EP0934270A1 - A method of treating cancer - Google Patents
A method of treating cancerInfo
- Publication number
- EP0934270A1 EP0934270A1 EP97927776A EP97927776A EP0934270A1 EP 0934270 A1 EP0934270 A1 EP 0934270A1 EP 97927776 A EP97927776 A EP 97927776A EP 97927776 A EP97927776 A EP 97927776A EP 0934270 A1 EP0934270 A1 EP 0934270A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- methionine
- pyrrolidin
- substituted
- unsubstituted
- aryl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 105
- 102000004357 Transferases Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 108090000992 Transferases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 258
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 240
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 184
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 166
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 137
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 131
- 125000004169 (C1-C6) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 78
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 73
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 72
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 71
- -1 heteroaroyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 70
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 70
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 69
- PFMUCCYYAAFKTH-YFKPBYRVSA-N Gly-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CN PFMUCCYYAAFKTH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 125000000882 C2-C6 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 66
- 125000003601 C2-C6 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 50
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 47
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000005010 perfluoroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 42
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 35
- 125000006376 (C3-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 30
- QEFRNWWLZKMPFJ-ZXPFJRLXSA-N L-methionine (R)-S-oxide Chemical compound C[S@@](=O)CC[C@H]([NH3+])C([O-])=O QEFRNWWLZKMPFJ-ZXPFJRLXSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- UCUNFLYVYCGDHP-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine sulfone Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O UCUNFLYVYCGDHP-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- QEFRNWWLZKMPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-methionine sulphoxide Natural products CS(=O)CCC(N)C(O)=O QEFRNWWLZKMPFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N L-alanine Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(O)=O QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 235000004279 alanine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 23
- DWKPPFQULDPWHX-VKHMYHEASA-N l-alanyl ester Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@H](C)N DWKPPFQULDPWHX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000004923 naphthylmethyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C* 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000005913 (C3-C6) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000003358 C2-C20 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 102200160920 rs35304565 Human genes 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930182817 methionine Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000001038 naphthoyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C(=O)* 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004391 aryl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 101000581118 Homo sapiens Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 102100027610 Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoC Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000005143 heteroarylsulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005002 aryl methyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- GCFAUZGWPDYAJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexyl 3-phenylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=CC(=O)OC1CCCCC1 GCFAUZGWPDYAJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000021045 exocrine pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004209 (C1-C8) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000010507 Adenocarcinoma of Lung Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000031671 Large B-Cell Diffuse Lymphoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010041067 Small cell lung cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- QDVKETOAAQPNNT-ZSXSBBPPSA-N [(3s)-4-[3-amino-2-(naphthalen-2-ylmethylamino)propyl]-3-butylpiperazin-1-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C(=O)N3C[C@@H](N(CC3)CC(CN)NCC=3C=C4C=CC=CC4=CC=3)CCCC)=CC=CC2=C1 QDVKETOAAQPNNT-ZSXSBBPPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000867 larynx Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000005249 lung adenocarcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000004324 lymphatic system Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000006845 reticulosarcoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000029922 reticulum cell sarcoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000000587 small cell lung carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 206010006187 Breast cancer Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000026310 Breast neoplasm Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004648 C2-C8 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004649 C2-C8 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 101000654316 Centruroides limpidus Beta-toxin Cll2 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DSPPCOUSGYJEON-UXHICEINSA-N [(3s)-4-[(2r)-2-amino-4-hydroxybutyl]-3-butylpiperazin-1-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone Chemical compound C1CN(C[C@H](N)CCO)[C@@H](CCCC)CN1C(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 DSPPCOUSGYJEON-UXHICEINSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003435 aroyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 201000008275 breast carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- DIAYPWMZVSBWPH-OIDVLUPKSA-N methyl (2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-1-[(1S)-3-amino-2-oxo-1-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]propyl]-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound COC([C@@H](NC([C@H]1N(CC[C@@H]1CC)[C@@H]([C@H]1NCCC1)C(CN)=O)=O)CCSC)=O DIAYPWMZVSBWPH-OIDVLUPKSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HQFUINJGHRJKJL-DPGDXNODSA-N methyl (2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s,3s)-2-[[2-[3-[(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]imidazol-4-yl]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentyl]-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound N([C@H](CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)OC)CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)[C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)CC1=CN=CN1CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 HQFUINJGHRJKJL-DPGDXNODSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RUZLIIJDZBWWSA-INIZCTEOSA-N methyl 2-[[(1s)-1-(7-methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-4-oxopyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-9-yl)ethyl]amino]benzoate Chemical group COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1N[C@@H](C)C1=CC(C)=CN2C(=O)C=C(N3CCOCC3)N=C12 RUZLIIJDZBWWSA-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000008443 pancreatic carcinoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims 5
- KYHLUUHBVODNHU-LBPRGKRZSA-N (2s)-4-methylsulfanyl-2-(3-phenylpropanoylamino)butanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 KYHLUUHBVODNHU-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RBAAEQRITQHPJM-LURJTMIESA-N N-propanoyl-L-methionine Chemical compound CCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCSC RBAAEQRITQHPJM-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 claims 1
- XSAJRSTXUWYGPC-KGLYDCNGSA-N [(3s)-4-butan-2-yl-3-[(2r)-3-hydroxy-2-[(4-nitrophenyl)methylamino]propyl]piperazin-1-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone Chemical compound N([C@@H](CO)C[C@H]1CN(CCN1C(C)CC)C(=O)C=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XSAJRSTXUWYGPC-KGLYDCNGSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- YUONEWNPBFBBSG-LSYYVWMOSA-N cyclohexyl (2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound N([C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)OC1CCCCC1)C(=O)CN(CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CN YUONEWNPBFBBSG-LSYYVWMOSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- GKUBDIRGMHVTLT-UPVQGACJSA-N ethyl (2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)OCC)C[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CN GKUBDIRGMHVTLT-UPVQGACJSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003630 glycyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- GBDRMPRTNVKBAD-BYPYZUCNSA-N methyl (2s)-2,5-diamino-5-oxopentanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O GBDRMPRTNVKBAD-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- UIHPNZDZCOEZEN-YFKPBYRVSA-N methyl (2s)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCSC UIHPNZDZCOEZEN-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004170 methylsulfonyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004030 farnesyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 abstract 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 50
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 44
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 39
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 34
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 31
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 108010014186 ras Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 26
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 25
- 102000016914 ras Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 25
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 21
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 21
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 18
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 13
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 12
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 12
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 11
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Substances C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid Chemical compound OCC[NH+]1CCN(CCS([O-])(=O)=O)CC1 JKMHFZQWWAIEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000007995 HEPES buffer Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 102000007665 Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 108010007457 Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 101100342473 Drosophila melanogaster Raf gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 108091000080 Phosphotransferase Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 101100523543 Rattus norvegicus Raf1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 101100523549 Xenopus laevis raf1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 101150037250 Zhx2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- 102000020233 phosphotransferase Human genes 0.000 description 8
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 102000043136 MAP kinase family Human genes 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 7
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 125000006239 protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide Substances CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C LMDZBCPBFSXMTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-Proline Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229930182821 L-proline Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 108091054455 MAP kinase family Proteins 0.000 description 6
- JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) Chemical compound CCN(C(C)C)C(C)C JGFZNNIVVJXRND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 6
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N dithiothreitol Chemical compound SC[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CS VHJLVAABSRFDPM-QWWZWVQMSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000026731 phosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006366 phosphorylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 108010077182 raf Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 102000009929 raf Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 6
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 6
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000012321 sodium triacetoxyborohydride Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 description 6
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 108091003079 Bovine Serum Albumin Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 239000006144 Dulbecco’s modified Eagle's medium Substances 0.000 description 5
- KOSRFJWDECSPRO-WDSKDSINSA-N Glu-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O KOSRFJWDECSPRO-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N L-threonine Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-GBXIJSLDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- KOSRFJWDECSPRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-L-glutamyl-L-glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(N)C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O KOSRFJWDECSPRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010511 deprotection reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000013024 dilution buffer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 108010055341 glutamyl-glutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003558 transferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- IHIXIJGXTJIKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium vanadate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O IHIXIJGXTJIKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N β‐Mercaptoethanol Chemical compound OCCS DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Adenosine triphosphate Natural products C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1C1OC(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C1O ZKHQWZAMYRWXGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroacetyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC(Cl)=O VGCXGMAHQTYDJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N Deuterated methanol Chemical compound [2H]OC([2H])([2H])[2H] OKKJLVBELUTLKV-MZCSYVLQSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical class [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003102 growth factor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010647 peptide synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012089 stop solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylsilane Chemical compound CC[SiH](CC)CC AQRLNPVMDITEJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000002260 Alkaline Phosphatase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108020004774 Alkaline Phosphatase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 3
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N L-asparagine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N L-aspartic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O CKLJMWTZIZZHCS-REOHCLBHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102000043276 Oncogene Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108700020796 Oncogene Proteins 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000003704 aspartic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000012131 assay buffer Substances 0.000 description 3
- OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-carboxyaspartic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)C(C(O)=O)C(O)=O OQFSQFPPLPISGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000018417 cysteine Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cysteine Natural products SCC(N)C(O)=O XUJNEKJLAYXESH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KAKKHKRHCKCAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(OP([O-])([O-])=O)C=C1 KAKKHKRHCKCAGH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012091 fetal bovine serum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 3
- MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazolinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CSN1 MGIYRDNGCNKGJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanesulfonyl chloride Chemical compound CS(Cl)(=O)=O QARBMVPHQWIHKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazin-2-one Chemical class O=C1CNCCN1 IWELDVXSEVIIGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 229940048084 pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 125000000719 pyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005932 reductive alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000019491 signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000701447 unidentified baculovirus Species 0.000 description 3
- RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethylamine Chemical compound CC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 RQEUFEKYXDPUSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=CN1 XYHKNCXZYYTLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005273 2-acetoxybenzoic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC(O)=NC2=C1 YEDUAINPPJYDJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloroperbenzoic acid Chemical compound OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 NHQDETIJWKXCTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000936 Agarose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Asparagine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC(N)=O DCXYFEDJOCDNAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Busulfan Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)OCCCCOS(C)(=O)=O COVZYZSDYWQREU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101150041968 CDC13 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 201000009030 Carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010009944 Colon cancer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000001333 Colorectal Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 102100031480 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710146526 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 102000013446 GTP Phosphohydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 101710113436 GTPase KRas Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108091006109 GTPases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000009465 Growth Factor Receptors Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010009202 Growth Factor Receptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 102000004286 Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000895 Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-methionine Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O FFEARJCKVFRZRR-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDBQQVLCIARPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leupeptin Natural products CC(C)CC(NC(C)=O)C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(=O)NC(C=O)CCCN=C(N)N GDBQQVLCIARPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940124647 MEK inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012359 Methanesulfonyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108090000744 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 241000699660 Mus musculus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001213 Polysorbate 20 Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 102000001253 Protein Kinase Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 102100027609 Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoD Human genes 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OITGWZQOTKBNHC-MHAHJAEUSA-N [(3s)-4-[(2r)-2-amino-3-hydroxyheptadecyl]-3-butylpiperazin-1-yl]-naphthalen-1-ylmethanone Chemical compound C1[C@H](CCCC)N(C[C@@H](N)C(O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 OITGWZQOTKBNHC-MHAHJAEUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960001456 adenosine triphosphate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004457 alkyl amino carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004656 alkyl sulfonylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004657 aryl sulfonyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940098773 bovine serum albumin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L caesium carbonate Chemical compound [Cs+].[Cs+].[O-]C([O-])=O FJDQFPXHSGXQBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000024 caesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003857 carboxamides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VXIVSQZSERGHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CCl VXIVSQZSERGHQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010989 colorectal carcinoma Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ent-staurosporine Natural products C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1CC(NC)C(OC)C4(C)O1 HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000002919 epithelial cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010931 ester hydrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108091005640 farnesylated proteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010265 fast atom bombardment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003818 flash chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxybenzotriazole Substances O=C1C=CC=C2NNN=C12 NPZTUJOABDZTLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005457 ice water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002636 imidazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000012742 immunoprecipitation (IP) buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004628 isothiazolidinyl group Chemical group S1N(CCC1)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000021 kinase assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- GDBQQVLCIARPGH-ULQDDVLXSA-N leupeptin Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](NC(C)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C=O)CCCN=C(N)N GDBQQVLCIARPGH-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010052968 leupeptin Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012280 lithium aluminium hydride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012139 lysis buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIFGSPKYNPGXLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methylamino]acetate Chemical compound COC(=O)CNCC1=CC=CC=C1OC LIFGSPKYNPGXLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000025113 myeloid leukemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- STTPMEVACJNPEF-YADHBBJMSA-N n-[[(2r)-2-amino-3-[(2s)-2-butyl-4-(naphthalene-1-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]propyl]sulfanylmethyl]acetamide Chemical compound C1CN(C[C@@H](N)CSCNC(C)=O)[C@@H](CCCC)CN1C(=O)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 STTPMEVACJNPEF-YADHBBJMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C(Cl)=O CTSLXHKWHWQRSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005476 oxopyrrolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YBYRMVIVWMBXKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXRNXXXXHLBUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazine-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)CN1 BXRNXXXXHLBUKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000005936 piperidyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000004481 post-translational protein modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013823 prenylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003528 protein farnesyltransferase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108060006633 protein kinase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 125000004076 pyridyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011535 reaction buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013341 scale-up Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010898 silica gel chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-FYTWVXJKSA-N staurosporine Chemical compound C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1[C@H]1C[C@@H](NC)[C@@H](OC)[C@]4(C)O1 HKSZLNNOFSGOKW-FYTWVXJKSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGPUWJWCVCFERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N staurosporine Natural products C12=C3N4C5=CC=CC=C5C3=C3CNC(=O)C3=C2C2=CC=CC=C2N1C1CC(NC)C(OC)C4(OC)O1 CGPUWJWCVCFERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N streptomycin Chemical compound CN[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@](C=O)(O)[C@H](C)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(N)=N)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O UCSJYZPVAKXKNQ-HZYVHMACSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000006296 sulfonyl amino group Chemical group [H]N(*)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003718 tetrahydrofuranyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002221 trityl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1C([*])(C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[H])[H])[H])[H])[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- WYLYBQSHRJMURN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1CO WYLYBQSHRJMURN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJYHRPNSNINPNZ-JBJRXJHCSA-N (2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-1-[(1S)-3-amino-2-oxo-1-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]propyl]-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound NCC(=O)[C@@H](N1[C@@H]([C@H](CC1)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)[C@H]1NCCC1 IJYHRPNSNINPNZ-JBJRXJHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWNMHLWLTMHZOF-JKQORVJESA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s,3s)-1-[[(2s)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@@H](CC)CCN1C[C@H]1N(C(=O)CN)CCC1 QWNMHLWLTMHZOF-JKQORVJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQTBNSILFYFZJY-UGKGYDQZSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl]-thiophen-2-ylamino]propanoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1N([C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)CN(CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2C=CC=1)C[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CN YQTBNSILFYFZJY-UGKGYDQZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWZWXHDORBTJC-UNMCSNQZSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-1-(2-aminoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O)C[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CN XNWZWXHDORBTJC-UNMCSNQZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRICZMUKYVXXAT-VXKWHMMOSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-1-[3-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O)C[C@H]1N(C(=O)CCC=2N=CNC=2)CCC1 LRICZMUKYVXXAT-VXKWHMMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOXRXVSTFGNURG-VIFPVBQESA-N (2s)-3-amino-2-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)propanoic acid Chemical compound NC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 FOXRXVSTFGNURG-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRKCXMGAZYKTML-PQAGPIFVSA-N (2s)-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CCC1CCN[C@@H]1C(O)=O BRKCXMGAZYKTML-PQAGPIFVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTCCTIQRPGSLPT-ONEGZZNKSA-N (E)-2-pentenal Chemical compound CC\C=C\C=O DTCCTIQRPGSLPT-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOXWUZCRWJWTRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(N)CCCCC1 WOXWUZCRWJWTRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQXXEPZFOOTTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpiperazine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CN1CCNCC1 IQXXEPZFOOTTBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZUMPNUYDJBTNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxybenzotriazole;hydrate Chemical compound O.C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1.C1=CC=C2N(O)N=NC2=C1 JZUMPNUYDJBTNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFGDSGVGRWPQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-1-ium;acetate Chemical class CC(O)=O.C1=CNC=N1 OFGDSGVGRWPQJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWUCIBOKNZGWLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-imidazol-1-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].C1=C[NH+]=CN1 VWUCIBOKNZGWLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSKLHTDOXYIACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-diethoxyethane-1,1-diamine Chemical compound CCOC(C(N)N)OCC VSKLHTDOXYIACD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LWTIGYSPAXKMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydro-1h-imidazole Chemical compound C1NC=CN1 LWTIGYSPAXKMDG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVAKEQGKZNKUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(N)=C1C VVAKEQGKZNKUSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIHPDMGDAXTURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(aziridin-1-ylmethyl)piperazine Chemical class C1CN1CC1CNCCN1 JIHPDMGDAXTURE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazolidone Chemical compound O=C1NCCO1 IZXIZTKNFFYFOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,4-di(pentan-2-yl)phenoxy]acetyl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(C)C1=CC=C(OCC(Cl)=O)C(C(C)CCC)=C1 NGNBDVOYPDDBFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCUYSQDVWMRTAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[3-[4-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl]piperidin-1-yl]propyl]isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N=C(C2CCN(CCCN3C(C4=CC=CC=C4C3=O)=O)CC2)N1 PCUYSQDVWMRTAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWSXZPOJVHHZIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]-3-[1-[(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C(=CC=CN=2)C2CCN(CC=3C=CC(OCC=4C=CC=CC=4)=CC=3)CC2)NC=N1 QWSXZPOJVHHZIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSTRKXWIZZZYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-bromoacetyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC(Br)=O LSTRKXWIZZZYAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMDZDFSUDFLGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2-chloroethyl)ethanamine;hydron;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].ClCC[NH2+]CCCl YMDZDFSUDFLGMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVHTXAYIKBMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxyacetophenone Chemical compound OCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZWVHTXAYIKBMEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006088 2-oxoazepinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004638 2-oxopiperazinyl group Chemical group O=C1N(CCNC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004637 2-oxopiperidinyl group Chemical group O=C1N(CCCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(dimethylamino)propyliminomethylidene-ethylazanium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CCN=C=NCCCN(C)C FPQQSJJWHUJYPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KEKMASMHPIOMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1h-imidazol-4-yl]phenol Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1C1=NC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C(C=2C=C(O)C=CC=2)N1 KEKMASMHPIOMNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJBLUNHMOKFZQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(O)N=NC2=C1 HJBLUNHMOKFZQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMOMYSDAOXOCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methoxy-2-nitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O YMOMYSDAOXOCID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUNMIGXOVQWXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitro-2-phenylchromen-4-one Chemical compound O1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C([N+](=O)[O-])=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 GUNMIGXOVQWXEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUSFCTSUDCCYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzonitrile Chemical compound C1=CC(C#N)=CC=C1CN1C=NC=C1 LUSFCTSUDCCYLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLKVTNJFFBUUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1CN(CC)CCC1C1=NC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N1 XLKVTNJFFBUUOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MLLJGMFEGRJXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-methylsulfanylphenyl)-5-naphthalen-1-yl-1h-imidazol-4-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(SC)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)N1 MLLJGMFEGRJXLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJEKVOJHPYSPSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-4-naphthalen-2-yl-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=C3C=CC=CC3=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 IJEKVOJHPYSPSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAOJVAYDEVIOKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-naphthalen-1-yl-1h-imidazol-4-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(S(=O)C)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 IAOJVAYDEVIOKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IWRRFNAWLGECQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCC1C1=NC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C(C=2C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC=2)N1 IWRRFNAWLGECQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEIMNUYTUJXDSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methylsulfanylphenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound CSC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 WEIMNUYTUJXDSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITRSTUNWYQNBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methylsulfinylphenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound CS(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 ITRSTUNWYQNBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCVJGNCJNHIZPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 SCVJGNCJNHIZPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJHOIAOSQSNDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methylsulfanylphenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound CSC1=CC=CC(C=2NC(=C(N=2)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 OJHOIAOSQSNDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCZEVLEBFONQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methylsulfinylphenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound CS(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2NC(=C(N=2)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 RWCZEVLEBFONQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBLDNAVQCOHUEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC(C=2NC(=C(N=2)C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C1 HBLDNAVQCOHUEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBOAMGVRMOKHNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 XBOAMGVRMOKHNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLRATASOGXHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-piperidin-3-yl-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N=C(C2CNCCC2)N1 KLRATASOGXHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZELGPAUEPBZKBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thiophen-2-yl-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)NC(C=2SC=CC=2)=N1 ZELGPAUEPBZKBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKIRXIXIIDOFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-thiophen-3-yl-1h-imidazol-5-yl]pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC(F)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)NC(C2=CSC=C2)=N1 OKIRXIXIIDOFBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUOHYHBENKFIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)O)CCC1C1=NC(C=2C=CN=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N1 LUOHYHBENKFIFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOLRSQPSJGXRNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-nitrobenzyl bromide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=C(CBr)C=C1 VOLRSQPSJGXRNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010087765 Antipain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010039627 Aprotinin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000004475 Arginine Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyraldehyde Chemical compound CCCC=O ZTQSAGDEMFDKMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Carbamate Chemical compound NC([O-])=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbamic acid Chemical group NC(O)=O KXDHJXZQYSOELW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGMFHMLQOYWYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Compactin Natural products OCC1OC(OC2C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC2Oc3cc(O)c4C(=O)C(=COc4c3)c5ccc(O)c(O)c5)C(O)C(O)C1O VGMFHMLQOYWYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010016626 Dipeptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102220571658 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1_K97A_mutation Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100023266 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710146529 Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101800003838 Epidermal growth factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102400001368 Epidermal growth factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- XDYVHXMYGXMFCY-VIUSTHDZSA-N FC(C(=O)O)(F)F.FC(C(=O)O)(F)F.C(#N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN1C=NC=C1CC(=O)N[C@H](CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)[C@H](CC)C Chemical compound FC(C(=O)O)(F)F.FC(C(=O)O)(F)F.C(#N)C1=CC=C(C=C1)CN1C=NC=C1CC(=O)N[C@H](CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)CC1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)[C@H](CC)C XDYVHXMYGXMFCY-VIUSTHDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100029974 GTPase HRas Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 102100030708 GTPase KRas Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004373 HOAc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101000584633 Homo sapiens GTPase HRas Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 108010044467 Isoenzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N L-isoleucine Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012741 Laemmli sample buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004232 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monacolin X Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229930182555 Penicillin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N Penicillin G Chemical compound N([C@H]1[C@H]2SC([C@@H](N2C1=O)C(O)=O)(C)C)C(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JGSARLDLIJGVTE-MBNYWOFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004160 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000608 Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010038512 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000010780 Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Proline Natural products OC(=O)C1CCCN1 ONIBWKKTOPOVIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010029485 Protein Isoforms Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001708 Protein Isoforms Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010076504 Protein Sorting Signals Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000001788 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010029869 Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000287055 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003436 Schotten-Baumann reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002684 Sepharose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Serine Natural products OCC(N)C(O)=O MTCFGRXMJLQNBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010062 TiCl3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 102000006612 Transducin Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010087042 Transducin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Chemical compound CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZHXEWZGTQSYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [bromo(diphenyl)methyl]benzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Br)C1=CC=CC=C1 NZHXEWZGTQSYJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000021 acetate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004442 acylamino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000010933 acylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005917 acylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- MGSKVZWGBWPBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N aebsf Chemical compound NCCC1=CC=C(S(F)(=O)=O)C=C1 MGSKVZWGBWPBTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003295 alanine group Chemical group N[C@@H](C)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001351 alkyl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002168 alkylating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940100198 alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000006242 amine protecting group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminoazanium;chloride Chemical class Cl.NN BIVUUOPIAYRCAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000427 antigen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000036639 antigens Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091007433 antigens Proteins 0.000 description 1
- SDNYTAYICBFYFH-TUFLPTIASA-N antipain Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@@H](C=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 SDNYTAYICBFYFH-TUFLPTIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004405 aprotinin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N arginine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCCNC(N)=N ODKSFYDXXFIFQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002785 azepinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PXXJHWLDUBFPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzamidine Chemical compound NC(=N)C1=CC=CC=C1 PXXJHWLDUBFPOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004603 benzisoxazolyl group Chemical group O1N=C(C2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004601 benzofurazanyl group Chemical group N1=C2C(=NO1)C(=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004618 benzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CC=C1)(=O)O WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzonitrile Substances N#CC1=CC=CC=C1 JFDZBHWFFUWGJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004619 benzopyranyl group Chemical group O1C(C=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004196 benzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004600 benzothiopyranyl group Chemical group S1C(C=CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- DTCCTIQRPGSLPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Aethyl-acrolein Natural products CCC=CC=O DTCCTIQRPGSLPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004166 bioassay Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZOWIJDBQIHMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanamide Chemical compound CCCC(N)=O.CCCC(N)=O XZOWIJDBQIHMFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004899 c-terminal region Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005907 cancer growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000170 cell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004663 cell proliferation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010307 cell transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZFVNRRWIZWCNRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chembl17346 Chemical compound C1=CC(C(=NO)N)=CC=C1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 ZFVNRRWIZWCNRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003016 chromanyl group Chemical group O1C(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000259 cinnolinyl group Chemical group N1=NC(=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012230 colorless oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013058 crude material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004748 cultured cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002993 cycloalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000151 cysteine group Chemical group N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940009976 deoxycholate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N deoxycholic acid Chemical compound C([C@H]1CC2)[C@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C)[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C1 KXGVEGMKQFWNSR-LLQZFEROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043237 diethanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ISOLMABRZPQKOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl 2-acetamidopropanedioate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(NC(C)=O)C(=O)OCC ISOLMABRZPQKOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004598 dihydrobenzofuryl group Chemical group O1C(CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004582 dihydrobenzothienyl group Chemical group S1C(CC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004597 dihydrobenzothiopyranyl group Chemical group S1C(CCC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- WOKPSXJEBSRSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dihydrobenzothiopyranyl sulfone group Chemical group S1C(CCC2=C1C=CC=C2)S(=O)(=O)C2SC1=C(CC2)C=CC=C1 WOKPSXJEBSRSAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- UXGNZZKBCMGWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylformamide dmf Chemical compound CN(C)C=O.CN(C)C=O UXGNZZKBCMGWAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001177 diphosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J diphosphate(4-) Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O XPPKVPWEQAFLFU-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- NLHWCTNYFFIPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium bis(trimethylsilyl)azanide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C.C[Si](C)(C)[N-][Si](C)(C)C NLHWCTNYFFIPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- UZZWBUYVTBPQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dme dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC.COCCOC UZZWBUYVTBPQIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003828 downregulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003937 drug carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116977 epidermal growth factor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- LHWWETDBWVTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N et3n triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC.CCN(CC)CC LHWWETDBWVTKJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002024 ethyl acetate extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol bis(2-aminoethyl)tetraacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCOCCOCCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O DEFVIWRASFVYLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N etoac etoac Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O.CCOC(C)=O OJCSPXHYDFONPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006126 farnesylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013861 fat-free Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002541 furyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004795 grignard reagents Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009036 growth inhibition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004475 heteroaralkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004408 hybridoma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFNASTYGEKUMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;1h-imidazol-5-ylmethanol;chloride Chemical compound Cl.OCC1=CN=CN1 WFNASTYGEKUMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COQRGFWWJBEXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 2-aminoacetate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)CN COQRGFWWJBEXRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N hydroxymaleic acid group Chemical group O/C(/C(=O)O)=C/C(=O)O UWYVPFMHMJIBHE-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRJKNHOMHKJCEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazol-4-ylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CN=CN1 PRJKNHOMHKJCEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002632 imidazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004693 imidazolium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012133 immunoprecipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003387 indolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001041 indolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N iniprol Chemical compound C([C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H]2CSSC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=4C=CC(O)=CC=4)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=4C=CC=CC=4)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC2=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]2N(CCC2)C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N2[C@@H](CCC2)C(=O)N3)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=2C=CC=CC=2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N1)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZPNFWUPYTFPOJU-LPYSRVMUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031146 intracellular signal transduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003384 isochromanyl group Chemical group C1(OCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004594 isoindolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoleucine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(O)=O AGPKZVBTJJNPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000310 isoleucine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006122 isoprenylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002183 isoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001786 isothiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000005053 lamin Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N lovastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004844 lovastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lovastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C21 QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940101532 meted Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BULHVUSANBRPQC-WBKMXMRLSA-N methyl (2s)-2-[[(2s,3s)-3-ethyl-1-[[(2s)-1-[2-(1h-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)OC)NC(=O)[C@@H]1[C@@H](CC)CCN1C[C@H]1N(C(=O)CC=2N=CNC=2)CCC1 BULHVUSANBRPQC-WBKMXMRLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHUVKYFYROPGF-XCZPVHLTSA-N methyl (2s)-4-methylsulfanyl-2-[[2-[naphthalen-1-ylmethyl-[[(2s)-1-(2-pyridin-3-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]amino]acetyl]amino]butanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)OC)CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)CCN1C(=O)CC1=CC=CN=C1 NKHUVKYFYROPGF-XCZPVHLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYEKJLQAZSGDMI-RNXOBYDBSA-N methyl (2s)-4-methylsulfanyl-2-[[2-[naphthalen-1-ylmethyl-[[(2s)-1-[(2s)-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl]amino]acetyl]amino]butanoate Chemical compound C([C@H]1CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)OC)CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C=CC=2)CCN1C(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 PYEKJLQAZSGDMI-RNXOBYDBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KFOPKOFKGJJEBW-ZSSYTAEJSA-N methyl 2-[(1s,7r,8s,9s,10r,13r,14s,17r)-1,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]acetate Chemical compound C([C@H]1O)C2=CC(=O)C[C@H](O)[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H](CC(=O)OC)[C@@]1(C)CC2 KFOPKOFKGJJEBW-ZSSYTAEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002816 methylsulfanyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])S[*] 0.000 description 1
- AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N mevastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=CCC[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 AJLFOPYRIVGYMJ-INTXDZFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N mevastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CCC=C21 BOZILQFLQYBIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002757 morpholinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 108700024543 mos Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000035772 mutation Effects 0.000 description 1
- OOOBVIKCNDPOAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-chlorophenyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.NCCNC1=CC=CC(Cl)=C1 OOOBVIKCNDPOAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PEECTLLHENGOKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpyridin-4-amine Chemical compound CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1.CN(C)C1=CC=NC=C1 PEECTLLHENGOKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004593 naphthyridinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CN=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012038 nucleophile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011580 nude mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000590 oncogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002246 oncogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002018 overexpression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001715 oxadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940049954 penicillin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 108010091212 pepstatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229950000964 pepstatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FAXGPCHRFPCXOO-LXTPJMTPSA-N pepstatin A Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)C[C@H](O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CC(C)C FAXGPCHRFPCXOO-LXTPJMTPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002824 peroxisome Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003566 phosphorylation assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- IVXQBCUBSIPQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperazine-1-carboxamide Chemical compound NC(=O)N1CCNCC1 IVXQBCUBSIPQGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N piperidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCCN1 XUWHAWMETYGRKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium acetate Chemical compound [K+].CC([O-])=O SCVFZCLFOSHCOH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVJFYCFGCRETAZ-BDYUSTAISA-N propan-2-yl (2s)-2-[[2-[[(2s)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)acetyl]pyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC2=CC=CC=C2C=1CN(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)OC(C)C)C[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)CN(C)C RVJFYCFGCRETAZ-BDYUSTAISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001742 protein purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003373 pyrazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003072 pyrazolidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003226 pyrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005494 pyridonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000714 pyrimidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002294 quinazolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(N=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004620 quinolinyl-N-oxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001567 quinoxalinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=NC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 108700042226 ras Genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006268 reductive amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006798 ring closing metathesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012723 sample buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003345 scintillation counting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000030938 small GTPase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108060007624 small GTPase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium cyanoborohydride Chemical compound [Na+].[B-]C#N BEOOHQFXGBMRKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002415 sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002195 soluble material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003797 solvolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005322 streptomycin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- CLNGMCHUKJFCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-1h-imidazol-2-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC1C1=NC(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)=C(C=2C=CN=CC=2)N1 CLNGMCHUKJFCQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran thf Chemical compound C1CCOC1.C1CCOC1 WHRNULOCNSKMGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003039 tetrahydroisoquinolinyl group Chemical group C1(NCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000147 tetrahydroquinolinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tfa trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006089 thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002769 thiazolinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004589 thienofuryl group Chemical group O1C(=CC2=C1C=CS2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004587 thienothienyl group Chemical group S1C(=CC2=C1C=CS2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001544 thienyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K titanium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)Cl YONPGGFAJWQGJC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011830 transgenic mouse model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000169 tricyclic heterocycle group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylmethyl chloride Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(Cl)C1=CC=CC=C1 JBWKIWSBJXDJDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001665 trituration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003668 tyrosines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001493 tyrosinyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])(N([H])[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N uroanthelone Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1NC=NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]1N(CCC1)C(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O)C(C)C)[C@@H](C)CC)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VBEQCZHXXJYVRD-GACYYNSASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003612 virological effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010626 work up procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D233/64—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms, e.g. histidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/216—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/352—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. methantheline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/4025—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. cromakalim
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4174—Arylalkylimidazoles, e.g. oxymetazolin, naphazoline, miconazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4523—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/454—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pimozide, domperidone
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/47—Quinolines; Isoquinolines
- A61K31/472—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine
- A61K31/4725—Non-condensed isoquinolines, e.g. papaverine containing further heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/496—Non-condensed piperazines containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. rifampin, thiothixene or sparfloxacin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by hetero atoms, attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/09—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms, not forming part of a nitro radical
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/18—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member
- C07D207/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having one double bond between ring members or between a ring member and a non-ring member with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/24—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D207/26—2-Pyrrolidones
- C07D207/273—2-Pyrrolidones with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to other ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/277—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
- C07D207/28—2-Pyrrolidone-5- carboxylic acids; Functional derivatives thereof, e.g. esters, nitriles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/22—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4
- C07D311/26—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3
- C07D311/28—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only
- C07D311/30—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring with oxygen or sulfur atoms directly attached in position 4 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 or 3 with aromatic rings attached in position 2 only not hydrogenated in the hetero ring, e.g. flavones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
- C07D403/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
- C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of treating cancer using a compound which has MEK inhibiting activity and a compound which has famesyl protein transferase inhibiting activity.
- the Ras protein is part of a signalling pathway that links cell surface growth factor receptors to nuclear signals initiating cellular proliferation.
- Biological and biochemical studies of Ras action indicate that Ras functions like a G-regulatory protein.
- Ras In the inactive state, Ras is bound to GDP.
- Ras Upon growth factor receptor activation, Ras is induced to exchange GDP for GTP and undergoes a conformational change.
- the GTP-bound form of Ras propagates the growth stimulatory signal until the signal is terminated by the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras, which returns the protein to its inactive GDP bound form (D.R. Lowy and D.M. Willumsen, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 62:851-891 (1993)).
- Activation of Ras leads to activation of multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the MAP Kinase pathway and the Rho/Rac pathway (Joneson et al, Science 277 :810-812).
- Mutated ras genes are found in many human cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, and myeloid leukemias.
- the protein products of these genes are defective in their GTPase activity and constitutively transmit a growth stimulatory signal.
- Ras must be localized to the plasma membrane for both normal and oncogenic functions. At least 3 post-translational modifications are involved with Ras membrane localization, and all 3 modifications occur at the C-terminus of Ras.
- the Ras C-terminus contains a sequence motif termed a "CAAX” or "Cys-Aaa ⁇ -Aaa ⁇ -Xaa” box (Cys is cysteine, Aaa is an aliphatic amino acid, the Xaa is any amino acid) (Willumsen et al., Nature 370:583-586 (1984)).
- this motif serves as a signal sequence for the enzymes farnesyl-protein transferase or geranylgeranyl-protein transferase, which catalyze the alkylation of the cysteine residue of the CAAX motif with a C 15 or C20 isoprenoid, respectively.
- the Ras protein is one of several proteins that are known to undergo post-translational modification.
- Farnesyl-protein transferase utilizes famesyl pyrophosphate to covalently modify the Cys thiol group of the Ras CAAX box with a famesyl group (Reiss et ai, Cell, 62:81 -88 (1990); Schaber et al, J. Biol. Chem., 265: 14701-14704 (1990); Schafer et al., Science, 249:1133-1 139 (1990); Manne et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 57:7541-7545 (1990)).
- farnesylated proteins include the Ras-related GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, fungal mating factors, the nuclear lamins, and the gamma subunit of transducin. James, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14182 (1994) have identified a peroxisome associated protein Pxf which is also farnesylated. James, et ai, have also suggested that there are farnesylated proteins of unknown structure and function in addition to those listed above.
- FPTase farnesyl-protein transferase
- the first class includes analogs of famesyl diphosphate (FPP), while the second is related to protein substrates (e.g., Ras) for the enzyme.
- FPP famesyl diphosphate
- the peptide derived inhibitors that have been described are generally cysteine containing molecules that are related to the CAAX motif that is the signal for protein prenylation. (Schaber et al., ibid; Reiss et. al., ibid; Reiss et al., PNAS, 55:732-736 (1991)).
- Such inhibitors may inhibit protein prenylation while serving as alternate substrates for the farnesyl-protein transferase enzyme, or may be purely competitive inhibitors (U.S. Patent 5,141,851 , University of Texas; N.E. Kohl et al., Science, 260:1934-1937 (1993); Graham, et al., 7. Med. Chem., 37, 725 (1994)).
- Ki-Ras can be farnesylated or geranylgeranylated in vitro (James et al, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6221-6226 (1995)). This effect may contribute to the resistance of certain cell lines containing activated Ki-ras- to treatment with farnesyl- protein transferase inhibitors (E.C. Lerner et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26770-26773 (1995); G. James et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93, 4454- 4458 (1996)).
- MEK inhibiting compounds in general inhibit the phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues on ERK which occurs naturally in the Map kinase pathway as a result of many diverse extracellular stimuli.
- Many oncogenes and growth factors including ras , raf, epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, activate the MEK signal transduction pathway.
- cancers where the MEK pathway is implicated therefore include cancers where these oncogenes and growth factors are proposed to play a role, including cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx and lung. More particularly, such examples include histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancers. More particularly, such cancers include pancreatic and breast carcinoma.
- a MEK inhibiting compound and a famesyl protein transferase (FPTase) inhibitor are used in the present invention to inhibit the growth of cancer cells that are resistant to inhibition by FPTase
- a method of treating cancer is disclosed which is comprised of administering to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment an amount of a MEK inhibiting compound and an amount of a famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound which are effective to treat cancer.
- the present invention relates to a method of treating cancer which is comprised of admininstering to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a MEK inhibiting compound and an effective amount of a famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound.
- a MEK inhibiting compound Any compound which inhibits MEK and any compound which inhibits famesyl protein transferase can be used.
- MEK inhibiting is used in the general sense to relate to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the MEK cascade or the proteins produced in response thereto.
- the term is used to refer to compounds which inhibit or antagonize the activity of the enzyme Map/Erk kinase, or the gene coding Map/Erk kinase.
- famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound is likewise used in the general sense and refers to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the gene coding famesyl protein transferase or the protein produced in response thereto.
- Cancers which are treatable in accordance with the inven ⁇ tion described herein include cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx, liver and lung. More particularly, such cancers include histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancers. Additional examples include cancers in which overexpression or activation of Raf-activating oncogenes (e.g., K-ras, erb-B) is observed. More particularly, such cancers include pancreatic, mammary and salivary carcinomas, colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma and myeloid leukemias. Examples of compounds which inhibit MEK are as follows:
- famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compounds include the following:
- Rla and R l D are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R 10 O-, R l lS(0) m -, R 1 0C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N02, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C (O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2, or Rl l ⁇ C(O)NR 10 -, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R 10 ⁇ -, Rl lS(0) m -, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R10) 2 N-C(NR 10
- R 2 and R3 are independently selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted Ci -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle,
- substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
- aryl or heterocycle unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkyl, b) (CH2)pOR6, c) (CH2)pNR6R7, d) halogen,
- R 2 and R3 are attached to the same C atom and are combined to form (CH2)u - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0) m , -NC(O)-, and -N(COR 10 )- ; R4 and R5 are independently selected from H and CH3;
- R 2 , R3, R ⁇ and R ⁇ are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
- R6, R7 and R?a are independently selected from: H; Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkoxy, b) aryl or heterocycle, c) halogen, d) HO,
- R6 and R ⁇ may be joined in a ring;
- R7 and R?a may be joined in a ring;
- R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R l OO-, R ⁇ S(0) m -, R 10 c(O)NR 10 -, CN, NO2, R 10 c(O)-, R lO ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(Rl O) 2 , or Rl lOC(O)NR 10.
- R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 10 C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N ⁇ 2, (R 10 )2N-C-(NR 10 )., R 10 c(O
- R 10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl and aryl;
- Rl 1 is independently selected from Cl -C ⁇ alkyl and aryl
- V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle, c) aryl, d) C1-C2O alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C2O alkenyl, provided that V is not hydrogen if Al is S(0)m and V is no. hydrogen if Al is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(0) m ;
- W is a heterocycle
- RK Rib, RIO, Rl l , m , R2, R3, R6, R7, p , R7a, u> R8, Al, A2, V, W, X, n, p, r, s, t and u are as defined above with respect to formula (11-a);
- R4 is selected from H and CH3;
- R 2 , R3 and R4 are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
- R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) alkenyl, alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R lOO-, Rl lS(0)n ⁇ -, R 10 C(O)NR l0-, CN, N ⁇ 2,
- G is H2 or O
- Z is aryl, heteroaryl, arylmethyl, heteroarylmethyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: 1 ) Cl -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl-4 alkoxy, b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO, f) -S(0) m R6, or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
- Rla, Ri b, RlO, Rl l , m, R2, R3, R6, R 7, p , u , R 7a, R8, A l , A2, V, W, X, n, r and t are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R 4 is selected from H and CH3; and any two of R 2 , R3 and R4 are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
- Z is aryl, heteroaryl, arylmethyl, heteroarylmethyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following:
- Cl -4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkoxy, b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO, f) -S(0)mR 6 , or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
- s 1 ;
- R 1 1 , V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
- Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
- R 2 a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0) m -, R 10 C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N3, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R lO ⁇ C(O)-, -N(R lO)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR 10 -, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N ⁇ 2, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R lO ⁇ C(O)-, N3, N(R 10 ) 2 , or Rl lOC
- R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R lO) 2 , N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0) m -, R 1°C(0)NR 10-,
- R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, N(R 10 ) 2 , N02, Rl°0-, RHS(0)m-, R 10 C(O)NR l0-, CN, (R l O) 2 N-C(NR 10 )-, R lOc(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 ) 2 , Rl 1OC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl,
- R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0) m , -NC(O)-, and -N(COR 10 )- ;
- R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
- R7b i selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cyclo
- R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 10 C(O)NRl 0-, CN, N ⁇ 2, R 1 0 2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR 10 -, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, R l 1 S(0) m -, R 10 C(0)NH-,
- R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F,
- R 10 is independently selected from H, Cl -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
- Z is independently H2 or O
- Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
- R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R 10 O-, RH S(0) m -, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, -N(Rl O)2, or
- R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br,
- R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C l -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, N(R 10 )2, N02, R 1 0 O-, RHS(0)m-, Rl°C(0)NR 10 -, CN, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2, R1 1OC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d)
- R5a and R5b are combined to form - (Cll2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0) m , -NC(O)-, and -N(COR 10 )- ;
- R6 is a) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -Ctf alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cyclic amine, wherein the substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or cyclic amine is substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from: 1) C1-C6 alkyl,
- R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
- R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloal
- R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-Q0 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, Rl Oo-,
- R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, Rl l S(0) m -, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N ⁇ 2, (R 10 )2N-C-(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 ) 2 , or Rl l ⁇ C(O)NR 10 -, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, RH S(0) m -, Rl 0 C(O)NR 10 -, CN,
- R 10 is independently selected from H, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
- Rl 2 is hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Rl3 is C1 -C6 alkyl
- Z is independently H2 or O
- Rl l, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula
- Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
- R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R !0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N3, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R I 0 OC(O)-, -N(R 10 ) 2 , or
- R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R lO)2, N ⁇ 2, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0) m -, R! 0C(O)NR 10-,
- R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
- R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cyclo
- R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R l Oo-, R ⁇ S(0)m-, R 10 C(0)NR l O-, CN, N02, Rl°2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 ) 2 , or Rl lOC(O)NR 10 -, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, R l lS(0) m -, R 10 C(0)NH-
- R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F,
- R 10 is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
- Rl 2 is hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Rl3 is C1-C6 alkyl
- Z is independently H2 or O
- Rl l, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R 1 a and R 1 b are independently selected from : a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R 10 O-, R l ⁇ (O ⁇ -, R 10 C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N02, (R 1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3,
- R2a and R 2 b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R 10 O-, RHS(0) m -, R !0C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R 10 ) 2 N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, -N(R 10 )2, or Rl lOC(O)NR 10 -, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R 10 O-, RHS(0) m -, R 10 C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N ⁇ 2, (R 10 ) 2 N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 ) 2 or R1 10C(0)NR 1°-,
- R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
- R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- X-Y is
- R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
- R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloal
- R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0) m -, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02, Rl ⁇ 2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10) 2 , or Rl l ⁇ C(O)NR 10 -, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0) m -, R 10 C(0)NH-
- R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl,
- R 10 is independently selected from H, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
- Rl 2 is hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Rl3 is C1 -C6 alkyl
- Z is independently H2 or O
- Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l, Al, A 2 , V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br,
- R 2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 10 ⁇ -,
- R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 ) 2 , N ⁇ 2, R 10 O-, Rl l S(0) m -, R10C(O)NR 10-,
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or Cl -C6 alkyl
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- Rla, Rib, R 8, R9, RIO, Rl 1 , Al , A 1 , V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R 2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl,
- C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 )2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl l S(0)m-, R 10 C(O)NR 10 -, CN, (R 10 ) 2 N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2, RH OC(O)NR 10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
- R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R2 or R3 are combined with R ⁇ to fo ⁇ n a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 10 O-, Rl l S(0) m -, R 10 C(O)NR l0 ⁇ , CR N3, (R1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R 10 C(O)-, Rl°OC(0)-, -N(R 10 )2, or RHOC(O)NR 10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R 10 O-, Rl l S(0) ⁇ r, R 10 C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N02, (R l O)2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R10) 2 or R l l ⁇ C(O)NR 10 -, and d) C1
- R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2O alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 )2, N02, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0) m -, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-,
- R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0) m , -NC(O)-, and -N(COR 10 )- ;
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Rl 2 is a) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, wherein the substituent on the alkyl or cycloalkyl is selected from:
- Rl3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl
- Rl4 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- R la, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl 1 , Al , A 2 , V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R 2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C l -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 )2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0) m -, R1°C(0)NR 10-, CN, (R 10 )2N-C(NR lO)-, R l Oc(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-,
- R 2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R 2 or R3 are combined with R6 to fo ⁇ n a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 1 °0-,
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l , A l , A 2 , V, W, m, n, p, and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
- C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 )2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0) m -, R!0C(O)NR10_, CN, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2, R! 1 OC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
- R 2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R2 or R3 are combined with R ⁇ to form a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R l O()-, RHS(0) m -, R!0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N3, (R10) 2 N-C(NR 10)-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, -N(R 10 )2, or RH ⁇ C(O)NR 10 -, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R 10 O-, Rl lS(0) m -, R 10 C(0)NR lO-, CN, N ⁇ 2, (R 10 ) 2 N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 c(O)-, R lO ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2 or RHOC(O)NR10-, and d) C1-C
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl 1 , Al , A*, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 )2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl l S(0) m -, Rl 0 C(O)NR l0-,
- R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R 2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 10 O-, R u S(0)m-, Rl°C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N3, (Rl°)2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, -N(R 10 ) 2 , or RH ⁇ C(O)NR 10 -, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R 10 O-, Rl l S(0) m -, R 10 C(O)NR 10 -, CN, NO2,
- R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br,
- R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0) m , -NC(O)-, and -N(COR 10 )- ;
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l, Al , A 2 , V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 ) 2 , N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0) m -, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10) 2 N-C(NR10)-,R10C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2, RllOC(O)NR 10 - and C1-C20 alkyl, and d) C1
- R 2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R 2 or R3 are combined with R6 to fo ⁇ n a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, Rl°0-, RllS(0) m -, R10C(O)NR!0-, CN, N3, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, -N(R10) 2 , OI RHOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R 10 O-, RllS(0) m -, R ⁇ C ⁇ NR 1 ⁇ -, CN, N02,
- R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl,
- C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 )2, N ⁇ 2, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R! 0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R 10 c(O)-, R lO ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2, Rl lOC(O)NR 10 - and Q-C20 alkyl, d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
- R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0) m , -NC(O)-, and -N(COR 10 )- ;
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Rl 2 is a) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C8 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, wherein the substituent on the alkyl or cycloalkyl is selected from: 1 ) aryl,
- Rl3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl
- Rl4 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, RI 1, A l , A*, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R 10 )2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0) m -, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10) 2 N-C(NR10)-, R 10 c(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, N3, -N(R 10 )2, Rl lOC(O)NR 10 - an d C1 -C20 alkyl, and d
- R 2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R 2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R l°0-, R n S(0) m -, Rl °C(O)NR 10 -, CN, N3, (R 1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, -N(R 10 )2, or Rl 10C(0)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R 10 O-, R 1 !S(0) m -, Rl°C(O)NR 10 -, CN, NO2, (R 10 )2N-C(NR lO)-, Rl °C(0)-, Rl °OC(0)-, N3, -N(Rl°)2, or RH OC(O)NR 10-, and d) C1
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l , Al , A 2 , V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
- R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C] -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
- R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
- R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
- R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R lOO-, Rl lS(O) m -, R 10 C(O)NR l0-, CN, N3, (R 10 )2N-C(NR 10 )-, R 10 C(O)-, R 10 ⁇ C(O)-, -N(R lO)2, or R l lOC(O)NR 10 -, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R lOO-, Rl lS(0) m -, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02,
- R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl
- Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
- X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
- Raf Specific compounds which antagonize Raf include the following: 4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-buty ⁇ ester;
- Examples of compounds which antagonize or inhibit famesyl protein transferase include the following:
- MEK inhibiting compounds an example of a published MEK inhibiting compound is PD-098059, published in JL Biol. Chem. 270: 27489 (1995) and J. Biol. Chem. 270: 13585 (1995), inco ⁇ orated herein by reference.
- heterocycle or heterocyclic represents a stable 5- to 7- membered monocyclic or stable 8- to 1 1 -membered bicyclic or stable 1 1 -15 membered tricyclic heterocycle ring which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring.
- the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure.
- heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydro-benzothienyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl, dihydrobenzothio-pyranyl sulfone, furyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, mo ⁇ holinyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazol
- Substituted alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the substituted portions of aralkyl, aralkoxy, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkoxy and like groups are substituted with from 1 -3 groups selected from the group consisting of: halo, hydroxy, cyano, acyl, acyiamino, aralkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and sulfonylamino.
- substituted aryl substituted heterocycle
- substituted cycloalkyl are intended to include the cyclic group which is substituted with 1 or 2 substitutents selected from the group which includes but is not limited to F, Cl, Br, CF3, NH2, N(Q -C6 alkyl)2, N ⁇ 2, CN, (Ci -C ⁇ alkyl)0-, -OH, (C1 -C6 alkyl)S(0)m-, (C1 -C6 alkyl)C(0)NH-, H2N-C(NH)-, (C1 -C6 alkyl)C(O)-, (C1 -C6 alkyl)OC(O)-, N3,(Ci -C6 alkyl)OC(0)NH- and C1-C2O alkyl.
- heterocycloalkyl and “heterocyclyl” refer to a cycloalkyl group (nonaromatic) in which one of the carbon atoms in the ring is replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S(0)y or N, and in which up to three additional carbon atoms may be replaced by said heteroatoms. When three heteroatoms are present in the heterocycle, they are not all linked together.
- heterocyclyls are piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolinyl, piperazinyl, pyrolidine-2- one, piperidine-2-one and the like.
- Acyl as used herein refers to -C(0)Ci- 6 alkyl and -C(O)- aryl.
- Acylamino refers to the group -NHC(0)Ci-6 alkyl and -NHC(0)aryl.
- Aralkoxy refers to the group -OC i-6 alkylaryl.
- Alkylsulfonyl refers to the group -SO2C1-6 alkyl.
- Alkylsulfonylamino refers to the group -NHS02Ci-6alkyl.
- Arylsulfonylamino refers to the group -NHS02aryl.
- Alkylaminocarbonyl refers to the group -C(0)NHC ⁇ _ 6 alkyl.
- Aryloxy refers to the group -O-aryl.
- Aralkoxy refers to the group -O-Ci -6 alkylaryl.
- Sulfonylamino refers to the group -NHSO3H.
- Halo means Cl, F, Br and I selected on an independent basis.
- the ring may also be heterocyclic as defined above.
- amino acids which are disclosed are identified both by conventional 3 letter and single letter abbreviations as indicated below:
- the compounds used in the present method may have asymmetric centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual diastereomers, with all possible isomers, including optical isomers, being included in the present invention.
- named amino acids are understood to have the natural "L" stereoconfiguration
- cyclic amine moiety having 5 or 6 members in the ring, such a cyclic amine which may be optionally fused to a phenyl or cyclohexyl ring.
- a cyclic amine moiety include, but are not limited to, the following specific structures:
- substitution on the cyclic amine moiety by R ⁇ a and R2b may be on different carbon atoms or on the same carbon atom.
- cyclic moieties are formed.
- examples of such cyclic moieties include, but are not limited to:
- cyclic moieties as described hereinabove for R3 and R4 are formed.
- such cyclic moieties may optionally include a heteroatom(s). Examples of such heteroatom-containing cyclic moieties include, but are not limited to:
- any substituent or variable e.g., R lO, Z, n, etc.
- -N(R 10 )2 represents -NHH, -NHCH3, -NHC2H5, etc.
- substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds of the instant invention can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide compounds that are chemically stable and that can be readily synthesized by techniques known in the art as well as those methods set forth below.
- the compounds of formulas (Il-a) through (Il-k) can be synthesized from their constituent amino acids by conventional peptide synthesis techniques, and the additional methods described below.
- TFA Trifluoroacetic acid
- THF Tetrahydrofuran
- compositions may be prepared from the active ingredients in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
- Non-toxic salts include conventional non-toxic salts or quarternary ammonium salts formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
- Non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention as formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids.
- such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like: and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenyl-acetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxy-benzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention can be synthesized from the compounds of this invention which contain a basic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, the salts are prepared by reacting the free base with stoichiometric amounts or with an excess of the desired salt- forming inorganic or organic acid in a suitable solvent or various combinations of solvents.
- the pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized by conventional chemical methods. Generally, the salts are prepared by reacting the free base or acid with stoichiometric amounts or with an excess of the desired salt- forming inorganic or organic acid or base, in a suitable solvent or solvent combination.
- the famesyl transferase inhibitors of formula (Il-a) through (ITc) can be synthesized in accordance with reaction schemes 1 -16, in addition to other standard manipulations such as ester hydrolysis, cleavage of protecting groups, etc., as may be known in the literature or exemplified in the experimental procedures.
- Substituents R a and Rb, as shown in the Schemes, represent the substituents R ⁇ , R3, R4, and R ; however their point of attachment to the ring is illustrative only and is not meant to be limiting.
- These reactions may be employed in a linear sequence to provide the compounds of the invention or they may be used to synthesize fragments which are subsequently joined by the alkylation reactions described in the Reaction Schemes.
- Boc -protected amino acids I available commercially or by procedures known to those skilled in the art, can be coupled to N-benzyl amino acid esters using a variety of dehydrating agents such as DCC (dicyclohexycarbodiimide) or EDC-HC1 (1-ethyl- 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride) in a solvent such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, or in dimethylformamide.
- dehydrating agents such as DCC (dicyclohexycarbodiimide) or EDC-HC1 (1-ethyl- 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride) in a solvent such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, or in dimethylformamide.
- the product II is then deprotected with acid, for example hydrogen chloride in chloroform or ethyl acetate, or trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride, and cyclized under weakly basic conditions to give the diketopiperazine III.
- acid for example hydrogen chloride in chloroform or ethyl acetate, or trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride
- Reduction of III with lithium aluminum hydride in refluxing ether gives the piperazine IV, which is protected as the Boc derivative V.
- the N-benzyl group can be cleaved under standard conditions of hydrogenation, e.g., 10% palladium on carbon at 60 psi hydrogen on a Parr apparatus for 24-48 h.
- the product VI can be treated with an acid chloride, or a carboxylic acid under standard dehydrating conditions to furnish the carboxamides VII.
- intermediate VIII (Scheme 2).
- Intermediate VIII can be reductively alkylated with a variety of aldehydes, such as IX, prepared by standard procedures, such as that described by O. P. Goel, U. Krolls, M. Stier and S. Kesten in Organic Syntheses. 1988, 67, 69-75, from the appropriate amino acid (Scheme 3).
- the reductive alkylation can be accomplished at pH 5-7 with a variety of reducing agents, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride, in a solvent such as dichloroethane, methanol or dimethylformamide.
- the product X can be deprotected to give the final compounds XI with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride.
- the final product XI is isolated in the salt form, for example, as a trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride or acetate salt, among others.
- the product diamine XI can further be selectively protected to obtain XII, which can subsequently be reductively alkylated with a second aldehyde to obtain XIII. Removal of the protecting group, and conversion to the cyclized product such as the dihydroimidazole XV, can be accomplished by literature procedures.
- the trityl protecting group can be removed from XVI to give XVII, or alternatively, XVI can first be treated with an alkyl halide then subsequently deprotected to give the alkylated imidazole XVIII.
- the intermediate VIII can be acylated or sulfonylated by standard techniques.
- the imidazole acetic acid XIX can be converted to the acetate XXI by standard procedures, and XXI can be first reacted with an alkyl halide, then treated with refluxing methanol to provide the regiospecifically alkylated imidazole acetic acid ester XXII.
- Hydrolysis and reaction with piperazine VIII in the presence of condensing reagents such as 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- 3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) leads to acylated products such as XXIV.
- the piperazine VIII is reductively alkylated with an aldehyde which also has a protected hydroxyl group, such as XXV in Scheme 6, the protecting groups can be subsequently removed to unmask the hydroxyl group (Schemes 6, 7).
- the alcohol can be oxidized under standard conditions to e.g. an aldehyde, which can then be reacted with a variety of organometallic reagents such as Grignard reagents, to obtain secondary alcohols such as XXIX.
- the fully deprotected amino alcohol XXX can be reductively alkylated (under conditions described previously) with a variety of aldehydes to obtain secondary amines, such as XXXI (Scheme 7), or tertiary amines.
- the protected amino alcohol XXVII can also be utilized to synthesize 2-aziridinylmethylpiperazines such as XXXII (Scheme 8). Treating XXVII with l ,l '-sulfonyldiimidazole and sodium hydride in a solvent such as dimethylformamide leads to the formation of aziridine XXXII.
- the aziridine reacts in the presence of a nucleophile, such as a thiol, in the presence of base to yield the ring-opened product XXXIII.
- Piperazine VIII can be reacted with an aldehyde derived from an amino acid, such as an O-alkylated tyrosine, to obtain compounds such as XXXIX.
- R' is an aryl group
- XXXIX can first be hydrogenated to unmask the phenol, and the amine group - I l l -
- XXXDC deprotected with acid to produce XL.
- the amine protecting group in XXXDC can be removed, and O-alkylated phenolic amines such as XLI produced.
- N-Aryl piperazines can be prepared as described in Scheme 1 1.
- An aryl amine XLV is reacted with bis -chloroethyl amine hydrochloride (XLVI) in refluxing n -butanol to furnish compounds XLVII.
- the resulting piperazines XLVII can then be carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
- Piperazin-5-ones can be prepared as shown in Scheme 12. Reductive amination of protected amino aldehydes XLIX (prepared from I as described previously) gives rise to compound L. This is then reacted with bromoacetyl bromide under Schotten-Baumann conditions. Ring closure is effected with a base, such as sodium hydride, in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide, to give LI. The carbamate protecting group is removed under acidic conditions, such as trifluoro ⁇ acetic acid in methylene chloride or hydrogen chloride gas in methanol or ethyl acetate, and the resulting piperazine can then be carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
- a base such as sodium hydride
- a polar aprotic solvent such as dimethylformamide
- the isomeric piperazin-3-ones can be prepared as described in Scheme 13.
- the imine formed from arylcarboxamides LII and 2- aminoglycinal diethyl acetal (LIII) can be reduced under a variety of conditions, including sodium triacetoxyborohydride in dichloroethane, to give the amine LIV.
- Amino acids I can be coupled to amines LIV under standard conditions, and the resulting amide LV when treated with aqueous acid in tetrahydrofuran can cyclize to the unsaturated LVI.
- Catalytic hydrogenation under standard conditions gives the requisite intermediate LVII, which is elaborated to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
- Access to alternatively substituted piperazines is described in Scheme 14.
- N-benzyl piperazine V can be acylated with an aryl carboxylic acid.
- the resulting N-benzyl aryl carboxamide LIX can be hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to give the piperazine carboxamide LX which can then be carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
- Reaction Scheme 15 provides an example of the synthesis of compounds wherein the substituents R ⁇ and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)u -•
- 1 -aminocyclohexane-l -carboxylic acid LXI can be converted to the spiropiperazine LXVI essentially according to the procedures outlined in Schemes 1 and 2.
- the piperazine inter ⁇ mediate LXIX can be deprotected as before, and carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
- the aldehyde XLIX from Scheme 12 can also be reductively alkylated with an aniline as shown in Scheme 16.
- the product LXXI can be converted to a piperazinone by acylation with chloroacetyl chloride to give LXXII, followed by base-induced cyclization to LXXIII.
- Deprotection, followed by reductive alkylation with a protected imidazole carboxaldehyde leads to LXXV, which can be alkylation with an arylmethylhalide to give the imidazolium salt LXX VI.
- famesyl transferase inhibitors can also be synthesized in accordance with the general reaction schemes in addition to other standard manipulations such as ester hydrolysis, cleavage of protecting groups, etc., in accordance with WO 96/10035 published on April 4, 1996, incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the disclosure contained therein, some alternative reactions are set forth below.
- Step A l -triphenylmethyl-4-(hvdroxymethylVimidazole
- 4-(hydroxymethyl)imidazole hydrochloride 35.0 g, 260 mmol
- triethylamine 90.6 mL, 650 mmol
- a white solid precipitated from the solution.
- Chlorotriphenylmethane (76.1 g, 273 mmol) in 500 mL of DMF was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 hours, poured over ice, filtered, and washed with ice water. The resulting product was slurried with cold dioxane, filtered, and dried in vacuo to provide the titled product as a white solid which was sufficiently pure for use in the next step.
- Step B l-triphenylmethyl-4-facetoxymethv ⁇ -imidazole
- Step C l -(4-cvanobenzvD-5-(acetoxymethv ⁇ -imidazole hydrobromide
- the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a volume 100 mL, reheated at 60°C for another two hours, cooled to room temperature, and concentrated in vacuo to provide a pale yellow solid. All of the solid material was combined, dissolved in 500 mL of methanol, and warmed to 60°C. After two hours, the solution was reconcentrated in vacuo to provide a white solid which was triturated with hexane to remove soluble materials. Removal of residual solvents in vacuo provided the titled product hydrobromide as a white solid which was used in the next step without further purification.
- Step D l -(4-cyanobenzylK5-(r ⁇ ydroxymethyl)-imidazole
- Step E l -f4-cvanobenzylV5-irnidazolecarboxaldehvde
- Step F (S)-2-(fm-butoxycarbonylammo)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-4-
- Step G (S)-2-( ⁇ rNbutoxycarbonylamino)-4-(methylthio)butanal
- a suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (5.02 g, 0.132 mol) in ether (500 mL) was stirred at room temperature for one hour.
- the solution was cooled to -50°C under nitrogen, and a solution of the product from Step F (39.8 g, ca. 0.120 mol) in ether (200 mL) was added over 30 min, maintaining the temperature below -40°C.
- the reaction was warmed to 5°C, then recooled to -45°C. Analysis by tic revealed incomplete reaction.
- the solution was re warmed to 5°C, stirred for 30 minutes, then cooled to -50°C.
- Step H £S)-2-( ⁇ rr-butoxycarbonyIamino)-/V-(3-chlorophenyl)-4- (methylthio)butanamine
- Step I (S)-4-(ter/-butoxycarbonyl)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-
- Step J (S)-4-(terr-butoxy carbonyl)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-5-f 2-
- Step K (S)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-
- Step L (S)-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-l l -(4- cyanobenzyl)imidazolylmethyl
- Step A N-(3-chlorophenyl)ethylenediamine hydrochloride To a solution of 3-chloroaniIine (30.0 mL, 284 mmol) in 500 mL of dichloromethane at 0°C was added dropwise a solution of 4 N HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane (80 mL, 320 mmol HCl). The solution was warmed to room temperature, then concentrated to dryness in vacuo to provide a white powder. A mixture of this powder with 2-oxazolidinone (24.6 g, 282 mmol) was heated under nitrogen atmosphere at 160°C for 10 hours, during which the solids melted, and gas evolution was observed. The reaction was allowed to cool, forming the crude diamine hydrochloride salt as a pale brown solid.
- Step B -V-(ter/-butoxycarbonyl)-/V'-(3- chlorophenyOethylenediamine
- Step A The amine hydrochloride from Step A (ca. 282 mmol, crude material prepared above) was taken up in 500 mL of THF and 500 mL of sat. aq. NaHC ⁇ 3 soln., cooled to 0°C, and ⁇ i-tert- butylpyrocarbonate (61.6 g, 282 mmol) was added. After 30 h, the reaction was poured into EtOAc, washed with water and brine, dried (Na2S ⁇ 4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the titled carbamate as a brown oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
- Step C /V-[2-(re ⁇ -butoxycarbamoyl)ethylJ-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2 I chloroacetamide
- Step D 4-(/ ⁇ ?r/-butoxycarbonyl)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-2- piperazinone
- Step E l -(3-chlorophenyl)-2-piperazinone
- Step F l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[l -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazolylmethyl]-
- Step A 2-Methoxybenzylglycine methyl ester
- 2-Methoxybenzyl alcohol 53.5 g, 0.39 mol was dissolved in CH2CI2 (200 mL), treated with diisopropylethylamine (81 mL, 0.74 mol), cooled to 0°C. with stirring in an ice-CH3 ⁇ H bath under Ar, and treated dropwise with methanesulfonyl chloride (33 mL, 0.43 mol). After 0.5 hr, the reaction mixture was left to warm to ambient tempera- ture and stirred for 4 hr.
- Step B N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpy ⁇ Olidinyl-methyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycine methyl ester
- Step C N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpyrrolidinyl-methyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyPglycine
- Step D Methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)methionine (25 g, 0.1 mol), isopropyl alcohol (1 1.8 mL, 0.15 mol), EDC (21.1 g, 0.1 1 mol), and 4-dimethyl- aminopyridine (DMAP) (1.22 g, 0.01 mol) were dissolved in CH2CI2 (400 mL) with stirring in an ice-water bath. After 2 h the bath was removed, and the solution was left to stir o.n. at RT.
- DMAP 4-dimethyl- aminopyridine
- N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)methionine isopropyl ester (20.5 g, 0.07 mol) was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL) with stirring and cooling to -20°C in a dry ice- acetone bath. HCl gas was bubbled into the solution for 10 min, the flask was stoppered and stirred for 1 h. Tic (EtOAc: hexane, 1 :3) indicates loss of starting material. Argon was bubbled through the soln for 5 min, then it was concentrated to dryness to give the title compound as a white solid.
- Step E N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpyrrolidinyl-methyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzvPglvcyl-methionine isopropyl ester
- Step F N-((2S)-PyrrolidinyImethyl )-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-glycyl- methionine isopropyl ester bis hydrochloride
- Step G N-[l -(lH-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethyl]-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
- N-((2S)-Pyrrolidinylmethyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl methionine isopropyl ester bis hydrochloride (0.800 g, 1.53 mmol), dissolved in DMF (30 mL), was treated with l H-imidazol-4-propionic acid (0.43 g, 3.05 mmol) (prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of urocanic acid in 20% acetic acid with Pd on carbon), and BOP reagent (1.35 g, 3.05 mmol).
- the pH was adjusted to 7.5 with N-methyl- morpholine (0.756 mL, 6.89 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h.
- Step A Diethyl l -Acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2,2- dicarboxylate
- Step B Diethyl 1 -Acetyl-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2.2-dicarbox ylate
- diethyl l -acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-ethyl- pyrrolidine-2,2-dicarboxylate 287 g, 0.95 mol
- triethylsilane 228 mL, 1.43 mol
- CH2CI2 3 L
- trifluoroacetic acid 7.35 mL, 9.53 mol
- Step D N-[(/er/-Butyloxy)carbonyll-c/ ⁇ v:/ra/ ⁇ -3-ethylproline methyl ester
- 3-Ethylproline hydrochloride (Cis:Trans Mixture) (20 g, 0.1 1 mol) was dissolved in CH3OH (200 mL), and the solution was saturated with HCl gas, then stirred at 23°C for 24 h. Argon was bubbled through the solution to remove excess HCl. The solution was treated with NaHC ⁇ 3 (>84 g) to a pH of 8, then di-/e/ /-butyl dicarbonate (25.1 g, 0.1 15 mol) dissolved in CH3OH (20 mL) was added slowly. After stirring for 18 h at 23°C, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate concentrated, and the residue triturated with EtOAc, filtered again, and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil.
- Step E N-[(?er/-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-/ra/7 ⁇ -3-ethylproline and
- N-[(/er/-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-/ra/2.v-3-ethylproline (15.5 g, 0.064 mol), S- ⁇ -methylbenzylamine (9.03 mL, 0.070 mol), HOBT (10.73 g, 0.70 mol), and N-mefhylmorpholine (8 mL, 0.076 mol) were dissolved in CH2CI2 (150 mL) with sitrring in an ice-H2 ⁇ bath, treated with EDC (13.4 g, 0.070 mol) stirred at 23°C for 48 h.
- N-[(/w-Butyloxy) carbonyl-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-proline was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL) and the solution was saturated with HCl gas with cooling in an ice-H2 ⁇ bath. The solution was stoppered and stirred at 0 n C. for 3 hr. Argon was bubbled through the solution to remove excess HCl, and the solution was concentrated to dryness to give 3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-proline hydrochloride.
- Step G N-(t-Buty loxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1J-3(S)- ethyl-proline
- 3(S)-Ethyl-2(S)-proline hydrochloride (2.33 g, 0.013 mol) was dissolved in CH3OH (20 mL), treated with 3A molecular sieves (2 g) and KOAc (1.27 g, 0.013 mol) to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture to 4.5-5, then N-[(fer/-Butyloxy)carbonyl-prolinal (Pettit et al., J. Org. Chem. (1994) 59, [211 6287-95) (3.36 g, 0.017 mol) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hrs at room temperature.
- reaction mixture was filtered, quenched with aq satd NaHC ⁇ 3 (5 mL) and concentrated to dryness. The residue was extracted with CHCI3. The extract was dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound and inorganic salts.
- Step H N-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-3(S)- ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester
- Step I Pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride
- N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester 1.38 g, 0.0028 mol
- EtOAc 40 mL
- EtOAc 40 mL
- HCl gas saturated with HCl gas
- Concentration to dryness gave pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethyl- prolyl methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride.
- Step K Preparation of l -(Triphenylmethyl)-l H-imidazol-4- ylacetic acid methyl ester
- Step L Preparation of H -(4-Cyanobenzyl)- l H-imidazol-5-yllacetic acid methyl ester
- the precipitated imidazolium salts were combined, suspended in methanol ( 100 ml) and heated to reflux for 30min. After this time, the solvent was removed in vacuo, the resulting residue was suspended in EtOAc (75ml) and the solid isolated by filtration and washed (EtOAc). The solid was treated with sat aq NaHC ⁇ 3 (300ml) and CH2CI2 (300ml) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hr.
- Step M Preparation of [ l -(4-cyanobenzyl)- l H-imidazol-5-yl]acetic acid
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a method of treating cancer which comprises administering to a mammalian patient a compound which inhibits MEK and a compound which inhibits farnesyl protein transferase.
Description
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
A METHOD OF TREATING CANCER
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method of treating cancer using a compound which has MEK inhibiting activity and a compound which has famesyl protein transferase inhibiting activity.
The Ras protein is part of a signalling pathway that links cell surface growth factor receptors to nuclear signals initiating cellular proliferation. Biological and biochemical studies of Ras action indicate that Ras functions like a G-regulatory protein. In the inactive state, Ras is bound to GDP. Upon growth factor receptor activation, Ras is induced to exchange GDP for GTP and undergoes a conformational change. The GTP-bound form of Ras propagates the growth stimulatory signal until the signal is terminated by the intrinsic GTPase activity of Ras, which returns the protein to its inactive GDP bound form (D.R. Lowy and D.M. Willumsen, Ann. Rev. Biochem. 62:851-891 (1993)). Activation of Ras leads to activation of multiple intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the MAP Kinase pathway and the Rho/Rac pathway (Joneson et al, Science 277 :810-812).
Mutated ras genes are found in many human cancers, including colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma, and myeloid leukemias. The protein products of these genes are defective in their GTPase activity and constitutively transmit a growth stimulatory signal.
Ras must be localized to the plasma membrane for both normal and oncogenic functions. At least 3 post-translational modifications are involved with Ras membrane localization, and all 3 modifications occur at the C-terminus of Ras. The Ras C-terminus contains a sequence motif termed a "CAAX" or "Cys-Aaa ^-Aaa^-Xaa" box (Cys is cysteine, Aaa is an aliphatic amino acid, the Xaa is any amino acid) (Willumsen et al., Nature 370:583-586 (1984)). Depend¬ ing on the specific sequence, this motif serves as a signal sequence for the enzymes farnesyl-protein transferase or geranylgeranyl-protein
transferase, which catalyze the alkylation of the cysteine residue of the CAAX motif with a C 15 or C20 isoprenoid, respectively. (S. Clarke., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 67 :355-386 (1992); W.R. Schafer and J. Rine, Ann. Rev. Genetics 30:209-237 (1992)). The Ras protein is one of several proteins that are known to undergo post-translational modification. Farnesyl-protein transferase utilizes famesyl pyrophosphate to covalently modify the Cys thiol group of the Ras CAAX box with a famesyl group (Reiss et ai, Cell, 62:81 -88 (1990); Schaber et al, J. Biol. Chem., 265: 14701-14704 (1990); Schafer et al., Science, 249:1133-1 139 (1990); Manne et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, 57:7541-7545 (1990)). Other farnesylated proteins include the Ras-related GTP-binding proteins such as Rho, fungal mating factors, the nuclear lamins, and the gamma subunit of transducin. James, et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 14182 (1994) have identified a peroxisome associated protein Pxf which is also farnesylated. James, et ai, have also suggested that there are farnesylated proteins of unknown structure and function in addition to those listed above.
Indirect inhibition of farnesyl-protein transferase in vivo has been demonstrated with lovastatin (Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ) and compactin (Hancock et al., ibid; Casey et al., ibid; Schafer et al., Science 245:379 (1989)). These drugs inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the rate limiting enzyme for the production of polyisoprenoids includ¬ ing famesyl pyrophosphate. Inhibition of famesyl pyrophosphate biosynthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase blocks Ras membrane localization in cultured cells. However, direct inhibition of farnesyl- protein transferase would be more specific and attended by fewer side effects than would occur with the required dose of a general inhibitor of isoprene biosynthesis.
Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase (FPTase) have been described in two general classes. The first class includes analogs of famesyl diphosphate (FPP), while the second is related to protein substrates (e.g., Ras) for the enzyme. The peptide derived inhibitors that have been described are generally cysteine containing molecules that are related to the CAAX motif that is the signal for protein prenylation.
(Schaber et al., ibid; Reiss et. al., ibid; Reiss et al., PNAS, 55:732-736 (1991)). Such inhibitors may inhibit protein prenylation while serving as alternate substrates for the farnesyl-protein transferase enzyme, or may be purely competitive inhibitors (U.S. Patent 5,141,851 , University of Texas; N.E. Kohl et al., Science, 260:1934-1937 (1993); Graham, et al., 7. Med. Chem., 37, 725 (1994)).
Inhibition of farnesyl-protein transferase has been shown to block the growth of rαs-transformed cells and to modify other aspects of their transformed phenotype. It has also been demonstrated that certain inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase selectively block the process¬ ing of the Ras oncoprotein intracellularly (N.E. Kohl et al., Science, 260:1934-1937 (1993) and G.L. James et al., Science, 260:1937-1942 (1993). Recently, it has been shown that an inhibitor of farnesyl-protein transferase blocks the growth of ra.v-dependent tumors in nude mice (N.E. Kohl et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci U.S.A ., 97 :9141 -9145 (1994)) and induces regression of mammary and salivary carcinomas in ras transgenic mice (N.E. Kohl et ai, Nature Medicine, 1 :792-797 (1995)).
Other studies suggest that isoprenylation of certain isoforms of Ras is resistant to treatment with farnesyl-protein transferase inhibitors. For example, Ki-Ras can be farnesylated or geranylgeranylated in vitro (James et al, J. Biol. Chem. 270, 6221-6226 (1995)). This effect may contribute to the resistance of certain cell lines containing activated Ki-ras- to treatment with farnesyl- protein transferase inhibitors (E.C. Lerner et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270, 26770-26773 (1995); G. James et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 93, 4454- 4458 (1996)).
Resistance to the growth inhibitory properties of famesyl protein transferase inhibitors has been associated with the absence of down-regulation of the MAP kinase pathway (L. Sepp-Lorenzino et al, Cancer Res. 55, 5302-5309 (1995)). Certain isozymes of the Map/ERK kinases (MEK's) are components of the canonical MAP kinase cascade, which also contains Raf and ERK (M.H. Cobb et al., J. Biol. Chem. 270 14843-12846 (1995)). This cascade is initiated by activated Ras, which binds directly to Raf, resulting in Raf's activation. The activated Raf
then phosphorylates and activates MEK, which in turn phosphorylates and activates ERK.
MEK inhibiting compounds in general inhibit the phosphorylation of threonine and tyrosine residues on ERK which occurs naturally in the Map kinase pathway as a result of many diverse extracellular stimuli. Many oncogenes and growth factors, including ras , raf, epidermal growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, activate the MEK signal transduction pathway. Examples of cancers where the MEK pathway is implicated therefore include cancers where these oncogenes and growth factors are proposed to play a role, including cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx and lung. More particularly, such examples include histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancers. More particularly, such cancers include pancreatic and breast carcinoma.
A MEK inhibiting compound and a famesyl protein transferase (FPTase) inhibitor are used in the present invention to inhibit the growth of cancer cells that are resistant to inhibition by
FPTase inhibitors alone.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A method of treating cancer is disclosed which is comprised of administering to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment an amount of a MEK inhibiting compound and an amount of a famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound which are effective to treat cancer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of treating cancer which is comprised of admininstering to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a MEK inhibiting compound and an effective amount of a famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound. Any compound which inhibits MEK and any compound which inhibits famesyl protein transferase can be used.
As used herein the term "MEK inhibiting" is used in the general sense to relate to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the MEK cascade or the proteins produced in response thereto. In particular, the term is used to refer to compounds which inhibit or antagonize the activity of the enzyme Map/Erk kinase, or the gene coding Map/Erk kinase.
The term famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound is likewise used in the general sense and refers to compounds which antagonize, inhibit or counteract the activity of the gene coding famesyl protein transferase or the protein produced in response thereto.
Cancers which are treatable in accordance with the inven¬ tion described herein include cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx, liver and lung. More particularly, such cancers include histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancers. Additional examples include cancers in which overexpression or activation of Raf-activating oncogenes (e.g., K-ras, erb-B) is observed. More particularly, such cancers include pancreatic, mammary and salivary carcinomas, colorectal carcinoma, exocrine pancreatic carcinoma and myeloid leukemias. Examples of compounds which inhibit MEK are as follows:
Examples of famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compounds include the following:
(a) a compound represented by formula (Il-a) through (II-c):
wherein with respect to formula (Il-a):
(ll-a)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rla and Rl D are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, R l lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R 10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10θ-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR 10)., R lOc(O)-, R lOoC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)-NR l0_;
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: H; unsubstituted or substituted Ci -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle,
wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
1 ) aryl or heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkyl, b) (CH2)pOR6, c) (CH2)pNR6R7, d) halogen,
2) C3-6 cycloalkyl,
3) OR6,
4) SR6, S(0)R6, S02R6,
R2 and R3 are attached to the same C atom and are combined to form (CH2)u - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R4 and R5 are independently selected from H and CH3;
and any two of R2, R3, R^ and R^ are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
R6, R7 and R?a are independently selected from: H; Ci-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkoxy, b) aryl or heterocycle, c) halogen, d) HO,
f) — S02R1 1 , or g) N(R10)2; or
R6 and R^ may be joined in a ring; R7 and R?a may be joined in a ring;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R l OO-, RπS(0)m-, R10c(O)NR10-, CN, NO2,
R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(Rl O)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10., and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10ø-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R10QC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C-(NR10)., R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(R10)2, or RHOC(0)NR1°-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, RHS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or RHθC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl and aryl;
Rl 1 is independently selected from Cl -Cβ alkyl and aryl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -CΞC-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, -NRIOC(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, -S(O)2N(R10)-,
-N(R10)S(0)2-, or S(0)m;
V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle, c) aryl, d) C1-C2O alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C2O alkenyl, provided that V is not hydrogen if Al is S(0)m and V is no. hydrogen if Al is a bond, n is 0 and A2 is S(0)m;
W is a heterocycle;
X is -CH2-, -C(=0)-, or -S(=0)m-;
Yis aryl, heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more \ of:
1) Cl-4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with a) Cl-4 alkoxy, b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO, f) -S(0)mR6, or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
2) aryl or heterocycle,
3) halogen,
4) OR6-
5) NR6R7,
6) CN,
7) N02,
8) CF3;
9) -S(0)mR6,
10) -C(0)NR6R7, or
11) C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
m is 0,1 or 2; nis 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; pis 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; s is Oor l; tis Oor 1; and u is 4 or 5;
with respect to formula (Il-b):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
RK Rib, RIO, Rl l , m, R2, R3, R6, R7, p, R7a, u> R8, Al, A2, V, W, X, n, p, r, s, t and u are as defined above with respect to formula (11-a);
R4 is selected from H and CH3;
and any two of R2, R3 and R4 are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) alkenyl, alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R lOO-, Rl lS(0)nτ-, R10C(O)NR l0-, CN, Nθ2,
(R 10)2N-C-(NR 10)-, R 10C(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or RHOC(O)NR l0-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, RIOC(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(R10)2, or Rl 1OC(O)NR10-;
G is H2 or O;
Z is aryl, heteroaryl, arylmethyl, heteroarylmethyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: 1 ) Cl -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl-4 alkoxy,
b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO, f) -S(0)mR6, or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
2) aryl or heterocycle,
3) halogen,
4) OR6,
5) NR6R7,
6) CN,
7) N02,
8) CF3;
9) -S(0)mR6,
10) -C(0)NR6R7, or
1 1 ) C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
with respect to formula (II-c):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rla, Ri b, RlO, Rl l , m, R2, R3, R6, R7, p, u, R7a, R8, Al , A2, V, W, X, n, r and t are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R4 is selected from H and CH3;
and any two of R2, R3 and R4 are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
G is O;
Z is aryl, heteroaryl, arylmethyl, heteroarylmethyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following:
1 ) Cl -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkoxy, b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO, f) -S(0)mR6, or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
2) aryl or heterocycle,
3) halogen,
4) OR°> 5) NR6R7,
6) CN,
7) N02,
8) CF3;
9) -S(0)mR6, 10) -C(0)NR6R7, or
11) C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
and
s is 1 ;
(b) a compound represented by formula (Il-d) through (Il-g):
wherein with respect to formula (Il-d):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
R1 1, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, R l ^(O)™-, R l0C(O)NR10-, CN, N02, (Rl°)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R l lOC(O)NR10-, c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, R HS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR l0-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)-NR l0-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, -N(R lO)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3,
N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-, and d) Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R lO)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 1°C(0)NR 10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR lO)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3- ClO cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, N(R10)2, N02, Rl°0-, RHS(0)m-,
R10C(O)NR l0-, CN, (R l O)2N-C(NR10)-, R lOc(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl 1OC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, d) C l -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl,
c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NRl 0-, CN, Nθ2, R 1 02N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6
alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R l 1S(0)m-, R10C(0)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R10θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F,
Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R! 0C(O)NR10-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C-(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(0)NR 10-, and c) Cl-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl ] S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, Cl -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -0=.C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R lO)-, -S(0)2N(R lO)-, -N(R10)S(O)2-, or S(O)m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1;
with respect to formula (II -e):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rl !, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (H-a);
Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
C2-C6 alkynyl, R*0O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR 1°-, CN, N02,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl 10C(0)NR10-, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R !°C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, Rl OC(O)-, R l°OC(0)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or RHθC(O)-NR10-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, RH S(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(Rl O)2, or
Rl lOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02,
(R10)2N-C(NR lO)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br,
N(R10)2, N02, R10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R10c(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, R1 lOC(O)NR l0- and C1 -C2O alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C l -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group,
wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, N(R10)2, N02, R 1 0O-, RHS(0)m-, Rl°C(0)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, R1 1OC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (Cll2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R6 is a) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -Ctf alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cyclic amine, wherein the substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or cyclic amine is substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from: 1) C1-C6 alkyl,
2) aryl,
3) heterocycle,
4) -N(Rl l )2,
5) -OR10, or b)
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl,
c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-Q0 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, Rl Oo-,
Rl lS(0)m-, Rl°C(0)NR l °-, CN, N02, R 1°2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-Q0 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R10θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F,
Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C-(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, RH S(0)m-, Rl0C(O)NR10-, CN,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R l lθC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
Rl2 is hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Rl3 is C1 -C6 alkyl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, -S(O)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(O)2-, or S(O)m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1 ;
with respect to formula (Il-f):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rl l, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula
(H-a);
Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02, (Rl°)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or RHθC(0)NR10-, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl l θC(O)-NR10-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R !0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R I 0OC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or
Rl lOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, R l lS(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R l lOC(O)NR ' 0-, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or
ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R lO)2, Nθ2, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R! 0C(O)NR 10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, R l lOC(O)NR10- and Q -C20 alkyl, and d) Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R l Oo-, RπS(0)m-, R10C(0)NR l O-, CN, N02, Rl°2N-C(NR10)-,
R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R l lS(0)m-, R10C(0)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R l0θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F,
Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C-(NR 10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl,
F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R l0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R 11 OC(0)NR 10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
Rl2 is hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Rl3 is C1-C6 alkyl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C≡C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R lO)-, -S(0)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(0)2-, or S1 -m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5;
t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1;
with respect to formula (Il-g):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rl l, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
R 1 a and R 1 b are independently selected from : a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, R l ^(O^-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02, (R 1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(R 10)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)NR 10-, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10oC(O)-, N3,
-N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)-NR10-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, RHS(0)m-, R !0C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-,
c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, RHS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or R1 10C(0)NR 1°-, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R lO)2, N02, R 10O-, R l ] S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR l0-, CN, (R l0)2N-C(NR10)-, R l0c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R l O)2, R l 1 OC(O)NR 10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle,
d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02, Rlθ2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(0)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(Rl°)2, or R10θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl,
F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl !S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02, (R10)2N-C-(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(Rl°)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, and
c) Cl-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, RHS(0)m-, R1 0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
Rl2 is hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Rl3 is C1 -C6 alkyl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NRl 0-, -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R lO)-, -S(0)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(O)2-, or S(O)m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1 ;
(c) a compound represented by formula (Il-h) through (Il-k):
wherein with respect to formula (u-h):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l, Al, A2, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br,
N(R lO)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl l S(0)m-, R ]0c(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R l 0c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR l0- and C1 -C2O alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 10θ-,
RUS(0)m-, R10C(0)NR lO-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR lO)-, R lOC(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or RHθC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(0)NR lO-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, Nθ2, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR 10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(0)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR l0- and Q -C20 alkyl, d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or Cl -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
s IS 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1;
with respect to formula (Il-i):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl 1 , Al , A1, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid,
b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, RH OC(O)NR 10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R^ to foπn a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR l0~, CR N3, (R1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10C(O)-, Rl°OC(0)-, -N(R10)2, or RHOC(O)NR 10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)πr, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02, (R l O)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or R l l θC(O)NR10-, and
d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C 10 cycloalkyl;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2O alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, RHOC(O)NR 10- and C1-C2O alkyl, d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Rl2 is a) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, wherein the substituent on the alkyl or cycloalkyl is selected from:
1) aryl,
2) heterocycle,
3) -N(Rl l)2,
4) -OR10, or
Rl3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl;
Rl4 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1;
with respect to formula (Il-j):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
R la, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl 1 , Al , A2, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from:
a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C l -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R1°C(0)NR 10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR lO)-, R l Oc(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, Rl l OC(O)NR l 0- and C1 -C2O alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to foπn a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 1 °0-,
RπS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR l0-, CN, N3, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R l O)2, or R l lOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R l OO-, R1 JS(0)m-, Rl°C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10 C(0)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2 or RH θC(O)NR l0-, and
d) Cl-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1;
with respect to formula (II -k):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l , A l , A2, V, W, m, n, p, and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid,
b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10_, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, R! 1 OC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R^ to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R l O()-, RHS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or RHθC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(0)NR lO-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or RHOC(O)NR10-, and
d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1 ;
and (d) a compound represented by formula (H-l) through (II-o):
wherein with respect to formula (II-l):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl 1 , Al , A*, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl l S(0)m-, Rl0C(O)NR l0-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR l O)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl l OC(O)NR l0- and C1 -C2O alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen,
b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R10O-, RuS(0)m-, Rl°C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (Rl°)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or RHθC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or R l l OC(O)NR10-, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br,
N(R lO)2, Nθ2, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R !0C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR lO)-, R I OQO)-, R l OoC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR l 0- and C1 -C20 alkyl, d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
s IS 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1 ;
with respect to formula (Il-m):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l, Al , A2, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group,
wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-,R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, RllOC(O)NR10- and C1-C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to foπn a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, Rl°0-, RllS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR!0-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, OI RHOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, RllS(0)m-, R^C^NR1^-, CN, N02,
(R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R 1 OQO)-, R 1 OθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or Rl lθC(0)NR 10., and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C 10 cycloalkyl;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid,
b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, Nθ2, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R! 0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and Q-C20 alkyl, d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Rl2 is a) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C8 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, wherein the substituent on the alkyl or cycloalkyl is selected from: 1 ) aryl,
2) heterocycle,
3) -N(Rl l)2,
4) -OR 10, or
Rl3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl;
Rl4 is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1 ;
with respect to formula (Il-n):
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, RI 1, Al , A*, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group,
wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R l°0-, RnS(0)m-, Rl °C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R 1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or Rl 10C(0)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, R1 !S(0)m-, Rl°C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR lO)-, Rl °C(0)-, Rl °OC(0)-, N3, -N(Rl°)2, or RH OC(O)NR 10-, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1 ;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l , Al , A2, V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C] -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R lO)2, NO2, Rl°0-, Rl lS(0)m-, Rl°C(O)NR10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(Rl O)2, Rl l OC(O)NR10- and C1 -C2O alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R lOO-, Rl lS(O)m-, R10C(O)NR l0-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R lO)2, or R l lOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R lOO-, Rl lS(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOoC(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2 or Rl l θC(O)NR l0-, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1.
Specific compounds which antagonize Raf include the following: 4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-buty\ ester;
4-[4-fluorophenyl)-3-pyridin-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-l-acetyl-piperidine;
3-[5-(4-fluorophenyI)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-piperidine-l - carboxylic acid ter f -butyl ester;
3-[4-fluorophenyl)-3-pyridin-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-l -acetyl-piperidine; and
4-benzyl-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl-l H-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid /ert-butyl ester. 4-[5-(4-fluorophenyI)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-piperidine;
4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yI]-l-methyl- piperidine;
4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-l H-imidazol-2-yl]-l-benzyl- piperidine;
4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-l -ethyl- piperidine;
4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-ρiperidine;
4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-l -methyl- pipe ridine;
2-(4-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin- 1 -y 1 } -butyl)-isoindole- 1 ,3-dione;
2-(5- {4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin-l-yl } -pentyl)-isoindole-l ,3-dione;
2-(6-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-l H-imidazoI-2-yl]- piperidin-l -yl }-hexyl)-isoindole-l ,3-dione;
4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-ylJ-l -benzyl- piperidine;
2-(5-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- l H-imidazol-2-ylJ- piperidin-l-yl}-pentyl)-2,3-dihydro-isoindol-l -one ditrifluoroacetic acid salt;
4-(4-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-l H-imidazol-2-yI]- piperidin- 1 -y 1 } -ethyl)-pyridine;
2-(5-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin-1 -yl } -pentyl)-l ,1 -dioxobenzofd]isothiazol-3-one;
2-(4-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin-1 -yl } -butyl)- 1 , 1 -dioxobenzo[d]isothiazoI-3-one;
2-amino- 1 - { 5-[4-(3,4-dichloropheny l)-4-pyridin-4-y 1- 1 H-imidazol-2- yl]-piperidin-l -yl }-ethanone dihydrochloride;
4-[5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- 1 H-imidazol-2-yl]- 1 -methyl- piperidine;
3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- lH-imidazol-2-yl]-piperidine-l- carboxylic acid tert-butyl ester;
3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- 1 H-imidazol-2-yl]-piperidine:
3-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- l H-imidazol-2-yl]-l -methyl- piperidine;
4-[5-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- l H-imidazol-2-yl]-l ,4-dimethyl- piperidine;
4-benzyl-f4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yI- l H-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidine-1 -carboxylic acid tert-buty\ ester;
4-benzyl-14-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-pyridin-4-yl- l H-imidazol-2-ylJ- piperidine;
4- { 5-(3,4-dichloropheny l)-2-l 1 -(2-phenylethyl )-piperidin-4-yl]- 1 H- imidazol-4-yl }-pyridine;
4-{5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-[ l -(3-phenylpropyl)-piperidin-4-yl]-lH- imidazoI-4-yl } -pyridine;
2-(6-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- l H-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin- 1 -y 1 } -hexyl)- 1 , 1 -dioxobenzo[ d ] isothiazol -3 -one;
2-(3-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- l H-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin-1-yl ) -propyl)- l ,l -dioxobenzo[d]isothiazol-3-one;
4-(5-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl- l H-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin-l -yl-methyl }-imidazol-l -yl-methyI)-benzonitrile;
4-[2-[ 1 -(4-benzyloxybenzyl)-piperidin-4-yl-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 H- imidazol-4-yl-pyridine;
2-(3-{4-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-pyridin-4-yl-lH-imidazol-2-yl]- piperidin- 1 -yl } -propyl)-isoindole- 1 ,3-dione;
4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazol-2-yl]benzamidoxime;
4-(l-naphthyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(l -naphthyl)-2-(4-methylthiophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(2-naphthyl)-2-(4-methylthiophenyl)-5-(4-ρyridyl)imidazole;
4-(2-naphthyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-thiophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-thiophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methylthiophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(3-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methylthiophenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(2-methylsulfonylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-l -methy 1-5 -(4-pyridyl) imidazole;
4-(4-fluoropheny l)-2-(4-methylsulfiny lphenyl)- 1 -(N- morpholinopropyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylthiophenyl)- l-(N-morpholinopropyl)-5- (4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsuIfonylphenyl)- 1 -(N-morpholino- propyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)- 1 -(methylthio- 1 -propyl)-2-([4-N- moφholinomethyl]phenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole;
4-(4-fluorophenyl)- 1 -(methylsulfinyl- 1 -propyl)-2-([4-N- moφholinomethyl]phenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole; and
4-(4-fluorophenyI)-l -(methy lsulfony 1-1 -propyl)-2-([4-N- moφholinomethyl]phenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)imidazole.
Examples of compounds which antagonize or inhibit famesyl protein transferase include the following:
2(S)-Butyl- 1 -(2,3-diaminoprop- 1 -yl)- 1 -( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -(3-Amino-2-(2-naphthylmethylamino)prop- 1 -y l)-2(S)-buty l-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-Butyl- 1 - { 5-[ 1 -(2-naphthy lmethyl)]-4,5-dihydroimidazol } methy 1-4- (1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
l-[5-(l -Benzylimidazol)methyl]-2(S)-butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 - { 5-[ 1 -(4-nitrobenzyl)]imidazolylmethyl } -2(S)-buty l-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -(3-Acetamidomethylthio-2(R)-aminoprop- 1 -yl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-Butyl-l -[2-(l -imidazolyl)ethyl]sulfonyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(R)-Butyl-l -imidazolyl-4-methyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-Butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -(3-pyridy Imethy l)piperazine;
l -2(S)-butyl-(2(R)-(4-nitrobenzyl)amino-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -(2(R)- Amino-3-hydroxyheptadecyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- piperazine;
2(S)-Benzy 1- 1 -imidazoly l-4-methyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl )piperazine;
1 -(2(R)- Amino-3-(3-benzy lthio)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
l-(2(R)-Amino-3-[3-(4-nitrobenzylthio)propyl])-2(S)-butyl-4-(l naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-Butyl- 1 -l(4-imidazolyl)ethy l]-4-( 1 -naphthoy l)piperazine;
2(S)-Butyl-l -[(4-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-Butyl-l-[(l-naphth-2-ylmethyl)- lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-Butyl-l -[(l-naphth-2-ylmethyl)-l H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyll-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
l-(2(R)-Amino-3-hydroypropyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
l-(2(R)-Amino-4-hydroxybutyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
l-(2-Amino-3-(2-benzyloxyphenyl)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l naphthoyl)piperazine;
l -(2-Amino-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l- naphthoyl)piperazine;
l -[3-(4-imidazolyl)propyl|-2(S)-butyl-4-( l -naphthoyl)-piperazine;
2(S)-«-Buty l-4-(2,3-dimethy lpheny 1)- 1 -(4-im idazolylmethyl)- piperazin-5-one;
2(S)-/?-Butyl-l-[l -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethylJ-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)piperazin-5-one;
l-[l-(4-Cyanobenzyi)imidazol-5-ylmethylj-4-(2.3-dimethylphenyl)- 2(S)-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-5-one;
2(S)-n-Butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)- 1 -[ 1 -( 1 -naphthy Imethy l)imidazol-5- ylmethyl]-piperazine;
2(S)-n-Butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)- 1-[ 1 -(2-naphthy lmethyl)imidazol-5- ylmethylj-piperazine;
2(S)-n-Butyl- 1 -[ 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol -5-y Imethy l]-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-n-Butyl-l -[ 1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)imidazoI-5-ylmethyl]-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-/2-ButyI-l -[l -(3-methyl-2-butenyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-π-Butyl- 1 -[ 1 -(4-fluorobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethylJ-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-/ι-Butyl-l-[ l-(4-chlorobenzyl)imidazol-5-y Imethy l]-4-(l- naphthoyl)piperazine;
l-[ l -(4-Bromobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-2(S)-/7-butyl-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-n-Butyl-4-(l-naphthoyI)- l -[ l -(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)imidazol-5- y Imethy l]-piperazine;
2(S)-/ϊ-Butyl-l-[l -(4-methylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(l - naphthoyl)-piperazine;
2(S)-«-Butyl-l-[l -(3-methylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-( l - naphthoyl)-piperazine;
1 -11 -(4-Phenylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl ]-2(S)-π-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyI)-piperazine;
2(S)-/t-Butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)- 1 -[ 1 -(2-phenylethyl)imidazol-5-ylmethy I]- piperazine;
2(S)-n-Butyl-4-(l-naphthoyl)-l -[l -(4-trifluoromethoxy)imidazol-5- ylmethyl]piperazine;
1 - { [ 1 -(4-cyanobenzy 1)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y 1] acetyl } -2(S)-/7.-buty l-4-( 1 naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 - { 5-[ 1 -(4-nitrobenzyl)]imidazolylmethyl } -2(S)-butyI-4-(l ■ naphthoyl)piperazine
l -[5-(l-Benzylimidazol)methyl]-2(S)-butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine
l -(2(R)-Amino-3-(3-benzylthio)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l naphthoyl)piperazine
l-(2(R)-Amino-3-[3-(4-nitrobenzylthio)propyll)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-n-Buty 1- 1 -[ 1 -(4-cy anobenzy l)imidazol-5 -y Imethy 1 ] -4-( 1 ■ naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-/2-Butyl-l-fl-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)piperazin-5-one
2(S)-n-Butyl- 1 -[ 1 -(4-chlorobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmcthyl]-4-( 1 naphthoyl)piperazine
l-{ [l-(4-cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl]acetyl } -2(S)-/?-butyl-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine
l -[l-(4-Cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)- 2(S)-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-5-one
CH,
N-[ 1 -(4-Imidazoleacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy 1 ] -N-( 1 ■ naphthy lmethyOglycylmethionine
N-[l -(4-Imidazoleacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthy 1- methyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(2(S),3-Diaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(2(S),3-Diaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-(l- naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(3-Aminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N- [ 1 -(3- Aminopropiony l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl ]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(2(S)-Amino-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthy Imethy l)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(2(S)-Amino-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- ylmethyl]-N-(l-naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(3-Amino-2(S)-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthy Imethy l)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(3-Amino-2(S)-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(L-Glutaminyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)- y Imethy I] -N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(L-Glutaminyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)- y Imethy 1]-N-(1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(L-Histidyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine ;
N-[ 1 -(L-Histidyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethy l]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-l 1 -(D-Histidyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethy l)glycy 1-methionine;
N-[l-(D-Histidyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(L-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycy 1-methionine;
N-[l -(L-PyrogIutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester ;
2(S)-[l -(2(S)-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(S)-[ 1 -(2(S)-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-[l -(2(S)-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-yImethyloxy]-3- phenylpropiony 1-methionine isopropyl ester;
2(S)-[l-(lH-Lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropiony 1-methionine;
2(S)-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-[ 1 -(2(S)-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyloxyl-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine sulfone;
2(S)-[l-(2(S)-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine sulfone methyl ester;
2(S)-[ 1 -(Pyrid-3-ylcarboxy)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(S)-[l-(Pyrid-3-ylcarboxy)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)-{2-[l -(Naphth-2-yl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetylJpyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy } -3-phenylpropiony 1-methionine;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(Naphth-2-y 1)- 1 H-imidazol-5-ylacety l]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy}-3-phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-[l-(Pyrid-3-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(S)-[l -(Pyrid-3-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine sulfone isopropyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthy Imethy l)glycy 1-methionine sulfone;
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[l-(Glycyl) py rrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy l]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine ;
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy l]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine sulfone methyl ester ;
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine sulfone;
N-[l-(Sarcosyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(Sarcosyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyI- methionine;
N-[1-(N,N-Dimethylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyi-methionine methyl ester ;
N-[ 1 -(N,N-Dimethy lglycyl) py rrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1J -N-( 1 naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N- (l-naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N- ( 1 -naphthylmethy l)glycy 1-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(Glycyl) pyrroIidin-3(S)-ethy l-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(4-Cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethyl]- N-(l-naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(4-Cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethyl]- N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(2-Acetylamino-3(S)- benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycy 1-methionine;
N-[l -(2-Acetylamino-3(S)-aminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-( 1 -naphthy lmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(2-Amino-3(S)-acetylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-( 1 -naphthy Imethy l)glycy 1-methionine;
2(S)-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)- ylmethyloxy]-3-phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-y lacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethy 1-2(S)- ylmethyloxy]-3-phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(4-Cyanobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y lacetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy}-3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester ;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(4-Cyanobenzy 1)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y lacetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy) -3 -phenyl propionyl-methionine;
2(R)-{2-[l-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl]pyrroIidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy} -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)-{ 2-[l-(4-Nitrobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy } -3 -phenyl propionyl-methionine;
2(R)-{ 2-[l-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy}-3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(4-Methoxybenzy 1)- 1 H-imidazol -5-y lacety l]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy } -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(4-Cyanobenzy 1)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y lacety l]pyrrolidin-3 (S)- ethyl-2(S)-ylmethoxy } -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(4-Cyanobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y lacetyl]pyrrolidin-3(S)- ethyl-2(S)-ylmethoxy } -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-y lacety l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1] - N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l-naphthylmethyl)gIycyl- (β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- (β-acetylamino)alanine;
N-[l-(Seryl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l-naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(D-Alanyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethy l)glycy 1- methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ- N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(Isoasparagyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l -(l H-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(3-Pyridylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(2-Pyridylacety 1) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl] -N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester ;
N-[l-(4-Pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(Seryl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l -naphthylmethy l)glycyl- methionine;
N-11 -(D-Alanyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-11 -(1 H-lmidazol-4-carbony l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-( 1 ■ naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine ;
N-[l-(Isoasparagyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(3-Pyridylacetyl) pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(2-Pyridylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(4-Pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-Imidazol-4-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl J- N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(2-Aminoethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- (2-thienyl)alanine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylj- N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(trifluoromethyl)alanine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l- naphthylmethyI)glycyl-(2(S)-amino-4-acetylamino)butyric acid ;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl] - N-(l ■ naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(N,N-dimethyl)glutamine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]- N- (benzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(benzyl)glycy 1-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(4- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyI-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(benzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-[ l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyriOlidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N- (benzyl)glycy 1-methionine;
N-((4-Imidazolyl)methyl-(2S)-pyrrolidiny Imethy l)-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1 |-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- (2-thienyl)alanine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(N,N-dimethyl)glutamine methyl ester ;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-y lacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1] - N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(trifluoromethyl)alanine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(2(S)-amino-4-acetylamino)butyric acid methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N- (benzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy 1]- N-(benzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-Lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(4- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyI]- N- (benzyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-(benzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl )-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine cyclohexyl ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy!]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine benzyl ester;
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl |-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine ethyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(Sarcosyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy l]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycy 1- methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(N,N-Dimethylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine (2-pyridy lmethyl) ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine (1 -gly eery 1) ester;
N-[l-L-Prolylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(L-Prolyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ l -(l-Mθφholinoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(1 -Moφholinoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l ■ naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(4-Piperidinecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-l l -(4-Piperidinecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l ' naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(3-Piperidinecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(3-Piperidinecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]-N-( 1 naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(2-Pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f l-(2-Pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(4-Pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(4-Pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(4-Pyridyl(N-methyl)glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(4-Pyridyl(N-methy l)glycy l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy l]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylpropionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine;
N-[l -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-[l-(4-PyridyIglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine;
N-f l -(4-Pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- (β-acetylamino)alanine cyclohexyl ester;
N-[l -(lH-lmidazol-4-y lacety l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(N-methyI)glutamine;
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(N-methyl)glutamine methyl ester ;
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyπ-olidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-methylcarbonylamino)alanine;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy l]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-methyIcarbonylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-methylsulfonylamino)alanine;
N-[ 1 -(1 H-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy l]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-methylsulfonylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-Ll-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-propionylamino)alanine ;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1]-N-(1- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-propionylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(1 H-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-pyrrolidinon- 1 -ylamino)alanine;
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-pyrrolidinon- 1 -ylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-[ l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-yImethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(3-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-[ l-(Glycyl)pyιτolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ- N-(3-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f l -(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyIl- N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-[l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(lH-lmidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester ;
N-[ l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(4- cyanobenzyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2-cyanobenzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-[l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2-cyanobenzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-[l -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- cyanobenzyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl] - N-(2- methylbenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-Ll -(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methylbenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(2- trifluoromethylbenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-Imidazol-4-y lacety l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1]- N-(2- trifluoromethylbenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyriOlidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylsulfonyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-( 1 - naphthylsulfonyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) py rrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy l]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine 4-N-methylpiperidinyl ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l-naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine tert-butyl ester;
N-[l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l-naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine 3-pentyl ester;
N-[l -(4-Pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyI-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(l 1- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[l-(4-Imidazoleacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[ 1 -(4-lmidazoleacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
N-[ 1 -(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine
N-[l -(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl |-N-(1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester
N-[l -(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethy l)glycyl- methionine isopropyl ester
N-[l -(L-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine
N-[l-(L-Pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l naphthylmemyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester
2(S)-[ 1 -(1 H-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyιτolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)- ylmethyloxy]-3-phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester
2(S)-[ 1 -(1 H-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrroIidin-3(S)-cthyl-2(S)- ylmethyloxy]-3-phenylpropionyl-methionine
N-[l-(Sarcosyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine
N-[l -(Sarcosyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl] -N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester
N-[l-(N,N-Dimethylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine
N-[l -(N,N-Dimethylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[l-(lH-Lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)ρyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l ■ naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester
N-[ l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine
N-[ l -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy I]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- (β-acetylamino)alanine cyclohexyl ester
N-[ 1 -(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1]-N-(1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- (β-acetylamino)alanine
N-[l-(4-PyridylglycyI)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
N-[l-(4-Pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine
N-l l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl] - N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine
N-Ll-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyIJ- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester
N-[ l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]- N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester
N-[ l-(Glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine
N-[l -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[l-(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine
N-[l-(lH-Lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine
N-[l-(lH-lmidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[l-(Glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine 4-N-methylpiperidinyl ester
N-[ l -(lH-Imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l- naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
N-[(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl]-l , 2,3,4- tetrahydro-3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl]-l ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-3(S)-ethylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- prolyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-3(S)-ethylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- prolyl-methionine;
N-[l -Glycylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethylprolyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -Glycylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethylprolyl-methionine;
N-[L-Pyroglutamyl-2(S)-amino-3(S)-methylpentyl]-l ,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine
N-[L-Pyroglutamyl-2(S)-amino-3(S)-methylpentyl]-l ,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[ l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethylprolyl-methionine
N-[ l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyI)-pyrrolidin-2(S-)ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethylprolyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[(l H-imidazol-4-ylacetyI-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methy]pentyl]-prolyl- methionine methyl ester
N-l(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyI]-prolyl- methionine
N-[(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl]-l , 2,3,4- tetrahydro-3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine methyl ester
N-f(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentylJ-l , 2,3,4- tetrahydro-3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine
N-[L-Pyroglutamyl-2(S)-amino-3(S)-methylpentyl ]- l ,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine methyl ester
N-fL-Pyroglutamyl-2(S)-amino-3(S)-methylpentyl]- l ,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine
N-[(l H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl ]-prolyl- methionine methyl ester
N-[(l H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl]-prolyl- methionine
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-3(S)-ethylpyriOlidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- prolyl-methionine methyl ester
N-ll -( lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-3(S)-ethylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- prolyl-methionine
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethylprolyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[ l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethylprolyl-methionine
N-[l-GlycylpyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethylprolyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[ 1 -Glycylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethylprolyl-methionine 2(S)-Butyl- 1 -(2,3-diaminoprop- 1 -yl)- 1 -( 1 -naphthoyl )piperazine
1 -(3-Amino-2-(2-naphthylmethylamino)prop- 1 -y l)-2(S)-buty l-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-Butyl- 1 -{ 5-[ 1 -(2-naphthylmethyl) j-4,5-dihydroimidazol } methy 1-4- (1 -naphthoyl )piperazine
l-[5-(l -Benzylimidazol)methyl]-2(S)-butyl-4-( l -naphthoyl)piperazine
1 - { 5-[ 1 -(4-nitrobenzyl)]imidazolylmethyl } -2(S)-buty l-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
1 -(3-Acetamidomethylthio-2(R)-aminoprop- 1 -y l)-2(S)-buty l-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-Butyl- 1 -[ 2-( 1 -imidazolyl)ethyl ]sulfony l-4-( 1 -naphthoyl )piperazine
2(R)-Buty 1- 1 -imidazoly l-4-methyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-Butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -(3-pyridylmethy l)piperazine
l -2(S)-butyl-(2(R)-(4-nitrobenzyl)amino-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine
1 -(2(R)-Amino-3-hydroxyheptadecyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- piperazine
2(S)-Benzyl- 1 -imidazolyl-4-methy l-4-( 1 -naphthoyl )piperazine
1 -(2(R)-Amino-3-(3-benzylthio)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
l -(2(R)-Amino-3-[3-(4-nitrobenzylthio)propyI])-2(S)-butyl-4-(l naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-Butyl-l -l(4-imidazoIyl)ethyl]-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-Butyl-l -[(4-imidazolyI)methyl]-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-Butyl-l -|(l -naphth-2-ylmethyl)- l H-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]-4-(l naphthoy 1 )piperazine
2(S)-Butyl- 1 -[ ( 1 -naphth-2-ylmethyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-yl)ethy I ]-4-( 1 - naphthoy Opiperazine
1 -(2(R)-Amino-3-hydroypropyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine
1 -(2(R)-Amino-4-hydroxybutyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine
l -(2-Amino-3-(2-benzyloxyphenyl)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l- naphthoyl)piperazine
l-(2-Amino-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( l - naphthoyl)piperazine
l -[3-(4-imidazolyl)propyl]-2(S)-butyl-4-(l -naphthoy l)-piperazine
2(S)-n-Buty l-4-(2,3-dimethylpheny 1)- 1 -(4-imidazolylmethyl)- piperazin-5-one
2(S)-«-Butyl-l-ri -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)piperazin-5-one
l-[l-(4-Cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)- 2(S)-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-5-one
2(S)-«-Butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -[ 1 -( 1 -naphthy Imethy I)imidazol-5- y Imethy 1] -piperazine
2(S)-/ι-Butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)- 1-f l -(2-naphthy Imethy I)imidazoI-5- y Imethy 1J -piperazine
2(S)-/ι-Butyl- 1 -f 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-y Imethy l]-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-π-Butyl-l -[ 1 -(4-methoxybenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl ]-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-n-Butyl-l -f l -(3-methyl-2-butenyl)imidazoI-5-ylmethyl]-4-( l - naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-rt-Butyl-l -U -(4-fluorobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl l-4-(l- naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-/ι-Butyl- 1 -[ 1 -(4-chlorobenzyI)imidazol-5-y lmethyl J-4-( 1 - naphthoy Opiperazine
1 -[ 1 -(4-Bromobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethy l]-2(S)-/?-buty l-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
2(S)-n-Butyl-4-(l-naρhthoyl)-l -[ l-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)imidazol-5- y lmethyl] -piperazine
2(S)-n-Butyl- 1 -[ 1 -(4-methylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyI]-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)-piperazine
2(S)-«-Butyl-l-( l -(3-methylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(l - naphthoyl)-piperazine
1 -11 -(4-Pheny lbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethylJ-2(S)-/?-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)-piperazine
2(S)-/2-Butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -f 1 -(2-phenylethy l)imidazol-5-ylmethylJ- piperazine
2(S)-«-Butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -f l -(4-trifluoromethoxy)imidazol-5- y Imethy 11 piperazine
1 - { [ 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-yl]acety I } -2(S)-/?-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine
(N-{ l -Cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine
(N-l l -Cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl |- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine methyl ester
(N-f 1 -Cyanobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-yl)acety 1 ]pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester N-[ l -(l H-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
Compounds which are useful in the present invention, and methods of synthesis thereof, can be found in the following patents, pending applications and publications:
USSN 60/005,059 filed on October 6, 1995; USSN 60/005,063 filed on October 6, 1995 USSN 60/005,521 filed on October 13, 1995 WO 95/32987 published on 7 December 1995. U. S. Pat. No. 5,420,245;
European Pat. Publ. 0 618 221 ; WO 94/26723; WO 95/08542 ; WO 95/1 1917; WO 95/12612.
U. S. Pat. No. 5,238,922 granted on August 24, 1993; ;
U. S. Pat. No. 5,340,828 granted on August 23, 1994; ;
U. S. Pat. No. 5,352,705 granted on October 4, 1994;
U. S. Pat. No. 5,326,773 granted on July 5, 1994;
USSN 07/968,022 filed on October 29, 1992 ;
USSN 08/968,025 filed on October 29, 1992 and USSN 08/143,943 filed on October 27, 1993 ;
USSN 08/080,028 filed on June 18, 1993 and USSN 08/237,586 filed on May 1 1 , 1994 ;
USSN 08/314,987 filed on September 29, 1994
USSN 08/315,171 filed on September 29, 1994 and PCT WO 96/09836 published on April 4, 1996
USSN 08/315,046 filed on September 29, 1994 ;
USSN 08/315,161 filed on September 29, 1994; USSN 08/399,282 filed on March 6, 1995; USSN 472,077 filed on June 6, 1995, USSN
08/527,972 filed on September 14, 1995 and PCT WO96/10035 published on April 4, 1996
USSN 08/315,151 filed on September 29, 1994 ;
USSN 08/314,974 filed on September 29, 1994 and PCT WO 96/10034 published on April 4, 1996
USSN 08/412,621 filed on March 29, 1995 and USSN 08/448,865 filed on May 24, 1995 ;
USSN 08/413,137 filed on March 29, 1995; ;
USSN 08/412,828 filed on March 29, 1995;
USSN 08/412,829 filed on March 29, 1995; and USSN 08/470,690 filed on June 6, 1995;
USSN 08/412,830 filed on March 29, 1995;
USSN 08/449,038 filed on May 24, 1995; ;
USSN 08/468,160 filed on June 6, 1995; ;
All patents, publications and pending patent applications identified are hereby incoφorated by reference.
With regard to the MEK inhibiting compounds, an example of a published MEK inhibiting compound is PD-098059, published in JL Biol. Chem. 270: 27489 (1995) and J. Biol. Chem. 270: 13585 (1995), incoφorated herein by reference.
With regard to the famesyl transferase inhibitors, the term heterocycle or heterocyclic, as used herein, represents a stable 5- to 7- membered monocyclic or stable 8- to 1 1 -membered bicyclic or stable 1 1 -15 membered tricyclic heterocycle ring which is either saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to four
heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, and S, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring. The heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure. Examples of such heterocyclic elements include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiopyranyl, benzofuryl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzoxazolyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydro-benzothienyl, dihydrobenzothiopyranyl, dihydrobenzothio-pyranyl sulfone, furyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, isochromanyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, isothiazolidinyl, moφholinyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2- oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, piperazinyl, pyridyl, pyridyl N-oxide, pyridonyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolinyl, quinolinyl N-oxide, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrahydro-quinolinyl, thiamoφholinyl, thiamorpholinyl sulfoxide, thiazolyl, thiazolinyl, thienofuryl, thienothienyl. and thienyl. Preferably, heterocycle is selected from imidazolyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, piperidyl, pyridyl and pyrrolidinyl.
Substituted alkyl, aryl and heteroaryl, and the substituted portions of aralkyl, aralkoxy, heteroaralkyl, heteroaralkoxy and like groups are substituted with from 1 -3 groups selected from the group consisting of: halo, hydroxy, cyano, acyl, acyiamino, aralkoxy, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, alkylsulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, aryloxy, aralkoxy, amino, alkylamino, dialkylamino, and sulfonylamino.
With regard to the famesyl transferase inhibitors, the terms "substituted aryl", "substituted heterocycle" and "substituted cycloalkyl" are intended to include the cyclic group which is substituted with 1 or 2 substitutents selected from the group which includes but is not limited to F, Cl, Br, CF3, NH2, N(Q -C6 alkyl)2, Nθ2, CN, (Ci -Cό alkyl)0-, -OH, (C1 -C6 alkyl)S(0)m-, (C1 -C6 alkyl)C(0)NH-, H2N-C(NH)-,
(C1 -C6 alkyl)C(O)-, (C1 -C6 alkyl)OC(O)-, N3,(Ci -C6 alkyl)OC(0)NH- and C1-C2O alkyl.
The terms "heterocycloalkyl" and "heterocyclyl" refer to a cycloalkyl group (nonaromatic) in which one of the carbon atoms in the ring is replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S(0)y or N, and in which up to three additional carbon atoms may be replaced by said heteroatoms. When three heteroatoms are present in the heterocycle, they are not all linked together.
Examples of heterocyclyls are piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, imidazolinyl, piperazinyl, pyrolidine-2- one, piperidine-2-one and the like.
Acyl as used herein refers to -C(0)Ci-6 alkyl and -C(O)- aryl.
Acylamino refers to the group -NHC(0)Ci-6 alkyl and -NHC(0)aryl.
Aralkoxy refers to the group -OC i-6 alkylaryl.
Alkylsulfonyl refers to the group -SO2C1-6 alkyl.
Alkylsulfonylamino refers to the group -NHS02Ci-6alkyl.
Arylsulfonylamino refers to the group -NHS02aryl. Alkylaminocarbonyl refers to the group -C(0)NHCι_6 alkyl.
Aryloxy refers to the group -O-aryl.
Aralkoxy refers to the group -O-Ci -6 alkylaryl.
Sulfonylamino refers to the group -NHSO3H. Halo means Cl, F, Br and I selected on an independent basis.
Examples of suitable cycloalkylene attachment are as follows:
In each of the patterns of attachment noted above, the ring may also be heterocyclic as defined above.
In the present method, amino acids which are disclosed are identified both by conventional 3 letter and single letter abbreviations as indicated below:
Alanine Ala A
Arginine Arg R
Asparagine Asn N
Aspartic acid Asp D
Asparagine or
Aspartic acid Asx B
Cysteine Cys C
Glutamine Gin 0
Glutamic acid Glu E
Glutamine or
Glutamic acid Glx Z
Glycine Gly G
Histidine His H
Isoleucine He I
Leucine Leu L
Lysine Lys K
Methionine Met M
Phenylalanine Phe F
Proline Pro P
Serine Ser S
Threonine Thr T
Tryptophan Trp W
Tyrosine Tyr Y
Valine Val V
The compounds used in the present method may have asymmetric centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures, and as individual diastereomers, with all possible isomers, including optical isomers, being included in the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, named amino acids are understood to have the natural "L" stereoconfiguration
The following structure:
represents a cyclic amine moiety having 5 or 6 members in the ring, such a cyclic amine which may be optionally fused to a phenyl or cyclohexyl ring. Examples of such a cyclic amine moiety include, but are not limited to, the following specific structures:
It is also understood that substitution on the cyclic amine moiety by R^a and R2b may be on different carbon atoms or on the same carbon atom.
When R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s -, cyclic moieties are formed. Examples of such cyclic moieties include, but are not limited to:
When R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s -, cyclic moieties as described hereinabove for R3 and R4 are formed. In addition, such cyclic moieties may optionally include a heteroatom(s). Examples of such heteroatom-containing cyclic moieties include, but are not limited to:
It is intended that the definition of any substituent or variable (e.g., R lO, Z, n, etc.) at a particular location in a molecule be independent of its definitions elsewhere in that molecule. Thus, -N(R10)2 represents -NHH, -NHCH3, -NHC2H5, etc. It is understood that substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds of the instant invention can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide compounds that are chemically stable and that can be readily synthesized by techniques known in the art as well as those methods set forth below.
The compounds of formulas (Il-a) through (Il-k) can be synthesized from their constituent amino acids by conventional peptide synthesis techniques, and the additional methods described below. Standard methods of peptide synthesis are disclosed, for example, in the following works: Schroeder et al., "The Peptides", Vol. I, Academic Press 1965, or Bodanszky et al., "Peptide Synthesis", Interscience Publishers, 1966, or McOmie (ed.) "Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry", Plenum Press, 1973, or Barany et al., "The Peptides: Analysis, Synthesis, Biology" 2, Chapter 1, Academic Press, 1980, or Stewart et al., "Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis", Second Edition, Pierce Chemical Company, 1984. Also useful in exemplifying syntheses of specific unnatural amino acid residues are European Pat. Appl. No. 0 350 163 A2 (particularly page 51-52) and J. E. Baldwin et al. Tetrahedron, 50:5049-5066 (1994). With regards to the synthesis of instant compounds containing a (β-acetylamino)alanine residue at the C-terminus, use of the commercially available Nα-Z-L-2,3- diaminopropionic acid (Fluka) as a starting material is preferred.
Abbreviations used in the description of the chemistry and in the Examples that follow are:
Ac2θ Acetic anhydride;
Boc t-Butoxycarbonyl;
DBU l ,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0Jundec-7-ene;
DMAP 4-Dimethylaminopyridine;
DME 1 ,2-Dimethoxyethane;
DMF Dimethylformamide;
EDC l -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl-carbodiimide- hydrochloride;
HOBT 1 -Hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate;
Et3N Triethylamine;
EtOAc Ethyl acetate;
FAB Fast atom bombardment;
HOOBT 3-Hydroxy- 1 ,2,2-benzotriazin-4(3//)-one;
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography;
MCPBA m-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid;
MsCl Methanesulfonyl chloride;
NaHMDS Sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide; Py Pyridine;
TFA Trifluoroacetic acid; THF Tetrahydrofuran.
The compounds are useful in various pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to those salt forms which would be apparent to the pharma¬ ceutical chemist, i.e., those which are substantially non-toxic and which provide the desired pharmacokinetic properties, palatability, absoφtion, distribution, metabolism or excretion. Other factors, more practical in nature, which are also important in the selection, are cost of the raw materials, ease of crystallization, yield, stability, hygroscopicity and flowability of the resulting bulk drug. Conveniently, pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared from the active ingredients in combination with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include conventional non-toxic salts or quarternary ammonium salts formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. Non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like; and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxybenzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention include the conventional non-toxic salts of the compounds of this invention as formed, e.g., from non-toxic inorganic or organic acids. For example, such conventional non-toxic salts include those derived from inorganic acids such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, sulfamic, phosphoric, nitric and the like: and the salts prepared from organic acids such as acetic, propionic, succinic, glycolic, stearic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, ascorbic, pamoic,
maleic, hydroxymaleic, phenyl-acetic, glutamic, benzoic, salicylic, sulfanilic, 2-acetoxy-benzoic, fumaric, toluenesulfonic, methanesulfonic, ethane disulfonic, oxalic, isethionic, trifluoroacetic and the like.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of this invention can be synthesized from the compounds of this invention which contain a basic moiety by conventional chemical methods. Generally, the salts are prepared by reacting the free base with stoichiometric amounts or with an excess of the desired salt- forming inorganic or organic acid in a suitable solvent or various combinations of solvents.
The pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the present invention can be synthesized by conventional chemical methods. Generally, the salts are prepared by reacting the free base or acid with stoichiometric amounts or with an excess of the desired salt- forming inorganic or organic acid or base, in a suitable solvent or solvent combination.
The famesyl transferase inhibitors of formula (Il-a) through (ITc) can be synthesized in accordance with reaction schemes 1 -16, in addition to other standard manipulations such as ester hydrolysis, cleavage of protecting groups, etc., as may be known in the literature or exemplified in the experimental procedures. Substituents Ra and Rb, as shown in the Schemes, represent the substituents R^, R3, R4, and R ; however their point of attachment to the ring is illustrative only and is not meant to be limiting. These reactions may be employed in a linear sequence to provide the compounds of the invention or they may be used to synthesize fragments which are subsequently joined by the alkylation reactions described in the Reaction Schemes.
Synopsis of reaction Schemes 1 -16:
The requisite intermediates are in some cases commercially available, or can be prepared according to literature procedures, for the most part. In Scheme 1 , for example, the synthesis of 2-alkyl substituted piperazines is outlined, and is essentially that described by
J. S. Kiely and S. R. Priebe in Organic Preparations and Proceedings Int.. 1990, 22, 761-768. Boc -protected amino acids I, available commercially or by procedures known to those skilled in the art, can be coupled to N-benzyl amino acid esters using a variety of dehydrating agents such as DCC (dicyclohexycarbodiimide) or EDC-HC1 (1-ethyl- 3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride) in a solvent such as methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, or in dimethylformamide. The product II is then deprotected with acid, for example hydrogen chloride in chloroform or ethyl acetate, or trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride, and cyclized under weakly basic conditions to give the diketopiperazine III. Reduction of III with lithium aluminum hydride in refluxing ether gives the piperazine IV, which is protected as the Boc derivative V. The N-benzyl group can be cleaved under standard conditions of hydrogenation, e.g., 10% palladium on carbon at 60 psi hydrogen on a Parr apparatus for 24-48 h. The product VI can be treated with an acid chloride, or a carboxylic acid under standard dehydrating conditions to furnish the carboxamides VII. A final acid deprotection step gives the intermediate VIII (Scheme 2). Intermediate VIII can be reductively alkylated with a variety of aldehydes, such as IX, prepared by standard procedures, such as that described by O. P. Goel, U. Krolls, M. Stier and S. Kesten in Organic Syntheses. 1988, 67, 69-75, from the appropriate amino acid (Scheme 3). The reductive alkylation can be accomplished at pH 5-7 with a variety of reducing agents, such as sodium triacetoxyborohydride or sodium cyanoborohydride, in a solvent such as dichloroethane, methanol or dimethylformamide. The product X can be deprotected to give the final compounds XI with trifluoroacetic acid in methylene chloride. The final product XI is isolated in the salt form, for example, as a trifluoroacetate, hydrochloride or acetate salt, among others. The product diamine XI can further be selectively protected to obtain XII, which can subsequently be reductively alkylated with a second aldehyde to obtain XIII. Removal of the protecting group, and conversion to the cyclized product such as the dihydroimidazole XV, can be accomplished by literature procedures.
Alternatively, the protected piperazine intermediate VII can be reductively alkylated with other aldehydes such as 1-trityl- 4-carboxaldehyde or l-trityl-4-imidazolylacetaldehyde, to give products such as XVI (Scheme IV) (Tr = trityl). The trityl protecting group can be removed from XVI to give XVII, or alternatively, XVI can first be treated with an alkyl halide then subsequently deprotected to give the alkylated imidazole XVIII. Alternatively, the intermediate VIII can be acylated or sulfonylated by standard techniques. The imidazole acetic acid XIX can be converted to the acetate XXI by standard procedures, and XXI can be first reacted with an alkyl halide, then treated with refluxing methanol to provide the regiospecifically alkylated imidazole acetic acid ester XXII. Hydrolysis and reaction with piperazine VIII in the presence of condensing reagents such as 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)- 3-ethylcarbodiimide (EDC) leads to acylated products such as XXIV. If the piperazine VIII is reductively alkylated with an aldehyde which also has a protected hydroxyl group, such as XXV in Scheme 6, the protecting groups can be subsequently removed to unmask the hydroxyl group (Schemes 6, 7). The alcohol can be oxidized under standard conditions to e.g. an aldehyde, which can then be reacted with a variety of organometallic reagents such as Grignard reagents, to obtain secondary alcohols such as XXIX. In addition, the fully deprotected amino alcohol XXX can be reductively alkylated (under conditions described previously) with a variety of aldehydes to obtain secondary amines, such as XXXI (Scheme 7), or tertiary amines. The protected amino alcohol XXVII can also be utilized to synthesize 2-aziridinylmethylpiperazines such as XXXII (Scheme 8). Treating XXVII with l ,l '-sulfonyldiimidazole and sodium hydride in a solvent such as dimethylformamide leads to the formation of aziridine XXXII. The aziridine reacts in the presence of a nucleophile, such as a thiol, in the presence of base to yield the ring-opened product XXXIII. Piperazine VIII can be reacted with an aldehyde derived from an amino acid, such as an O-alkylated tyrosine, to obtain compounds such as XXXIX. When R' is an aryl group, XXXIX can first be hydrogenated to unmask the phenol, and the amine group
- I l l -
deprotected with acid to produce XL. Alternatively, the amine protecting group in XXXDC can be removed, and O-alkylated phenolic amines such as XLI produced.
Depending on the identity of the amino acid I, various side chains can be incoφorated onto the piperazine. For example, when I is a protected β-benzyl ester of aspartic acid, the intermediate diketopiperazine XLII (where n=l and R=benzyl) is obtained, as shown in Scheme 10. Subsequent reduction reduces the ester to the alcohol XLiπ, which can then be reacted with a variety of alkylating agents such as an alkyl iodide, under basic conditions, for example, sodium hydride in dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran. The resulting ether XLIV can then be carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
N-Aryl piperazines can be prepared as described in Scheme 1 1. An aryl amine XLV is reacted with bis -chloroethyl amine hydrochloride (XLVI) in refluxing n -butanol to furnish compounds XLVII. The resulting piperazines XLVII can then be carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
Piperazin-5-ones can be prepared as shown in Scheme 12. Reductive amination of protected amino aldehydes XLIX (prepared from I as described previously) gives rise to compound L. This is then reacted with bromoacetyl bromide under Schotten-Baumann conditions. Ring closure is effected with a base, such as sodium hydride, in a polar aprotic solvent, such as dimethylformamide, to give LI. The carbamate protecting group is removed under acidic conditions, such as trifluoro¬ acetic acid in methylene chloride or hydrogen chloride gas in methanol or ethyl acetate, and the resulting piperazine can then be carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9.
The isomeric piperazin-3-ones can be prepared as described in Scheme 13. The imine formed from arylcarboxamides LII and 2- aminoglycinal diethyl acetal (LIII) can be reduced under a variety of conditions, including sodium triacetoxyborohydride in dichloroethane, to give the amine LIV. Amino acids I can be coupled to amines LIV under standard conditions, and the resulting amide LV when treated
with aqueous acid in tetrahydrofuran can cyclize to the unsaturated LVI. Catalytic hydrogenation under standard conditions gives the requisite intermediate LVII, which is elaborated to final products as described in Schemes 3-9. Access to alternatively substituted piperazines is described in Scheme 14. Following deprotection, e.g., with trifluoroacetic acid, the N-benzyl piperazine V can be acylated with an aryl carboxylic acid. The resulting N-benzyl aryl carboxamide LIX can be hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst to give the piperazine carboxamide LX which can then be carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9. Reaction Scheme 15 provides an example of the synthesis of compounds wherein the substituents R^ and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)u -• For example, 1 -aminocyclohexane-l -carboxylic acid LXI can be converted to the spiropiperazine LXVI essentially according to the procedures outlined in Schemes 1 and 2. The piperazine inter¬ mediate LXIX can be deprotected as before, and carried on to final products as described in Schemes 3-9. It is understood that reagents utilized to provide the substituent Y which is 2-(naphthyl) and the imidazolylalkyl substituent may be readily replaced by other reagents well known in the art and readily available to provide other N- substituents on the piperazine.
The aldehyde XLIX from Scheme 12 can also be reductively alkylated with an aniline as shown in Scheme 16. The product LXXI can be converted to a piperazinone by acylation with chloroacetyl chloride to give LXXII, followed by base-induced cyclization to LXXIII. Deprotection, followed by reductive alkylation with a protected imidazole carboxaldehyde leads to LXXV, which can be alkylation with an arylmethylhalide to give the imidazolium salt LXX VI. Final removal of protecting groups by either solvolysis with a lower alkyl alcohol, such as methanol, or treatment with triethylsilane in methylene chloride in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid gives the final product LXXVII.
SCHEME 1
SCHEME 2
SCHEME 3
SCHEME 3 (Cont.)
SCHEME 4
SCHEME5
SCHEME 5 (continued)
A
SCHEME 6
SCHEME 6 (CONTINUED)
SCHEME 7
SCHEME 8
XXVII
XXXII
XXXIII
P T/US97/0
- 123 -
SCHEME 9
SCHEME 9 (continued)
SCHEME 10
SCHEME 11
SCHEME 12
SCHEME 13
SCHEME 14
LXI
SCHEME 15 (continued)
SCHEME 16
SCHEME 16 (continued)
LXXV 11
The famesyl transferase inhibitors can also be synthesized in accordance with the general reaction schemes in addition to other standard manipulations such as ester hydrolysis, cleavage of protecting groups, etc., in accordance with WO 96/10035 published on
April 4, 1996, incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the disclosure contained therein, some alternative reactions are set forth below.
ALTERNATIVE REACTION SCHEME A FOR
COMPOUNDS (ll-h) THROUGH (ll-ol
Coupling of residues to form an amide bond
ALTERNATIVE REACTION SCHEME B FOR COMPOUNDS
(U-h) THROUGH m-oϊ
Preparation of reduced peptide subunits by reductive alkylation
ALTERNATIVE REACTION SCHEME C for COMPOUNDS
,H-rn THROUGH fll-ol
Deprotection of reduced peptide subunits
ALTERNATIVE REACTION SCHEME D FOR COMPOUNDS
(\\-h) THROUGH (ll-ol
Coupling of residues to form an amide bond
ALTERNATIVE REACTION SCHEME E FOR COMPOUNDS tll-rn THROUGH (ll-ol
Preparation of reduced dipeptides from peptides
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME F FOR
COMPOUNDS (ll-m THROUGH (\\-o)
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME F (continued)
C
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME G FOR
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME H FOR COMPOUNDS (II-h) THROUGH (II-o)
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME I FOR COMPOUNDS (II-h) THROUGH (II-o)
A
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME J FOR COMPOUNDS (Il-h) THROUGH (II-o)
ALTERNATIVE REACTION SCHEME J (continued^
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME K FOR COMPOUNDS (11-h ) THROUGH (TI-o)
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME L FOR COMPOUNDS (II-h) THROUGH (II-o)
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME M FOR COMPOUNDS (U-h) THROUGH fll-o)
ALTERNATE REACTION SCHEME M (CONTΛ
Certain compounds used in the invention are described below.
EXAMPLE 1
(S)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[ 1 -(4-cyanobenzy l)-imidazolyk (rnethanesulfonvDethyll-2-piperazinone dihvdrochloride
Step A: l -triphenylmethyl-4-(hvdroxymethylVimidazole To a solution of 4-(hydroxymethyl)imidazole hydrochloride (35.0 g, 260 mmol) in 250 mL of dry DMF at room temperature was added triethylamine (90.6 mL, 650 mmol). A white solid precipitated from the solution. Chlorotriphenylmethane (76.1 g, 273 mmol) in 500 mL of DMF was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 hours, poured over ice, filtered, and washed with ice water. The resulting product was slurried with cold dioxane, filtered, and dried in vacuo to provide the titled product as a white solid which was sufficiently pure for use in the next step.
Step B: l-triphenylmethyl-4-facetoxymethvπ-imidazole
Alcohol from Step A (260 mmol, prepared above) was suspended in 500 mL of pyridine. Acetic anhydride (74 mL, 780 mmol) was added dropwise, and the reaction was stirred for 48 hours during which it became homogeneous. The solution was poured into 2 L of EtOAc, washed with water (3 x 1 L), 5% aq. HCl soln. (2 x 1 L), sat. aq. NaHC03, and brine, then dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product. The acetate was isolated as a white powder which was sufficiently pure for use in the next reaction.
Step C: l -(4-cvanobenzvD-5-(acetoxymethvπ-imidazole hydrobromide
A solution of the product from Step B (85.8 g, 225 mmol) and α-bromo-/?-tolunitrile (50.1 g, 232 mmol) in 500 mL of EtOAc was stirred at 60°C for 20 hours, during which a pale yellow precipitate
formed. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and filtered to provide the solid imidazolium bromide salt. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a volume 200 mL, reheated at 60°C for two hours, cooled to room temperature, and filtered again. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to a volume 100 mL, reheated at 60°C for another two hours, cooled to room temperature, and concentrated in vacuo to provide a pale yellow solid. All of the solid material was combined, dissolved in 500 mL of methanol, and warmed to 60°C. After two hours, the solution was reconcentrated in vacuo to provide a white solid which was triturated with hexane to remove soluble materials. Removal of residual solvents in vacuo provided the titled product hydrobromide as a white solid which was used in the next step without further purification.
Step D: l -(4-cyanobenzylK5-(rιydroxymethyl)-imidazole
To a solution of the acetate from Step C (50.4 g, 150 mmol) in 1.5 L of 3: 1 THF/water at 0°C was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (18.9 g, 450 mmol). After one hour, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo, diluted with EtOAc (3 L), and washed with water, sat. aq. NaHC03 and brine. The solution was then dried (Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product as a pale yellow fluffy solid which was sufficiently pure for use in the next step without further purification.
Step E: l -f4-cvanobenzylV5-irnidazolecarboxaldehvde
To a solution of the alcohol from Step D (21.5 g, 101 mmol) in 500 mL of DMSO at room temperature was added triethylamine (56 mL, 402 mmol), then Sθ3-pyridine complex (40.5 g, 254 mmol). After 45 minutes, the reaction was poured into 2.5 L of EtOAc, washed with water (4 x 1 L) and brine, dried
(Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the aldehyde as a white powder which was sufficiently pure for use in the next step without further purification.
Step F: (S)-2-(fm-butoxycarbonylammo)-N-methoxy-N-methyl-4-
(methylthio)butanamide
L-/V-Boc-methionine (30.0 g, 0.120 mol), N,0-dimethyl- hydroxylamine hydrochloride (14.1 g, 0.144 mol), EDC hydrochloride (27.7 g, 0.144 mol) and HOBT (19.5 g, 0.144 mol) were stirred in dry DMF (300 mL) at 20°C under nitrogen. More /V,0-dimethyIhydroxyl- amine hydrochloride (2.3 g, 23 mmol) was added to obtain pH 7-8. The reaction was stirred overnight, the DMF distilled to half the original volume under high vacuum, and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and sat. NaHCθ3 soln. The organic phase was washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, water, 10% citric acid, and brine, and dried with sodium sulfate. The solvent was removed in vacuo to give the title compound.
Step G: (S)-2-(^rNbutoxycarbonylamino)-4-(methylthio)butanal A suspension of lithium aluminum hydride (5.02 g, 0.132 mol) in ether (500 mL) was stirred at room temperature for one hour. The solution was cooled to -50°C under nitrogen, and a solution of the product from Step F (39.8 g, ca. 0.120 mol) in ether (200 mL) was added over 30 min, maintaining the temperature below -40°C. When the addition was complete, the reaction was warmed to 5°C, then recooled to -45°C. Analysis by tic revealed incomplete reaction. The solution was re warmed to 5°C, stirred for 30 minutes, then cooled to -50°C. A solution of potassium hydrogen sulfate (72 g, 0.529 mol) in 200 mL water was slowly added, maintaining the temperature below -20°C. The mixture was wasmed to 5°C, filtered through Celite, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the title aldehyde.
Step H: £S)-2-(^rr-butoxycarbonyIamino)-/V-(3-chlorophenyl)-4- (methylthio)butanamine
To a solution of 3-chloroaniline (10.3 mL, 97.4 mmol), the product from Step G (23.9 g, 97.4 mmol), and acetic acid (27.8 mL, 487 mmol) in dichloroethane (250 mL) under nitrogen was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (41.3 g, 195 mmol). The reaction was
stirred overnight, then quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The solution was diluted with CHCI3, and the organic phase was washed with water, 10% citric acid and brine. The solution was dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude product (34.8 g) which was chromatographed on silica gel with 20% ethyl acetate in hexane to obtain the title compound .
Step I; (S)-4-(ter/-butoxycarbonyl)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-
(methylthio)ethynpiperazin-2-one A solution of the product from Step H (22.0 g, 63.8 mmol) in ethyl acetate (150 mL) was vigorously stirred at 0°C with saturated sodium bicarbonate (150 mL). Chloroacetyl chloride (5.6 mL, 70.2 mmol) was added dropwise, and the reaction stirred at 0°C for 2h. The layers were separated, and the ethyl acetate phase was washed with 10% citric acid and saturated brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. After concentration in vacuo, the resulting crude product (27.6 g) was dissolved in DMF (300 mL) and cooled to 0°C under argon. Cesium carbonate (63.9 g, 196 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred for two days, allowing it to warm to room temperature. Another portion of cesium carbonate (10 g, 30 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred for 16 hours. The DMF was distilled in vacuo, and the residue partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The organic phase was washed with saturated brine, and dried over sodium sulfate. The crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 20-25% ethyl acetate in hexane to obtain the title compound.
Step J: (S)-4-(terr-butoxy carbonyl)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-5-f 2-
(methanesulfonyDethyl]piperazin-2-one
A solution of the product from Step I (14.2 g, 37 mmol) in methanol (300 mL) was cooled to 0°C, and a solution of magnesium monoperoxyphthalate (54.9 g, 11 1 mmol) in 210 mL MeOH was added over 20 minutes. The ice bath was removed, and the solution was allowed to warm to room temperature. After 45 minutes, the reaction was concentrated in vacuo to half the original volume, then quenched by
the addition of 2N Na2S2θ3 soln. The solution was poured into EtOAc and sat NaHCθ3 solution, and the organic layer was washed with brine, dried (Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the crude sulfone. This material was chromatographed on silica gel with 60-100% ethyl acetate in hexane to obtain the titled compound.
Step K: (S)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-5-[2-
(methanesulfonyl)ethyllpiperazin-2-one
Through a solution of Boc-protected piperazinone from Step J (1.39 g, 3.33 mmol) in 30 mL of EtOAc at 0°C was bubbled anhydrous HCl gas. The saturated solution was stirred for 35 minutes, then concentrated in vacuo to provide the hydrochloride salt as a white powder. This material was suspended in EtOAc and treated with dilute aqueous NaHC03 solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc, and the combined organic mixture was washed with brine, dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting amine was reconcentrated from toluene to provide the titled material suitable for use in the next step.
Step L: (S)-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-l l -(4- cyanobenzyl)imidazolylmethyl |-5-[2-(methanesulfonyl)- ethyI1-2-piperazinone dihvdrochloride To a solution of the amine from Step K (898 mg, 2.83 mmol) and imidazole carboxaldehyde from Step E (897 mg, 4.25 mmol) in 15 mL of 1 ,2-dichloroethane was added sodium triacetoxyboro- hydride (1.21 g, 5.7 mmol). The reaction was stirred for 23 hours, then quenched at 0°C with sat. NaHCθ3 solution. The solution was poured into CHC13, and the aqueous layer was back -extracted with CHCI3. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting product was purified by silica gel chromatography (95:5:0.5-90:10:0 EtOAc:MeOH:NH4θ), and the resultant product was taken up in EtOAc/methanol and treated with 2.1 equivalents of 1 M HCl/ether
solution. After concentrated in vacuo, the product dihydrochloride was isolated as a white powder.
EXAMPLE 2
l-G-chlorophenyl)-4-ri -(4-cyanobenzyπimidazolyl-methyll-2- piperazinone dihydrochloride
Step A: N-(3-chlorophenyl)ethylenediamine hydrochloride To a solution of 3-chloroaniIine (30.0 mL, 284 mmol) in 500 mL of dichloromethane at 0°C was added dropwise a solution of 4 N HCl in 1 ,4-dioxane (80 mL, 320 mmol HCl). The solution was warmed to room temperature, then concentrated to dryness in vacuo to provide a white powder. A mixture of this powder with 2-oxazolidinone (24.6 g, 282 mmol) was heated under nitrogen atmosphere at 160°C for 10 hours, during which the solids melted, and gas evolution was observed. The reaction was allowed to cool, forming the crude diamine hydrochloride salt as a pale brown solid.
Step B: -V-(ter/-butoxycarbonyl)-/V'-(3- chlorophenyOethylenediamine
The amine hydrochloride from Step A (ca. 282 mmol, crude material prepared above) was taken up in 500 mL of THF and 500 mL of sat. aq. NaHCθ3 soln., cooled to 0°C, and άi-tert- butylpyrocarbonate (61.6 g, 282 mmol) was added. After 30 h, the reaction was poured into EtOAc, washed with water and brine, dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the titled carbamate as a brown oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
Step C: /V-[2-(re^-butoxycarbamoyl)ethylJ-N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2I chloroacetamide
A solution of the product from Step B (77 g, ca. 282 mmol) and triethylamine (67 mL, 480 mmol) in 500 mL of CH2CI2 was cooled to 0°C. Chloroacetyl chloride (25.5 mL, 320 mmol) was added drop- wise, and the reaction was maintained at 0°C with stirring. After 3 h, another portion of chloroacetyl chloride (3.0 mL) was added dropwise. After 30 min, the reaction was poured into EtOAc (2 L) and washed with water, sat. aq. NH4CI soln, sat. aq. NaHCθ3 soln., and brine. The solution was dried (Na2S04), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the chloroacetamide as a brown oil which was used in the next step without further purification.
Step D: 4-(/<?r/-butoxycarbonyl)- 1 -(3-chlorophenyl)-2- piperazinone
To a solution of the chloroacetamide from Step C (ca. 282 mmol) in 700 mL of dry DMF was added K2CO3 (88 g, 0.64 mol). The solution was heated in an oil bath at 70-75°C for 20 hours, cooled to room temperature, and concentrated in vacuo to remove ca. 500 mL of DMF. The remaining material was poured into 33% EtOAc/hexane, washed with water and brine, dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, and concen¬ trated in vacuo to provide the product as a brown oil. This material was purified by silica gel chromatography (25-50% EtOAc/hexane) to yield pure product, along with a sample of product (ca. 65% pure by HPLC) containing a less polar impurity.
Step E: l -(3-chlorophenyl)-2-piperazinone
Through a solution of Boc-protected piperazinone from Step D (17.19 g, 55.4 mmol) in 500 mL of EtOAc at -78°C was bubbled anhydrous HCl gas. The saturated solution was warmed to 0°C, and stirred for 12 hours. Nitrogen gas was bubbled through the reaction to remove excess HCl, and the mixture was warmed to room temperature. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to provide the hydrochloride as a white powder. This material was taken up in 300 mL of CH2CI2 and
treated with dilute aqueous NaHCθ3 solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH2CI2 (8 x 300 mL) until tic analysis indicated complete extraction. The combined organic mixture was dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo to provide the titled free amine as a pale brown oil.
Step F: l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[l -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazolylmethyl]-
2-piperazinone dihydrochloride
To a solution of the amine from Step E (55.4 mmol, prepared above) in 200 mL of 1 ,2-dichloroethane at 0°C was added 4 A powdered molecular sieves (10 g), followed by sodium triacetoxyboro- hydride (17.7 g, 83.3 mmol). The imidazole carboxaldehyde from Step E of Example 1 (11.9 g, 56.4 mmol) was added, and the reaction was stirred at 0°C. After 26 hours, the reaction was poured into EtOAc, washed with dilute aq. NaHCθ3, and the aqueous layer was back- extracted with EtOAc. The combined organics were washed with brine, dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resulting product was taken up in 500 mL of 5:1 benzene:CH2Cl2, and propyl- amine (20 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred for 12 hours, then concentrated in vacuo to afford a pale yellow foam. This material was purified by silica gel chromatography (2-7% MeOH/CH2Cl2), and the resultant white foam was taken up in CH2CI2 and treated with 2.1 equivalents of 1 M HCl/ether solution. After concentrated in vacuo, the product dihydrochloride was isolated as a white powder.
EXAMPLE 3
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrtolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl j-N-(2- methoxybenzvDglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
Step A: 2-Methoxybenzylglycine methyl ester 2-Methoxybenzyl alcohol (53.5 g, 0.39 mol) was dissolved in CH2CI2 (200 mL), treated with diisopropylethylamine (81 mL, 0.74 mol), cooled to 0°C. with stirring in an ice-CH3θH bath under Ar, and treated dropwise with methanesulfonyl chloride (33 mL, 0.43 mol). After 0.5 hr, the reaction mixture was left to warm to ambient tempera- ture and stirred for 4 hr. This solution and diisopropylethylamine (202.5 mL, 1.16 mol) were added alternately portion wise with to a slurry of glycine methyl ester hydrochloride ( 146.5 g, 1.17 mol) in DMF (250 mL) with stirring at 0°C. The reaction mixture was left to stir and warm to room temperature overnight. The DMF was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc (1 L) and satd NaHC03 solution (1 L). The aqueous layer was washed with EtOAc (2 x 600 mL), the organics combined, washed with brine and dried (MgSθ4). Filtration and concentration to dryness gave the title compound after chromatography (Siθ2, 1 -5% CH3OH/CH2CI2).
Step B: N-[(2S)-(t-ButoxycarbonylpyπOlidinyl-methyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycine methyl ester
2-Methoxybenzylglycine methyl ester (27.4 g, 0.131 mol) was dissolved in 1 ,2-dichloroethane (500 ml), 3 A molecular sieves (20 g) were added, and the pH of the reaction mixture adjusted to pH 5 with acetic acid (7.5 mL, 0.131 mol). N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-prolinal (26.1 g, 0.131 mol) (J. Org. Chem. (1994) 59, [21 ], 6287-95) was added followed by sodium triacetoxyborohydride (33.2 g, 0.157 mol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h, filtered through celite and concentrated. The residue was partitioned between EtOAc and sat. NaHCθ3 (500 ml/100 ml). The aqueous layer was washed with EtOAc (3x100 ml). The organic layers were combined, dried with Na2Sθ4, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound.
Step C: N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpyrrolidinyl-methyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyPglycine
N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpyrrolidinylmethyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycine methyl ester (7.0 g, 0.018 mol) was dissolved in CH3OH (150 ml) and IN NaOH (71 ml, 0.071 mol) was added with cooling in an ice- water bath. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 hr, neutralized with I N HCl (71 ml, 0.071 mol), concentrated to remove the CH3OH, and the residue extracted with EtOAc (3x200 mL). The organic layers were combined, dried with Mg2Sθ4, filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound as a foam.
Step D: Methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)methionine (25 g, 0.1 mol), isopropyl alcohol (1 1.8 mL, 0.15 mol), EDC (21.1 g, 0.1 1 mol), and 4-dimethyl- aminopyridine (DMAP) (1.22 g, 0.01 mol) were dissolved in CH2CI2 (400 mL) with stirring in an ice-water bath. After 2 h the bath was removed, and the solution was left to stir o.n. at RT. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, then partitioned between EtOAc and H2O, the aqueous layer washed with EtOAc (2 x 50 mL), the organics combined, washed with NaHC03 soln, brine, and dried (Na2Sθ4). Filtration and concentration to dryness gave a yellow oil after chromatography (flash silica gel column, hexane: EtOAc, 6: 1 to 5: 1).
N-(t-Butoxycarbonyl)methionine isopropyl ester (20.5 g, 0.07 mol) was dissolved in EtOAc (200 mL) with stirring and cooling to -20°C in a dry ice- acetone bath. HCl gas was bubbled into the solution for 10 min, the flask was stoppered and stirred for 1 h. Tic (EtOAc: hexane, 1 :3) indicates loss of starting material. Argon was bubbled through the soln for 5 min, then it was concentrated to dryness to give the title compound as a white solid.
Step E: N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpyrrolidinyl-methyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzvPglvcyl-methionine isopropyl ester
N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpyrrolidinylmethyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycine (from step C) (5.98 g, 0.0158 mol), dissolved in CH2C12 (100 mL), was treated with HOBT (2.57 g, 0.019 mol), EDC (4.54 g, 0.024 mol), and methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride (4.33 g, 0.019 mol). The pH was adjusted to 7.5 with Et3N (8.81 mL, 0.063 mol) and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with EtOAc (150 mL) and washed sequentially with 10% citric acid soln, saturated NaHC03 solution, brine, and dried (MgS04). Filtration and concentration to dryness gave the title compound as a thick oil. This was used without further purification.
Step F: N-((2S)-PyrrolidinyImethyl )-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-glycyl- methionine isopropyl ester bis hydrochloride
N-[(2S)-(t-Butoxycarbonylpyrrolidinylmethyl)-N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester (0.85 g, 1.54 mmol) was dissolved in EtOAc (25 mL) and cooled to 0°C. HCl was bubbled through the mixture until the soln was saturated, and it was stoppered and stirred for 3 hr. Argon was bubbled through the mixture to remove excess HCl and the mixture was then concentrated to give the title compound.
Step G: N-[l -(lH-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethyl]-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
N-((2S)-Pyrrolidinylmethyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl methionine isopropyl ester bis hydrochloride (0.800 g, 1.53 mmol), dissolved in DMF (30 mL), was treated with l H-imidazol-4-propionic acid (0.43 g, 3.05 mmol) (prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of urocanic acid in 20% acetic acid with Pd on carbon), and BOP reagent (1.35 g, 3.05 mmol). The pH was adjusted to 7.5 with N-methyl- morpholine (0.756 mL, 6.89 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The mixture was concentrated to
dryness, diluted with EtOAc (100 mL), washed with 5% Na2Cθ3 solution, brine, and dried (MgSθ4). Filtration and concentration to dryness gave an oil which was purified by chromatography (silica gel, 95:5 CH2Cl2/MeOH) to give the title compound as a foam. ΪH NMR (CD3OD); 5 7.58 (d, IH, J=l Hz), 7.25-7.31 (m, 2H), 6.89- 7.00 (m, 2H), 6.81 (s, IH), 5.00-5.06 (m, IH), 4.49-4.56 (m, IH), 4.23- 4.30 (m, IH), 3.91 (d, IH, J=13 Hz), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.54 (d, I H, J=13Hz), 3.30-3.41 (m, 2H), 3.36 (d, IH, J=17 Hz), 3.15 (d, I H, J=17 Hz), 2.85- 2.92 (m, 2H), 2.56-2.77 (m, 3H), 2.30-2.45 (m, 3H), 2.05-2.17 (m, IH), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.69-1.86 (m, 5H), 1.24 (d, 6H, J=6 Hz). Anal, calculated for C29H43N5O5S . 0.6 H2O:
C, 59.59; H, 7.62; N, 1 1.98; Found: C, 59.58; H, 7.43; N, 12.02.
EXAMPLE 4
(N-f l -Cyanobenzyl)- lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetylJpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester
Step A: Diethyl l -Acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2,2- dicarboxylate
Sodium (4.02 g, 0.175 mol) was dissolved in a stirred solution of diethyl acetamidomalonate (235.4 g, 1.19 mol) in abs EtOH (1.4 L) at ambient temperature under argon. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C, and trans-2-pentenal (100 g, 1.08 mol) was
added dropwise maintaining the reaction temperature at <5°C. After the addition, the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature, stirred for 4 h, then quenched with acetic acid (28 mL). The solution was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue dissolved in EtOAc (1.5 L), washed with 10% NaHC03 solution (2 x 300 mL), brine, and dried (MgS04). The solution was filtered and concentrated to 700 mL, then heated to reflux and treated with hexane (1 L). On cooling, the title compound precipitated and was collected, mp 106 - 109°C. 1 H NMR (CD30D) δ 5.65 (d, IH, J= 5 Hz), 4.1 - 4.25 (m, 4H), 2.7-2.8 (m, IH), 2.21 (s, 3H), 2.10 (dd, IH, J = 6, 13, Hz), 1.86- 1.97 (m, 2H), 1.27 (t, 3H, J= 7 Hz), 1.23 (t, 3H, J= 7 Hz), 1.1 - 1.25 (m, 1 H), 0.97 (t, 3H, J= 7 Hz).
Step B: Diethyl 1 -Acetyl-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2.2-dicarbox ylate To a solution of diethyl l -acetyl-5-hydroxy-3-ethyl- pyrrolidine-2,2-dicarboxylate (287 g, 0.95 mol) and triethylsilane (228 mL, 1.43 mol) in CH2CI2 (3 L) under argon was added trifluoroacetic acid (735 mL, 9.53 mol) dropwise with stirring while maintaining the internal temperature at 25°C by means of an ice bath. After stirring for 3 h at 23 °C, the solution was concentrated in vacuo, , the residue diluted with CH2CI2 (1.5 L), then treated with H2O (1 L) and solid Na2Cθ3 with vigorous stirring until the solution was basic. The organic layer was separated, dried (Na2Sθ4), filtered, then concentrated to give the title compound as a yellow oil which was used without further purification.
Step C: 3-Ethylproline hydrochloride (Cis:Trans Mixture)
Diethyl l -acetyl-3-ethylpyrrolidine-2,2-dicarboxylate (373 g, 0.95 mol) was suspended in 6N HCl (2 L) and HOAc (500 mL) and heated at reflux for 20 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, washed with EtOAc (IL), then concentrated in vacuo to give an oil which crystallized upon trituration with ether to give the title compound. l H NMR (D2θ) δ 4.23 (d, IH, J= 8 Hz), 3.84 (d, I H, J= 8 Hz), 3.15- 3.4 (m, 4H), 2.33- 2.44 (m, I H), 2.19-2.4 (m, I H), 2.02- 2.15 (m, 2H),
1.53- 1.72 (m, 3H), 1.23- 1.43 (m, 2H), 1.0- 1.15 (m, IH), 0.75 - 0.83 (m, 6H).
Step D: N-[(/er/-Butyloxy)carbonyll-c/\v:/ra/ϊΛ-3-ethylproline methyl ester
3-Ethylproline hydrochloride (Cis:Trans Mixture) (20 g, 0.1 1 mol) was dissolved in CH3OH (200 mL), and the solution was saturated with HCl gas, then stirred at 23°C for 24 h. Argon was bubbled through the solution to remove excess HCl. The solution was treated with NaHCθ3 (>84 g) to a pH of 8, then di-/e/ /-butyl dicarbonate (25.1 g, 0.1 15 mol) dissolved in CH3OH (20 mL) was added slowly. After stirring for 18 h at 23°C, the mixture was filtered, the filtrate concentrated, and the residue triturated with EtOAc, filtered again, and concentrated to give the title compound as an oil.
Step E: N-[(?er/-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-/ra/7Λ-3-ethylproline and
N-l(/<?/-r-Butyloxy)carbonyll-c/Λ-3-ethylproline methyl ester N-f(r*?/7-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-t/\vJrα«Λ'-3-ethylproline methyl ester (29.1 g, 0.1 13 mol) was dissolved in CH3OH (1 14 mL) with cooling to 0°C, then treated with 1 N NaOH ( 1 14 mL). After stirring for 20 h at 23°C, the solution was concentrated to remove the CH3OH and then extracted with EtOAc (3 x). The organic layers were combined, dried (MgSθ4), filtered, and concentrated to give 12.8 g of N-f(fer^-Butyloxy)carbonylJ-6/\v-3-ethylproline methyl ester as an oil. The aqueous layer was acidified with solid citric acid and extracted with EtOAc (2 x), the organic layers combined, dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated to give N-[(/f?/t-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-rrαn.v-3-ethylproline as an oil. JH NMR (CD3OD) δ 3.86 and 3.78 (2 d, IH, J = 6 Hz), 3.33 - 3.58 (m, 2H), 2.01 - 2.22 (m, 2H), 1.5 - 1.74 (m, 2H), 1.33 - 1.5 (m, IH), 1.45 and 1.42 (2 s, 9H), 0.98 (t, 3H, J= 8 Hz).
Step F: 3(S)-Ethyl-2(S)-proIine hydrochloride
N-[(/er/-Butyloxy)carbonyl]-/ra/2.v-3-ethylproline (15.5 g, 0.064 mol), S-α-methylbenzylamine (9.03 mL, 0.070 mol), HOBT (10.73 g, 0.70 mol), and N-mefhylmorpholine (8 mL, 0.076 mol) were dissolved in CH2CI2 (150 mL) with sitrring in an ice-H2θ bath, treated with EDC (13.4 g, 0.070 mol) stirred at 23°C for 48 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc and 10% citric acid solution, the organic layer washed with satd NaHCOλ solution, brine and dried (MgSθ4), filtered, and concentrated to give an oil. This oil was dissolved in a minimum amount of ether ( 10 mL) to crystallize the desired S,S,S diastereomer (4.2 g), mp 1 18- 121 °C. A solution of this product in 8N HCl (87 mL) and glacial acetic acid (22 mL) was heated at reflux overnight. The solution was concentrated on a rotary evaporator, and the residue taken up in H2O and extracted with ether. The aqueous layer was concentrated to dryness to give a 1 : 1 mixture of 3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-proline hydrochloride and α-methylbenzylamine.
3(S)-Ethyl-2(S)-proline containing α-methylbenzylamine (2.0 g, 0.0128 mol) was dissolved in dioxane ( 10 mL) and H2O (10 mL) with stirring and cooling to 0°C. N,N-diisopropylethylamine (2.2 mL, 0.0128 mol) and di-/e/Y-butyl-dicarbonate (2.79 g, 0.0128 mol) were added and stirring was continued at 23°C for 48 h. The reaction mixture was partitioned between EtOAc (60 mL) and H2O (30 mL), the organic layer washed with 0.5N NaOH (2 x 40 mL), the aqueous layers combined and washed with EtOAc ( 30 mL) and this layer back- extracted with 0.5 N NaOH (30 mL). The aqueous layers were combined and carefully acidified at 0°C with 1 N HCl to pH 3. This mixture was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 40 mL), the organics combined, dried (MgS04), filtered and concentrated to give N-[(/<?/-/-Butyloxy) carbonyl-3(S)-ethyI-2(S)-proline as a colorless oil. N-[(/w-Butyloxy) carbonyl-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-proline was dissolved in EtOAc (50 mL) and the solution was saturated with HCl gas with cooling in an ice-H2θ bath. The solution was stoppered and stirred at 0nC. for 3 hr. Argon was bubbled through the solution to remove excess HCl, and the solution was concentrated to dryness to give 3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-proline hydrochloride.
Step G: N-(t-Buty loxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1J-3(S)- ethyl-proline
3(S)-Ethyl-2(S)-proline hydrochloride (2.33 g, 0.013 mol) was dissolved in CH3OH (20 mL), treated with 3A molecular sieves (2 g) and KOAc (1.27 g, 0.013 mol) to adjust the pH of the reaction mixture to 4.5-5, then N-[(fer/-Butyloxy)carbonyl-prolinal (Pettit et al., J. Org. Chem. (1994) 59, [211 6287-95) (3.36 g, 0.017 mol) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 16 hrs at room temperature. The reaction mixture was filtered, quenched with aq satd NaHCθ3 (5 mL) and concentrated to dryness. The residue was extracted with CHCI3. The extract was dried (MgS04), filtered, and concentrated to give the title compound and inorganic salts.
Step H: N-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-3(S)- ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester
N-(t-Butyloxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- 3(S)-ethyl-proline (2.4 g, 0.008 mol), methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride (2.21 g, 0.0097 mol), HOBT ( 1 .49 g, 0.0097 mol) and EDC (1.86 g, 0.0097 mol) were dissolved in DMF (15 mL) at room temperature and treated with N-methylmorpholine (3 mL, 0.024 mol). The reaction mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature, then concentrated and partitioned between EtOAc and H2O. The organic layer was washed with aq satd NaHCθ3 solution, brine, and dried (MgSθ4). The crude product was chromatographed on a flash silica gel column eluting with hexane: EtOAc, 7:3 to give N- (t-butyloxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester.
Step I: Pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride
N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester ( 1.38 g, 0.0028 mol) was dissolved in EtOAc (40 mL), cooled to -20°C, saturated with HCl gas,
and stirred at 0°C. for 1.25 hr, and room temperature for 0.25 hr. Concentration to dryness gave pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethyl- prolyl methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride.
Step J: Preparation of lH-Imidazole-4- acetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride
A solution of lH-imidazole-4-acetic acid hydrochloride (4.00g, 24.6 mmol) in methanol (100 ml) was saturated with gaseous hydrogen chloride. The resulting solution was allowed to stand at room temperature (RT) for 18hr. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid. lH NMR(CDCl3, 400 MHz) δ 8.85(1 H, s),7.45(lH, s), 3.89(2H, s) and 3.75(3H, s) ppm.
Step K: Preparation of l -(Triphenylmethyl)-l H-imidazol-4- ylacetic acid methyl ester
To a solution of lH-Imidazole-4- acetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (24.85g, 0.141mol) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) (115ml) was added triethylamine (57.2 ml, 0.412 mol) and triphenyl- methyl bromide(55.3g, 0.171mol) and the suspension was stirred for
24hr. After this time, the reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) (1 1) and water (350 ml). The organic phase was washed with sat. aq. NaHC03 (350 ml), dried (Na2Sθ4) and evaporated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (Siθ2, 0-100% ethyl acetate in hexanes; gradient elution) to provide the title compound as a white solid.
• H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz) δ 7.35(1H, s), 7.31 (9H, m), 7.22(6H, m), 6.76(1 H, s), 3.68(3H, s) and 3.60(2H, s) ppm.
Step L: Preparation of H -(4-Cyanobenzyl)- l H-imidazol-5-yllacetic acid methyl ester
To a solution of l-(Triphenylmethyl)-lH-imidazol-4- ylacetic acid methyl ester (8.00g, 20.9mmol) in acetonitrile (70 ml) was added bromo-p-toluonitrile (4.10g, 20.92 mmol) and heated at 55°C
for 3 hr. After this time, the reaction was cooled to room temperature and the resulting imidazolium salt (white precipitate) was collected by filtration. The filtrate was heated at 55°C for 18hr. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and evaporated in vacuo. To the residue was added EtOAc (70 ml) and the resulting white precipitate collected by filtration. The precipitated imidazolium salts were combined, suspended in methanol ( 100 ml) and heated to reflux for 30min. After this time, the solvent was removed in vacuo, the resulting residue was suspended in EtOAc (75ml) and the solid isolated by filtration and washed (EtOAc). The solid was treated with sat aq NaHCθ3 (300ml) and CH2CI2 (300ml) and stirred at room temperature for 2 hr. The organic layer was separated, dried (MgS04) and evaporated in vacuo to afford the title compound as a white solid : lHNMR(CDCT3, 400 MHz) δ 7.65(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.53(1H, s), 7.15(1H, d, J=8Hz), 7.04(1 H, s), 5.24(2H, s), 3.62(3H, s) and 3.45(2H, s) ppm.
Step M: Preparation of [ l -(4-cyanobenzyl)- l H-imidazol-5-yl]acetic acid
A solution of [l -(4-cyanobenzyl)-l H-imidazol-5-yl]acetic acid methyl ester (4.44g, 17.4mmol ) in THF ( 100ml) and 1 M lithium hydroxide (17.4 ml, 17.4 mmol) was stirred at RT for 18 hr. 1 M HCl ( 17.4 ml) was added and the THF was removed by evaporation in vacuo. The aqueous solution was lyophilized to afford the title compound containing lithium chloride as a white solid. lH NMR(CD3θD, 400 MHz) δ 8.22(1H, s), 7.74(1H, d, J=8.4Hz), 7.36(1H, d, J=8.4Hz), 7.15(1H, s), 5.43(2H, s) and 3.49(2H, s) ppm.
Step N: Preparation of N-[(l -(4-Cyanobenzyl)- l H-imidazol-5- yl)acetyl]pyrroiιdin-2(S)-ylmethyl |-3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester
11 -(4-Cyanobenzyl)- lH-imidazol-5-yl]acetic acid • LiCl (0.416 g, 1.47 mmol), pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester hydrochloride (Step I) ( 0.63 g, 1.33 mmol), HOOBT (0.239 g, 1.47 mmol), and EDC (0.281 g, 1.47 mmol) were
dissolved in degassed DMF (20 mL) with stirring at room temperature, N-methylmorpholine (0.8 mL, 5.32 mmol) was added to achieve a pH of 7, and stirring was continued overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated to remove most of the DMF, and the residue was partitioned between EtOAc and aq satd NaHCθ3 solution. The aq layer was washed with EtOAc, the organics combined, washed with brine and dried (MgSθ4). Filtration and concentration to dryness gave the title compound after chromatography on silica gel eluting with CH2C12:CH30H, 95:5. Anal, calcd for C33H46N6O4S • 0.7 H2O: C, 62.38; H, 7.52; N, 13.23; Found: C, 62.40; H, 7.17; N, 13.1 1.
FAB MS 623 (M+1 )
EXAMPLE 5
2(S)-«-Butyl-l -f l -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)piperazin-5-one
l-[ l -(4-Cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl |-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)- 2(S)-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-5-one ditrifluoroacetic acid salt
Step A: N-Methoxy-N-methyl 4-benzyloxy-2(S)-(/e/ /- butoxycarbonylamino)butanamide 4-Benzyloxy-2(S)-(/W-butoxycarbonylamino)butanoic acid
(1.00 g, 3.23 mmol) was converted to the title compound following the
procedure described in Example 24, Step A, using EDC • HCl (0.680 g, 3.55 mmol). HOBT (0.436 g, 3.23 mmol) and N,0-dimethylhydroxyl- amine hydrochloride (0.473 g, 4.85 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) at pH 7. After workup, the title compound was obtained as a clear gum.
Step B: 4-( 1 -Benzy loxyethy l)-2(S)-(/ler/-butoxycarbonylamino) butanal
The title compound was obtained by lithium aluminum hydride reduction of the product of Step A using the procedure described in Example 24, Step B.
Step C: N-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)-4-(2-benzyloxyethyl)-2-(S)-(ter/- butoxycarbonylamino)butanamine
The title compound was prepared from the product of Step C according to the procedure described in Example 24, Step C, using 2,3-dimethylaniline (0.505 mL, 4.14 mmol), sodium triacetoxyboro- hydride (1.20 g, 5.65 mmol) and crushed molecular sieves (1 g) at pH 5 in dichloroethane (20 mL). The title compound was obtained after purification on silica gel, eluting with 15% ethyl acetate in hexane.
Step D: 2(S)-(2-Benzyloxyethyl)- 1 -/m-butoxycarbonyl-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)piperazin-5-one
The title compound was prepared from the product of Step C according to the procedure described in Example 24, Step D, using chloroacetyl chloride (0.21 mL, 2.57 mmol) in 60 mL 1 : 1 ethyl acetate: saturated sodium bicarbonate, followed by reaction of the crude product with sodium hydride (0.373 g, 60% dispersion in oil, 9.32 mmol) in DMF (30 mL). After workup, the crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 30% ethyl acetate in hexane to obtain the title compound.
Step E: 1 -te^Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2(S)-(2- hydroxyethvPpiperazin-5-one
The product from Step D was dissolved in methanol (40 mL) and 10% Pd/C was added (0.160 g). The reaction was shaken under 60 psi hydrogen overnight. The catalyst was removed by filtration, and the solvent evaporated to give the title compound.
Step F: 1 -/m-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2(S)-(2- methoxyethyl)piperazin-5-one The product from Step E (0.241 g, 0.688 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (10 mL) containing methyl iodide (0.21 mL, 3.44 mmol) and the stirred solution cooled to 0°C under nitrogen. Sodium hydride (0.070 g, 60% dispersion in oil, 1.72 mmol) was added and the reaction stirred for lh. The reaction was quenched with water, and the DMF removed under vacuum. The residue was partitioned between ethyl acetate and water, and the organic phase washed with saturated brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. The crude product was chromatographed on silica gel with 40% ethyl acetate in hexane to give the title compound.
Step G: 4-(2,3-Dimethylphenyl)-2(S)-(2-methoxyethyl)-l -l4-( l - triphenylmethylimidazolvπmethyl lpiperazin-5-one The product from Step F (0.1 13 g, 0.312 mmol) was converted to the title compound according to the procedure described in Example 24, Step E, except using 30% trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane (10 mL) for 1 h for the initial deprotection. The volatiles were removed in vacuo, and the residue dissolved in dichloroethane. Triethylamine was added to obtain pH 5. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.100 g, 0.468 mmol) and 1 -tripheny Imethy 1- 4-imidazolylcarboxaldehyde (0.1 164 g, 0.343 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred overnight at 20°C then poured into saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The organic phase was washed with
saturated brine and dried over magnesium sulfate. Silica gel chroma¬ tography using 5% methanol in chloroform as eluant yielded the title compound.
Step H: l-[l -(4-Cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)-2(S)-(2-methoxyethyl)piperazin-5-one ditrifluoroacetic acid salt
The product from Step G (0.182 g, 0.312 mmol) was converted to the title compound according to the procedure described in Example 25, using 4-cyanobenzylbromide (0.061 g, 0.312 mmol) in acetonitrile (10 mL), followed by reaction of the crude imidazolium salt with triethylsilane (0.13 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) in dichloromethane (6 mL). Purification was accomplished by reverse phase preparative HPLC with a mixed gradient of 0%-70% acetonitrile/0.1 % TFA; 100%-30% 0.1 % aqueous TFA over 60 min. The title compound was isolated after lyophilization from water. FAB ms (m+ 1 ) 458.
Anal. Calc. for C27H31 N5O2 • 0.35 H2O • 2.0 TFA: C, 53.81 ; H, 4.91 ; N, 10.21. Found: C, 53.83; H, 4.95; N, 10.29.
EXAMPLE 6
N-[2(S)-N'-(l-(4-Cyanophenyl-methyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl)amino- 3(S)-methylpentyl]-N-l-naphthylmethyl-glycyl-methionine methyl ester
Preparation of N-[2(S)-N'-(1 -(4-Cyanopheny lmethyl)- lH-imidazol- 5-ylacetyl)amino-3(S)-methylpentyl]-N- 1 -naphthylmethyl-glycyl- methionine bis trifluoroacetate
Step A: Preparation of l -(Tripheny Imethy l)-l H-imidazol-4-ylacetic acid methyl ester (23)
To a suspension of lH-imidazole-4-acetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride (1, 7.48, 42.4 mmol) in methylene chloride (200 ml) was added triethylamine (17.7 ml, 127 mmol) and triphenylmethyl bromide (16.4 g, 50.8 mmol) and stirred for 72 h. After this time, reaction mixture was washed with sat. aq. sodium bicarbonate (100 ml) and water (100 ml). The organic layer was evaporated in vacuo and purified by flash chromatography (30- 100% ethyl acetate/hex anes gradient elution) to provide 23 as a white solid. l H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz) δ 7.35 ( I H, s), 7.31 (9H, m), 7.22 (6H, m), 6.76 (IH, s), 3.68 (3H, s) and 3.60 (211. s) ppm.
Step B: Preparation of l -(4-Nitropheny lmethyl)- l H-imidazol-5- ylacetic acid methyl ester (16) To a solution of 1 -(triphenylmethyl)- l H-imidazol-4-ylacetic acid methyl ester (23, 274 mg, 0.736 mmol ) in acetonitrile (10 ml) was added 4-nitrobenzylbromide (159 mg, 0.736 mmol) and heated to 55°C for 16 h. After this time, the reaction was cooled to room temperature, treated with ethyl acetate (20 ml) and the resulting precipitate was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness in vacuo and the residue was redissolved in acetonitrile (4 ml) and heated to 65 °C for 3 h. After this time, the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and combined with initial precipitate. This residue was dissolved in methanol (5 ml ) and heated to reflux for 30 min. The resulting solution was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (2-5% methanol/methylene chloride gradient elution ) to provide 16.
l H NMR (CDC13, 400 MHz) δ 8.20 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.53 (I H, s), 7.19 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.03 (IH, s), 5.28 (2H, s), 3.61 (3H, s) and 3.44 (2H, s) ppm.
Step C: l-(4-Nitrophenvlmethyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetic acid hydrochloride l -(4-Nitrophenylmethyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetic acid methyl ester (0.1 15 g, 0.42 mmol ) was dissolved in l .ON hydrochloric acid (10 ml ) and heated at 55°C for 3 h. The solution was evaporated in vacuo to give the compound as a white solid. l H NMR (CD3OD, 400 MHz) δ 9.06 ( I H, s), 8.27 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 7.61 (IH, s), 7.55 (2H, d, J=8.8 Hz), 5.63 (2H, s) and 3.81 (2H. s) ppm.
Step D: N-[2(S)-N'-( 1 -(4-Nitrophenylmethy 1)- 1 H-imidazol-5- ylacetyl)amino-3(S)-methylpentyl ]-N- 1 -naphthylmethyl- glycyl-methionine methyl ester bis trifluoroacetate
To a solution of l -(4-nitrophenylmethyl)- lH-imidazol- 5-ylacetic acid hydrochloride, N-[2(S)-amino-3(S)-methylpentyll- N-naphthylmethyl-glycyl-methionine methyl ester bis hydrochloride (209 mg, 0.392 mmol) and 3-hydroxy- 1 ,2,3-benzotriazin-4(3H)-one (HOOBT, 64 mg, 0.39 mmol) in methylene chloride ( 10 ml) was added 1 -(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC, 75.2 mg, 0.392 mmol) and triethylamine (219 μl, 1.57 mmol) and the mixture stirred overnight at room temperature. After this time, satd. aq. sodium bicarbonate (10 ml) was added and the mixture was extracted with methylene chloride. The combined extracts were washed with satd. aq. sodium bicarbonate ( 10 ml) and the solvent evaporated in vacuo.
EXAMPLE 7
2(S)-f2(S)-[2(R)-Amino-3-mercapto]propylamino-3(S)-methyl]- pentyloxy-3 -phenylpropionyl-methionine sulfone isopropyl ester
The title compound is prepared in accordance with WO 0138 published on May 1 1 , 1994, incoφorated by reference.
EXAMPLE 8
2-(2-AMINO-3-METHOXYPHENYL)
- 1 -BENZOP YR AN-4-ONE
2-nitro-3-methoxybenzoic acid (5.0 g, 0.0254 moles, 1 eq.) was combined with dichloromethane (50 mL) and dimethylformamide (0.1 mL) cooled to 0°c under nitrogen and oxalyl chloride (3.0 mL, 0.033 moles 1.3 eq) added. The reaction was allowed to stir at room temperature overnite and then concentrated to an oil. A solution of 2- hydroxyacetophenone (5.2 gm, 0.038 moles) in pyridine (5 mL) was added. After stirring (20 min) the mixture was poured into HCl in water (3%, 150 mL) and ice (50g), stirred for 30 min.and filtered. The filter cake was washed with H2O ( 10 ml) , methanol (5 mL) and H20 (5 mL).
The wet solid was resuspended in methanol (6 mL), warmed to reflux, cooled and filtered to give (4.6 g) of the nitro- substituted ester A.
Nitro ester A (2.5 g) was combined with pyridine (7 mL) warmed to 50°C and pulverized KOH (670 mg, 86%, 1.3 eq.) added. The mixture was stirred and solidified after 5 min. The mixture was acidified with acetic acid (10 mL) and filtered. The solid was the treated with acetic acid (9ml) and sulfuric acid (0.35ml) and was then heated to 100°C for 1 hour.
The reaction was cooled, poured into ice (50 gm), and extracted with ethyl acetate. The ethyl acetate extracts were dried over Na2Sθ4 and concentrated to produce the nitro-fluorone B as a solid (1.56 g).
To nitroflavone B (1.33 g) in acetic acid (60 mL) was added a solution of TiCl3/HCl solution (22 ml). The mixture was stirred for 2 hrs at RT. The mixture was poured into H2θ/NaHCθ3/ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, washed with H2O, dried over Na2Sθ4, filtered and concentrated
to a foam. The foam was chromatographed on silica using 40% ethyl acetate/hexanes to produce the title compound as a yellow foam (1.10 g).
BIOLOGICAL ASSAYS.
The ability of compounds of the present invention to inhibit cancer can be demonstrated using the following assays.
Raf kinase assay Raf kinase activity in vitro is measured by the phosphorylation of its physiological substrate MEK (Map/ERK kinase).
Phosphorylated MEK is subsequently trapped on a filter membrane and incorporation of radio-labeled phosphate is quantitated by scintillation counting.
MATERIALS
Activated Raf
Produced in Sf9 insect cells coinfected with three different baculoviruses expressing epitope-tagged Raf, and the upstream activators Val l2-H-Ras, and Lck. The epitope sequence Glu-Tyr-Met- Pro-Met-Glu ("Glu-Glu") was fused to the carboxy-terminus of full- length c-Raf.
MEK Catalytically inactive MEK is produced in Sf9 cells infected with baculovirus expressing epitope-tagged MEK with a lysine97 to alanine mutation (K97A). The epitope sequence Glu-Tyr-Met-Pro-Met- Glu ("Glu-Glu") was fused to the amino-terminus of full-length MEK 1.
Anti "Glu-Glu" antibody
A hybridoma cell line expressing an antibody specific for the "Glu-Glu" epitope was obtained from Gernot Walter, UCSD. Cells were grown and antibodies were purified as described (Grussenmeyer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 82, pp. 7952-7954, 1985).
Column buffer
20 mM Tris, pH 8, 100 mM NaCl, 1 mM EDTA, 2.5 mM EGTA, 10 mM MgCl2, 2 mM DTT, 0.4 mM AEBSF, 0.1 % n-octyl glucopyranoside, 1 nM okadeic acid, and 10 μg/ml each of benzamidine, leupeptin, pepstatin, and aprotinin (all SIGMA).
5x reaction buffer
125 mM HEPES pH=8.0, 25 mM MgCl2, 5 mM EDTA, 5 mM Na3V04, 100 μg/ml BSA
Enzyme dilution buffer
25 mM HEPES pH=8.0, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM Na3V04, 400 μg/ml BSA. Stop solution
100 mM EDTA, 80 mM sodium pyrophosphate.
Filter plates
Millipore Multiscreen #SE3M078E3, Immobilon-P (PVDF).
METHOD
Protein purification
1. Sf9 insect cells were infected with baculovirus and grown as described (Williams et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 89, pp. 2922-2926, 1992).
2. All subsequent steps were performed on ice or at 4°C. Cells were pelleted and lysed by sonication in column buffer. Lysates were spun at 17,000x g for 20 min, followed by 0.22 μm filtration. 3. Epitope-tagged proteins were purified by chromatography over a GammaBind Plus (Pharmacia) affinity column to which "Glu-Glu" antibody had been coupled. Proteins were loaded on the column, followed by washes with two column volumes of column buffer, and eluted with 50 μg/ml of peptide antigen (Glu-Tyr-Met-Pro-Met-Glu) in column buffer.
B. Raf kinase assay
1. Add 10 μl of inhibitor or control in 10% DMSO to assay plate. 2. Add 30 μl of reaction mix containing 10 μl 5x reaction buffer and 0.5 μl ImM 33P-γ-ATP (20 μCi/ml), 0.5 μl MEK (2.5 mg/ml), 1 μl 50 mM β-mercaptoethanol.
3. Start reaction by addition of 10 μl enzyme dilution buffer containing 1 mM DTT and an empirically determined amount of activated Raf that produces linear incorporation kinetics over the reaction time course.
4. Mix and incubate at room temperature for 90 min.
5. Stop reaction by addition of 50 μl stop solution.
6. Pre wet filter plate with 70% ethanol and rinse with water. 7. Transfer 90 μl aliquots of stopped reaction to filter plate.
8. Aspirate and wash four times with 200 μl H20.
9. Add 50 μl scintillation cocktail, seal plate, and count in Packard TopCount scintillation counter.
Map Kinase Phosphorylation assay
Inhibition of Raf kinase activity in intact cells is measured by determining the phosphorylation state of Map Kinase in TPA- stimulated C-33a human epithelial cells. Phosphorylated Map Kinase is detected by "Western" blot using an anti-phospho-Map Kinase antibody.
Materials C33a Human Epithelial Cells
The C33a cell line is obtained from the ATCC repository, catalog # H TB31 , and is maintained in DMEM (Mediatech) + 10 % fetal bovine serum +1 % penicillin/streptomycin (Gibco) according to the instructions provided.
Anti-phospho-MAP Kinase antibody
The rabbit polyclonal anti-phospho-MAP kinase antibody is obtained from New England Biolabs (Beverly, MA)
Secondary antibody
The anti-rabbit antibody-alkaline phosphatase conjugate is obtained from New England Biolabs
Acrylamide Gel
Ten percent /?/\y-acrylamide electrophoresis gels were obtained from Novex.
Blocking Buffer lx Phosphate-buffered saline, 0.1 % Tween-20, 5 % nonfat dry milk.
Antibody dilution buffer lx phosphate-buffered saline, 0.05 % Tween-20, 5 % bovine serum albumin
Alkaline phosphatase substrate
The chemiluminescent alkaline phosphatase substrate, CDP-Star™, is obtained from New England Biolabs.
Assay Buffer
0.1 M diethanol amine, 1 mM MgCl2-
Method
1. C33a cells are grown to confluency in 24 well plates, then starved for 24 hr in DMEM + 0.5 % charcoal-stripped serum.
2. Compound to be tested, dissolved in DMSO at lOOOx concentration, is added to each well.
3. One hour later, TPA (dissolved in DMSO at lOOOx concentratrion) is added at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml.
Twenty minutes later, the media is removed from all wells, and 100 μl of boiling hot reducing Laemmli sample buffer is added to each well. The plate is agitated, and the cell lysate is transferred to a 1.5 ml plastic microcentrifuge tube. Each lysate is then sonicated for 10 s, and placed in a boiling water bath for 5- 10 minutes. Fifteen microliters of each sample is then loaded on a 10% Laemmli polyacrylamide gel (Novex), and the gel electrophoresed according to the manufacturer's instructions.
5. Proteins in the gel are electroblotted to a PVDF membrane, which is then rinsed in PBS and blocked with Blocking Buffer for approximately 1 hr at room temperature.
6. The PVDF membrane is rinsed in PBS. The anti-phospho-MapK antibody, diluted approximately 1 :500 in antibody dilution buffer, is incubated with the PVDF membrane with gentle agitation overnight at 4°C.
7. The PVDF membrane is rinsed 3 times for 5 minutes with Blocking Buffer, then incubated with the secondary antibody, diluted approximately 1 : 1000 in antibody dilution buffer, for 1 hr with gentle agitation at room temperature.
8. The PVDF membrane is rinsed 5 times for 5 minutes with Blocking Buffer, then incubated with the chemiluminescent alkaline phosphatase substrate dissolved in Assay Buffer for approximately 5 minutes. The membrane is then rinsed, wrapped in plastic, and exposed to x-ray film to detect blotted proteins.
In the Raf kinase inhibition assay, the IC50 ranges from about 0.00 lμM to about 1.5 μM.
In vitro inhibition of ras famesyl transferase
Assays of farnesyl-protein transferase. Partially purified bovine FPTase and Ras peptides (Ras-CVLS, Ras-CVIM and Ras-CAIL) were prepared as described by Schaber et al.. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 14701 -14704 (1990), Pompliano, et al-, Biochemistry 31 :3800 (1992) and Gibbs et ah, PNAS U.S.A. 86:6630-6634 (1989), respectively. Bovine FPTase was assayed in a volume of 100 μl containing 100 mM /V-(2-hydroxy ethyl) piperazine - N'-(2-ethane sulfonic acid) (HEPES), pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCb, 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), 100 mM pHl-farnesyl diphosphate (pHJ-FPP; 740 CBq/mmol, New England Nuclear), 650 nM Ras-CVLS and 10 μg/ml FPTase at 31°C for 60 min. Reactions were initiated with FPTase and stopped with 1 ml of 1.0 M HCL in ethanol. Precipitates were collected onto filter-mats using a TomTec Mach II cell harvestor, washed with 100% ethanol, dried and counted in an LKB β-plate counter. The assay was linear with respect to both substrates, FPTase levels and time; less than 10% of the pHJ-FPP was utilized during the reaction period. Purified compounds were dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and were diluted 20-fold into the assay. Percentage inhibition is measured by the amount of incorporation of radioactivity in the presence of the test compound when compared to the amount of incorporation in the absence of the test compound.
Human FPTase was prepared as described by Omer et al.. Biochemistry 32:5167-5176 (1993). Human FPTase activity was assayed as described above with the exception that 0.1 % (w/v) polyethylene glycol 20,000, 10 μM ZnCl2 and 100 ΠM Ras-CVIM were added to the reaction mixture. Reactions were performed for 30 min., stopped with 100 μl of 30% (v/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in ethanol and processed as described above for the bovine enzyme. The famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compounds are tested for inhibitory activity against human FPTase by the assay described above and the compounds can generally be found to have IC50 of approximately 50 μM.
In vivo ras farnesylation assay
The cell line used in this assay is a v-ras line derived from either Ratl or N1H3T3 cells, which expressed viral Ha-ras p21. The assay is performed essentially as described in DeClue, J.E. et al., Cancer Research 51 :712-717, (1991). Cells in 10 cm dishes at 50-75% confluency are treated with the test compound (final concentration of solvent, methanol or dimethyl sulfoxide, is 0.1 %). After 4 hours at 37°C, the cells are labelled in 3 ml methionine-free DMEM supple- meted with 10% regular DMEM, 2% fetal bovine serum and 400 mCi[35S]methionine (1000 Ci/mmol). After an additional 20 hours, the cells are lysed in 1 ml lysis buffer (1 % NP40/20 mM HEPES, pH 7.5/5 mM MgCl2/lmM DTT/10 mg/ml aprotinen/2 mg/ml leupeptin/2 mg/ml antipain/0.5 mM PMSF) and the lysates cleared by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 45 min. Aliquots of lysates containing equal numbers of acid-precipitable counts are bought to 1 ml with IP buffer (lysis buffer lacking DTT) and immunoprecipitated with the ras-specific monoclonal antibody Y13-259 (Furth, M.E. et al, J. Virol. 43:294-304, (1982)). Following a 2 hour antibody incubation at 4°C, 200 ml of a 25% suspension of protein A-Sepharose coated with rabbit anti rat IgG is added for 45 min. The immunoprecipitates are washed four times with IP buffer (20 nM HEPES, pH 7.5/1 mM EDTA/1 % Triton X- 100.0.5% deoxycholate/0.1 %/SDS/0.1 M NaCl) boiled in SDS-PAGE sample buffer and loaded on 13% acrylamide gels. When the dye front reached the bottom, the gel is fixed, soaked in Enlightening, dried and autoradiographed. The intensities of the bands corresponding to farnesylated and nonfarnesylated ras proteins are compared to determine the percent inhibition of famesyl transfer to protein.
In vivo growth inhibition assay To determine the biological consequences of FPTase inhibition, the effect of the compounds of the instant invention on the anchorage-independent growth of Ratl cells transformed with either a v-ras, v-raf, or v-mos oncogene is tested. Cells transformed by v-Raf
and v-Mos maybe included in the analysis to evaluate the specificity of instant compounds for Ras-induced cell transformation.
Rat 1 cells transformed with either v-ras, v-raf, or v-mos are seeded at a density of 1 x 104 cells per plate (35 mm in diameter) in a 0.3% top agarose layer in medium A (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum) over a bottom agarose layer (0.6%). Both layers contain 0.1 % methanol or an appro¬ priate concentration of the instant compound (dissolved in methanol at 1000 times the final concentration used in the assay). The cells are fed twice weekly with 0.5 ml of medium A containing 0.1 % methanol or the concentration of the instant compound. Photomicrographs are taken 16 days after the cultures are seeded and comparisons are made.
Protocol for MEK Protein Kinase-MEKKA
I. INTRODUCTION
MAP kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase) or ERK (extracellular signal regulated kinase) plays an important role in the growth factor signal transduction. ERK is activated by both tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation upon growth factor stimulation. The phosphorylation is mediated by a protein kinase which is known as MAP kinase kinase or MEK(MAP kinase or ERK kinase). MEK1 and MEK2 encode 393 and 400 amino acids respectively. Both proteins are similar and stimulate threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation on ERK.
II. EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES
Costar round bottom polypropylene plates (#3974) Magnetic plate stirrer
Millipore 0.45 uM Immobilon-P Membrane (Millipore MAIPNOB50) Packard Multiscreen Adaptor (#PPN6005178) Packard Plate Sealer
Packard Top Count pH Meter
12 or 8-channel pipette Repeater pipette TOMTEC Quadra 96 pipettor TomTech Filtration unit Top Seal-S (Packard #6005161 ) Transtar-96 (Costar #7605) Transtar-96 Cartridges (Costar #7606) Transtar-96 Elevator (Costar #7610)
III. REAGENTS
Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (Pharmacia #27- 1006-01 ) 33[pj_γ_ATP (NEN #602H)/32[pj-γ-ATP (Amersham #AA0018)
Bovine Serum Albumin (Sigma #A-7030)
EDTA (Sigma #60-00-4)
HEPES (Sigma #H-3375)
Magnesium Chloride (Fluka #63064) MEK Enzyme (Merck -West Point) β-Mercaptoethanol (Sigma #M-3148)
GST-MAPK Substrate(Merck-West Point)
Sodium Hydroxide pellets (Sigma #0899)
Sodium Orthovanadate (Sigma #S6508) Sodium Pyrophosphate (Sigma #13472-36-1 )
Tris (Sigma #77-86-1)
IV. PREPARATION BEFORE ASSAY
A. Buffers/Reagents:
1. ASSAY BUFFER (lOx) - (Final assay Cone. 50mM HEPES, 15mM MgCl2, lOOug/ml BSA, 400uM Sodium Orthovanadate, ImM EDTA pH 8.0)
a. Dissolve 119.15g HEPES (MW 238.3), 30.4965g Magnesium Chloride (MW 203.31 ) lg BSA, 0.7356g Sodium Orthovanadate (MW 183.9), 2.922g EDTA (MW 292.2) in 800 ml of water, adjust pH to 8.0 and adjust volume to
1000 ml
b. Aliquot and store at -20°C
2. ENZYME BUFFER (10X) - (Final assay Cone. 25mM HEPES, 200ug/ml BSA, 200uM Sodium Orthovanadate, 500uM EDTA pH 8.0)
a. Dissolve 59.575g HEPES (MW 238.3), 2g BSA, 0.3678g Sodium Orthovanadate (MW 183.9), 1.461 g EDTA (MW
292.2) in 800ml of water, adjust pH to 8.0 and adjust volume to 1000ml.
b. Aliquot and store at -20°C.
3. Cold ATP - lOmM (Final cone lOμM)
a. Dissolve 0.06052g of Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate (MW 605.2) in 10ml water.
b. Aliquot and store at -20°C.
4. Staurosporine MW466.5 (IC50 ~ InM)
a. Dissolve in DMSO for storage.
b. Further dilute in 50% DMSO as needed.
5. 1 M EDTA MW 292.2
a. Dissolve 292.2g in 700ml of water, increase pH with NaOH pellets
b. Neutralize EDTA solution
6. IL STOP SOLUTION 250mM EDTA, 250mM Sodium Pyrophosphate (Final assay cone. 125mM EDTA, 125mM Sodium Pyrophosphate)
a. Add 1 1 1.525g of Sodium Pyrophosphate (MW 446.1 ) to
500ml water in 1 -2L beaker.
b. Add 250ml of 1M EDTA solution (see above step 5)
c. Stir until all dissolved (addition of heat necessary to dissolve Sodium Pyrophosphate).
d. Bring level of solution to 1 L.
7. β-Mercaptoethanol (Final Cone. 2.38mM)
a. Dilute 1 : 100 of 14.3M solution in water.
b. Prepare fresh before assay.
8. 20mM Tris Buffer pH 8.0
a. Add 2.4228g Tris (MW 121.14) to 800ml water.
b. Adjust pH to 8.0, adjust volume to 1000ml.
V. ASSAY PROCEDURES
A. Sample Preparation
1. Resuspend MEK extracted samples in 100% DMSO and dilute with 50% aqueous DMSO for a final assay concentration of 5 to 20 μl wbe/ml (to be piloted at CIBE). The final solvent concentration should be 2.5% DMSO.
2. The C-18 extracts are dissolved in 75% aqueous DMSO and then diluted with 50% aqueous DMSO.
B. Reagent Preparation
MAPK MIX - Total Volume 40μl/well - See table below, scale up as needed, keep all reagents on ice until use
Order of addition is important: Water, buffer, β- Mercaptoethanol, then GST-MAPK Protein Substrate should be added last.
*Note: Volume of GST-MAPK Protein Substrate subject to change from batch to batch, please adjust volume of water when necessary
2. MEK/ATP MIX - (33[P].γ-ATP - final cone 20uCi/ml/Cold ATP - final cone lOuM in assay) - Total Volume 20μl/well
a. Store 33[P]_γ_ATP (easy tides) or 32rp]_γ_ATP (redivue) at
40C.
b. See Table below for recipe, scale up as needed, keep on ice until use
Order of addition is important: Water, buffer, β- Mercaptoethanol, cold ATP, Hot ATP, and then enzyme should be added last.
* Note: Amount of Hot ATP is subject to change. Volume of MEK Enzyme subject to change from batch to batch, please adjust volume of water when necessary
C. Assay Steps
1. Add with Quadra 96 to round bottom polyproylene plate: 35μl water + 5μl DMSO sample or pos control (50mM EDTA Final) or IC50 (Staurosporine). Both positive control (in triplicate) and IC50 should be run for each plate.
2. Add 40μl of MAP mix per well with 8 or 12-channel pipette
3. Add 20μl of MEK/ATP dilution per well with 8 or 12- channel pipette
4. Incubate at room temp, for 2hr
5. Add lOOμl of stop solution
6. Pre-wet filter plate with lOOμl Methanol
7. Wash filter plate 3X with lOOμl water per well
8. Transfer 175ul liquid from polypropylene plate to filter plate with the Transtar 96 pipettor (remember to change cartridges after each plate)
9. Filter wells using the TomTec filtration unit - stop vacuum
10. Wash plate 5 times with 300μl of 20mM Tris buffer pH 8.0 per well (stop vacuum after each filtration) with Quadra 96 in dry mode.
1 1. Peel off bottom of filter, blot bottom of plate dry with paper towels
12. Place plate adaptor on filter plate
D. Counting Procedure
1. Add 50μl of Microscint-20 scintillation fluid with repeater pipette
2. Seal plate with plate sealer - use Packard Top Seal-S
3. Place plate in Top Count.
VI. CALCULATION
When the broth extract shows more than 65% and dose-related inhibition in MEKKA with low activity in both RAFKA and CyDKIK E2 the broth is considered an interesting active for further study at Rahway and West Point..
Viπ. REFERENCES
1. Crews et al., Science 258A 478-480, 1992.
2. Zheng and Guan, J. Biol Chem. 268, 1 1435-1 1439, 1993.
3. Wu et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 173-177, 1993.
4. Cowley et al., Cell 77, 841 -852, 1994.
Claims
1. A method of treating cancer comprising admininstering to a mammalian patient in need of such treatment an effective amount of a MEK inhibiting compound and an effective amount of a famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound.
2. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: cancers of the brain, genitourinary tract, lymphatic system, stomach, larynx and lung.
3. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: histiocytic lymphoma, lung adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancers.
4. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of: pancreatic and breast carcinoma.
5. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the MEK inhibiting compound is selected from the group consisting of:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
6. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 1 wherein the famesyl transferase inhibiting compound is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a compound represented by one of formulas (Il-a) through (II-c):
or a pharmaceuticaly acceptable salt thereof, wherein with respect to formula (Il-a):
(Il-a)
R l a and Rib are independently selected from:
190
a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl,
C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 1<>C(O)NR 10-, CN,
N02, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(0)NR10-, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R1 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R l °)2N-C(NR10)., R10 C(O)-, R10oC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R l lOC^-NR 1 -;
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: II; unsubstituted or substituted Cl -8 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkenyl, unsubstituted or substituted C2-8 alkynyl, unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle,
wherein the substituted group is substituted with one or more of:
1 ) aryl or heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkyl, b) (CH2)pOR6, c) (CH2)pNR6R7, d) halogen,
2) C3-6 cycloalkyl,
3) OR6, 4) SR6, S(0)R6, SO2R6,
R2 and R3 are attached to the same C atom and are combined to form - (CH2)u - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a 0 moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR' O)- ;
R4 and R^ are independently selected from H and CH3;
and any two of R2, R3, R4 and R^ are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
R6, R7 and R?a are independently selected from: H; Cl-4 alkyl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkoxy, b) aryl or heterocycle, c) halogen, d) e,
f) — S02R1 1 , or g) N(R1 0)2; or
R6 and R? may be joined in a ring; R7 and R?a may be joined in a ring;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, RK>0-,
R 1 J S(0)m-, R10c(O)NR10-, CN, Nθ2, R102N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R !0OC(O)-, N3, -N(R Ϊ0)2, or
R l lOC(O)NR10., and c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R ^O-, R l l S(0)m-, R'0c(O)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R^C^)-, R10oC(O)-,
N3, -N(R]0)2, or R10θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R^S^m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02,
(R10)2N-C-(NR 10)-, R 10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(0)NR 1 0-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10o-, R l l S(0)m-. R l 0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-. R ' ϋOC(O)-, N3,
-N(R 10)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)NR ] °-;
R10 is independently selected from hydrogen, C ] -C6 alkyl, benzyl and aryl;
R l l is independently selected from C1 -C6 alkyl and aryl;
Al and A^ are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NR10-, -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R l O)-, -S(0)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(0)2-, or S(0)m;
V is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) heterocycle, c) aryl, d) C1 -C2O alkyl wherein from 0 to 4 carbon atoms are replaced with a a heteroatom selected from O, S, and N, and e) C2-C20 alkenyl, provided that V is not hydrogen if A ^ is S(0)m and V is not hydrogen if A * is a bond, n is 0 and A 2 is S(0)m;
W is a heterocycle;
- 194 -
X is -CH2-, -C(=0)-, or -S(=0)m-;
Yis aryl, heterocycle, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more ; of:
1) Cl-4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with a) Cl-4 alkoxy, b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO, f) -S(0)mR6, or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
2) aryl or heterocycle,
3) halogen,
4) OR6,
5) NR6R7,
6) CN,
7) N02,
8) CF3;
9) -S(0)mR6,
10) -C(0)NR6R7, or
11) C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
m is 0, 1 or 2; n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; r is 0 to 5, provided that r is 0 when V is hydrogen; s is Oor l; tis Oor 1; and u is 4 or 5;
with respect to formula (II-b):
(ll-b)
Rla, Rib, RlO, Rl l , m, R2, R3, R6, R7, p, R7a, u> R8, Al , A2, V, W, X, n, p, r, s, t and u are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R4 is selected from H and CH3;
and any two of R^, R3 and R4 are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) alkenyl, alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-,
Ri Ϊ SΓΌW, R10C(O)NR ! 0-, CN, N02, (R 10)2N-C-(NR 10)-, R 1 °C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(Rl°)2, or Rl lθC(0)NR 10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10c(O)NR Ϊ 0-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)NR 10-;
G is H2 or O;
Z is aryl, heteroaryl, arylmethyl, heteroarylmethyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following: 1 ) Cl -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with: a) Cl -4 alkoxy,
b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO, f) -S(0)mR6, or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
2) aryl or heterocycle,
3) halogen,
4) OR°>
5) NR6R7,
6) CN,
7) N02,
8) CF3;
9) -S(0)mR°,
10) -C(0)NR6R7, or
1 1 ) C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
with respect to formula (II-c):
Rla, Rib, RlO, Rl l , m, R2, R3, R6, R7, p, u, R?a, RX, Al , A2, V, W, X, n, r and t are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R4 is selected from H and CH3;
and any two of R^, R3 and R4 are optionally attached to the same carbon atom;
7/4541
- 197 -
G is 0;
Z is aryl, heteroaryl, arylmethyl, heteroarylmethyl, arylsulfonyl, heteroarylsulfonyl, unsubstituted or substituted with one or more of the following:
1) Cl -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with a) Cl -4 alkoxy, b) NR6R7, c) C3-6 cycloalkyl, d) aryl or heterocycle, e) HO,
0 -S(0)mR6, or g) -C(0)NR6R7,
2) aryl or heterocycle,
3) halogen,
4) OR6 '
5) NR6R7,
6) CN,
7) N02,
8) CF3;
9) -S(0)mR6
10) -C(0)NR6R7, or
1 1 ) C3-C6 cycloalkyl;
and
s is 1 ;
(b) a compound represented by formula (Il-d) through (Il-g):
wherein with respect to formula (Il-d):
R l 1 , V, W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (H-a);
Rl a and R^ D are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R 1 °)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)NR 10-, c) C] -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, R l lS(0)m-, R 10C(0)NR 10-, CN,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10oC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)-NR 10-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10_, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10o,
Rl l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)NR 10-, and
d) Cl -Cό alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C 10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R l O)2, N02, R10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R 10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, R l lOC(O)NR l0- and C1 -C2O alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (Cll2)s - ;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C2O alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl,
C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, CL Br, CF3, N(R10)2, N02, R 10O-, RHS(0)m-, R l0c(O)NR l0-, CN, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R lOc(O)-,
R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2, R l lθC(O)NR l 0- and C1-C20 alkyl, d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C 10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl,
c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C 10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R lOO-, Rl l S(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, NO2, R102N-C(NR lO)-,
R l0C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R l O)2, or R H OC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6
alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R l lS(0)m-, R10c(O)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R10θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl,
F, Cl, Br, R10o-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02, (R10)2N-C-(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R l l OC(O)NR10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 10C(0)NR 10_, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, C1 -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
A l and A^ are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NR10., -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, -S(O)2N(R10)-,
-N(R10)S(0)2-, or S(0)m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1 ;
with respect to formula (Il-e):
Rl 1 , W, m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (II- a);
Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, N02, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(R10)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R]0θ-, RHS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10., CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(Rl°)2, or Rl lθC(O)-NR10-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, RllS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or RHOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, Rl°0, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10., CN, Nθ2,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R 11 OC(0)NR 1 °-, and
d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C l -C?0 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R!0)2, Nθ2, R l°0-, R 1 ^(OJm-, R l0C(O)NR l0-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR l O)-. R l 0c(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(Rl O)2, R l l θC(0)NR 10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - :
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, CF3, N(R10)2, N02, R 10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R l0)2N-C(NR l0)-, R10c(O)-,
R10oC(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2, Rl lθC(O)NR10- and
C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R° is a) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cyclic amine, wherein the substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or cyclic amine is substituted with 1 or 2 substituents independently selected from:
1 ) C1-C6 alkyl,
2) aryl,
3) heterocycle,
4) -N(R l l )2,
5) -OR 10, or
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl,
e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle,
C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C] -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl and Q -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R l°0-, R l l S(0)m-, R10c(O)NR10-, CN, NO2, R I 02N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or
R 1 1 OC(O)NR 10-, and c) C1 -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R H S(0)m-, R10c(O)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, or R10θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl,
F, Cl, Br, R10O-, R 1 l S(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, Nθ2, (R 10)2N-C-(NR 10)-, R 10c(O)-, R 1 °OC(0)-, N3 , -N(R10)2, or R l lOC(O)NR10-, and
c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10<3-, RllS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)_, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, orRHθC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
R12 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
R13 is C1-C6 alkyl;
Al and A 2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C— C-, -C(O)-, -C(O)NR10_, -NRIOQOK O, -N(RlO)-, -S(O)2N(R10).,
-N(R10)S(O)2-,orS(O)m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1;
with respect to formula (II-f):
Rl 1, V, W. m, n, p and r are as defined above with respect to formula (H-a);
Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R^O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(R 10)2 or R 11 OC(0)NR 10- , c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocyclyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, Rl°0-, R l lS(0)m-, R10c(O)NR 10-, CN, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3,
-N(R10)2, or R l l θC(O)-NR10-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or R l lOC(O)NR10_, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R l°C(O)NR10-, CN. NO2,
(R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10c(O)-, R l °OC(0)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R l 1 OC(O)NR 10-, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group,
wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(RiO)2, Nθ2, Rl°0-, Rl ^(OW, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10oC(O)-, N3, -N(RiO)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen,
b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl, e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl and CJ -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R J 0O-,
R l l S(0)m-, R l OC(0)NR lO-, CN, NO2, R , 02N-C(NR lO)-, R l OC(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R l O)2, or R HθC(O)NR10-, and
c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, RllS(0)m-, R10C(0)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or R10θC(O)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, RiOθ-, Rl lS(0)m-, R1°C(O)NR10-, CN, N02,
(R10)2N-C-(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, RlOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(0)NR 10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10o-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, RlOθC(O)-, N3,
-N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, C]-C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
Rl2 is hydrogen or C1-C6 alkyl;
Rl3 is C1-C6 alkyl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -CΞC-, -C(O)-. -C(O)NR10-, -NRIOC(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, -S(O)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(O)2-,orS(O)m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3,4 or 5; and uis 0 or 1;
with respect to formula (Il-g):
Rl 1, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
Rla and Rib are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R^O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN.
N02,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R 11 OC(0)NR 10-, c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, R10o-, Rl lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)-NR10-;
R2a and R2b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by C2-C6 alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or RllOC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, R 10θ-, R 11 S(0)m-. R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, NO2,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10oC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or Rl lOC(O)NR10_, and d) Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R3 and R4 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C2O alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br,
N(R10)2, N02, R10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR l O)-, R l Oc(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR l0- and C1 -C2O alkyl, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R3 and R4 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ;
X-Y is
R7a is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle, d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, and e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R7b is selected from a) hydrogen, b) unsubstituted or substituted aryl, c) unsubstituted or substituted heterocycle,
d) unsubstituted or substituted C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, e) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, f) a carbonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl and C1-C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl, and g) a sulfonyl group which is bonded to an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle, C3-C 10 cycloalkyl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with hydrogen or an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R8 is independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl. C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R lOO-, Rl lS(0)m-, R1 0C(O)NR l °-, CN, N02, R 1 02N-C(NR lO)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R l 0)2, or Rl lOC(O)NR10-, and c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by aryl, heterocycle, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R 10θ-, R 1 1 S(0)m-, R10C(O)NH-, CN, H2N-C(NH)-, R l Oc(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or RlθQC(0)NH-;
R9 is selected from: a) hydrogen, b) C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, perfluoroalkyl,
F, Cl, Br, R10O-, RH S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR10_, CN, N02, (R10)2N-C-(NR 10)-, R 10C(O)-, R l OθC(O)-, N3, -N(R 10)2, or R 1 1 OC(0)NR 10-, and
c) C1-C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by perfluoroalkyl, F, Cl, Br, R10O-, RH S(0)m-, R1 0C(O)NR10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, or Rl l OC(O)NR10-;
R10 is independently selected from H, C] -C6 alkyl, benzyl, substituted aryl and C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with substituted aryl;
R 12 is hydrogen or Cl -C6 alkyl;
Rl3 is C1 -C6 alkyl;
Al and A2 are independently selected from: a bond, -CH=CH-, -C=C-, -C(O)-, -C(0)NRl°-, -NR10C(O)-, O, -N(R10)-, -S(0)2N(R10)-, -N(R10)S(O)2-, or S(O)m;
Z is independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1;
(c) a compound represented by one of formulas (Il-h) through (Il-k):
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RIO, Rl l , Al, A2, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (II -a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1 -C2O alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, R10O-, R l lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR l0-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NRl O)-, R lOc(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, R1 10C(0)NR 1 °- and Q -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R10o-,
Rl lS(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-, CN, N3, (R 1°)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or Rl lθC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, Rl l S(0)m-, R10c(O)NR10-, CN, Nθ2, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, or R l l θC(O)NR10_, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C 10 cycloalkyl;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted C] -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, R l°0-, R l l S(0)m-, R10C(O)NR 10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and C1 -C2O alkyl, d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10). ;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or Cl -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1;
with respect to formula (Il-i):
Rla, Rib, R8, R9, RlO, Rl 1 , Al , A2, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or
ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C2O alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, R10O-, R l lS(0)m-, R10C(O)NR10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 10θ-, RnS(0)m-, R10c(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R lOC(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R lO)2, or R l l OC(O)NR l0-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R lOO-, R l lS(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, N02,
(R 10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10c(O)-, R lOθC(O)-, N3, -N(R lO)2 or Rl lOC(0)NR10-, and d) C 1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R5a and R5b are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, c) substituted or unsubstituted Cl-C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocycle group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, R10O-, R l l S(0)m-, R 10C(0)NR 10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lθC(O)NRΪ 0. and C1 -C20 alkyl, d) Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R5a and R5b are combined to form - (CH2)s - wherein one of the carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a moiety selected from: O, S(0)m, -NC(O)-, and -N(COR10)- ;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C] -C6 alkyl;
Rl2 is a) substituted or unsubstituted C1-C8 alkyl or substituted or unsubstituted C5-C8 cycloalkyl, wherein the substituent on the alkyl or cycloalkyl is selected from:
1 ) aryl,
2) heterocycle,
3) -N(Rl l)2,
4) -OR10, or b)
Rl3 is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C6 alkyl;
Rl4 is independently selected from C1-C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
s IS 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1;
with respect to formula (II-j):
Rla, Rib, RS, R9, RlO, Rl l, Al , A2, V, W, m, n, p and r are as previously defined with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and
c) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, C3-C10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R10)2, N02, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R!0C(O)NR 10-, CN, (R10)2N-C(NR 10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) C1-C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and C3-C10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R 2 or R 3 are combined with R6 to form a ring such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -C6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R 1 °θ-,
R1 ^(O^-, R10C(O)NR l°-, CN, N3, (R 10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10θC(O)-, -N(R10)2, or RHθC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, R1 !S(0)m-, R ! 0C(O)NR 10-, CN, NO2, (Rl°)2N- C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-,
N3, -N(R10)2 or R l l OC(O)NR10-, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is O or 1 ;
Rla, Ri b, RX, R9, RlO, Rl l , A l , A2, V, W, m, n, p, and r are as defined above with respect to formula (Il-a);
R2 and R3 are independently selected from: a) a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid, b) an oxidized form of a side chain of a naturally occurring amino acid which is: i) methionine sulfoxide, or ii) methionine sulfone, and c) substituted or unsubstituted Cl -C20 alkyl, C2-C2O alkenyl,
C3-C 10 cycloalkyl, aryl or heterocyclyl group, wherein the substituent is selected from F, Cl, Br, N(R l0)2, N02, R lOO-, R l l S(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR 10-,
CN, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R10θC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2, Rl lOC(O)NR10- and C1 -C20 alkyl, and d) Cl -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocycle and
C3-C 10 cycloalkyl; or
R2 and R3 are combined to form - (CH2)s - ; or
R2 or R3 are combined with R6 to form a rinii, such that
R4a, R4b, R7a and R7b are independently selected from: a) hydrogen, b) Cl -Cβ alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by alkenyl, R10(3-, RπS(0)m-, R10c(O)NR10-, CN, N3, (R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10C(O)-, R10oC(O)-, -N(R l O)2, or R l l OC(O)NR10-, c) aryl, heterocycle, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, R10O-, Rl lS(0)m-, R 10C(O)NR10-, CN, NO2,
(R10)2N-C(NR10)-, R10c(O)-, R 1 0OC(O)-, N3, -N(R10)2 or R l 10C(0)NR 10-, and d) C1 -C6 alkyl substituted with an unsubstituted or substituted group selected from aryl, heterocyclyl and C3-C10 cycloalkyl;
R6 is independently selected from hydrogen or C 1 -C6 alkyl;
Q is a substituted or unsubstituted nitrogen-containing C4-C9 mono or bicyclic ring system, wherein the non-nitrogen containing ring may be an aromatic ring, a C5-C7 saturated ring or a heterocycle;
X, Y and Z are independently H2 or O;
q is 0, 1 or 2; s is 4 or 5; t is 3, 4 or 5; and u is 0 or 1.
7. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 5 wherein the MEK inhibiting compound is:
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
8. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 6 wherein the famesyl transferase inhibiting compound is
(a) a compound represented by one of formulas (Il-a) through (II-c):
(Il-a)
selected from the group consisting of:
2(S)-butyl- 1 -(2,3-diaminoprop- 1 -yl)- 1 -( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -(3-amino-2-(2-naphthylmethy lamino)prop- 1 -yl)-2(S)-buty l-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-butyl- 1 - { 5-[ 1 -(2-naphthy lmethyl)]-4,5-dihydroimidazol } methyI-4- ( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -[5-(l -benzylimidazol)methyl]-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 - { 5-[ 1 -(4-nitrobenzyl)limidazolylmethyl } -2(S)-butyl-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -(3-acetamidomethylthio-2(R)-aminoprop- 1 -yl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoy 1 )piperazine ;
2(S)-butyl-l -[2-(l -imidazolyl)ethylJsulfonyl-4-( l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(R)-buty 1- 1 -imidazoly 1-4-methy l-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)- l-(3-pyridylmethyl)piperazine;
1 -2(S)-butyl-(2(R)-(4-nitrobenzyl)amino-3-hydroxypropyl)-4-( 1 naphthoyl )piperazine;
l -(2(R)-amino-3-hydroxyheptadecyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)- piperazine;
2(S)-benzyl-l -imidazolyl-4-methyl-4-( 1 -naphthoy l)piperazine;
1 -(2(R)-amino-3-(3-benzylthio)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( I - naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -(2(R)-amino-3-[3-(4-nitrobenzylthio)propylJ)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-butyl- 1 -[(4-imidazolyl)ethyl]-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-butyl- l -[(4-imidazolyl)methyl |-4-(l -naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-butyl- 1 -[(1 -naphth-2-ylmethyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-butyl- l -f(l -naphth-2-ylmethyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl j-4-( 1 - naphthoyI)piperazine;
1 -(2(R)-amino-3-hydroypropyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
1 -(2(R)-amino-4-hydroxybutyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)piperazine;
l -(2-amino-3-(2-benzyloxyphenyl)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
l -(2-amino-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)propyl)-2(S)-butyl-4-(l - naphthoy l)piperazine;
1 -[3-(4-imidazolyl)propyl]-2(S)-butyI-4-( I -naphthoyl)-piperazine;
2(S)-/7-butyl-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)- 1 -(4-imidazolylmethyl)- piperazin-5-one;
2(S)-/7-butyl-l -f l-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)piperazin-5-one;
l -[ l-(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl |-4-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)- 2(S)-(2-methoxyethyI)piperazin-5-one;
2(S)-«-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -[ 1 -( 1 -naphthy Imethy l)imidazol-5- ylmethyl] -piperazine;
2(S)-/7-buty l-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -[ 1 -(2-naphthylmethyl )imidazol-5- ylmethyl]-piperazine;
2(S)-n-buty 1- 1 -f 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-y Imethy I ]-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-/7-butyl- l-f l -(4-methoxybenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(l- naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-/?-butyl-l -[l-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-4-(] naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-«-butyl-l -[l -(4-fluorobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyI]-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-/ϊ-butyl- 1 -[ 1 -(4-chlorobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl ]-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
l -[l -(4-bromobenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-2(S)-/7-butyl-4-(l - naphthoyl)piperazine;
2(S)-/2-butyl-4-(l -naphthoyl)-l -[ l -(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)imidazol-5- ylmethylj -piperazine;
2(S)-n-butyl-l -| 1 -(4-methylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl l-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)-piperazine;
2(S)-«-butyl- 1 -L 1 -(3-methylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethylJ-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)-piperazine;
1 -[ 1 -(4-phenylbenzyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyl]-2(S)-/7-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoyl)-piperazine;
2(S)-/z-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -11 -(2-phenylethyl)imidazol-5-ylmethyll- piperazine;
2(S)-/7-butyl-4-( 1 -naphthoyl)- 1 -[ 1 -(4-trifluoromethoxy)imidazol-5- ylmethyljpiperazine;
1 - { [ 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)-l H-imidazol-5-ylJacetyl } -2(S)-/i-butyl-4-( 1 - naphthoy l)piperazine;
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
9. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 6 wherein the famesyl transferase inhibiting compound is (b) a compound represented by one of formulas (Il-d) through (Il-g):
selected from the group consisting of:
N-[l-(4-imidazoleacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l- naphthy Imethy Oglycylmethionine
N-[ 1 -(4-imidazoleacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthyl- methyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-l l-(2(S),3-diaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycy 1-methionine;
N-11 -(2(S),3-diaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(3-aminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ l -(3-aminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylj-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(2(S)-amino-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- ylmethyl] -N-(l -naphthy Imethy l)glycy 1-methionine;
N-[ l -(2(S)-amino-3-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- y lmethyl ]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-11 -(3-amino-2(S)-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- ylmethylJ-N-( l -naphthy Imethy l)glycy 1-methionine;
N-Ll-(3-amino-2(S)-benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin- 2(S)- y lmethyl ]-N-(l -naphthylmefhyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(L-glutaminyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethyl |-N-( 1 naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(L-glutaminy I)pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethyl ] -N-( 1 naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[l -(L-histidyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine ;
N-[ 1 -(L-histidy l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 11 -N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)gIycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(D-histidyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -(D-histidyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(L-pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl |-N-( I - naphthylmethy l)glycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(L-pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl |-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester ;
2(S)-[ l-(2(S)-pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxyl-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(S)-f l -(2(S)-pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxyj-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-[ 1 -(2(S)-pyroglutamyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
2(S)-[ l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyI)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(S)-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-f 1 -(2(S)-pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxyJ-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine sulfone;
2(S)-f 1 -(2(S)-pyroglutamyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine sulfone methyl ester;
2(S)-f l-(pyrid-3-ylcarboxy)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(S)-[ l -(pyrid-3-ylcarboxy)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxyJ-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(naphth-2-yl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-ylacetyl ]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy } -3-phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(R)-{ 2-1 1 -(naphth-2-yl)-lH-imidazol-5-y lacety 1 Jpyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy) -3-phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-f 1 -(pyrid-3-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(S)-[ 1 -(pyrid-3-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyloxy ]-3- phenylpropionyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 11- N-( 1 naρhthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine sulfone isopropyl ester;
N-L 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-( 1 naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine sulfone;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycy 1- methionine isopropyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycy 1- methionine ;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl J-N-( 1 -naphthylmethy Oglycyl¬ methionine sulfone methyl ester ;
N-1 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy l]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyOglycyl- methionine sulfone;
N-f 1 -(sarcosyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethy Oglycyl¬ methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(sarcosyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycy 1- methionine;
N-f 1 -(N,N-dimethylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester ;
N-f 1 -(N,N-dimethylgIycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyI]- N- (l-naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N- ( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycy 1-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyI-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-(l- naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)- lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethyl]- N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)- lH-imidazoI-5-y lacety l)pyrrohdin-2(S )- ylmethyl]- N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(2-acetylamino-3(S)- benzyloxycarbonylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethy Oglycy 1-methionine;
N-11 -(2-acetylamino-3(S)-aminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]- N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(2-amino-3(S)-acetylaminopropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]- N-( 1 -naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
2(S)-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-y lacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)- ylmethyloxy]-3-pheny]propionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(S)-f l -(l H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)- ylmethyloxyl-3-phenylpropionyl-methionine;
2(R)- { 2-[ 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y lacetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy } -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester ;
2(R)- { 2-f 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-ylacety l]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy } -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine;
2(R)- { 2-f 1 -(4-nitrobenzyl)-l H-imidazol-5-ylacetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy} -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)- { 2-f 1 -(4-nitrobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y lacety l]pyrrolidin-2(S )- ylmethoxy} -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine;
2(R)- {2-[ l -(4-methoxybenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy} -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)-{2-f l -(4-methoxybenzyl)- lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl]pyrroIidin-2(S)- ylmethoxy } -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine;
2(R)- { 2-f 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)- lH-imidazol-5-y lacety l]pyrrolidin-3(S)- ethyl-2(S)-ylmethoxy} -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine methyl ester;
2(R)- { 2-f 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)- 1 H-imidazol-5-y lacety 1 )pyrrolidin-3(S)- ethyl-2(S)-ylmethoxy } -3-phenyl propionyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1 ]- N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-( l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β- acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethy 1 J-N-( 1 -naphthy lmethyl)glycyl-(β- acetylamino)alanine;
N-f 1 -(seryl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylj- N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(D-alanyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(1 H-imidazol-4-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(isoasparagyl) pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethy 1 J-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-( l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(3-pyridylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-1 1 -(2-pyridylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester ;
N-f l -(4-pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( l - naphthy lmethyl )glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(seryl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylj- N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-f 1 -(D-alanyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-carbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl ]- N-(l- naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine ;
N-f 1 -(isoasparagyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1 ]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycy 1-methionine;
N-[ l -(l H-imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-( l naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(3-pyridylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy I ]-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[l -(2-pyridylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(4-pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylmethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ l -(2-aminoethyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(2- thienyl)alanine;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(trifluoromethyl)alanine;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy 1 ]- N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyI-(2(S)-amino-4-acetylamino)butyric acid ;
N-f 1 -( lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1 ]- N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(N,N-dimethyl)glutamine;
N-f l -(lH-imidazoI-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N- (benzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -(g]ycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ- N-(benzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(4- methoxybenzyOglycyl-methionine;
N-fl-(glycyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethylJ- N-(benzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N- (benzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-((4-imidazolyl)methyl-(2S)-pyrrolidiny lmethyl)-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI]-N-( l -naphthylmethy I)glycyl-(2- thienyl)alanine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy 1]- N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(N,N-dimethyl)glutamine methyl ester ;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycy]-(trifluoromethyl)alanine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthyImethyl)glycyl-(2(S)-amino-4-acetylamino)butyric acid methyl ester;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N- (benzyl)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(benzy Oglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(4- methoxybenzyOglycyl-metliionine methyl ester;
N-l l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N- (benzy Oglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-3(S)-ethyl-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(benzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy l]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycy 1- methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine cyclohexyl ester;
N-| 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine benzyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine ethyl ester;
N-[ l -(sarcosyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl |-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[ l -(N,N-dimethylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyI |-N-(l - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine ( 2 -pyridy lmethyl) ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine (1-glyceryl) ester;
N-f 1 -L-prolylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( I -naphthylmethyOglycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(L-prolyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ l -(l -moφholinoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -( 1 -morpholinoacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ) -N-( 1 - naphthy Imethy Oglycy 1 -methionine ;
N-f 1 -(4-piperidinecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]-N-( 1 naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(4-piperidinecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(3-piperidinecarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 • naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-| 1 -(3-piperidinecarbony l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl ]-N-(l ■ naphthylmethyl)glycy 1-methionine;
N-f 1 -(2-pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethy l)glycy 1-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(2-pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethy l]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ 1 -(4-pyridylglycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl J-N-( 1 naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ 1 -(4-pyridylglycyI)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 • naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -(4-pyridyI(N-methyl)glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 • naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(4-pyridyl(N-methyl)glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 • naphthylmethyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -(1 H-imidazol-4-ylpropionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine;
N-[l-(l H-imidazol-4-ylpropionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-[l -(4-pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine;
N-f 1 -(4-pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-yImethyll-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-acetylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β- acetylamino)alanine cyclohexyl ester;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(N-methyl)glutamine;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-( 1 - naphthyImethyl)glycyl-(N-methyl)glutamine methyl ester ;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-methylcarbonylamino)aIanine;
N-[l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1]-N-(1- naphthylmethyI)glycyl-(β-methylcarbonylamino)alanine methyl ester ;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-methylsulfonylamino)alanine;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyI-(β-methylsuIfonylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-propionylamino)alanine ;
N-[ 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacety 1) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1] -N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-propionylamino)alanine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy l]-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-pyrrolidinon- 1 -ylamino)alanine;
N-l l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(l - naphthylmethyl)glycyl-(β-pyrrolidinon-l -ylamino)alanine methyl ester ;
N-l l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(3- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-l 1 -(glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll- N-(3-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-f l -(glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2-methoxybenzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycyl-methionine;
N-[ l -(l H-imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -( lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3- cyanobenzyOglycyl-methionine;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(3- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester ;
N-| l -( lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(4- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-[ l-( lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ- N-(2- cyanobenzyOglycyl-methionine;
N-f l -(l H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2-cyanobenzyl)glycyl- methionine;
N-f l -(glycyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl|- N-(2-cyanobenzyl)glycyl- methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrroIidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- cyanobenzyl)glycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacety l)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1]- N-(2- methylbenzyl)glycyl-methionine;
N-f I -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y lmethyl]- N-(2- methylbenzyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(2- trifluoromethylbenzyOglycyl-methionine;
N-f l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-y Imethy 1J- N-(2- trifluoromethylbenzyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -( lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- N-(l - naphthylsulfonyOglycyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]- N-( 1 - naphthylsulfonyOglycyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl ]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyOglycy 1- methionine 4-N-methylpiperidinyl ester;
N-f l -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-yImethyl]-N-(l -naphthylmethyl)glycyl- methionine tert-butyl ester;
N-f 1 -(glycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-( 1 -naphthylmethyOglycy 1- methionine 3-pentyl ester;
N-f 1 -(4-pyridylglycyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl J-N-( 1 - naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-[l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylpropionyl)pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ- N-(l 1 naphthylmethyOglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
1 1. A method of treating cancer in accordance with claim 6 wherein the famesyl transferase inhibiting compound is (c) a compound represented by one of formulas (II-h) through (Il-k):
selected from the group consisting of:
N-[(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl]-l , 2,3,4- tetrahydro-3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl]- 1 ,2,3,4- tetrahydro-3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine;
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-y lacetyl)-3(S)-ethylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- prolyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-[ l -(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-3(S)-ethylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- prolyl-methionine;
N-[l-glycylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethylprolyl-methionine methyl ester;
N-f 1 -glycylpyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)-ethylprolyl-methionine;
N-[L-pyroglutamyl-2(S)-amino-3(S)-methylpentyl ]- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine
N-[L-pyroglutamyl-2(S)-amino-3(S)-methylpentyl]- l ,2,3,4-tetrahydro- 3(S)-isoquinolinecarbonyl-methionine methyl ester
N-[ l-(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethylprolyl-methionine
N-f 1 -( 1 H-imidazol-4-ylacetyl)-pyrrolidin-2(S-)ylmethyl]-3(S)- ethylproly 1-methionine methyl ester
N-f(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl ]-prolyl- methionine methyl ester
and
N-f(lH-imidazol-4-ylacetyl-2(S)-amino)-3(S)-methylpentyl]-prolyl- methionine
(N-ll-cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine;
(N-f l -cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)-yhnethyl]- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine methyl ester;
(N-[l -cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyl]- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester, and
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the famesyl protein transferase inhibiting compound is selected from the group consisting of:
(S)-l-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-[ l -(4-cyanobenzyl)-imidazolylmethyl]-5-f 2- (methanesulfonyl)ethylJ-2-piperazinone dihydrochloride;
l -(3-chlorophenyl)-4-f l -(4-cyanobenzyl)inιidazolyl-methyl]-2- piperazinone dihydrochloride;
N-[ l -(lH-Imidazol-4-propionyl) pyrrolidin-2(S)-ylmethyll-N-(2- methoxybenzyOglycyl-methionine isopropyl ester;
(N-[ l-Cyanobenzyl)-lH-imidazol-5-yl)acetyl]pyπOlidin-2(S)-ylmethylJ- 3(S)-ethyl-prolyl methionine isopropyl ester;
2(S)-/?-Butyl- 1 -[ 1 -(4-cyanobenzyl)imidazol-5-y lmethyl]-4-(2,3- dimethylphenyl)piperazin-5-one;
N-[2(S)-N'-(l -(4-Cyanophenyl-methyl)-lH-imidazol-5-ylacetyl)amino- 3(S)-methylpentyl]-N-l -naphthylmethyl-glycyl-methionine methyl ester
and
2(S)-f2(S)-f2(R)-Amino-3-mercapto]propylamino-3(S)-methyl]- pentyloxy-3-phenylpropionyl-methionine sulfone isopropyl ester, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
13. A pharmaceutical composition comprised of a compound which inhibits MEK and a compound which inhibits famesyl protein transferase.
14. A pharmaceutical composition which is comprised of a compound which inhibits MEK and famesyl protein transferase.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US1867996P | 1996-05-30 | 1996-05-30 | |
US18679P | 1996-05-30 | ||
GBGB9612913.5A GB9612913D0 (en) | 1996-06-18 | 1996-06-18 | A method of treating cancer |
GB9612913 | 1996-06-18 | ||
PCT/US1997/008992 WO1997045412A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-27 | A method of treating cancer |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0934270A1 true EP0934270A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
Family
ID=26309548
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97927776A Withdrawn EP0934270A1 (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-05-27 | A method of treating cancer |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0934270A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2000508335A (en) |
AU (1) | AU3215197A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1997045412A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7632838B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2009-12-15 | Wyeth | 11-beta HSD1 inhibitors |
Families Citing this family (48)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6524832B1 (en) | 1994-02-04 | 2003-02-25 | Arch Development Corporation | DNA damaging agents in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors |
CN1129431C (en) * | 1997-12-22 | 2003-12-03 | 先灵公司 | Combination of benzocycloheptapyridine compounds and antineoplastic drugs for treating proliferative diseases |
US6096757A (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2000-08-01 | Schering Corporation | Method for treating proliferative diseases |
HRP990246A2 (en) | 1998-08-07 | 2000-06-30 | Du Pont Pharm Co | Succinoylamino benzodiazepines as inhibitors of a beta protein production |
NZ509241A (en) | 1998-08-07 | 2003-08-29 | Du Pont Pharm Co | Succinoylamino lactams as inhibitors of alpha-beta protein production |
US6846799B1 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2005-01-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Preventing airway mucus production by administration of EGF-R antagonists |
US7354894B2 (en) | 1998-08-18 | 2008-04-08 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Preventing airway mucus production by administration of EGF-R antagonists |
CN1636011A (en) | 1998-12-24 | 2005-07-06 | 杜邦药品公司 | Succinoylamino lactams as inhibitors and as a beta protein production |
US6316462B1 (en) * | 1999-04-09 | 2001-11-13 | Schering Corporation | Methods of inducing cancer cell death and tumor regression |
CA2378982A1 (en) * | 1999-07-07 | 2001-01-18 | Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Methods of inhibiting muscle atrophy |
US6960576B2 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2005-11-01 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company | Hydroxyalkanoylaminolactams and related structures as inhibitors of Aβ protein production |
US6503902B2 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2003-01-07 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company | Hydroxyalkanoylaminolactams and related structures as inhibitors of a β protein production |
AU7997600A (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-23 | Du Pont Pharmaceuticals Company | Amino lactam sulfonamides as inhibitors of abeta protein production |
WO2001060826A2 (en) | 2000-02-17 | 2001-08-23 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company | SUCCINOYLAMINO CARBOCYCLES AND HETEROCYCLES AS INHIBITORS OF Aβ PROTEIN PRODUCTION |
US6495540B2 (en) | 2000-03-28 | 2002-12-17 | Bristol - Myers Squibb Pharma Company | Lactams as inhibitors of A-β protein production |
BR0107532A (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2004-11-03 | Bristol Myers Squibb Pharma Co | Compound, use of compound, method for treating neurological dysfunctions associated with b-amyloid production, method of inhibiting y-secretase activity and pharmaceutical composition |
JP2004508289A (en) | 2000-04-03 | 2004-03-18 | デュポン ファーマシューティカルズ カンパニー | Cyclic lactams as inhibitors of Aβ protein production |
US6632812B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2003-10-14 | Dupont Pharmaceuticals Company | Substituted lactams as inhibitors of Aβ protein production |
CA2379445C (en) | 2000-06-01 | 2007-08-21 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharma Company | Lactams substituted by cyclic succinates as inhibitors of a.beta. protein production |
WO2002028409A2 (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2002-04-11 | Whitehead Institute For Biomedical Research | Effects of combined administration of farnesyl transferase inhibitors and signal transduction inhibitors |
MXPA03003011A (en) * | 2000-10-05 | 2003-07-14 | George Q Daley | Methods of inducing cancer cell death and tumor regression. |
US8546404B2 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2013-10-01 | Merck Sharp & Dohme | Compounds that are ERK inhibitors |
ES2612196T3 (en) | 2005-12-13 | 2017-05-12 | Incyte Holdings Corporation | Pyrrolo [2,3-b] pyridines and pyrrolo [2,3-b] pyrimidines substituted with heteroaryl as Janus kinase inhibitors |
CA2642762A1 (en) | 2006-02-16 | 2007-08-30 | Schering Corporation | Pyrrolidine derivatives as erk inhibitors |
TWI404716B (en) * | 2006-10-17 | 2013-08-11 | Kudos Pharm Ltd | Phthalazinone derivative |
MX342814B (en) | 2007-06-13 | 2016-10-13 | Incyte Holdings Corp | Salts of the janus kinase inhibitor (r)-3-(4-(7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]py rimidin-4-yl)-1h-pyrazol-1-yl)-3-cyclopentylpropanenitrile. |
KR20100117123A (en) | 2008-02-21 | 2010-11-02 | 쉐링 코포레이션 | Compounds that are erk inhibitors |
JP5524220B2 (en) | 2008-10-07 | 2014-06-18 | アストラゼネカ・ユーケイ・リミテッド | Pharmaceutical formulation 514 |
KR20120030447A (en) | 2009-05-22 | 2012-03-28 | 인사이트 코포레이션 | 3-[4-(7h-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-1h-pyrazol-1-yl]octane- or heptane-nitrile as jak inhibitors |
CA2762174C (en) | 2009-05-22 | 2018-02-20 | Incyte Corporation | N-(hetero)aryl-pyrrolidine derivatives of pyrazol-4-yl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and pyrrol-3-yl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as janus kinase inhibitors |
TW201113285A (en) | 2009-09-01 | 2011-04-16 | Incyte Corp | Heterocyclic derivatives of pyrazol-4-yl-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as janus kinase inhibitors |
RS60680B1 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2020-09-30 | Incyte Holdings Corp | Piperidin-4-yl azetidine derivatives as jak1 inhibitors |
SG10201503983QA (en) | 2010-05-21 | 2015-06-29 | Incyte Corp | Topical Formulation for a JAK Inhibitor |
TW201249845A (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2012-12-16 | Incyte Corp | Cyclobutyl substituted pyrrolopyridine and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as JAK inhibitors |
EP2640725B1 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2015-01-07 | Incyte Corporation | Heterocyclic-substituted pyrrolopyridines and pyrrolopyrimidines as jak inhibitors |
MY165963A (en) | 2011-06-20 | 2018-05-18 | Incyte Holdings Corp | Azetidinyl phenyl, pyridyl or pyrazinyl carboxamide derivatives as jak inhibitors |
TW201313721A (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2013-04-01 | Incyte Corp | Cyclohexyl azetidine derivatives as JAK inhibitors |
UA111854C2 (en) | 2011-09-07 | 2016-06-24 | Інсайт Холдінгс Корпорейшн | METHODS AND INTERMEDIATE COMPOUNDS FOR JAK INHIBITORS |
AR091079A1 (en) | 2012-05-18 | 2014-12-30 | Incyte Corp | DERIVATIVES OF PIRROLOPIRIMIDINA AND PIRROLOPIRIDINA REPLACED WITH PIPERIDINILCICLOBUTILO AS JAK INHIBITORS |
RS62329B1 (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2021-10-29 | Incyte Holdings Corp | Sustained-release dosage forms of ruxolitinib |
ES2900492T3 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2022-03-17 | Incyte Holdings Corp | Processes and intermediates to make a JAK inhibitor |
EA201690357A1 (en) | 2013-08-07 | 2016-07-29 | Инсайт Корпорейшн | DOSAGE FORMS WITH Slow Release For JAK1 Inhibitor |
US9498467B2 (en) | 2014-05-30 | 2016-11-22 | Incyte Corporation | Treatment of chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) and atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) by inhibitors of JAK1 |
AR113922A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2020-07-01 | Incyte Corp | LOW DOSE COMBINATION THERAPY FOR THE TREATMENT OF MYELOPROLIFERATIVE NEOPLASMS |
SG11202007164UA (en) | 2018-01-30 | 2020-08-28 | Incyte Corp | Processes for preparing (1 -(3-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)isonicotinyl)piperidine-4-one) |
DK3773593T3 (en) | 2018-03-30 | 2024-05-27 | Incyte Corp | Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa using JAK inhibitors |
CN111138398A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-05-12 | 陕西国际商贸学院 | Synthesis process of 2- (2-amino-3-methoxyphenyl) chromone |
US11833155B2 (en) | 2020-06-03 | 2023-12-05 | Incyte Corporation | Combination therapy for treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5352705A (en) * | 1992-06-26 | 1994-10-04 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Inhibitors of farnesyl protein transferase |
US5439918A (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 1995-08-08 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase |
US5491164A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-02-13 | Merck & Co., Inc. | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase |
US5525625A (en) * | 1995-01-24 | 1996-06-11 | Warner-Lambert Company | 2-(2-Amino-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-[1]benzopyran for treating proliferative disorders |
-
1997
- 1997-05-27 EP EP97927776A patent/EP0934270A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-27 JP JP9542869A patent/JP2000508335A/en active Pending
- 1997-05-27 AU AU32151/97A patent/AU3215197A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-27 WO PCT/US1997/008992 patent/WO1997045412A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9745412A1 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7632838B2 (en) | 2006-02-07 | 2009-12-15 | Wyeth | 11-beta HSD1 inhibitors |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2000508335A (en) | 2000-07-04 |
WO1997045412A1 (en) | 1997-12-04 |
AU3215197A (en) | 1998-01-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
WO1997045412A1 (en) | A method of treating cancer | |
AU727939B2 (en) | A method of treating cancer | |
US5869682A (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0952842A2 (en) | A method of treating cancer | |
EP0891350A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0820445A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0862435A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0944387A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0783518A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0891360A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0880320A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0891349A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
AU717298B2 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
AU706495B2 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
WO1996034010A2 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0783517A2 (en) | Thiol-free inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
US5627202A (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0900081A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP0837875A2 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
WO1996031525A2 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
EP1009854A1 (en) | A method of treating cancer | |
EP0837857A2 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase | |
CA2216654A1 (en) | Inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19981230 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19991201 |