EP0920739B1 - Method and apparatus for providing control channel communications for an information distribution system - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for providing control channel communications for an information distribution system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0920739B1 EP0920739B1 EP97944437A EP97944437A EP0920739B1 EP 0920739 B1 EP0920739 B1 EP 0920739B1 EP 97944437 A EP97944437 A EP 97944437A EP 97944437 A EP97944437 A EP 97944437A EP 0920739 B1 EP0920739 B1 EP 0920739B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- frame
- channel
- information
- multiplexed
- common information
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010003272 Hyaluronate lyase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
- H04L65/40—Support for services or applications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
- H04H20/38—Arrangements for distribution where lower stations, e.g. receivers, interact with the broadcast
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
- H04N21/226—Characteristics of the server or Internal components of the server
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
- H04N21/2383—Channel coding or modulation of digital bit-stream, e.g. QPSK modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/239—Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. prioritizing client content requests
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
- H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
- H04N21/24—Monitoring of processes or resources, e.g. monitoring of server load, available bandwidth, upstream requests
- H04N21/2408—Monitoring of the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. client requests
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/437—Interfacing the upstream path of the transmission network, e.g. for transmitting client requests to a VOD server
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving encoded video stream packets from an IP network
- H04N21/4382—Demodulation or channel decoding, e.g. QPSK demodulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client
- H04N21/65—Transmission of management data between client and server
- H04N21/658—Transmission by the client directed to the server
- H04N21/6581—Reference data, e.g. a movie identifier for ordering a movie or a product identifier in a home shopping application
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N7/00—Television systems
- H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
- H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
- H04N7/17309—Transmission or handling of upstream communications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
- H04H60/00—Arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linking to broadcast information or broadcast space-time; Broadcast-related systems
- H04H60/76—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet
- H04H60/81—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems other than for broadcast, e.g. the Internet characterised by the transmission system itself
- H04H60/93—Wired transmission systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, and more particularly, to a method for multiplexing a plurality of variable rate parallel information streams in a CDMA system.
- CDMA code division multiple access
- Multimedia services such as speech and video, and internet communications require several parallel and independent information streams to be transferred between a mobile station and a network over a single communications connection.
- the information streams may have different bit rates, different bit error rates, different delays, etc.
- the parallel information streams may have variable bit rates for applications such as variable rate speech codecs and packet-switched data communications. This will require the information streams to have the ability to independently vary their bandwidth.
- Direct sequence code division multiple access is one of the multiple access candidates suitable for dealing with variable rate information streams.
- DS-CDMA Direct sequence code division multiple access
- IS-95 IS-95 protocol
- DTX discontinuous transmission
- the IS-95 protocol suffers from several drawbacks with respect to variable bit rate information streams.
- the bit rate for the IS-95 protocol is relatively low. Additionally, only a limited number of combinations of different data streams are defined by the protocol. Furthermore, explicit information concerning the combination of information streams being transmitted from the mobile station is only partially transmitted to the network.
- One solution for the low bit rate problem would be to extend the IS-95 protocol to include multi-code transmission. However, this would be a waste of codes, as on average, each stream only make partial use of the codes it had been allocated. Increasing the number of possible bit rates would be difficult since no explicit bit rate information is transmitted to the network.
- the CODIT solution enables single code transmission with variable spreading.
- parallel variable rate information streams are separately coded and multiplexed into a physical data channel (PDCH).
- Information about the current characteristics of the different information streams of a connection is transmitted on a parallel, constant bit rate physical control channel (PCCH).
- PCCH physical control channel
- the bit rate information transmitted on a PCCH during a 10 millisecond frame period refers to the information streams carried in the PDCH during the same 10 millisecond frame period.
- the PCCH and PDCH are transmitted on two separate code channels.
- the receiver measures the power of the PCCH enabling the receiver to avoid knowing the current PDCH bit rate in order to make a power control decisions.
- CODIT solution is not totally satisfactory since only a limited number of combinations of information streams are defined by the protocol. If a new combination or type of information is needed, for example, a different set of rates for variable rate streams, the specification must be changed.
- CODIT solution when applied to orthogonal code systems is related to how bit rate information is transferred to the receiver.
- bit rate information it must be possible to decode the rate information even if the previous frame was erroneous.
- the CODIT solution with a parallel constant-rate code channel is not desirable for a system with a limited number of orthogonal codes since the number of codes used must be minimized. Further, for a speech only terminal, using more than one code increases the complexity.
- U.S. Patent No. 5,537,410 describes a synchronous fixed frame boundary system with variable data rates.
- a transmitter inserts into a current frame an indication of the data rate of the next frame.
- the subsequent frames are known before processing, thereby reducing the processing load.
- the rate indication is inserted into the frame to be error protected to increase reliability.
- WO 95 35 002 discloses a method for performing rate and service negotiation in a digital communication system. During service negotiation a forward and reverse multiplex option and an associated rate set are selected. Primary traffic, secondary traffic and signaling traffic are multiplexed into a frame format in accordance with the selected multiplex option.
- a final solution utilizes coherent wideband CDMA (CW-CDMA).
- Coherent wideband CDMA is a multi-code transmission stream wherein each connection allocates one of several codes with a fixed nominal rate to a data stream.
- Rate information to the transceiver is time-multiplexed together with the information streams and transmitted over the same set of codes. While no implementation of multi-code transmission of parallel variable rate information streams has been described with respect to the CW-CDMA concept, one solution would be to transmit different information streams using different code sets.
- the present invention overcomes the foregoing and other problems with methods according to the independent claims.
- FIGURE 1 there is shown a block diagram of a mobile station 5 and a public land mobile network 6 including a mobile switching center 7.
- This information stream 8 is the dedicated control channel (DCCH) through which further signaling for setting up other data streams is performed.
- DCCH dedicated control channel
- the number of information streams and the size of bit rate information frames are initially determined. Also during call setup, the manner of coding and interleaving of each information stream is determined.
- the number of bits within a bit rate information frame is implicitly given by the size of the rate sets.
- the size of rate sets may be set by selecting a predefined combination of information streams each having a predefined set of rates. Alternatively, the rate sets may be selected by choosing any combination of information streams wherein the rate set is defined in terms of the number of bit rate levels and the number of bits per frame for each bit rate level.
- each information stream 10 is synchronized such that each frame 15 has a frame interval length of T f seconds
- T f is a system constant, typically in the range of 1 to 20 ms.
- N i (wherein i refers to information stream number i) information bits are contained within each frame interval of an information stream 10.
- N i varies on a frame-by-frame basis.
- each information stream 10 to be transmitted arrives during a given frame interval T f and are multiplexed by a multiplexer 20 into a stream of common information frames 25.
- Each common information frame 25 consists of a single frame interval T f from each of the bit streams 10 during a particular frame interval.
- the number of bits (N i ) 30 for each information stream 10 in the common information frame 25 are converted at block 35 to binary representations and multiplexed together into a bit rate information (BRI) frame 40.
- BRI frame 40 consists of the converted and multiplexed number of bits for each frame of the information stream 10 in the common information frame 25.
- the common information frame 25 and BRI frame 40 are each independently channel coded at blocks 50 and 45, respectively.
- the channel encoding process may include the steps of adding tail bits to the end of the time multiplexed information streams and/or encoding with a convolutional encoder at a predetermined rate.
- the coded information frame 25 is optionally frame delayed at block 55 for one frame and then multiplexed with the coded BRI frame 40 by multiplexer 60. This creates a multiplexed frame 65 consisting of coded information stream data 66 and coded BRI data 67 for the coded information stream data of the next multiplexed frame. By frame delaying the coded information frame, the coded BRI portion 67 of the multiplexed frame will indicate the number of information bits in the next multiplexed frame. This enables the receiver to know the total number of bits to be received in the next frame.
- a receiver can use this information to estimate the received power of the signal and control the power output of the mobile station in order to receive a desired power level at the base station via closed-loop power control by measuring the received power and/or SIR for the port of each slot used by the transmitter.
- a coded information frame may be multiplexed with its own BRI portion 67.
- the multiplexed frame 65 is demultiplexed at block 70 into code channel frames 75 having a fixed length of N f bits.
- the channel frames of one type of code channel may have a fixed length N f1 while the channel frames of another type of code channel has a length N f2 .
- Zero padding bits may be applied to the last channel frame 75 if the length of the channel frame is not an exact multiple of N f .
- Each coded channel frame 75 is separately block interleaved within a 10 ms frame period for transmission over an assigned code channel. Additional information and overhead, such as pilot symbols and power control commands, may be multiplexed into the channel frames either before or after interleaving at block 80.
- Each interleaved channel frame has a unique spreading code applied thereto at block 81 and is modulated at block 82 onto a carrier for transmission from the base station. If zero padding has been applied to the final channel frame, the corresponding part of the code channel 75 containing the zero padding is not transmitted.
- Each channel frame is transmitter on a separate code channel.
- the demultiplexing at block 70 of the multiplexed frame 65 into channel frames always allocates the BRI field 67 to the first code channel.
- This code channel is denoted as the primary code-channel since the BRI field 67 contains information informing the receiver at the base station how many, and possibly which code-channels are being used, and the number of bits included in the following frame.
- the BRI field 67 may be extended to include the identity of the first secondary code channel which is used and the number of secondary code-channels to be used. This enables a dynamic allocation of code channels in consecutive blocks. This assures the number of code channels occupied at any particular time will equal the number of code-channels used. In this manner unnecessary code-channel usage is substantially reduced in both the forward and reverse links.
- FIGURE 3 illustrates the channel coding of each information stream 10 with the same channel coding scheme. If more protection is needed for a particular information stream 10, additional coding in the form of forward error coding 85 and additional interleaving 90 may be included prior to multiplexing of the information streams at multiplexer 20 as shown in FIGURE 4. Any additional coding and interleaving may be performed separately on particular streams and then multiplexed with the uncoded information streams into the common information frame 25.
- FIGURE 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the invention wherein M common information streams 10a and 10b requiring different inner coding and interleaving are combined at multiplexer 60.
- the flexibility of the embodiment of FIGURE 3 is achieved with the penalty that all information streams 10 must undergo the same interleaving and coding scheme. This can be limiting for information streams 10 that may gain performance by longer inner interleaving.
- This problem can be solved by having a small number parallel streams combined into a common information stream after separate coding and possibly multi-frame interleaving.
- One set of information streams 10a is multiplexed at 20a and subjected to a first inner channel coding 50 with one frame interleaving at 80.
- the other set of information streams 10b is multiplexed at 20b and subjected to a second channel coding rate 105 and a multi-frame interleaving 110.
- the two separately coded common information frames are then multiplexed together at block 60, as described previously.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Communication Control (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
- Telephonic Communication Services (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Although preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it is understood that the scope of protection is defined by the following claims.
Claims (16)
- A method for transmitting a plurality of information streams (10) having variable data rates, characterized by the steps of:multiplexing the plurality of information streams together to form a common information frame (25), wherein the common information frame includes a frame from each one of the plurality of information streams;channel coding (50) the common information frame;multiplexing a bit rate information frame comprising a fixed number of overhead bits to the channel coded common information frame to form a multiplexed frame (65);demultiplexing the multiplexed frame into at least one channel frame (75); andtransmitting each of the at least one channel frame over a separate code channel, wherein a primary code channel always contains the bit rate information frame.
- The method of Claim 1, further including the step of processing at least one of the information streams prior to multiplexing.
- The method of Claim 2 wherein the step of processing comprises forward error coding.
- The method of Claim 2 wherein the step of processing comprises interleaving.
- The method of Claim 1 wherein the step of channel coding further comprises the step of convolutionally encoding the common information frame at a predetermined rate.
- The method of Claim 1 wherein the step of channel coding further comprises the step of adding bits to an end of the multiplexed frames within the common information frame.
- The method of Claim 1 wherein the bit rate information frame comprises a number of bits for each information stream in the following multiplexed frame.
- The method of Claim 7 wherein the bit rate information frame for the following information multiplexed frame is used for improving closed loop power control in the next frame.
- The method of Claim 1, further including the step of encoding the bit rate information frame separately from the common information frame.
- The method of Claim 9 wherein the step of coding comprises the step of convolutional encoding.
- The method of Claim 8 wherein the step of channel coding further comprises the step of adding bits to an end of the multiplexed frames within the common information frame.
- The method of Claim 1 wherein the overhead bits are multiplexed to the channel encoded bits such that the overhead bits comprise a first channel frame of the at least one channel frame.
- The method of Claim 1, further including the step of interleaving the at least one channel frame and the channel frame prior to transmission on the code channels.
- The method of Claim 1, further including the step of predetermining the number of the plurality of information streams during a cellular call setup.
- A method for transmitting a plurality of information streams (10a, 10b) having variable data rates, characterized by the steps of:multiplexing a first portion of the plurality of information streams into a first common information frame;multiplexing a second portion of the plurality of information streams into a second common information frame;channel coding (50) the first common information frame according to a first channel coding rate;channel coding (105) the second common information frame according to a second channel coding rate;multi-frame interleaving the second common information frame;multiplexing the first common information frame with the second common information frame and a bit rate information frame comprising a fixed number of overhead bits to form a multiplexed frame;demultiplexing the multiplexed frame into at least one channel frame; andtransmitting each of the at least one channel frame over a separate code channel, wherein a primary code channel always contains the bit rate information frame.
- The method of Claim 17 wherein the bit rate information frame comprises a number of bits for each information stream in the following multiplexed frame.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/718,075 US5896414A (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1996-09-17 | Method and apparatus for providing control channel communications for an information distribution system |
US718075 | 1996-09-17 | ||
PCT/US1997/017177 WO1998012823A1 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-16 | Method and apparatus for providing control channel communications for an information distribution system |
Publications (4)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0920739A1 EP0920739A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
EP0920739A4 EP0920739A4 (en) | 2000-10-25 |
EP0920739B1 true EP0920739B1 (en) | 2004-12-22 |
EP0920739B9 EP0920739B9 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
Family
ID=24884731
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97944437A Expired - Lifetime EP0920739B9 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 1997-09-16 | Method and apparatus for providing control channel communications for an information distribution system |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5896414A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0920739B9 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3840267B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100560334B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE285635T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2265954C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69732035T2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1998012823A1 (en) |
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1996
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1997
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- 1997-09-16 DE DE69732035T patent/DE69732035T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1997-09-16 KR KR1019997002265A patent/KR100560334B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-16 AT AT97944437T patent/ATE285635T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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KR100560334B1 (en) | 2006-03-14 |
DE69732035D1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
EP0920739B9 (en) | 2005-06-15 |
EP0920739A1 (en) | 1999-06-09 |
ATE285635T1 (en) | 2005-01-15 |
JP2001501058A (en) | 2001-01-23 |
DE69732035T2 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
CA2265954C (en) | 2005-03-29 |
CA2265954A1 (en) | 1998-03-26 |
EP0920739A4 (en) | 2000-10-25 |
KR20000036206A (en) | 2000-06-26 |
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