EP0914125A1

EP0914125A1 - Hiv protease inhibitors useful for the treatment of aids

Info

Publication number: EP0914125A1
Application number: EP97921437A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Craig A. Coburn; Mark E. Fraley; M. Katharine Holloway; Randall W. Hungate; Kristine Prendergast
Original assignee: Merck and Co Inc
Current assignee: Merck and Co Inc
Priority date: 1996-05-02
Filing date: 1997-04-29
Publication date: 1999-05-12
Also published as: WO1997040833A1; AU712120B2; EP0914125A4; AU2747397A; CA2252915A1; JP2000509392A

Abstract

Compounds such as formula (A) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are HIV protease inhibitors. These compounds are useful in the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and in the treatment of AIDS, either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. Methods of treating AIDS and methods of preventing or treating infection by HIV are also described.

Description

TITLE OF THE INVENTION

HIV PROTEASE INHIBITORS USEFUL FOR THE TREATMENT

OF AIDS

This application is related to Merck Case 19531PV.

The present invention is concerned with compounds which inhibit the protease encoded by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof and are of value in the prevention of infection by HIV, the treatment of infection by HIV and the treatment of the resulting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). It also relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and to a method of use of the present compounds and other agents for the treatment of AIDS and viral infection by HIV.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

A retrovirus designated human ύnmunodeflciency virus (HIV) is the etiological agent of the complex disease that includes progressive destruction of the immune system (acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS) and degeneration of the central and peripheral nervous system. This virus was previously known as LAV, HTLV-LII, or ARV. A common feature of retrovirus replication is the extensive post-translational processing of precursor polyproteins by a virally encoded protease to generate mature viral proteins required for virus assembly and function. Inhibition of this processing prevents the production of normally infectious virus. For example, Kohl, N.E. et al., Proc. Nat'l Acad. Sci., 85, 4686 (1988) demonstrated that genetic inactivation of the HIV encoded protease resulted in the production of ύnmature, non-infectious virus particles. These results indicate that inhibition of the HIV protease represents a viable method for the treatment of AIDS and the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV. The nucleotide sequence of HIV shows the presence of a pol gene in one open reading frame [Ratner, L. et al, Nature, 313, 277(1985)]. Amino acid sequence homology provides evidence that the pol sequence encodes reverse transcriptase, an endonuclease and an HIV protease [Toh, H. et al., EMBO J., 4, 1267 (1985); Power, M.D. et al, Science, 231 , 1567 (1986); Pearl, L.H. et al, Nature, 329, 351 (1987)]. Applicants demonstrate that the compounds of this invention are inhibitors of HIV protease.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Compounds of Formula I, as herein defined, are disclosed. These compounds are useful in the inhibition of HIV protease, the prevention of infection by HIV, the treatment of infection by HIV and in the treatment of AIDS, either as compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, unmunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. Methods of treating AIDS, methods of preventing infection by HIV, and methods of treating infection by HIV are also disclosed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This invention is concerned with compounds of Formula I, combinations thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in the inhibition of HIV protease, the prevention or treatment of infection by HIV and in the treatment of the resulting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Compounds of Formula I are defined as follows:

wherein

X is -0-, -NH-, -NR4- or -S-;

Y is =0, or forms, with the carbon to which it is attached, OH

H

Z is =0, or forms, with the carbon to which it is attached,

RMs a) H; b) C 1-4 alkyl; c) C3-7 cycloalkyl; d) aryl, unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with hydroxy; e) CH2R⁵; or f) 5-7 membered heterocycle; and

a) C 1-4 alkyl; b) aryl, unsubstituted or substituted with aryl; c) CH2R⁶; or d) heterocycle; and

R3 i is a) CH(OH)R7; or b) CH(NH2)R⁷; and

a) C 1 -4 alkyl; b) C3-6 cycloalkyl; c) aryl unsubstituted or substituted with halo or with Q -4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with hydroxy; d) CH2R¹; or e) 5-7 membered heterocycle; and

R^ is a) Ci-4 alkyl; or b) aryl; and

R6 is a) Cl-4 alkyl; b) aryl unsubstituted or substituted with halo or with Cl -4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with hydroxy; or c) 5-7 membered heterocycle; and

a) H; b) Cl-4 alkyl; c) aryl unsubstituted or substituted with amino; d) Cl-3 alkylaryl unsubstituted or substituted with amino; or e) 5-7 membered heterocycle;

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

One preferred embodiment is a compound of the formula

wherein

R2 is Cl-4 alkylene-aryl; and

R4 is Cl -4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R⁷ is H, benzyl unsubstituted or substituted with amino;

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Preferred compounds of this invention are shown below.

Compound A:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof; and

Compound B:

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

The compounds of the present invention, may have asymmetric centers and occur as racemates, racemic mixtures and as individual diastereomers, or enantiomers with all isomeric forms being included in the present invention. When any variable (e.g., aryl, heterocycle, Rl , R2, X, Y, or Z, etc.) occurs more than one time in any constituent or in Formula I, its definition on each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence. Also, combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.

As used herein except where noted, "alkyl" is intended to include both branched- and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having the specified number of carbon atoms (Me is methyl, Et is ethyl, Pr is propyl, Bu is butyl). As used herein, with exceptions as noted, "aryl" is intended to mean phenyl (Ph) or naphthyl.

The term heterocycle or heterocyclic, as used herein except where noted, represents a stable 5- to 7-membered mono- or bicyclic or stable 7- to 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic ring system, any ring of which may be saturated or unsaturated, and which consists of carbon atoms and from one to three heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, and wherein the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms may optionally be oxidized, and the nitrogen heteroatom may optionally be quatemized, and including any bicyclic group in which any of the above-defined heterocyclic rings is fused to a benzene ring. The heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom which results in the creation of a stable structure. Examples of such heterocyclic elements include piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolodinyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, azepinyl, pyrrolyl, 4-piperidonyI, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, oxazolyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolyl, isoxazolidinyl, moφholinyl, thiazolyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolyl, quinuclidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, thiadiazoyl, benzopyranyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, furyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, thienyl, benzothienyl, thiamoφholinyl, thiamoφholinyl sulfoxide, thiamoφholinyl sulfone, and oxadiazolyl.

The pharmaceutically-acceptable salts of the compounds of Formula I (in the form of water- or oil-soluble or dispersible products) include the conventional non-toxic salts or the quaternary ammonium salts which are formed, e.g., from inorganic or organic acids or bases. Examples of such acid addition salts include acetate, adipate, alginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate, bisulfate, butyrate, citrate, camphorate, camphorsulfonate, cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, glucoheptanoate, glycerophosphate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, lactate, maleate, methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, oxalate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, succinate, tartrate, thiocyanate, tosylate, and undecanoate. Base salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, salts with organic bases such as dicyclohexylamine salts, N-methyl-D- glucamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine, and so forth. Also, the basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quatemized with such agents as lower alkyl halides, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chloride, bromides and iodides; dialkyl sulfates like dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl; and diamyl sulfates, long chain halides such as decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides, aralkyl halides like benzyl and phenethyl bromides and others. Other pharmaceutically acceptable salts include the sulfate salt ethanolate and sulfate salts.

Schemes I and II for preparing the novel compounds of this invention are presented below. Tables I and II which follow the schemes illustrate the compounds that can be synthesized by Schemes I and II, but Schemes I and II are not limited by the compounds in the tables nor by any particular substituents employed in the schemes for illustrative puφoses. The examples specifically illustrate the application of the following schemes to specific compounds.

Additional related information on synthetic background is contained in EPO 0337714.

One method for producing Formula I compounds is provided by Scheme I.

SCHEME I

III

IV

Alkylation of ester I by reaction with R^X' (wherein X' is halo) in base gives II. Reaction with MeONa rearranges II to afford III. Cyclization of R^NH2 gives the azabicyclic (3.3.1) nonane core precursor IV which, after reduction and acid hydrolysis, provides V. Scheme I is illustrated as one embodiment in Example 1. SCHEME π

Q

Scheme II outlines another general synthetic method. Alcohol oxidation by treatment of P with Sθ3^»pyridine complex in DMSO, followed by silylation, gives Q. Alkylation with the appropriate Grignard reagent, followed thereafter with acid treatment, affords R. Scheme II is also illustrated in one embodiment in Example 3.

The compounds of this invention are also illustrated by Tables I-II, which follow.

TABLE 1

TABLE I (Cont'd)

TABLE II

TABLE II (Cont'd^

The compounds of this invention are useful in the preparation and execution of screening assays for antiviral compounds. For example, the compounds of this invention are useful for isolating enzyme mutants, which are excellent screening tools for more powerful antiviral compounds. Furthermore, the compounds of this invention are useful in establishing or determining the binding site of other antivirals to HIV protease, e.g., by competitive inhibition. Thus the compounds of this invention are commercial products to be sold for these puφoses.

The compounds of the present invention are useful in the inhibition of HIV protease the prevention or treatment of infection by the human immunodeficiency vims (HIV) and the treatment of, and delaying of the onset of consequent pathological conditions such as AIDS. Treating AIDS or preventing or treating infection by HIV is defined as including, but not limited to, treating a wide range of states of HIV infection: AIDS, ARC (AIDS related complex), both symptomatic and asymptomatic, and actual or potential exposure to HIV. For example, the compounds of this invention are useful in treating infection by HIV after suspected past exposure to HIV by, e.g., blood transfusion, organ transplant, exchange of body fluids, bites, accidental needle stick, or exposure to patient blood during surgery.

For these puφoses, the compounds of the present invention may be administered orally, parenterally (including subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques), by inhalation spray, or rectally, in dosage unit formulations containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically-acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehicles. Thus, in accordance with the present invention there is further provided a method of treating and a pharmaceutical composition for treating HIV infection and AIDS. The treatment involves administering to a patient in need of such treatment a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutical carrier and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

These pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of orally-administrable suspensions or tablets; nasal sprays; sterile injectable preparations, for example, as sterile injectable aqueous or oleagenous suspensions or suppositories.

When administered orally as a suspension, these compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may contain microcrystalline cellulose for imparting bulk, alginic acid or sodium alginate as a suspending agent, methylcellulose as a viscosity enhancer, and sweetners/flavoring agents known in the art. As immediate release tablets, these compositions may contain microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, starch, magnesium stearate and lactose and/or other excipients, binders, extenders, disintegrants, diluents and lubricants known in the art.

When administered by nasal aerosol or inhalation, these compositions are prepared according to techniques well-known in the art of pharmaceutical formulation and may be prepared as solutions in saline, employing benzyl alcohol or other suitable preservatives, absoφtion promoters to enhance bioavailability, fluorocarbons, and/or other solubilizing or dispersing agents known in the art.

The injectable solutions or suspensions may be formulated according to known art, using suitable non-toxic, parenteral ly- acceptable diluents or solvents, such as mannitol, 1 ,3-butanediol, water, Ringer's solution or isotonic sodium chloride solution, or suitable dispersing or wetting and suspending agents, such as sterile, bland, fixed oils, including synthetic mono- or diglycerides, and fatty acids, including oleic acid. When rectally administered in the form of suppositories, these compositions may be prepared by mixing the drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient, such as cocoa butter, synthetic glyceride esters or polyethylene glycols, which are solid at ordinary temperatures, but liquidify and/or dissolve in the rectal cavity to release the drug.

Dosage levels of the order of 0.02 to 5.0 or 10.0 grams- per-day are useful in the treatment or prevention of the above-indicated conditions, with oral doses two-to-five times higher. For example, infection by HIV is effectively treated by the administration of from 1.0 to 50 milligrams of the compound per kilogram of body weight from one to four times per day. In one preferred regimen, dosages of 100- 400 mg every six hours are administered orally to each patient. It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level and frequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and will depend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed, the metabolic stability and length of action of that compound, the age, body weight, general health, sex, diet, mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drug combination, the severity of the particular condition, and the host undergoing therapy. The present invention is also directed to combinations of the HIV protease inhibitory compounds with one or more agents useful in the treatment of AIDS. For example, the compounds of this invention may be effectively administered, whether at periods of pre- exposure and/or post-exposure, in combination with effective amounts of the AIDS antivirals, immunomodulators, anti-infectives, or vaccines known to those of ordinary skill in the art.

TABLE C

ANTIVIRALS

Dm e Name Manufacturer Indication

AL-721 Ethigen ARC, PGL

(Los Angeles, CA) HIV positive, AIDS

Recombinant Human Triton Biosciences AIDS, Kaposi's

Interferon Beta (Almeda, CA) sarcoma, ARC

Acemannan Carrington Labs ARC

(Irving, TX) (See also immunomodulators)

Cytovene Syntex sight threatening CMV

Drug Name Manufacturer Indication

Ganciclovir (Palo Alto, CA) peripheral CMV retinitis

d4T Bristol-Myers AIDS, ARC

Didehydrodeoxy- (New York, NY) thymidine

ddl Bristol-Myers AIDS, ARC

Dideoxyinosine (New York, NY)

EL10 Elan Coφ, PLC HIV infection

(Gainesville, GA) (See also immunomodulators) Drug Name Manufacturer Indication

Tiisodium Astra Pharm. CMV retinitis, HIV

Phosphonoformate Products, Ine infection, other CMV (Westborough, MA) infections

Dideoxycytidine; Hoffman-La Roche AIDS, ARC ddC (Nutley, NJ)

Novapren Novaferon Labs, Inc. HIV inhibitor (Akron, OH) Diapren, Inc. (Roseville, MN, marketer)

Peptide T Peninsula Labs AIDS

Octapeptide (Belmont, CA)

Sequence

Zidovudine; AZT Burroughs Wellcome AIDS, adv, ARC (Rsch. Triangle Park, pediatric AIDS, NC) Kaposi's sarcoma, asymptomatic HIV infection, less severe HIV disease, neurological involvement, in combination with other therapies.

Ansamycin LM 427 Adria Laboratories ARC (Dublin, OH) Erbamont (Stamford, CT) Drug Name Manufacturer Indication

Dextran Sulfate Ueno Fine Chem. AIDS, ARC, HIV

Ind. Ltd. positive asymptomatic (Osaka, Japan)

Virazole Viratek/ICN asymptomatic HIV

Ribavirin (Costa Mesa, CA) positive, LAS, ARC

Alpha Interferon Burroughs Wellcome Kaposi's sarcoma,

(Rsch. Triangle HIV in combination

Park, NC) w/Retrovir

Acyclovir Burroughs Wellcome AIDS, ARC, asymptomatic HIV positive, in combination with AZT.

Antibody which Advanced Biotherapy AIDS, ARC neutralizes pH Concepts labile alpha aberrant (Rockville, MD) Interferon in an immuno-adsoφtion column

L-743,726 Merck AIDS, ARC, (Rahway, NJ) asymptomatic HIV positive, also in combination with AZT. IMMUNO-MODULATORS

Drue Name Manufacturer Indication

AS-101 Wyeth-Ayerst Labs. AIDS (Philadelphia, PA)

Bropirimine Upjohn advanced AIDS (Kalamazoo, MI)

Acemannan Carrington Labs, Inc. AIDS, ARC (See also

(Irving, TX) anti-virals)

CL246,738 American Cyanamid AIDS, Kaposi's

(Pearl River, NY) sarcoma Lederle Labs

(Wayne, NJ)

EL10 Elan Coφ, PLC HIV infection

(Gainesville, GA) (See also anti-virals)

Gamma Interferon Genentech ARC, in combination

(S. San Francisco, w/TNF (tumor

CA) necrosis factor)

Granulocyte Genetics Institute ALDS

Macrophage Colony (Cambridge, MA)

Stimulating Sandoz

Factor (East Hanover, NJ)

Granulocyte Hoeschst-Roussel AIDS

Macrophage Colony (Sommerville, NJ)

Stimulating Immunex Factor (Seattle, WA) Drue Name Manufacturer Indication Granulocyte Schering-Plough AIDS Macrophage Colony (Madison, NJ)

Stimulating Factor AIDS, in combination w/AZT

HIV Core Particle Rorer seropositive HIV

Immunostimulant (Ft. Washington, PA)

IL-2 Cetus AIDS, in combination

Interleukin-2 (Emeryville, CA) w/AZT

IL-2 Hoffman-La Roche AIDS, ARC, HIV, in

Interleukin-2 (Nutley, NJ) combination w/AZT Immunex

Immune Globulin Cutter Biological pediatric AIDS, in

Intravenous (Berkeley, CA) combination w/AZT

(human)

IMREG-1 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's

(New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL

IMREG-2 Imreg AIDS, Kaposi's

(New Orleans, LA) sarcoma, ARC, PGL

Imuthiol Diethyl Merieux Institute AIDS, ARC

Dithio Carbamate (Miami, FL)

Alpha-2 Schering Plough Kaposi's sarcoma

Interferon (Madison, NJ) w/AZT: AIDS Dmg Name Manufacturer Indication Methionine- TNI Pharmaceutical AIDS, ARC Enkephalin (Chicago, IL)

MTP-PE Ciba-Geigy Coφ. Kaposi's sarcoma

Muramyl- (Summit, NJ)

Tripeptide

Granulocyte Amgen AIDS, in combination Colony Stimulating (Thousand Oaks, CA) w/AZT Factor

rCD4 Genentech AIDS, ARC

Recombinant (S. San Francisco,CA)

Soluble Human CD4

rCD4-IgG AIDS, ARC hybrids

Recombinant Biogen AIDS, ARC

Soluble Human CD4 (Cambridge, MA)

Interferon Hoffman-La Roche Kaposi's sarcoma

Alfa 2a (Nutley, NJ) AIDS, ARC, in combination w/AZT

SK&F106528 Smith, Kline & HIV infection

Soluble T4 French Laboratories (Philadelphia, PA) Dmg Name Manufacturer Indication

Thymopentin Immunobiology HIV infection Research Institute (Annandale, NJ)

Tumor Necrosis Genentech ARC, in combination

Factor; TNF (S. San Francisco, w/gamma Interferon CA)

ANTI-INFECTIVES

Dmg Name Manufacturer Indication

Clindamycin with Upjohn PCP

Primaquine (Kalamazoo, MI)

Fluconazole Pfizer cryptococcal

(New York, NY) meningitis, candidiasis

Pastille Squibb Coφ. prevention of

Nystatin Pastille (Princeton, NJ) oral candidiasis

Omidyl Merrell Dow PCP

Eflornithine (Cincinnati, OH)

Pentamidine LyphoMed PCP treatment

Isethionate (IM & IV) (Rosemont, IL)

Trimethoprim antibacterial

Trimethoprim/sulfa antibacterial Dmg Name Manufacturer Indication Piritrexim Burroughs Wellcome PCP treatment (Rsch. Triangle Park, NC)

Pentamidine Fisons Coφoration PCP prophylaxis isethionate for (Bedford, MA) inhalation

Spiramycin Rhone-Poulenc cryptosporidial Pharmaceuticals diarrhea (Princeton, NJ)

Intraconazole- Janssen Pharm. histoplasmosis; R5121 1 (Piscataway, NJ) cryptococcal meningitis

Trimetrexate Warner-Lambert PCP

OTHER

Dmg Name Manufacturer Indication

Recombinant Human Ortho Pharm. Coφ. severe anemia Erythropoietin (Raritan, NJ) assoc. with AZT therapy

Megestrol Acetate Bristol-Myers treatment of

(New York, NY) anorexia assoc. w/AIDS

Total Enteral Norwich Eaton diarrhea and Nutrition Pharmaceuticals malabsoφtion

(Norwich, NY) related to AIDS It will be understood that the scope of combinations of the compounds of this invention with AIDS antivirals, immunomodulators, anti-infectives or vaccines is not limited to the list in the above Table, but includes in principle any combination with any pharmaceutical composition useful for the treatment of AIDS.

Certain compounds of Table S are the following: L-743,726 is (-) 6-chloro-4(S)-cyclopropylethynyl-4(S)- trifluoromethyl-l ,4-dihydro-2H-3,l -benzoxazin-2-one, and is synthesized according to EP 0 582,455. The synthesis of ddC, ddl and AZT are also described in

EPO 484071.

Preferred combinations are simultaneous or alternating treatments of an inhibitor of HIV protease and a non-nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase. An optional third component in the combination is a nucleoside inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase, such as AZT, ddC or ddl. A preferred inhibitor of HIV protease is L-735,524 (Compound J), disclosed and synthesized according to U. S. Patent No. 5,413,999. Preferred non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase include L-743,726. These combinations may have synergistic effects on limiting the spread of HIV. Preferred combinations include the following (1) L-735,524, with L-743,726, and, optionally, AZT or ddl or ddC; (2) L-735,524, and any of AZT or ddl or ddC.

Assay for Inhibition of Microbial Expressed HIV Protease

Inhibition studies of the reaction of the protease expressed in Eschericia coli with a peptide substrate [Val-Ser-Gln-Asn- (betanapthyl)Ala-Pro-Ile-Val, 0.5 mg/mL at the time the reaction is initiated] were in 50 mM Na acetate, pH 5.5, at 30°C for 1 hour.

Various concentrations of inhibitor in 1.0 μl DMSO were added to 25 μl of the peptide solution in water. The reaction is initiated by the addition of 15 μl of 0.33 nM protease (0.1 1 ng) in a solution of 0.133 M Na acetate pH 5.5 and 0.1 % bovine serum albumin. The reaction was quenched with 160 μl of 5% phosphoric acid. Products of the reaction were separated by HPLC (VYDAC wide pore 5 cm C- 18 reverse phase, acetonitrile gradient, 0.1 % phosphoric acid). The extent of inhibition of the reaction was determined from the peak heights of the products. HPLC of the products, independently synthesized, proved quantitation standards and confirmation of the product composition. Tables I and II provide results for a variety of compounds.

EXAMPLE 1

5(RS)-((4')-2"-furanyl)methylpheny-9(RS)-hydroxy-l(RS)-hydroxy- methyl-3-(2'-methylpropyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-one (Compound 10. Table 1)

Step 1 : Compound A

KoCOVacetone

Nal/reflux

To a solution of 2-carbomethoxy-4-ethylenedioxycyclo- hexanone I, (3.0 g, 14.0 mmol, Fuchs, P. L. et al, Syn. Comm, 13(3), 243, 1983) in 100 mL of acetone was added 4-bromobenzyl bromide (3.67 g, 14.7 mmol), K2CO3 (9.69 g, 70.1 mmol) and Nal (210 mg, 1.4 mmol). The heterogenous reaction was heated at reflux for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cooled and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was diluted with 250 mL of Et2θ and the organics were washed with water (2 x 20 mL) then brine (50 mL) and dried over MgSθ4. Evaporation of the solvent and flash chromatography (Siθ2; 4: 1 Hexane/EtOAc) gave 4.8 g (89%) of A.

*H NMR (CDC13) δ 7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (m, 5H), 3.60 (s, 3H), 3.00 (m, 3H), 2.50 (m, 2H), 1.95 (m, 2H).

Step 2: Compound B

B

To a slurry of NaH (375 mg, 15.6 mmol) in THF (15 mL) at 0°C was added MeOH (0.76 mL, 30.7 mmol). After stirring for 5 min, keto ester A (4.8 g, 12.5 mmol) in THF (30 mL) was added dropwise and the solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with 50 mL of EtOAc, then excess NaOMe was quenched with 10 mL of saturated NH4CI. The organic phase was separated, washed with brine and dried over MgSθ4. Evaporation of the solvent and flash chromatography (Siθ2; 4; 1 Hexane/EtOAc) gave 4.5 g (94%) of B. lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 12.6 (s, IH), 7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (m, 4H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, IH), 2.99 (m, IH), 2.78 (m, IH), 2.4-1.8 (m, 4H).

Step 3: Compound C

To a solution of keto ester (2.9 g, 7.57 mmol) B in MeOH (45 mL) and an aqueous solution of formaldehyde (37%, 5.6 mL, 75.7 mmol) was added isobutyl amine (0.9 mL, 9.1 mmol) and HOAc (0.52 mL, 9.1 mmol). The whole was heated at reflux for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and the solvent was removed. The residue was dissolved in EtOAc (100 mL) and the resulting solution was washed with sat'd NaHC03 (2 x 20 mL), water (2 x 20 mL) then brine (50 mL) and dried over MgSθ4. Evaporation of the solvent and flash chromatography (Siθ2 gradient; 4: 1 , 2: 1 , 1 :1 Hexane/EtOAc gave 2.5 g (70%) of C. m.p. 142-144°C.

*H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.98 (m, 4H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.65 (m, IH), 3.00 (dd, J = 2.5, 1 1.0 Hz, IH), 2.85 (d, J = 14.1 Hz, IH), 2.70 (m, 4H), 2.56 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, IH), 2.40 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, IH), 2.20 (m, 3H), 1.70 (m, IH), 0.90 m, 6H). Step 4: Compound D

To a solution of ketone (1.8 g, 3.75 mml) C in 18 mL of

1 :1 :1 EtOH, CH2CI2 and H2O at 0°C was added NaBH4 (142 mg, 3.75 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 min, then excess NaBH4 was quenched with 5 mL of acetone. The solution was diluted with EtOAc and washed with water (4 x 10 mL) then brine (10 mL). Evaporation of the solvent and column chromatography (Siθ2; 65:35 Hexane/EtOAc) gave 964 mg (53%) of D.

lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 4.50 (d, J = 1 1 Hz, IH), 4.20-3.90 (m, 4H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 3.40 (d, J = 1 1.2 Hz, IH), 2.90 (d, J = 13.5 Hz, IH), 2.80 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, IH), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.40 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, IH), 2.20 (d, J = 10.4 Hz, IH), 2.00-1.80 (m, 5H), 1.70 (m, IH), 0.90 m, 6H).

Step 5: Compound E

To a solution of ester (964 mg, 2.0 mmol) of D in THF (40 mL) at 0°C was added L.E13BH (6.09 mL, 6.0 mmol). The solution was warmed to room temperature and stirred for 4 hours. Excess LiEt3BH was quenched with 5 mL of saturated NaHCθ3. The solution was diluted with Et2θ (50 mL) and washed with saturated NaHC03 (3 x 10 mL), water (4 x 10 mL) and brine (10 mL). Evaporation of the solvent left 800 mg (88%) of cmde diol E which was used directly in the next step without purification, m.p. 136-138°C.

!H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.39 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (d, J = 1 1.9 Hz, IH), 4.05 (m, 4H), 3.57 (d, J = 10.8 Hz, IH), 3.39 (t, J = 10.82 Hz, IH), 3.-6 (d, J = 1 1.9 Hz, IH), 2.96 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, 2H), 2.50 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, IH), 2.34 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, IH), 2.27 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, IH), 2.09 (t, J = 11.7 Hz, 2H), 1.95 (d, J = 17.3 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (d, J = 14.3 Hz, IH), 1.77 (m, IH), 1.63 (t, J = 1 1.1 Hz, 3H), 0.90 (d, J = 12.4 Hz, 6H).

Step 6: Compound F (L-770.274)

To a solution of ketal (453 mg, 1.0 mmol) E in acetone (8 mL) at 0°C was added 8 mL of 50% HCI in water. The solution was heated at reflux for 16 h, then cooled to 0°C. Saturated NaHCθ3 solution was added to quench excess HCI. The solution was then washed with EtOAc (3 x 10 mL) and the combined organic extracts were dried over MgSθ4. Evaporation of the solvent and trituration of the resulting white solid with Et2θ gave 300 mg (73%) of F. m.p. 155-156°C lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (s, IH), 3.65 (dd, J = 4.4, 10.4 Hz, IH), 3.49 (s, IH), 3.45 (dd, J = 4.6, 10.4 Hz, IH), 2.80 (m, 2H), 2.60 (d, J = 14.2 Hz, 2H), 2.52 (t, J = 3.7 Hz, IH), 2.43 (d, J = 1 1.4 Hz, IH), 2.35 (d, J = 1 1.1 Hz, IH), 2.00 (m 4H), 1.83 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, IH), 1.69 (d, J = 1 1.2 Hz, IH), 1.60 (m, IH), 0.76 (m, 6H).

Anal calc'd for C2θH28Nθ3Br:

C, 58.54; H, 6.88; N, 3.41. Found: C, 58.91 ; H, 6.88; N, 3.51.

Step 7: Compound 10. Table I

To a solution of the aryl bromide (41 mg, 0.10 mmol) in DMF (0.4 mL) was added 2-(tri-«-butylstannyl) furan (53.5 mg, 0.15 mmol) and PdCl2(PPh3)2 (1.5 mg, 0.0020 mmol). The resulting yellow-brown solution was stirred at 95°C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was cooled, diluted with ether and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was washed with water (7 x 2 mL), brine (2 mL) and dried over MgS04. The yellow oil was subjected to flash chromatography (Siθ2; 95:5:0.5 CHCI3/IPA/NH4OH) to afford 25 mg (63%) of the title compound as a foam.

^l H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.60 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.45 (d, J = 0.8 Hz, IH), 7.21 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.62 (d, J = 4 .2 Hz, IH), 6.44 (dd, J = 4.2, 0.8 Hz, IH), 3.81 (s, IH), 3.63 (m, 3H), 3.50 (m, 2H), 2.85 (m, 2H), 2.60 (m, 4H), 2.45 (d, J = 14 Hz, IH), 2.35 (d, J = 14 Hz, IH), 1.8-2.1 (m, 6H), 1.7 (d, J = 14 Hz, IH), 1.6 (m, 2H), 0.77 (d, J = 8 Hz, 6H).

Anal calc'd for C24H31NO4O.8 H2O: C, 69.97; H, 7.98; N, 3.40. Found: C, 69.95; H, 7.70; N, 3.52.

EXAMPLE 2

5(RS)-methy lpheny l-9(RS)-hydroxy- 1 (RS)-(( 1 '-hydroxy)-2'-phenyI)- ethyl-3-(2"-methyl)propyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1 ] nonan-7-one (Compound 16). Table II

Ph

Step 1 : Compound G

G

A mixture of I (12.0 g, 56.0 mmol), benzyl bromide (10.1 g, 7.0 mL, 58.8 mmol), potassium carbonate (48.4 g, 350 mmol), and sodium iodide (250 mg, 1.7 mmol) in acetone (200 mL) was heated at reflux for 16 h. The heterogeneous mixture was then poured into water (150 mL). The aqueous mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 200 ml). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2S04 and concentrated to give G as a colorless oil (18.7 g). Rf = 0.16 (20% EtOAc/Hexane)] which was used without further purification.

!H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.17-7.26 (m, 5H), 3.91-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 3.15 (d, IH, J = 13.6 Hz), 3.03 (d, IH, J = 13.6 Hz), 2.97 (ddd, IH, J = 15.0, 8.1 , 12.3 Hz), 2.58 (dd, IH, J = 14.1 , 2.9 Hz), 2.49 (ddd, IH, J = 15.0, 4.8, 3.7 Hz), 1.91-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.78 (d, IH, J = 13.9 Hz).

Step 2: Compound H

H

Sodium hydride (2.40 g, 61 mmol, 60 wt% in mineral oil) was washed with hexane to remove mineral oil and then was suspended in tetrahydrofuran (80 mL) at 0°C. Anhydrous methanol (2.15 g, 2.72 mL, 67.1 mmol) was added dropwise over 3 min., followed by warming to 23°C and stirred for 30 min. The resulting suspension was cooled to 0°C and G was added via dropping funnel in tetrahydrofuran (40 mL) over 30 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 23 °C over 1 h and then was stirred at that temperature for 16 h. Aqueous acetic acid (10%, 10 mL) was carefully added and the mixture was poured into saturated NaHC03 (100 mL), washed with EtOAc (2 x 150 mL), dried (Na2Sθ4) and concentrated to give a brown oil. Recrystallization from MeOH afforded H as white prisms (1 1.2 g). The mother liquor was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (20% EtOAc/Hexane) to give a colorless oil which was further purified by recrystallization from Et2θ to give H as white prisms (1 1.4 g overall, 67% yield for two steps), Rf = 0.32 (30% EtOAc/Hexane), mp = 1 10-1 15°C.

*H NMR (CDC13) δ 7.13-7.29 (m, 5H), 3.90-4.00 (m, 4H), 3.81 (dd, IH, J = 13.9, 5.7 Hz), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.22 (dd, IH, J = 14.1, 5.0 Hz), 2.97-3.05 (m, IH), 2.45 (dd, IH, J = 14.1, 8.6 Hz), 2.35 (t, IH, J = 13.6 Hz), 2.18 (ddd, IH, J = 13.4, 5.7, 3.8 Hz), 1.98 (ddd, IH, J = 13.2, 5.9, 3.8 Hz), 1.76 (t, IH, J = 13.4 Hz).

Step 3: Compound I

H

Isobutylamine (4.07 mL, 40.9 mmol), glacial acetic acid (2.28 mL, 39.8 mmol), aqueous formaldehyde (37%, 25.0 mL, 373 mmol), and 3 (10.38 g, 34.1 mmol) were heated at reflux in MeOH (200 mL) for 48 h. The reaction was then concentrated, diluted with EtOAc (125 mL), and poured into saturated NaHCθ3 (100 mL). The biphasic system was partitioned and the aqueous layer was washed with additional EtOAc (2 x 100 mL). The combined organics were dried (Na2Sθ4), concentrated, eluting with Et2θ (50 mL), and then filtered through silica gel washing with Et2θ (500 mL). The filtrate was concentrated to give 4 as a colorless oil [13.2 g, 96%, (25% EtOAc/Hexane)]. This material was used without further purification.

* H NMR (CDCI3) δ 7.15-7.29 (m, 5H), 3.87-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 3.02 (dd, IH, J = 1 1.0, 3.1 Hz), 2.90 (d, IH, J = 13.9 Hz), 2.87 (d, 1H, J = 14.1 Hz), 2.75 (d, 2H, J = 11.0 Hz), 2.68 (dd, 1H, J = 13.2, 3.5 Hz), 2.54 (d, IH, J = 13.0 Hz), 2.38 (d, IH, J = 13.2 Hz), 2.14-2.26 (m, 3H), 2.11 (dd, IH, J = 13.2, 3.5 ), 1.57-1.74 (m, IH), 0.91 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz), 0.89 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz).

Step 4: Compound J

J : equatorial isomer K : axial isomer

Ethanol was added to a suspension of I in dichloromethane: wateπethanol (200 mL, 1:2: 1) until the solution became homogeneous. Sodium borohydride was added in one gram portions until TLC indicated that I had been consumed (7 x 1.0 g). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0°C and acetone was slowly added until it no longer provoked gas evolution. The resulting mixture was then poured into saturated NaCl (150 mL) and washed with EtOAc (2 x 250 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na2S04), concentrated, and purified by flash chromatography (30% EtOAc/Hexane) to give a mixture of J and K as a colorless oil (9.49 g, 72% yield), Rf = 0.23 (30% EtOAc/Hexane).

Compound J: *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.22-7.30 (m, 5H), 4.55 (d, IH, J = 1 1.2 Hz), 3.95-4.15 (m, 4H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.47 (d, IH, J = 1 1.3 Hz), 2.96 (d, I H, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.83 (dd, IH, J = 14.6, 2.1 Hz), 2.68 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.53 (dd, IH, J = 10.6, 2.1 Hz), 2.42 (dd, IH, J = 10.8, 2.2 Hz), 2.19 (d, IH, J = 10.4 Hz), 1.91-2.05 (m, 5H), 1.85 (d, IH, J = 10.7 Hz), 1.58-1.67 (m, IH), 0.85 (t, 6H, J = 7.4 Hz). Compound K: *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.19-7.29 (m, 5H), 4.24 (s, I H), 3.70-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.89 (d, IH, J = 13.2 Hz), 2.84 (d, IH, J = 10.0 Hz), 2.62 (d, IH, J = 10.8 Hz), 2.49 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.46 (d, IH, J = 11.9 Hz), 2.26 (d, IH, J = 10.8 Hz), 2.20 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 2.14 (d, 2H, J = 7.3 Hz), 1.96 (d, IH, J = 14.5 Hz), 1.90 (d, IH, J = 14.0 Hz), 1.79 (d, IH, J = 14.1 Hz), 1.76-1.81 (m, IH), 0.89 (d, 3H, J = 3.9 Hz), 0.88 (d, 3H, J = 4.0 Hz).

Step Compound L:

A mixture of J and K (2.16 g, 5.3 mmol, 1 : 1) in pyridine (40 mL) at 0°C was treated with chlorotriethylsilane (4.03 g, 4.48 mL, 26.7 mmol). 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (2 mg) was added and the reaction mixture was heated at 60°C for 4 h. The reaction mixture was then concentrated, and the residue was partitioned between Et2θ (100 mL) and saturated NaHCθ3 (100 mL). The organic layer was washed with saturated NaCl solution, dried (Na2Sθ4), and concentrated. The resulting oil was purified by flash chromatography (5% EtOAc/Hexane) to give L as a colorless oil (1.14 g, 41 % yield of desired isomer), Rf =

0.33 (10% EtOAc/Hexane).

lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.14-7.31 (m, 5H), 4.04 (s, IH), 3.76- 3.83 (m, 4H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.83 (dd, IH, J = 1 1.3, 1.5 Hz), 2.78 (s, 2H), 2.62 (dd, IH, J = 11.6, 1.5 Hz), 2.40 (dd, IH, J = 1 1.8, 3.3 Hz), 2.08 (dd, 2H, J = 7.3, 1.5 Hz), 2.00 (d, 2H, J = 1 1.6 Hz), 1.88 (d, IH, J = 1 1.6 Hz), 1.82 (dd, 1H, J = 1 1.5, 3.4 Hz), 1.71 (d, IH, J = 1 1.4 Hz), 1.65-1.70 (m, IH), 0.97 (t, 9H, J = 8.0 Hz), 0.83 (d, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz), 0.85 (d, 3H, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.63 (q, 6H, J = 7.9 Hz).

Step 6: Compound M

M

Diisobutylaluminum hydride (1.0 M in toluene, 2.91 mL, 2.91 mmol) was cooled to -78°C and added via cannula to a solution of L (753 mg, 1.45 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) at -78°C. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 min and then acetone (5 mL) at -78°C was added via cannula to destroy excess reagent. The mixture was allowed to warm to 23 °C, poured into saturated sodium potassium tartrate (100 mL), and the resulting suspension was washed with EtOAc (2 x 100 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na2S04) and concentrated to give a mixture of L and M as a colorless oil which was azeotropically dried with toluene (2 x 40 mL) and used without further purification (720 mg, 3: 1 mixture of M:L, 75% yield of M), Rf = 0.41 (50% EtOAc/Hexane)].

iH NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 9.66 (s, IH), 7.13-7.32 (m, 5H), 3.71 - 3.82 (m, 5H), 2.78 (d, 2H, J = 3.4 Hz), 2.74 (dd, IH, J = 1 1.8, 2.0 Hz), 2.66 (dd, IH, J = 1 1.8, 2.0 Hz), 2.21 (dd, IH, J = 11.9, 2.6 Hz), 2.10 (dd, 2H, J = 7.5, 1.6 Hz), 1.93 (d, IH, J = 1.8 Hz), 1.92 (d, IH, J = 1 1.9 Hz), 1.83-1.87 (m, 3H), 1.65-1.73 (m, IH), 0.97 (t, 9H, J = 8.0 Hz), 0.85 (d, 3H, J = 6.7 Hz), 0.83 (d, 3H, J = 7.2 Hz), 0.63 (q, 6H, J = 7.9 Hz). Step 7: Compound N

A mixture of M and L (955 mg, 3: 1, 1.45 mmol of L) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) at -78°C was treated with benzylmagnesium chloride (4.75 mL, 9.80 mmol, 2.06 M in THF) over 3 min. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0°C and was kept at that temperature for 1 h. Saturated NH4CI was added (5 mL), and the heterogeneous mixture was poured into saturated NaHCθ3 (100 mL) and was washed with EtOAc ( 2 x 100 mL). The organic layer was dried (Na2S04), concentrated and purified by flash chromatography (5% EtOAc/ Hexane), to isolate the desired isomer N as a colorless oil (374 mg, 44%). Rf= 0.23 (10% EtOAc/Hexane).

*H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.13-7.35 (m, 10H), 3.74-3.84 (m, 6H), 2.88 (d, IH, J = 13.7 Hz), 2.80 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.77 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.75 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.62 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.47 (dd, IH, J = 13.7, 10.9 Hz), 2.10 (dd, J = 7.2, 4.9 Hz), 1.99 (d, IH, J = 1 1.4 Hz), 1.90 (d, 1H, J = 1 1.5 Hz), 1.85 (d, 1H, J = 11.4 Hz), 1.85 (s, IH), 1.70-1.78 (m, 4H), 0.99 (t, 9H, J = 8.0 Hz), 0.86 (d, 3H, J = 6.2 Hz), 0.85 (d, 3H, J = 6.2 Hz), 0.65 (q, 6H, J = 8.0 Hz). Step 8: Compound 16

N 16

Aqueous HCI (3 N, 10 mL) was added to a solution of N

(374 mg, 0.64 mmol) in acetone (10 mL). The mixture was heated at 65°C for 16 h. After cooling to 23°C, the reaction mixture was slowly poured into saturated NaHCθ3 (75 mL). The biphasic system was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 150 mL), and the combined organic layers were dried (Na2Sθ4), and concentrated to give 16 as a white solid (265 mg, 99%). 138-141°C.

*H NMR (CDC13) δ 7.16-7.37 (m, 10H), 3.88 (s, IH), 3.83 (s, I H), 3.66 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz), 2.98 (d, IH, J = 15.9 Hz), 2.90 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.69 (m, IH), 2.81 (s, 2H), 2.65 (d, 2H, J = 13.9 Hz), 2.48 (d, 2H, J = 11.4 Hz), 2.00-2.09 (m, 5H), 1.91 (d, IH, J = 1 1.5 Hz), 1.53- 1.66 (m, IH), 0.79 ( d, 3H, J = 6.4 Hz), 0.78 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz).

Anal. Calcd for C27H35NO3O.3O H2O: C, 75.95; H, 8.40; N, 3.28.

Found: C, 75.91 ; H, 8.30; N, 3.55.

HRMS calcd for C27H35NO3 422.2695, found 422.2693. EXAMPLE 3

5(RS)-methylpheny-9(RS)-hydroxy-l(RS)-((l'-hydroxy)-2'-phenyl)- ethyl-3-benzyl-3-azabicvclof3.3.1]nonan-7-one (Compound 18). Table II

Step 1 : Compound S

A mixture of diols (162 mg, 0.396 mmol), and Sθ3»pyridine complex (189 mg, 1.19 mmol) were dissolved in dry DMSO (4 mL). Triethylamine (0.34 mL) was then added dropwise via syringe. The reaction was allowed to proceed for 1.5 hours at which point it was poured into saturated NH4CI solution. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 mL). The organics were combined and washed with H2θ, NaCl and dried (Na2S04). The extracts were filtered, concentrated to an oil (147 mg) that was used in the next step without purifcation. The cmde mixture of hydroxyaldehydes were dissolved in pyridine (6 mL) and treated with triethylsilyl chloride (0.34 mL, 20 mmol) and catalytic amounts of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (10 mg). The reaction was allowed to proceed at 60°C for 16 hours. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and the volatiles were removed via rotorevaporater. The residue was diluted with Et2θ (75 mL) and washed succesively with NaHCθ3, H2O and NaCl. The organics were dried over Na2Sθ4 and concentrated. Flash chromatography (9: 1 , Hexanes/EtOAc) gave the desired compound (S) as an oil (62 mg, 28%).

lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.54 (s, IH), 7.14-7.31 (m, 10H), 3.82 (m, 5H), 3.54 (AB, JAB = 13Hz, 2H ), 2.78 (AB, JAB = 13.5Hz, 2H), 2.71 (m, 2H), 2.19 (dd, J = 1 1.7Hz, 3.1Hz, IH), 1.96 (m, 4H), 0.99 (t, J = 8Hz, 9H), 0.65 (q, J = 8Hz, 6H).

Step 2: Compound 18

A solution of benzyl magnesium chloride in THF (2.06M, 0.2 mL) was added to a solution of the aldehyde S from step 1 (61 mg, 0.109 mmol) in dry THF (1 mL) at -78°C. The reaction was stirred at -78°C for 1.5 hours then slowly warmed to room temperature and excess Grignard was quenched with saturated NH4CI solution. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc (60 mL) and washed with NH4CI, NaCI and dried over Na2Sθ4. The material was immediately hydrolyzed in THF/1N HCI (4:1 , 2.5mL). The desired compound was purified via flash chromatography 1 : 1 EtOAc/Hexanes and crystallized from Et2θ/Hexanes. m. p. 145.5- 147°C. lH NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.17-7.34 (m, 15H), 3.90 (d, J = 9.9 Hz, 2H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 3.35 (d, J = 13.4 Hz, IH), 3.00 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, IH), 2.43-2.84 (m, 5H), 2.81 (AB, JAB = 13.5 Hz, 2H), 2.0-2.12 (m, 3H).

Low resolution FAB Mass spec (M+ + 1) m/z 456.

Anal calc'd for C3θH33Nθ3^«0.65 H2O:

C, 77.10; H, 7.40, N, 3.0. Found: C, 71.15; H, 7.24; N, 3.10.

EXAMPLE 4

5(RS)-methylpheny-9(RS)-hydroxy-i(RS)-((l '-hydroxy)-2'-(2'"-(tetra- hydro-I ,2-thiazine l ,l-dioxide))-ethyl-3-benzyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]- nonan-7-one (Compound 23), Table II

Step 1 : Compound T

A solution of trimethylsulfoxonium iodide (298 mg, 1.35 mmol), NaH (32 mg, 1.35 mmol) and DMF (4 mL) were stirred at 0°C for 30 minutes. A solution of aldehyde S from above (152 mg, 0.2709 mmol) in DMF (0.5 mL) was added via syringe. The transfer was completed with two washings of DMF (2 x 0.25 mL). The reaction was stirred at 0°C for 1 hour and quenched with a saturated solution of NH4CI. The reaction was poured into NaCl and extracted with Et2θ (3 x 35 mL). The organics were combined and washed with H2O, NaCl, and dried over Na2Sθ4. Flash chromatography using 8:1 Hexane/EtOAc gave 68 mg of one diastereomer and 25 mg of a second diastereomer (both oils).

Major more polar isomer *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3), δ 7.14-7.3 (m, 10H), 3.81 (m, 4H), 3.60 (s, IH), 3.50 (AB, JAB = 13.2 Hz, 2H), 2.67 (br t, J = 3 Hz, IH), 2.78 (AB, JAB = 13.5 Hz, 2H), 2.72 (d, J = 1 1.4 Hz, IH), 2.66 (m, 2H), 2.60 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, IH), 1.96 (d, J = 11.4 Hz, IH), 1.89 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, IH), 1.82 (dd, J = 1 1.5 Hz, 2.9 Hz, IH), 1.76 (dd, J = 11.4 Hz, 9.4 Hz, IH), 1.53 (dd, J = 1 1.9 Hz, 3.1 Hz, IH), 1.00 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 9H), 0.65 (q, J = 7.5 Hz, 6H).

Minor less polar isomer *H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3), δ 7.10-7.32 (m, 10H), 3.79 (m, 4H), 3.50 (AB, JAB = 13.2 Hz, 2H), 3.23 (s, IH), 2.62- 2.77 (m, 7H), 1.80-1.96 (m, 4H), 1.70 (dd, J = 1 1.5 Hz, 2.5 Hz, IH), 0.98 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 9H), 0.64 (q, J = 7.7 Hz, 6H).

Step 2: Compound 23

NaH (8 mg, 60 wt% in mineral oil, 200 μmol) was added to a solution of tetrahydro-l,2-thiazine- 1 ,1 -dioxide (34 mg, 250 μmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (1 mL) and the resulting mixture was stirred at 23°C for 30 min. A solution of T (27 mg, 50 μmol) in N,N- dimethylformamide (1 mL) was added and the mixture was heated at 65°C for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and NH4CI solution (2 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was poured into water (50 mL) and the resulting aqueous mixture was extracted with Et2θ (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (25 mL), dried (Na2Sθ4), and concentrated to give a mixture of starting material and desired product which was used without further purification.

A solution containing the cmde reaction mixture from above (30 mg) in acetone (3 mL) was treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid (3 N, 3 mL) and the colorless solution was heated at 65°C for 12 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and slowly poured into saturated NaHCθ3 (25 mL). The resulting suspension was washed with EtOAc (30 mL) and the organic layer was dried (Na2S04), and concentrated to give a cmde oil which was purified by flash chromatography (70% EtOAc/Hexane) to give 23 as a white solid (15 mg, 58% for 2 steps). Rf = 0.13 (70% EtOAc/Hexane), mp = 163-164 °C

*H NMR (400 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.13-7.33 (m, 10H), 3.80 (bs, IH), 3.63 (bd, IH, J = 10.1 Hz), 3.59 (bs, IH), 3.51 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 3.21-

3.39 (m, 4H), 3.01-3.06 (m, 3H), 2.86 (d, IH, J = 15.6 Hz), 2.79 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.73 (d, IH, J = 13.4 Hz), 2.66 (d, IH, J = 15.6 Hz), 2.53 (dd, 1H, J = 1 1.3, 1.8 Hz), 2.37 (dd, 1 H, J = 10.9, 1.9 Hz), 2.20 (quintet, 2H, J = 6.0 Hz), 1.93-2.09 (m, 4H), .1.64- 1.66 (m, 2H).

Anal calcd. for C28H36N2SO5-0.80 H2O:

C, 63.81 ; H, 7.19; N, 5.31. Found: C, 63.81; H, 7.02; N, 5.18; HRMS calcd for C28H36N2SO5 513.2423, found 513.2437.

EXAMPLE 5

5(RS)-methyIpheny-9(RS)-hydroxy-l(RS)-((l '-hydroxy)-2'-(2"-amino)- phenyl)-ethyl-3-benzyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-one (Compound 20), Table II

A, Step 1 :

u A solution of ^rr-butyllithium in pentane (1.7 M, 3.00 mL, 5.10 mmol, 9.64 equiv) was added over 1 min to a solution of tert-butyl 2-methylcarbanilate (515 mg, 2.48 mmol, 4.69 equiv) in THF (3.5 mL) at -40 °C. The resulting bright yellow mixture was stirred at -40 °C for 15 min, then a solution of the aldehyde, U, (300 mg, 0.529 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (4 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was warmed to 0°C and was held at that temperature for 15 min. The product solution was diluted with pH 7 phosphate buffer solution (100 mL), and the resulting aqueous mixture was extracted with EtOAc ( 2 x 75 mL). The combined organc layers were dried over Na2S04 and were concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (5% EtOAc in hexanes initially, grading to 20% ethyl acetate in hexanes) to provide the desired alcohol as a colorless oil (85 mg, 21 %) as well as the undesired diastereomeric alcohol as a colorless oil (81 mg, 20%).

*H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13), δ 7.78 (br s, IH, NH), 7.59 (br d, IH, J = 7.9 Hz, ArH), 7.32-7.07 (m, 7H, PhH and ArH), 7.00 (br t, IH, J = 7.3 Hz, ArH), 3.81 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2O), 3.75 (m, 2H, OCH2CH2O), 3.67 (s, IH, (CH3CH2)3SiOCH), 3.11 (br d, IH, J = 5.1 Hz, HOCH), 2.77- 2.56 (m, 6H, PhCH2, ArCH2 and NCH2), 2.10 (m, 2H, NCH2CH(CH3)2 and NCH2 or CH2), 2.03 (d, IH, J = 11.2 Hz, NCH2 or CH2), 1.94 (d, IH, J = 11.4 Hz, NCH2 or CH2), 1.84 (m, 2H, NCH2CH(CH3)2 and NCH2 or CH2), 1.71 (m, 3H, NCH2 and/or CH2 and NCH2CH(CH3)2, 1.52 (s, 9H, OC(CH3)3), 0.98 (t, 9H, J = 7.9 Hz, (CH3CH2)3Si), 0.86 (d, 3H, J = 6.4 Hz, CH(CH3)2), 0.85 (d, 3H, J = 6.4 Hz, CH(CH3)2), 0.64 (q, 6H, J = 7.9 Hz, (CH3CH2)3Si).

TLC (20% EtOAc-hexanes), Rf: desired alcohol: 0.36 (UV), undesired alcohol: 0.44 (UV) Step 2:

20

A solution of the ketal (80 mg, 0.11 mmol) in a mixture of aqueous 3 M HCI solution (10 mL) and acetone (10 mL) was heated at 60°C for 16 h. After cooling to 23°C, the product solution was carefully diluted with aqueous saturated NaHCθ3 solution (100 mL). The resulting aqueous mixmre was extracted with EtOAc (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were dried over Na2S04 and were concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (40% EtOAc in Hexanes initially, then 40% Hexanes in EtOAc) to afford the product ketone as a colorless oil (31 mg, 67%). The product oil was triturated with Et2θ to produce a white crystalline solid (mp = 164- 165°C).

*H NMR (400 MHz, CDC13) δ 7.32-7.12 (m, 5H, PhH), 7.08 (td, IH, J = 7.6, 1.4 Hz, ArH), 7.00 (dd, IH, J = 7.5, 1.3 Hz, ArH), 6.80 (td, IH, J = 7.5, 1.1 Hz, ArH), 6.71 (dd, IH, J = 7.9, 0.7 Hz, ArH), 3.98 (br s, IH, OH), 3.88 (br s, IH, HOCH), 3.74 (br s, 2H, NH), 3.68 (dd, IH, J = 10.4, 1.7 Hz, HOCH), 2.87 (d, IH, J = 15.9 Hz, NCH2), 2.77 (m, 3H, PhCH2 and ArCH2), 2.65 (br d, IH, J = 14.7 Hz, ArCH2), 2.62 (d, I H, J = 16.1 Hz, NCH2), 2.46 (m, 2H, NCH2CH(CH3)2), 2.04 (m, 5H, NCH2 and CH2), 1.91 (d, 1H, J = 1 1.5 Hz, NCH2 or CH2), 1 -61 (m, IH, NCH2CH(CH3)2), 0.77 (d, 3H, J = 6.6 Hz, CH(CH3)2), 0.76 (d, 3H, J = 6.4 Hz, CH(CH3)2). High-Res MS (FAB): Calcd for C27H36N2O3 [M+H]+: 437.2804 Found: 437.2813

Calcd for C27H36N2O3: C, 74.28; H, 8.31 ; N, 6.42.

Found: C, 74.28; H, 8.34; N, 6.52

TLC (40% EtOAc-hexanes), Rf : 0.06

While the foregoing specification teaches the principles of the present invention, with examples provided for the purpose of illustration, it will be understood that the practice of the invention emcompasses all of the usual variations, adaptations, or modifications, as come within the scope of the following claims and its equivalents.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A compound of the formula:

wherein

X is -O-, -NH-, -NR⁴- or -S-;

Y is =0, or forms, with the carbon to which it is attached,

H ^•

Z is =0, or forms, with the carbon to which it is attached,

X /^OH

a) H; b) Cl -4 alkyl; c) C3-7 cycloalkyl; d) aryl, unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with hydroxy; e) CH2R⁵; or f) 5-7 membered heterocycle; and R2 is a) Cl-4 alkyl; b) aryl, unsubstituted or substituted with aryl; c) CH2R⁶; or d) heterocycle; and

R3 is a) CH(OH)R7; or b) CH(NH2)R⁷; and

R4 is a) Cl -4 alkyl; b) C3-6 cycloalkyl; c) aryl unsubstituted or substituted with halo or with C l -4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with hydroxy; d) CH2R^J; or e) 5-7 membered heterocycle; and

R5 is a) Cl -4 alkyl; or b) aryl; and

R6 is a) Cl-4 alkyl; b) aryl unsubstituted or substituted with halo or with Cl-4 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted one or more times with hydroxy; or c) 5-7 membered heterocycle; and

R? i IsS a) H; b) Cl -4 alkyl; c) aryl unsubstituted or substituted with amino; d) Cl -3 alkylaryl unsubstituted or substituted with amino; or e) 5-7 membered heterocycle;

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

2. A compound of the formula

wherein

R2 is Cl-4 alkylene-aryl; and

R⁴ is Cl-4 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted with aryl, C3-6 cycloalkyl, or 5-7 membered heterocycle;

R7 is H, benzyl unsubstituted or substituted with amino;

or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

3. The compound

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

4. The compound

or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

5. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any of Claims 1-4, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

6. The pharmaceutical composition of any of Claims 1- 4, for use in the treatment of and the delaying of the onset of AIDS, in the prevention of infection by HIV, in the treatment of infection of HIV, or in the inhibition of HIV protease.

7. A method of treating and delaying the onset of AIDS, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound any of Claims 1 -4.

8. A method of preventing infection by HTV, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of any of Claims 1 -4.

9. A method of treating infection by HIV, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of any of Claims 1 -4.

10. A method of inhibiting HIV protease, comprising administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of any of Claims 1-4.

11. A combination of compounds, which is Compound A with (-) 6-chloro-4(S)-cyclopropylethynyl-4(S)-trifluoromethyl-l ,4- dihydro-2H-3,l-benzoxazin-2-one, and, optionally, AZT or ddl or ddC.

12. A combination of compounds, which is Compound A or B, and any of AZT or ddl or ddC.

13. A combination of compounds, which is Compound B with (-) 6-chloro-4(S)-cyclopropylethynyl-4(S)-trifluoromethyl-l ,4- dihydro-2H-3,l-benzoxazin-2-one, and optionally, AZT or ddl or ddC.