EP0923783B1 - Bobine électrique élémentaire constitutive d'enroulements pour transformateurs secs - Google Patents
Bobine électrique élémentaire constitutive d'enroulements pour transformateurs secs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0923783B1 EP0923783B1 EP96930208A EP96930208A EP0923783B1 EP 0923783 B1 EP0923783 B1 EP 0923783B1 EP 96930208 A EP96930208 A EP 96930208A EP 96930208 A EP96930208 A EP 96930208A EP 0923783 B1 EP0923783 B1 EP 0923783B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- turns
- voltage
- winding
- layers
- winding according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
- H01F27/327—Encapsulating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to dry electrical transformers for the distribution of electrical energy. More specifically, the invention relates to the production of windings medium voltage or high voltage with which such devices are provided.
- the medium or high voltage windings constituting the primary of the transformers distribution i.e. those intended to be subjected to input voltages of 20,000 volts and beyond by phase, are conventionally constituted by a metallic conductor die at dielectric cladding (generally an enamel film) wound in turns in series.
- the other is to wind the coils into flat juxtaposed spiral wafers extending each radially.
- This technique described in particular in the European patent n ° 0081446 in the name of the applicant, consists in synchronizing the wire feed speed in a filling receptacle under the effect of its only weight with the speed of rotation on itself from this receptacle. The wire is then deposited there in a movement of "goes and comes "perpendicular to the axis of the coil in formation, the accomplishment of movement in one direction resulting in the obtaining of a layer.
- thermoplastics compared to thermosetting plastics, despite certain advantages of these first, easier to use (no hardener) and recoverable indefinitely by simple hot rejections.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution to the problem mentioned above.
- the invention relates to a medium or high voltage winding of a dry electrical transformer, characterized in that it is formed by a stack of coils elementary, fixed together and electrically connected in series by their terminations input / output, each elementary coil being constituted by a metallic conductor wired with dielectric sheathing and wound in the air in a plurality of turns in series arranged in juxtaposed layers then encapsulated in a mass of plastic material electro-insulator from which the input / output terminations emerge, the number of layers of turns being such that, for any given electrical voltage to be applied between said terminations, the voltage between two neighboring electrically furthest turns on two adjacent layers does not exceed the value of the breakdown voltage which would provided by Paschen's law applied in the air to said sheathed conductor.
- the invention is based on the fact of having discovered that Paschen's law was applicable in and could form the basis of a concrete response to the problem posed.
- the invention applies this law in the case of a conductor coiled in air, but coated with a dielectric sheath, which results in the establishment of the abacuses of figure 2 giving the disruptive tension between neighboring turns as a function of the thickness of the dielectric sheath, these charts being configured on the air pressure in the inter-coil spaces of the coil.
- the invention rather than seeking to fill these spaces vacant inter-turns by injected dielectric material, defines conditions for winding allowing the air naturally present in these dead spaces to play effectively the role of dielectric within electrical windings, however constitutive transformers capable of being placed at voltages of several tens of thousands volts per phase.
- the set of turns present in cross section a generally square or rectangular shape that is not very elongated. So the invention has the advantage in particular of being able to build the primary windings of dry transformers according to variable sizes by stacking of elementary coils standard, the number of which to be joined in series will depend on the level of electrical voltage in front be applied across the primary.
- the industry electrical engineering as in all manufacturing industries, of realization modular allowing more flexibility in the management of stocks, supplies and less manufacturing time.
- the lesson learned from the invention is that, in the case of inductive windings constituted by a coated wire conductor wound in turns in contact, the maximum tolerable voltage between them to avoid discharge phenomena partial must be less than that of the minimum given by the Paschen curve, so as to always be on the ascending part of this curve when we travel the surface of the wire in the inter-turn space away from the point of contact, so to be permanently in a situation where the disruptive tension can only increase when the distance between the conductors increases.
- the pressure indicated here is an absolute pressure, the inter-turn space being generally under vacuum during the cooling phases, and the rest during handovers in subsequent service of the transformer, until its temperature of operation.
- the voltage Td is an effective voltage, while the voltage Ud in the figure 1 is given in peak values.
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show diagrammatically the two winding modes, in longitudinal layers and respectively, and are given for illustrative purposes only to facilitate placement of the invention.
- the same references designate elements identical.
- Each of the two figures represents a cylindrical coil of revolution of axis X seen slightly above and truncated by an axial cut so as to see in section right the organization of the turns that make up the electrical winding.
- the winding 1 of FIG. 3a is obtained from a flexible electric wire 2 on the market of circular section, sheathed by a dielectric enamel film 3 of usual quality.
- This thread is wound around the X axis on a winding support 4 in turns organized in concentric longitudinal layers.
- the winding of the following turns continues in the direction indicated by the arrow Fv to the other end of the support, in a very short helical path equal to the diameter of the wire.
- the second layer 7 is produced in the same way in the opposite direction, as indicated by the arrow Fv '.
- the winding is thus executed in tight turns in a movement of "back and forth" according to the X axis, each pass accomplished in a direction achieving a longitudinal layer in alternating with the previous layer.
- the winding 11 of FIG. 3b is obtained in a similar manner, but by winding the wire in radial flat layers 13 stacked on top of each other. These layers, or pancakes are form when depositing the electric wire 2 in turns in a movement also of "back and forth", but this time directed perpendicular to the X axis. Around this axis, rotates the support plate 12 provided with end flanges 14 and 15 serving to confine laterally the stack of pancakes 13.
- the wire 2 in this case is not taut, but subjected to its own weight only, and the speed of rotation of the plate is at all times adjusted to the speed of feed of the wire so that the coil is removed at the desired radial position of the pancake being formed.
- the automation allowing the industrial realization of such a winding mode is described, as already indicated, in the European patent n ° 0081446.
- each pass creates a spiral which develops radially.
- Filling the space reserved for winding is operated from the bottom.
- the first wafer 17 begins with the internal turn 16 against the flange 14, then flourish radially from centrifugally as indicated by the arrow Fh to the level of the outer flange 15.
- the second wafer 18 then forms on the first in the centripetal direction to the flange interior 14, and so on up to the end turn 19 which extends out of the coil by a splice 20, similar to the splice 21 of the first turn 16 to form together winding input / output terminations.
- any two contiguous turns should never be provided with a dielectric sheath 3 thinner than that given by the curves of the Figure 2 for a given applied electrical voltage. Otherwise, a partial discharge is possible. Such a requirement is the most severe for the two most contiguous turns. electrically spaced on two adjacent layers (the potential difference then being most important), that is to say those placed at the respectively starting ends and ending of these two adjacent layers.
- any risk of partial discharge in the voids between turns 26 can be avoided if, for any voltage U applied at the winding, the number of layers of turns constituting this winding is determined so that the voltage u between two neighboring turns, but the most electrically distant on two adjacent layers, does not exceed the Td value that would be provided by the application in the air of Paschen's law.
- the number of layers for example fifteen, has been determined so that, the maximum effective tension between two most distant contiguous turns electrically being for example 350 volts, the coil can be used under a voltage of 2500 volts for example.
- the coil can be used under a voltage of 2500 volts for example.
- One thus realizes a coil of section appreciably square with fifteen layers and twenty turns per layer for example, this last figure being able be modified as desired depending on the desired electrical power.
- the inductors can be composed of standard elementary coils different characteristics, such as admissible input voltage, or coil height. For obvious practical reasons, it will be advantageous if they all have the same width, except if you want an exterior stepped wall for certain inductors.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
- Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
Description
- figure 4a:
On bobine d'abord un fil souple 2 de Cu ou d'Al émaillé en spires 30 (200-300 spires par exemple) pour former un anneau 28. Le bobinage s'opère par exemple selon le type "couches longitudinales concentriques décrit en référence à la figure 3a. Au besoin, on rigidifie le tout par imprégnation d'une colle pour assurer un maintien mécanique minimal à l'anneau ainsi formé. - figure 4b :
On place l'anneau 28 dans un moule (non représenté), dans lequel on injecte une résine diélectrique isolante 29 qui va encapsuler l'anneau sur une épaisseur de plusieurs millimètres après avoir pris soin de laisser suffisamment dépasser les extrémités du fil pour former les terminaisons 9, 10 qui serviront de connexions. Une fois la résine solidifiée, la bobine élémentaire standard 27 est terminée.
- figure 4c :
On réalise alors un tel enroulement 31 pour transformateur en empilant un nombre voulu de ces bobines élémentaires 27 les unes sur les autres de manière à réaliser la hauteur souhaitée. On assemble le tout rigidement par tout moyen approprié, par exemple par collage. L'assemblage une fois réalisé, on relie électriquement les bobines en série entre elles à l'aide de petits manchons connecteurs 32 qui viennent définitivement en prise sur les épissures 9, 10 par sertissage. - figure 4d:
Il faut ensuite isoler électriquement cette zone de l'empilage où les connecteurs sont à nu. On y parvient en la recouvrant d'une couche de résine appliquée par compression à chaud d'une feuille de résine thermoplastique.
- figure 4e :
Toutefois, avant de réaliser ces différents cuvettages, on aura avantage, conformément à un mode de réalisation préféré de l'invention, de recouvrir l'empilage par une couche de quelques millimètres de résine 36 ayant des propriétés, même modestes, de conduction de l'électricité, que l'on met ensuite à la terre 37. Cette couche, mise en place par métallisation ou par C.I.C (compression isostatique à chaud) d'une résine thermoplastique conformée en feuille à cet effet, constitue un blindage électrique qui permettra de se passer de l'air comme isolant autour du transformateur. Cela signifie en particulier que le transformateur pourra séjourner à l'extérieur, hors cabine, ce qui en abaissera le coût de revient et facilitera les interventions et la maintenance en général.
Claims (7)
- Enroulement moyenne ou haute tension d'un transformateur électrique sec, caractérisé en ce qu'il est formé par un empilage de bobines élémentaires (27), fixées entre elles et reliées électriquement en série par leurs terminaisons d'entrée/sortie (9, 10), chaque bobine élémentaire (27) étant constituée par un conducteur métallique filaire (2) à gainage diélectrique (3) et bobiné dans l'air en une pluralité de spires en série (30) disposées en couches juxtaposées (6, 7...) puis encapsulé dans une masse de matière plastique électro-isolante (29) de laquelle émergent les terminaisons (9, 10) d'entrée/sortie, le nombre de couches (6, 7...) de spires (30) étant tel que, pour une tension électrique donnée quelconque à appliquer entre lesdites terminaisons, la tension entre deux spires voisines (22, 23) les plus éloignées électriquement sur deux couches adjacentes (6, 7) n'excède pas la valeur de la tension disruptive (Td) qui serait fournie par la loi de Paschen appliquée dans l'air audit conducteur gainé (2, 3).
- Enroulement selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le nombre de couches (6, 7...) de spires (30) de chaque bobine élémentaire est au moins égal au double du nombre entier venu du résultat, arrondi par excès, du ratio entre une tension électrique U et une valeur u conforme à celle de la tension disruptive (Td) lue sur les courbes de la figure 2, données en fonction de l'épaisseur (Ep) de la gaine diélectrique (3) dudit conducteur, la tension électrique U étant une tension électrique donnée quelconque à appliquer entre les terminaisons (9, 10).
- Enroulement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les spires sont bobinées en couches longitudinales (6, 7...).
- Enroulement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les spires sont bobinées en couches radiales (17, 18...).
- Enroulement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique électro-isolante d'encapsulation (29) est une matière plastique thermo-durcissable.
- Enroulement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière plastique électro-isolante d'encapsulation (29) est une matière thermoplastique.
- Enroulement selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la pluralité de spires (30) forme un ensemble compact de section droite de forme générale carrée, ou rectangle peu allongée.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FR1996/001353 WO1998010445A1 (fr) | 1996-09-04 | 1996-09-04 | Bobine electrique elementaire constitutive d'enroulements pour transformateurs secs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0923783A1 EP0923783A1 (fr) | 1999-06-23 |
EP0923783B1 true EP0923783B1 (fr) | 2004-02-25 |
Family
ID=9488836
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96930208A Revoked EP0923783B1 (fr) | 1996-09-04 | 1996-09-04 | Bobine électrique élémentaire constitutive d'enroulements pour transformateurs secs |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0923783B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2000517479A (fr) |
AU (1) | AU6933996A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2264703A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69631697D1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1998010445A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2822587B1 (fr) * | 2001-03-20 | 2003-05-16 | France Transfo Sa | Realisation d'enroulements "haute ou moyenne tension" de transformateurs immerges, et enroulements ainsi realises |
FR2825508B1 (fr) * | 2001-06-01 | 2003-09-05 | Degreane Ets | Transmetteur de telecommunications incorporant un transformateur a isolement galvanique ameliore |
EP1485927B1 (fr) * | 2002-03-21 | 2008-07-16 | Schneider Electric Industries SAS | Realisation d'enroulements "haute ou moyenne tension" de transformateurs immerges, et enroulements ainsi realises |
EP2400511A1 (fr) | 2010-06-28 | 2011-12-28 | ABB Technology AG | Bobine modulaire non circulaire pour transformateurs |
WO2012000984A1 (fr) | 2010-06-28 | 2012-01-05 | Abb Technology Ag | Bobine pour transformateurs, constituée de segments de bobine avec moyens de blocage |
RU2553455C1 (ru) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-06-20 | Открытое акционерное общество "ОКБ-Планета" ОАО "ОКБ-Планета" | Катушка индуктивности |
RU2640405C2 (ru) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-01-09 | Людмила Михайловна Пестряева | Обмотка индукционного устройства и способ её изготовления |
RU2641312C1 (ru) * | 2016-09-15 | 2018-01-17 | Людмила Михайловна Пестряева | Многослойная цилиндрическая обмотка |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0081446A1 (fr) * | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-15 | France Transfo (S.A.) | Procédé et dispositif de bobinage des enroulements inductifs équipant les appareils électriques, tels que les transformateurs |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57121207A (en) * | 1981-01-21 | 1982-07-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Manufacture of plastic molded coil |
JP2835239B2 (ja) * | 1992-04-07 | 1998-12-14 | 株式会社東芝 | シート巻変圧器 |
-
1996
- 1996-09-04 CA CA002264703A patent/CA2264703A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-04 EP EP96930208A patent/EP0923783B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 1996-09-04 DE DE69631697T patent/DE69631697D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-09-04 AU AU69339/96A patent/AU6933996A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-04 JP JP10512294A patent/JP2000517479A/ja not_active Abandoned
- 1996-09-04 WO PCT/FR1996/001353 patent/WO1998010445A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0081446A1 (fr) * | 1981-12-01 | 1983-06-15 | France Transfo (S.A.) | Procédé et dispositif de bobinage des enroulements inductifs équipant les appareils électriques, tels que les transformateurs |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69631697D1 (de) | 2004-04-01 |
AU6933996A (en) | 1998-03-26 |
EP0923783A1 (fr) | 1999-06-23 |
JP2000517479A (ja) | 2000-12-26 |
WO1998010445A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
CA2264703A1 (fr) | 1998-03-12 |
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