schieblehre offenbart. Der Balken dieser Schieblehre trägt ein durchsichtiges Glied, welches mit einer Anzahl von schräg verlaufenden Linien versehen ist. Der Schieber umfasst eine durchsichtige Platte, welche ebenfalls mit einer Anzahl von schräg verlaufenden Linien versehen ist. Die Winkel, unter welchen die Linien am durchsichtigen Glied und an den durchsichtigen Platte verlaufen, sind nur ein wenig unterschiedlich. Wenn man den Schieber entlang dem Glied bewegt, dann überdecken sich die Linien der genannten Bestandteile der Schieblehre an bestimmten Orten derselben derart, dass längliche Schatten an diesen Linien entstehen. Aus der Lage dieser Schatten kann man auf die Grösse des gemessenen Abstandes schliessen. Da die Schatten verhältnismässig breit sind und unscharfe Konturen aufweisen, ist dieses Gerät zu einer genauen Messung von Längen ebenfalls ungeeignet.In GB 1,415,626 a caliper is disclosed. The bar of this caliper carries a transparent member which is provided with a number of oblique lines. The slider comprises a transparent plate which is also provided with a number of oblique lines. The angles at which the lines on the transparent member and on the transparent plate run are only slightly different. When the slider is moved along the member, the lines of the aforementioned components of the caliper overlap at certain locations of the same so as to create elongated shadows on those lines. From the position of these shadows one can conclude on the size of the measured distance. Since the shadows are relatively wide and have blurred contours, this device is also unsuitable for accurate length measurement.

In DE 3035435 ist eine Schieblehre offenbart, welche einen Balken aus einem undurchsichtigen Material aufweist, welcher mit einer Skala versehen ist. Der Schieber, welcher entlang diesem Balken bewegbar ist, ist aus einem durchsichtigen Material und er trägt Marken zum Ablesen der auf dem Balken abgemessenen Werte. Die Skala am Balken gibt Bereiche von Bestrahlung von Körperteilen an, welche die optimale Röntgenaufnahme ermöglichen sollen.In DE 3035435 a caliper is disclosed which comprises a beam of an opaque material which is provided with a scale. The slider, which is movable along this beam, is made of a transparent material and carries marks for reading the values measured on the beam. The scale on the bar indicates areas of irradiation of parts of the body which should enable the optimal radiograph.

Keines von diesen vorbekannten Messgeräten ist dazu geeignet, Messwerte auch unter schwachen Lichtverhältnissen genau zu ermitteln.None of these prior art measuring devices is suitable for accurately determining measured values even under low light conditions.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die genannten sowie noch weitere Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu beseitigen.The object of the present invention is to eliminate the mentioned as well as still further disadvantages of the prior art.

Diese Aufgabe wird beim Gerät der eingangs genannten Gattung erfindungsgemäss so gelöst, wie dies im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 definiert ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in the device of the type mentioned above, as defined in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Nachstehend werden Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 in einer Draufsicht das vorliegende Gerät, welches als ein Lineal ausgeführt ist,
  • Fig. 2 in einer Seitenansicht das Lineal aus Fig. 1, wobei die Richtung dieser
  • Ansicht mit der Längsrichtung des Lineals zusammenfällt,
  • Fig. 3 das Prinzip der beim vorliegenden Gerät ausgenützten Lichtsammlung,
  • Fig. 4 in einer Seitenansicht eine doppelseitige Ausführung des Lineals gemäss Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 5 in einer Draufsicht eine weitere Ausführung des Lineals, welche einen Anschlag und zwei gegenseitig laufende Skalen aufweist,
  • Fig. 6 in einer Seitenansicht das Lineal gemäss Fig. 5,
  • Fig. 7 in einer Draufsicht das vorliegende Gerät, welches als eine Schieblehre ausgeführt ist,
  • Fig. 8 vergrössert einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 7,
  • Fig. 9 einen vertikalen Schnitt, welcher durch den mittleren Bereich des Schiebers der Schieblehre gemäss Fig. 7 bzw. 8 geführt ist,
  • Fig. 10 einen vertikalen Schnitt, welcher durch eine erste Ausführung des Balkens der Schieblehre gemäss Fig. 7 geführt ist,
  • Fig. 11 vergrössert einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 10,
  • Fig. 12 einen vertikalen Schnitt, welcher durch eine zweite Ausführung des Balkens der Schieblehre gemäss Fig. 7 geführt ist,
  • Fig. 13 vergrössert einen Ausschnitt aus Fig. 12,
  • Fig. 14 einen vertikalen Schnitt, welcher durch eine dritte Ausführung des Balkens der Schieblehre gemäss Fig. 7 geführt ist,
  • Fig. 15 einen vertikalen Schnitt, welcher durch eine vierte Ausführung des Balkens der Schieblehre gemäss Fig. 7 geführt ist,
  • Fig. 16 einen vertikalen Schnitt, welcher durch einen der Endbereiche des Schiebers der Schieblehre gemäss Fig. 7 geführt ist, und
  • Fig. 17 in einer Draufsicht und vergrössert Ausschnitte aus Fig. 7 bzw. 8.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
  • 1 is a plan view of the present device, which is designed as a ruler,
  • Fig. 2 in a side view of the ruler of Fig. 1, wherein the direction of this
  • View coincides with the longitudinal direction of the ruler,
  • 3 shows the principle of the exploited light collection in the present device,
  • 4 is a side view of a double-sided embodiment of the ruler according to FIG. 2, FIG.
  • 5 is a plan view of another embodiment of the ruler, which has a stop and two mutually running scales,
  • 6 is a side view of the ruler according to FIG. 5,
  • 7 is a plan view of the present device, which is designed as a caliper,
  • 8 enlarges a section of FIG. 7,
  • Fig. 9 is a vertical section which through the middle Area of the slider of the caliper according to FIG. 7 or 8 is guided,
  • 10 shows a vertical section, which is guided by a first embodiment of the bar of the caliper according to FIG. 7, FIG.
  • 11 enlarges a section of FIG. 10,
  • 12 is a vertical section, which is guided by a second embodiment of the bar of the caliper according to FIG. 7,
  • 13 enlarges a section of FIG. 12,
  • 14 is a vertical section, which is guided by a third embodiment of the bar of the caliper according to FIG. 7,
  • 15 is a vertical section which is guided by a fourth embodiment of the bar of the caliper according to FIG. 7, FIG.
  • Fig. 16 is a vertical section which is guided through one of the end portions of the slide of the calliper according to FIG. 7, and
  • Fig. 17 in a plan view and enlarged sections of Fig. 7 and 8, respectively.

Das in Fig. 1, 2 und 4 bis 6 gezeigte Messgerät ist als ein Lineal ausgeführt. Fig. 1 zeigt das Lineal in einer Draufsicht und Fig. 2 zeigt dieses Lineal in einer Seitenansicht, wobei die Richtung dieser Ansicht mit der Längsrichtung des Lineals zusammenfällt. Dieses Lineal weist zumindest eine Einrichtung 1 zur optischen Anzeige von Messwerten auf. Diese Messeinrichtung 1 umfasst einen Grundkörper 2, welcher aus einem durchsichtigen und lichtsammelnden Material ist. Dieser Grundkörper 2 kann die Form eines Stabes, eines Balkens oder eines Streifens haben. Die Messeinrichtung 1 umfasst ferner eine Anzeigevorrichtung 11, welche zumindest eine Skale 3 aufweist. Im dargestellten Fall umfasst die Anzeigevorrichtung 11 zwei Skalen 3 und 4 und sie ist am Grundkörper 2 angebracht. Die die Skalen 3 und 4 bildenden Elemente sind als lichtreflektierende Flächen ausgebildet und diese Flächen haben im dargestellten Fall die Form von Strichen 13 oder/und Ziffern. Die Skalen 3 und 4 sind auf der vom Beobachter abgewandten bzw. unteren Hauptfläche 5 des Materialstückes 2 angeordnet bzw. ausgebildet. Die dem Beobachter zugewandte bzw. obere Hauptfläche 6 des Materialstücks 2 ist plan und diese Hauptfläche 6 darf sogar glatt sein.The measuring device shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4 to 6 is designed as a ruler. Fig. 1 shows the ruler in a plan view and Fig. 2 shows this ruler in a side view, wherein the direction of this view coincides with the longitudinal direction of the ruler. This ruler has at least one device 1 for optically displaying measured values. This measuring device 1 comprises a main body 2, which consists of a transparent and light-harvesting material. This base body 2 may be in the form of a bar, a beam or a strip. The measuring device 1 further comprises a display device 11, which has at least one scale 3. In the illustrated case, the display device 11 comprises two scales 3 and 4 and it is attached to the base body 2. The scales 3 and 4 forming elements are formed as light-reflecting surfaces and these surfaces have the shape of lines 13 and / or digits in the illustrated case. The scales 3 and 4 are arranged or formed on the side facing away from the observer or lower main surface 5 of the piece of material 2. The observer facing or upper main surface 6 of the piece of material 2 is flat and this main surface 6 may even be smooth.

In den hier abgebildeten Fällen hat der Skalenträger 2 die Form eines geradlinig verlaufenden Streifens. Die erste Skale 3 ist einer der Längskanten 7 des Skalenträgers 2 zugeordnet und sie erstreckt sich in einer an sich bekannten Weise entlang dieser Längskante 7. Die zweite Skale 4 ist der gegenüberliegenden Längskanten 8 des Skalenträgers 2 zugeordnet und sie erstreckt sich ebenfalls in der Längsrichtung des Skalenträgers 2. Diese zweite Skale 4 kann zur ersten Skale 3 gegenläufig sein, sie kann eine Zoll-Skale sein usw.. Eine Anschrägung bzw. eine Phase 9 ist in jenem Bereich der Längskante 7 bzw. 8 ausgeführt, welcher sich an die obere bzw. äussere Hauptfläche 6 des Skalenträgers 2 anschliesst.In the cases shown here, the scale carrier 2 has the shape of a rectilinear strip. The first scale 3 is associated with one of the longitudinal edges 7 of the scale carrier 2 and extends in a manner known per se along this longitudinal edge 7. The second scale 4 is assigned to the opposite longitudinal edge 8 of the scale carrier 2 and also extends in the longitudinal direction of the scale Scale carrier 2. This second scale 4 can be opposite to the first scale 3, it can be an inch scale, etc. A chamfer or a phase 9 is embodied in that region of the longitudinal edge 7 or 8, which adjoins the upper or lower scale ., outer main surface 6 of the scale carrier 2 connects.

Die die Skalen 3 und 4 aufweisende untere Hauptfläche 5 des Skalenträgers 2 ist im in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Fall mit einer Schutzschicht 10 versehen, sodass die Skalen 3 und 4 sich zwischen dieser Schutzschicht 10 und dem Träger 2 befinden. Diese Schicht 10 schützt die Skalen 3 und 4 sowie die untere Hauptfläche 5 des Skalenträgers 2 vor allem vor Beschädigung durch mechanische Einwirkungen. Diese Schutzschicht 10 kann als ein Film aus einem Kunststoff ausgeführt sein, welche die Unterseite 5 des Trägers 2 samt den Skalen 3 und 4 überdeckt und versiegelt.The scales 3 and 4 having lower main surface 5 of the Scale carrier 2 is provided in the case illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 with a protective layer 10, so that the scales 3 and 4 are located between this protective layer 10 and the carrier 2. This layer 10 protects the scales 3 and 4 and the lower main surface 5 of the scale carrier 2 above all from damage due to mechanical effects. This protective layer 10 may be designed as a film made of a plastic, which covers and seals the underside 5 of the carrier 2 together with the scales 3 and 4.

Fig. 3 zeigt prinzipiell, wie die Lichtsammlung im vorliegenden Fall funktioniert. Eine Beschreibung dieses Effektes befindet sich am Schluss dieser Beschreibung.Fig. 3 shows in principle how the light collection works in the present case. A description of this effect is given at the end of this description.

In Fig. 4 ist eine weitere Ausführung des Lineals in einer Seitenansicht dargestellt, welche zwei streifenförmige Träger 2 und 12 aus lichtsammelndem Material aufweist. Der zweite Träger 12 ist praktisch gleich ausgebildet wie der erste Träger 2. Diese Träger 2 und 12 sind sich mit ihren unteren Hauptflächen 5 zugeordnet. Die oberen bzw. äusseren Hauptflächen 6 der Träger bzw. Grundkörper 2 und 12 sind mit den bereits beschriebenen Phasen 9 versehen. Zwischen den Trägern 2 und 12 befindet sich zumindest eine Anzeigevorrichtung 11, welche die Skalen 3 und 4 aufweist. Damit die Messwerte von den beiden Seiten des Lineales her, d.h. durch die beiden Grundkörper 2 und 12 abgelesen werden können, ist jedem der Grundkörper 2 bzw. 12 eine eigene Anzeigevorrichtung 11 mit den Skalen 3 und 4 zugeordnet. Zwischen diesen Anzeigevorrichtungen 11 und somit auch zwischen den Grundkörpern 2 und 12 kann sich eine undurchsichtige Materialschicht 34 befinden, welche die Skalen 3 und 4 jener Anzeigevorrichtung 11 verdeckt, welche vom Beobachter abgewandt ist.4, a further embodiment of the ruler is shown in a side view, which has two strip-shaped carrier 2 and 12 of light-collecting material. The second carrier 12 is formed virtually the same as the first carrier 2. These carriers 2 and 12 are associated with their lower major surfaces 5. The upper and outer major surfaces 6 of the carrier or base body 2 and 12 are provided with the phases 9 already described. Between the carriers 2 and 12 is at least one display device 11, which has the scales 3 and 4. So that the measured values can be read off from the two sides of the ruler, ie, through the two base bodies 2 and 12, each base body 2 or 12 is assigned its own display device 11 with the scales 3 and 4. Between these display devices 11 and thus also between the base bodies 2 and 12 may be an opaque material layer 34, which covers the scales 3 and 4 of those display device 11, which faces away from the observer.

In Fig. 5 und 6 ist eine Ausführung des Lineals dargestellt, bei dem ein Anschlag 15 von der die Anzeigevorrichtung 11 tragenden bzw. unteren Hauptfläche 5 des Trägers 2 absteht. Dieser Anschlag 15 befindet sich in einem der Endbereiche des Skalenträgers 2 und dieser Anschlag 15 kann beispielsweise die Form eines Quaders, Würfels usw. haben. Die Seitenwände dieses Quaders stehen parallel bzw. senkrecht zu den Flächen des Trägers 2. Eine der Seitenflächen dieses Quaders liegt in einer vertikalen Ebene, in der sich auch die hier liegenden Stirn- bzw. Endfläche 16 des Grundkörpers befindet. Der Nullstrich 17 der in diesem Endbereich beginnenden bzw. sich nach rechts erstreckenden Skale 3 liegt in einem Abstand von der Endfläche 16 des Lineals. Die von der Stirn- bzw. Endfläche 16 abgewandt liegende und quer zur Längsrichtung des Grundkörpers 2 verlaufende Seitenfläche 18 des Vorsprunges 15 ist so angeordnet, dass sie in einer zweiten vertikalen Ebene liegt, in der auch der Nullstrich 17 der genannten ersten Skale 3 liegt. Beim Abmessen eines Abstandes von der Randkante eines Gegenstandes und zwar parallel zu dieser Randkante, kann man die Seitenfläche 18 des Anschlages 15 an der Kante des Gegenstandes anschlagen. Dies erhöht die Präzision der Abmessung des gewünschten Abstandes parallel zur Kante des Gegenstandes.In Fig. 5 and 6, an embodiment of the ruler is shown, in which a stop 15 protrudes from the display device 11 supporting or lower main surface 5 of the carrier 2. This stop 15 is located in one of the end portions of the scale carrier 2 and this stop 15 may for example have the shape of a cuboid, cube, etc. The side walls of this cuboid are parallel or perpendicular to the surfaces of the support 2. One of the side surfaces of this cuboid lies in a vertical plane, in which the present end face or end face 16 of the body is located. The zero mark 17 of the scale 3 beginning in this end region or extending to the right is at a distance from the end face 16 of the ruler. The side surface 18 of the projection 15 which faces away from the end face or end face 16 and extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the base body 2 is arranged such that it lies in a second vertical plane, in which the zero mark 17 of said first scale 3 lies. When measuring a distance from the peripheral edge of an object and parallel to this edge, one can strike the side surface 18 of the stop 15 at the edge of the article. This increases the precision of the dimension of the desired distance parallel to the edge of the article.

Die zweite am Träger 2 vorhandene Skale 4 ist im dargestellten Fall zwar ebenfalls metrisch, aber sie ist gegenläufig. Folglich liegt der Anfang bzw. der Null-Strich dieser zweiten Skale 4 im Bereich des zum Anschlag 15 gegenüberliegenden Endes des Trägers 2, wo sich die gegenüberliegende End- bzw. Stirnfläche 19 des Trägers 2 befindet. Im dargestellten Fall liegt der Null-Strich dieser zweiten Skale 4 in einer vertikalen Ebene, in welcher auch die zweite Stirnfläche 19 des Trägers 2 liegt. Diese zweite Skale 4 kann in dem Fall zum Einsatz kommen, wenn man in hohlen Räumen bzw. Winkeln messen will oder wenn der von der Unterseite des Trägers 2 abstehende Anschlag 15 den Benützer des Lineals stört. Im Prinzip kann sich der Null-Strich der zweiten Skale 4 jedoch auch in einem Abstand von der zweiten Endfläche 19 des Trägers 2 befinden. Dieser Abstand hat nämlich einen konstanten Wert, sodass man diesen Wert zur Anzeige der Skale 4 jeweils addieren kann.The second on the carrier 2 existing scale 4 is shown in the Although case also metric, but it is in reverse. Consequently, the beginning or zero stroke of this second scale 4 is in the region of the stop 15 opposite end of the support 2, where the opposite end or end face 19 of the support 2 is located. In the illustrated case, the zero line of this second scale 4 lies in a vertical plane, in which the second end face 19 of the carrier 2 is located. This second scale 4 can be used in the case when one wants to measure in hollow spaces or angles or when the stop 15 projecting from the underside of the carrier 2 disturbs the user of the ruler. In principle, however, the zero stroke of the second scale 4 can also be located at a distance from the second end face 19 of the carrier 2. Namely, this distance has a constant value, so that one can add this value to the display of the scale 4 each.

In Fig. 7 bzw. 8 ist ein Messgerät in Draufsicht dargestellt, welches als eine Schieblehre ausgebildet ist. In Fig. 8 ist ein vergrösserter Ausschnitt aus Fig. 7 gezeigt. Die Schieblehre umfasst einen Messbalken 20 sowie einen entlang diesem Balken 20 bewegbaren Schieber 40. Mit dem Messbalken 20 ist ein erster Messchnabel 21 der Schieblehre fest verbunden. Der zweite Messchnabel 22 ist mit dem Grundkörper 41 des Schiebers 40 fest verbunden. Die Messchnabel 21 und 22 sind in einer an sich bekannten Weise ausgeführt und sie können vom Messbalken 20 und vom Schieber 40 nach links oder nach rechts ragen.In Fig. 7 and 8, a measuring device is shown in plan view, which is designed as a caliper. FIG. 8 shows an enlarged section of FIG. 7. The caliper comprises a measuring beam 20 and a slide 40 movable along this beam 20. A first measuring beak 21 of the caliper is fixedly connected to the measuring beam 20. The second measuring beak 22 is fixedly connected to the main body 41 of the slider 40. The measuring beaks 21 and 22 are designed in a manner known per se and they can project from the measuring beam 20 and from the slider 40 to the left or to the right.

Der Grundkörper 41 des Schiebers 40 weist einen U-förmigen Querschnitt auf (Fig. 9 und 16), wobei der Messbalken 20 zwischen den Innenflächen der U-Schenkel 42 und 43 des Schiebers 40 in einer an sich bekannten Weise spielfrei längsverschiebbar gelagert ist.The main body 41 of the slider 40 has a U-shaped Cross-section on (Fig. 9 and 16), wherein the measuring beam 20 between the inner surfaces of the U-legs 42 and 43 of the slider 40 is mounted longitudinally displaceable in a known manner without play.

In der Oberseite 29 (Fig. 9), d.h. in der dem Beobachter zugewandten Hauptfläche des Grundkörpers 28 des Messbalkens 20 ist eine sich in der Längsrichtung des Balkens 20 erstreckende, flache Mulde 23 vorhanden, welche einen im wesentlichen viereckförmigen Querschnitt hat und einen Boden 24 sowie Seitenwände 25 und 26 aufweist. Die Schieblehre weist ferner eine Messeinrichtung 30 auf, welche im wesentlichen gleich ausgebildet ist wie die Messeinrichtung 1 gemäss Fig. 1 und 2. Die Messeinrichtung 30 hat einen streifenförmigen Grundkörper 2 mit einem viereckförmigen Querschnitt und diese Einrichtung 30 ist in der Mulde 23 des Balkens 20 spielfrei befestigt. Die Anzeigevorrichtung 11 dieser Einrichtung 30 hat ebenfalls zwei Skalen 3 und 4. Eine dieser Skalen 3 befindet sich in der Nähe der einen der Längskanten 25 der Mulde 23 im Grundkörper 28 des Messbalkens 20. Die andere Skale 4 liegt in der Nähe der gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand 26 der Mulde 23. Die äusseren Enden der Striche 13 der Skale 3 bzw. 4 liegen in der Nähe einer der Seiteinwände 25 bzw. 26 der Mulde 23.In the top 29 (Figure 9), i. in the observer facing the main surface of the main body 28 of the measuring beam 20 is a in the longitudinal direction of the beam 20 extending, flat trough 23 is present, which has a substantially quadrangular cross section and a bottom 24 and side walls 25 and 26 has. The caliper also has a measuring device 30, which is formed substantially the same as the measuring device 1 according to FIGS. 1 and 2. The measuring device 30 has a strip-shaped base body 2 with a quadrangular cross-section and this device 30 is in the trough 23 of the beam 20th attached without play. The display device 11 of this device 30 also has two scales 3 and 4. One of these scales 3 is located near one of the longitudinal edges 25 of the trough 23 in the main body 28 of the measuring beam 20. The other scale 4 is located in the vicinity of the opposite side wall 26th the trough 23. The outer ends of the lines 13 of the scales 3 and 4 are in the vicinity of one of the side walls 25 and 26 of the trough 23rd

Die Messeinrichtung 30 kann mit Hilfe eines Klebestoffes 31 in der Mulde 23 spielfrei gehalten sein, wie dies in Fig. 10 und 11 dargestellt ist. Oder die Seitenwände 25 und 26 der Mulde 23 sind unterschnitten ausgeführt, sodass die Messeinrichtung 30 mit dem viereckförmigen Querschnitt zwischen solchen Seitenwänden 25 und 26 der Mulde 23 spielfrei gehalten ist (Fig. 12 und 13). Es kann jedoch auch Oeffnungen im Grundkörper 2 der Messeinrichtung 30 und im Boden 24 der Balkenmulde 23 geben. Die sich zugeordneten Oeffnungen im Grundkörper 2 und im Balken 20 liegen übereinander und ein Passtift 32 (Fig. 14) geht durch die sich zugeordneten Oeffnungen hindurch. Der Bolzen des Passtiftes 32 ist im Balken 20 verankert. Schliesslich kann ein Stift 33 vom Boden 24 der Mulde 23 abstehen (Fig. 15) und durch eine Oeffnung im Grundkörper 2 hindurchgehen. Die Länge dieses Stiftes 33 ist grösser als die Höhe bzw. Dicke des streifenförmigen Grundkörpers 2. Der sich über dem Grundkörper 2 befindliche Abschnitt des Stiftes 33 ist zur Befestigung der Messeinrichtung 30 im Balken 20 in einer an sich bekannten Weise erweitert.The measuring device 30 may be held without play in the trough 23 with the aid of an adhesive 31, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11. Or the side walls 25 and 26 of the trough 23 are executed undercut, so that the measuring device 30th is held without play with the square-shaped cross section between such side walls 25 and 26 of the trough 23 (FIGS. 12 and 13). However, there may also be openings in the base body 2 of the measuring device 30 and in the bottom 24 of the beam trough 23. The associated openings in the base body 2 and in the beam 20 overlap one another and a fitting pin 32 (FIG. 14) passes through the associated openings. The bolt of the Passtiftes 32 is anchored in the beam 20. Finally, a pin 33 can protrude from the bottom 24 of the trough 23 (FIG. 15) and pass through an opening in the base body 2. The length of this pin 33 is greater than the height or thickness of the strip-shaped main body 2. The portion of the pin 33 located above the main body 2 is widened in a manner known per se for fastening the measuring device 30 in the beam 20.

Die Schieblehre umfasst ferner mindestens eine Vorrichtung zum Ablesen von gemessenen Werten, welche am Schieber 40 angebracht ist. Im dargestellten Fall weist die Schieblehre zwei Ablesevorrichtungen 35 und 36 auf. Je eine dieser Ablesevorrichtungen 35 bzw. 36 ist der Stirnfläche eines der U-Schenkel 42 bzw. 43 zugeordnet (Fig. 9 und 16). Die Ablesevorrichtungen 35 und 36 sind auf den Schieberschenkeln 42 und 43 spielfrei gelagert (Fig. 8 und 17).The caliper further includes at least one device for reading measured values attached to the slider 40. In the illustrated case, the caliper has two reading devices 35 and 36. Each of these reading devices 35 and 36 is assigned to the end face of one of the U-legs 42 and 43 (FIGS. 9 and 16). The reading devices 35 and 36 are mounted without play on the slide legs 42 and 43 (FIGS. 8 and 17).

Die jeweilige Ablesevorrichtung 35 bzw. 36 weist einen plattenförmigen Grundkörper 37 auf, welcher aus einem durchsichtigen und lichtsammelnden Material ist. Diese Platten 37 dienen als Träger für je eine Markierung 38 bzw. 39 (Fig. 8) der jeweiligen Ablesevorrichtung 35 bzw. 36. Die Markierung 38 bzw. 39 umfasst zumindest ein Element bzw. eine Marke. Das Element bzw. die Elemente der Markierungen 38 und 39 sind als lichtreflektierende Flächen oder Bezirke an der dem Balken 20 zugewandten Seite des Markierungsträgers 37 ausgeführt. Die Markierung 38 bzw. 39 kann als eine einzige Marke oder als eine Skale mit Strichen 14 und/oder mit Symbolen ausgeführt sein. Die Symbole können Zahlen oder Buchstaben sein. Entsprechendes gilt auch für die Skalen 3 und 4 der Messeinrichtung 30. Im in Fig. 7 und 8 dargestellten Fall sind die Markierungen 38 und 39 als Nonius-Skalen ausgeführt.The respective reading device 35 or 36 has a plate-shaped main body 37, which is made of a transparent and light-collecting material. These plates 37 serve as Carrier for a respective mark 38 or 39 (FIG. 8) of the respective reading device 35 or 36. The marking 38 or 39 comprises at least one element or a mark. The element or elements of the markings 38 and 39 are designed as light-reflecting surfaces or districts on the side of the marking carrier 37 facing the beam 20. The mark 38 or 39 may be implemented as a single mark or as a scale with lines 14 and / or with symbols. The symbols can be numbers or letters. The same applies to the scales 3 and 4 of the measuring device 30. In the case illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8, the markings 38 and 39 are designed as vernier scales.

Der plattenförmige Träger 37 für eine Markierung 38 bzw. 39 hat einen im wesentlichen trapezförmigen Grundriss mit zwei langen Seiten bzw. Kanten 44 und 46 und mit zwei kurzen Seiten bzw. Kanten 45 und 47 (Fig. 17). Die erste lange Kante 44 der Trägerplatte 37 ist geradlinig und sie verläuft parallel zur Seitenfläche 25 bzw. 26 der Mulde 23 im Balken 20. Diese erste Plattenkante 44 befindet sich möglichst nahe an der zugeordneten Skale 3 bzw. 4 des Lineals 30. Die Trägerplatte 37 kann auf dem U-Schenkel 42 bzw. 43 jedoch auch so angeordnet sein, dass sie die zugeordnete Skale 3 bzw. 4 sogar teilweise überlappt. Die Striche 14 der Markierung 38 bzw. 39 enden zweckmässigerweise an der ersten bzw. geradlinigen Längskante 44 der Trägerplatte 37, sodass sie sich in der unmittelbaren Nähe der Striche 13 der dieser Markierung 38 bzw. 39 benachbarten Skale 3 bzw. 4 am Messbalken 20 befinden oder dass sie die Striche 13 der Skalen 3 und 4 überlappen. Eine solche Anordnung der Skalen 3 und 4 und der Markierungen 38 und 39 erlaubt, den eingestellten Wert mit Hilfe einer der Ablesevorrichtungen 38 bzw. 39 vom Lineal 30 schnell und genau abzulesen.The plate-shaped carrier 37 for a marker 38 or 39 has a substantially trapezoidal outline with two long sides or edges 44 and 46 and with two short sides or edges 45 and 47 (FIG. 17). The first long edge 44 of the support plate 37 is rectilinear and it is parallel to the side surface 25 and 26 of the trough 23 in the beam 20. This first plate edge 44 is located as close as possible to the associated scale 3 and 4 of the ruler 30. Die Trägerplatte 37 however, may also be arranged on the U-leg 42 or 43 such that it even partially overlaps the associated scale 3 or 4. The lines 14 of the marking 38 or 39 expediently terminate at the first or rectilinear longitudinal edge 44 of the support plate 37, so that they are located in the immediate vicinity of the lines 13 of the marking 38 or 39 adjacent scales 3 and 4 on the measuring beam 20 or that they are the strokes 13 overlap the scales 3 and 4. Such an arrangement of the scales 3 and 4 and the markings 38 and 39 allows to read the set value with the help of one of the reading devices 38 and 39 from the ruler 30 quickly and accurately.

Jene Randpartie der Trägerplatte 37, welche sich an die zweite Längskante 46 dieser Platte 37 anschliesst, liegt auf der Stirnfläche 49 eines der U-Schenkel 42 bzw. 43 des Schiebers 40 auf. Der Verlauf der zweiten Längskante 46 der Trägerplatte 37 ist an den Verlauf der äusseren Seitenfläche 48 des Schiebers 40 angepasst, sodass diese Längskante 46 parallel zur Aussenseite 48 des Schiebers 40 verläuft.That edge part of the carrier plate 37, which adjoins the second longitudinal edge 46 of this plate 37, rests on the end face 49 of one of the U-legs 42 and 43 of the slider 40. The course of the second longitudinal edge 46 of the carrier plate 37 is adapted to the course of the outer side surface 48 of the slider 40, so that this longitudinal edge 46 extends parallel to the outer side 48 of the slider 40.

Jene Eckpartien der Trägerplatte 37, in welchen sich die Seitenkanten 45 und 47 derselben mit der zweiten, vom Messbalken 20 entfernt liegenden Längskante 46 dieser Trägerplatte 37 treffen, sind mit je einem Einschnitt 51 bzw. 52 versehen. Der jeweilige Einschnitt 51 bzw. 52 weist zwei praktisch rechtwinklig zueinander stehende Kanten 53 und 54. Die erste Kante 53 verläuft praktisch parallel zur geradlinigen Längskante 44 dieses Trapezes 37. Die zweite Einschnittkante 54 steht praktisch senkrecht zur Längskante 44.Those corner parts of the support plate 37 in which the side edges 45 and 47 of the same meet with the second, remote from the measuring beam 20 longitudinal edge 46 of the support plate 37, each with an incision 51 and 52 respectively. The respective incision 51 or 52 has two edges 53 and 54 that are practically at right angles to one another. The first edge 53 runs virtually parallel to the rectilinear longitudinal edge 44 of this trapezium 37. The second incision edge 54 is practically perpendicular to the longitudinal edge 44.

In jenen Eckbereichen der Stirnfläche 49 des U-Schenkels 42 bzw. 43, welche vom Balken 20 abgewandt liegen, ist je eine flache Materialanhäufung bzw. ein flacher Vorsprung 55 bzw. 56 vorhanden. Der Vorsprung 55 bzw. 56 weist zwei plane und praktisch rechtwinklig zueinander stehende Seitenflächen 57 und 58 auf. Die erste dieser Seitenflächen 57 verläuft praktisch parallel zur geradlinigen Kante 44 des Trapezes 37. Die andere Seitenfläche 58 steht praktisch senkrecht dazu. Der Abstand zwischen den senkrechten Seitenflächen 58 der Vorsprünge 55 und 56 ist gleich gross wie der Abstand zwischen den senkrechten Kanten 54 der Einschnitte 51 und 52 in der Trägerplatte 37. Durch die senkrecht stehenden Passflächen 54 und 58 an der Trägerplatte 37 ist die Trägerplatte 37 samt der an dieser ausgeführten Markierung 38 bzw. 39 in der Längsrichtung des Balkens 20 spielfrei fixiert.In those corner regions of the end face 49 of the U-leg 42 and 43, which are remote from the beam 20, there is a flat accumulation of material or a flat projection 55 or 56, respectively. The projection 55 or 56 has two plane and practically perpendicular to each other side surfaces 57 and 58th on. The first of these side surfaces 57 extends virtually parallel to the straight edge 44 of the trapezoid 37. The other side surface 58 is practically perpendicular thereto. The distance between the vertical side surfaces 58 of the projections 55 and 56 is the same size as the distance between the vertical edges 54 of the cuts 51 and 52 in the support plate 37. By the vertical mating surfaces 54 and 58 on the support plate 37, the support plate 37 is complete the fixed at this running marker 38 and 39 in the longitudinal direction of the beam 20 without play.

Senkrecht zum Balken 20 ist die Lage der Träger 37 der Markierungen 38 und 39 nicht kritisch, sodass der Träger 37 in dieser Richtung nur durch die Reibung zwischen den aufeinander aufliegenden Passflächen 54 und 58 an Ort und Stelle gehalten werden kann. Im dargestellten Fall bilden die Vorsprünge 55 und 56 Eckbereiche einer Umrandung 50, welche sich im äusseren Randbereich der Stirnfläche 49 des jeweiligen U-Schenkles 42 bzw. 43 befindet und deren Abschnitte sich an die drei aussen liegenden Seitenwände 48, 71 und 72 des jeweiligen U-Schenkels 42 bzw. 43 anschliessen. Sonst ist es möglich, einen weiteren Vorsprung 59 auf der Stirnfläche 49 der U-Schenkel 42 und 43 vorzusehen. Dieser Vorsprung 59 befindet sich etwa im mittleren Bereich der vom Balken 20 abgewandten Längskante 46 der Trägerplatte 37 und diese Längskante 46 schlägt an diesem Vorsprung 59 an, was die Lage der Trägerplatte 37 senkrecht zur Länge des Messbalkens 20 definiert und fixiert.Perpendicular to the beam 20, the position of the carriers 37 of the markers 38 and 39 is not critical, so that the carrier 37 can be held in place in this direction only by the friction between the mating fitting surfaces 54 and 58. In the illustrated case, the projections 55 and 56 form corner regions of a border 50, which is located in the outer edge region of the end face 49 of the respective U-leg 42 and 43 and whose sections are adjacent to the three outer side walls 48, 71 and 72 of the respective U -Schikkel 42 and 43 connect. Otherwise, it is possible to provide a further projection 59 on the end face 49 of the U-legs 42 and 43. This projection 59 is located approximately in the central region of the beam 20 remote from the longitudinal edge 46 of the support plate 37 and this longitudinal edge 46 abuts on this projection 59, which defines the position of the support plate 37 perpendicular to the length of the measuring beam 20 and fixed.

Der Schieber 40 ist ferner mit einer Abdeckplatte 60 versehen, welche sich praktisch über die gesamte Oberseite des Schiebers 40 erstreckt. Diese Abdeckplatte 60 weist einen plattenförmigen Grundkörper auf, welcher aus einem durchsichtigen Material ist und welcher den Stirnflächen der U-Schenkel 42 und 43 zugeordnet ist und diese zumindest im wesentlichen überdeckt. Je ein Aufpresszapfen 62 ist in einer der Eckpartien der Abdeckplatte 60 angeordnet und diese Zapfen 62 stehen von dieser Platte 60 praktisch rechtwinklig ab. In den äusseren Eckbereichen der Stirnflächen des jeweiligen U-Schenkels 42 bzw. 43 ist je eine praktisch zylinderförmige Vertiefung 63 ausgebildet, in welcher der Zapfen 62 festsitzen kann. Der sich zwischen den Schieberschenkeln 42 und 43 befindliche und dem Balken 20 zugewandte Abschnitt der Abdeckplatte 60 weist eine konkave Fläche 65 auf. Der Querschnitt dieser konkaven Fläche 65 hat die Form des Abschnittes des Mantels eines Zylinders, dessen Achse parallel zur Längsachse des Messbalkens 20 verläuft. Die konkave Fläche 65 erstreckt sich nicht nur über die Breite des Messbalkens 20 sondern auch über die Breite der beiden und zu den beiden Seiten des Balkens 20 liegenden Ablesevorrichtungen 35 und 36. Folglich wirkt die konkave Fläche 65 wie eine Linse, welche die Symbole der Skalen 3 und 4 sowie der Markierungen 38 und 39 vergrössert.The slider 40 is further provided with a cover plate 60 which extends virtually over the entire top surface of the slider 40. This cover plate 60 has a plate-shaped base body, which is made of a transparent material and which is associated with the end faces of the U-legs 42 and 43 and this covers at least substantially. Depending on a Aufpresszapfen 62 is disposed in one of the corner portions of the cover plate 60 and these pins 62 are from this plate 60 from virtually at right angles. In the outer corners of the end faces of the respective U-leg 42 and 43, a practically cylindrical recess 63 is formed, in which the pin 62 can be stuck. The located between the slider legs 42 and 43 and the beam 20 facing portion of the cover plate 60 has a concave surface 65. The cross section of this concave surface 65 has the shape of the portion of the shell of a cylinder whose axis is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the measuring beam 20. The concave surface 65 extends not only across the width of the measuring beam 20 but also across the width of the two reading devices 35 and 36 lying on either side of the beam 20. As a result, the concave surface 65 acts as a lens representing the symbols of the scales 3 and 4 and the markers 38 and 39 enlarged.

Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch, wie die Anzeigevorrichtung 11 funktioniert. Dieser Funktion liegt eine sogenannte LISA-Anordnung zugrunde, welche von der Firma Bayer AG publiziert worden ist. Zur Darlegung dieser Arbeitsweise zeigt Fig. 3 einen Ausschnitt aus der Anzeigevorrichtung 11. Der streifenförmige Träger 2 dieser Vorrichtung 11 ist aus einem hoch transparenten Polymer einer an sich bekannten Art. Der Streifen 2 aus einem solchen Material hat sehr glatte Oberflächen. Im Inneren des Streifenmaterials befinden sich Teilchen 70 aus einem vorteilhaft fluoreszierenden Farbstoff, welche im Polymer verteilt sind.Fig. 3 shows schematically how the display device 11 works. This function is based on a so-called LISA arrangement, which has been published by Bayer AG. To illustrate this operation, Fig. 3 shows a detail from the display device 11. The strip-shaped carrier 2 of this device 11 is made of a highly transparent polymer of a known type. The strip 2 of such a material has very smooth surfaces. Inside the strip material are particles 70 of an advantageous fluorescent dye, which are distributed in the polymer.

Beispielsweise der Lichtstrahl I1 dringt aus der umgebenden Luft in das Innere des Trägers 2 durch die obere Hauptfläche 66 dieses Trägers 2 und er gelangt bis zur unteren Hauptfläche 67 dieses Streifens 2, weil keines der Farbstoffteilchen 70 diesem im Wege stand. Dieser Stahl I1 wird von der unteren Hauptfläche 67 total reflektiert und weil sein Grenzwinkel Alpha gegenüber der oberen Hauptfläche 66 klein ist, tritt dieser Strahl I1 durch die obere Hauptfläche 66 wieder in die Umgebungsluft heraus.For example, the light beam I1 penetrates from the surrounding air into the interior of the carrier 2 through the upper main surface 66 of this carrier 2 and it reaches the lower major surface 67 of this strip 2, because none of the dye particles 70 stood in the way. This steel I1 is totally reflected by the lower major surface 67, and because its critical angle alpha with respect to the upper major surface 66 is small, this ray I1 exits through the upper major surface 66 back into the ambient air.

Der Lichtstrahl I2 fällt dagegen auf eines der Teilchen 70 des Farbstoffes und er wird von diesem Teilchen 70 zurück zur Oberfläche 66 reflektiert. Der Grenzwinkel Alpha ist bei diesem Strahl jedoch grösser und deswegen wird dieser Lichtstrahl I2 von der Oberfläche 66 in das Innere des Trägers 2 total reflektiert. Wegen dieser Reflexion gelangt dieser Strahl I2 zur unteren Hauptfläche 67, wo er wieder total reflektiert wird, bis er an eine Stelle gelangt, wo der Auftreffwinkel kleiner ist als der Grenzwinkel. Hier tritt dieser Lichtstrahl I2 aus dem Träger 2 heraus. Eine solche Stelle kann beispielsweise eine der Stirnflächen 16 bzw. 19 des Trägers 2 sein.The light beam I2, in contrast, falls on one of the particles 70 of the dye and it is reflected by this particle 70 back to the surface 66. However, the critical angle alpha is greater in this beam and therefore this light beam I2 is totally reflected by the surface 66 into the interior of the carrier 2. Because of this reflection, this beam I2 reaches the lower major surface 67, where it is totally reflected again until it reaches a point where the angle of incidence is smaller than the critical angle. Here, this light beam I2 emerges from the carrier 2. Such a location may be, for example, one of the end faces 16 and 19 of the carrier 2.

Die genannte Stelle kann jedoch auch die Fläche einer der Marken 13 der Skale 3 bzw. 4 sein. Dies deswegen, weil das Material der Markierung 13 eine andere optische Dichte hat als Luft. Folglich hat der Grenzwinkel zwischen dem Polymer und dem Material der Marke 13 einen anderen Wert als der Grenzwinkel zwischen dem Polymer und Luft. In dieser Weise entsteht ein Unterschied in der Helligkeit zwischen jenen Stellen am Träger 2, welche mit Marken 13 bedeckt sind und jenen Stellen, wo sich keine Marken 13 befinden. So werden die Marken 13 in der Anzeigevorrichtung 11 ablesbar. Die erwähnten Stellen können auch dadurch entstehen, dass die Marken 13 in der unteren Hauptfläche 67 beispielsweise eingraviert sind. Die Markierungsvorrichtungen 38 und 39 am Schieber 40 funktionieren in gleicher Weise.However, said location may also be the area of one of the marks 13 of the scales 3 and 4, respectively. This is because the material of the marker 13 has a different optical density than air. Consequently, the critical angle between the polymer and the material of the mark 13 has a value other than the critical angle between the polymer and air. In this way, a difference in brightness arises between those locations on the carrier 2 which are covered with marks 13 and those places where there are no marks 13. Thus, the marks 13 in the display device 11 can be read. The mentioned points can also arise because the marks 13 are engraved in the lower main surface 67, for example. The marking devices 38 and 39 on the slider 40 work in the same way.

Es ist noch eine weitere Ausführung der Schieblehre möglich (nicht dargestellt), bei welcher die Skalen 3 und 4 am Balken 20 in derselben Ebene liegen wie die Skalen 38 und 39 am Schieber 40.It is still another embodiment of the caliper possible (not shown), in which the scales 3 and 4 on the beam 20 in the same plane as the scales 38 and 39 on the slider 40th

Claims (14)

  1. Measuring instrument with at least one equipment for the optical determination of measured values, whereby this measuring equipment (1,30) contains a carrier (2;37) for at least one scale (3,4), which is of a transparent material and which shows a lower primary area (5) and an upper primary area (6), characterized in that the carrier (2;37) is of a light collecting material, in particular of a high-transparent polymer, that the primary areas (5,6) of the carrier (2;37) are smooth, that in the interior of the material of the carrier (2;37) are distributed corpuscles (70) of a dye and that the elements forming the scale (3,4) (13) are shaped as light reflecting surfaces on the lower primary area (5) of the carrier.
  2. Device according to patent claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the longitudinal edges (7,8) of the scale carrier (2) shows a pitch and/or a phase (9) and that this phase (9) is in that field of the longitudinal edge (7,8) of the carrier (2) which connects itself to the upper primary area (6) of the scale carrier (2).
  3. Device according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the lower primary area (5) of the scale carrier (2) showing the scale (3,4) is put on a protective coating (10) and that the scale (3,4) is between this protective coating (10) and the carrier (2).
  4. Device according to patent claim 1, characterized in that an assault (15) is provided at the scale carrier (2), that this assault (15) stands off from the lower primary area (5) of the scale carrier (2) carrying the scale (3,4), that this assault (15) is in one of the end fields of the scale carrier (2), that the facets of this assault (15) stand parallel and/or normal to the primary areas (5,6) of the carrier (2), that one of these facets (18), which perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the scale carrier (2) runs and is turned to the basic body of this scale carrier (2), in a standing level for the longitudinal direction of the scale carrier (2) in which is also the zero line (17) of the scale (3).
  5. Device according to patent claim 1, characterized in that two strip-shaped carriers (2,12) are provided from a light collecting material, that these carriers (2,12) are allocated themselves with their lower primary areas (5), that there is at least a device of a display (11) between these carriers (2,12) and that a non-transparent material layer (34) is between the carriers.
  6. Device according to patent claim 1, which is exported as a slide gauge with a beam (20) and as a slide movable along this beam (40), characterized in that the measuring equipment (30) is attached on the beam (20) of the slide gauge, that the slide gauge shows further at least a reading appliance (35;36), which is at the slide (40) and next to the beam (20), that this reading appliance (35,36) has a carrier (37) of a light collecting material, in particular of a high-transparent polymer, that this carrier (37) shows a lower primary area (5) and an upper primary area (6), that these primary areas (5,6) are smooth, that in the interior of the material of the carrier (37) corpuscles (70) of a dye are distributed and that the reading elements (13,14) of the marking (38,39) of this reading appliance (35,36) are shaped as bright reflecting faces on the lower primary area (5) of the carrier.
  7. Device according to patent claim 6, characterized in that a flat hollow (23) is in the upper primary area (29) of the slide beam (20), which extends in the longitudinal direction of the beam (20) and which shows a basically square-shaped cross-section, that the measuring equipment (30) is attached in this hollow (23), that the reading appliance (11) of this measuring equipment (30) has two scales (3,4), and that the external ends of the reading elements (13) of the scales (3,4) of this measuring equipment (30) lie near each one of the facet (25,26) of the hollow (23).
  8. Device according to patent claim 6, characterized in that the basic body (41) of the slide (40) shows a U-shaped cross-section, that the measurement beam (20) is between the internal surfaces of the U thighs (42,43) of the slide basic body (41), that a reading appliance (35,36) is assigned to the front end of one of the U thighs (42,43) of the slide basic body (41), that the scale carrier (37) of the reading appliance (35,36) shows a platy-shaped basic body (37), and that the reading elements (13,14) of the marking (38,39) of the reading appliance (35,36) are placed at this side of the marking carrier (37) which is turned to the beam (20).
  9. Device according to patent claim 8, characterized in that the platy-shaped carrier (37) shows a trapezoidal-shaped outline, that the longer basic edge (44) of the trapeze (37) is rectilinear and the longer basic edge (44) of the trapeze (37) runs parallel to the facet (25,26) of the hollow (23) in the beam (20) or the longer basic edge (44) of the trapeze (37) is overlapping this facet (25,26) in part, and that the lines (14) of the marking (38,39) of the reading appliance (35,36) end at the longer basic edge (44) of the carrier plate (37).
  10. Device according to patent claim 9, characterized in that that edge lot of the carrier plate (37) connecting the shorter basic edge (46) of the trapeze (37) lies on the front end (49) of one of the U-thighs (42,43) of the slide (40), that those edge fields of the front end (29) of the U-thigh (42;43), which lie turned away of the beam (20), provided are with each a nose (55,56), that the faces turned to each other (58) of these material accumulations (55,56) are shaped as mating surfaces, that the edge lots of the marking carrier (37) being averted from the beam (20) show square-shaped incisions (51,52) and that the virtually parallel to each other running edges (54) of these incisions at the mating surfaces (58) of the noses (55,56) are available.
  11. Device according to patent claim 6, characterized in that the slide (40) shows a protecting plate (60) of a transparent material, that this protecting plate (60) is related (42,43) to the end faces (49) of the U-thighs, that the section of the protecting plate (60) being between the slide thighs (42,43) and turned to the beam (20) the coping stone (60) shows a concave area (65), that the cross-section of this concave area (65) has the form of the section of the cleading of a cylinder, whose axis runs parallelly to the longitudinal axis of the measuring beam (20), and that this concave area (65) extends not only over the width of the measuring beam (20) but also over the width of the two reading appliances (35,36).
  12. Device according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the scale (3) is attached to one of the longitudinal edges (7) of the carrier (2), that a second scale (4) is provided being attached to the opposite longitudinal edge (8) of the carrier (2), and that this second scale (4) is counterrunning to the first scale (3) so that the zero line (19) of the second scale (4) is found at the opposite end of the scale carrier (2).
  13. Device according to patent claim 7, characterized in that the measuring equipment (30) is held by an adhesive (31) in the hollow (23), or that the sidewalls (25,26) of the hollow (23) are under-cut, or that there are openings both in the basic body (2) of the measuring equipment (30) and in the bottom (24) of the beam hollow (23) and that there is at least a dowel pin (32) which passes through these openings, or that a pin (33) stands off the bottom (24) of the hollow (23), which one passes through an opening in the basic body (2) of the measuring equipment (30).
  14. Device according to patent claim 1, characterized in that the corpuscles (70) being in the interior of the stripe material are of a fluorescent dye, which ones are distributed in the polymer.
EP99810176A 1998-03-06 1999-03-02 Measuring device with optical scale reading method Expired - Lifetime EP0940649B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH54098 1998-03-06
CH54098 1998-03-06

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EP0940649A2 EP0940649A2 (en) 1999-09-08
EP0940649A3 EP0940649A3 (en) 2002-01-16
EP0940649B1 true EP0940649B1 (en) 2006-12-27

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AT (1) ATE349673T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59914079D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004008064A2 (en) * 2002-07-17 2004-01-22 Schafer, Margaret, D. Transparent measuring device with enhanced visibility lines
PL3779350T3 (en) * 2019-08-13 2024-01-22 Latschbacher Gmbh Measuring slide

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1415627A (en) * 1919-11-07 1922-05-09 Howard S Levy Precision instrument
GB891393A (en) * 1957-05-06 1962-03-14 Ernst Jager Improvements in or relating to micrometer gauges
US4257164A (en) * 1978-11-09 1981-03-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Optical protractor
JPS5933198Y2 (en) * 1979-09-20 1984-09-17 株式会社モリタ製作所 Gauge for panoramic X-ray photography
US5101569A (en) * 1990-05-29 1992-04-07 Watkins Michael O Adjustable wheel measuring gauge
JP3195705B2 (en) * 1993-12-28 2001-08-06 教育出版株式会社 How to use gauges and their sheets and gauges

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ATE349673T1 (en) 2007-01-15
EP0940649A2 (en) 1999-09-08
EP0940649A3 (en) 2002-01-16
DE59914079D1 (en) 2007-02-08

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